Abstract: A dual layer forming fabric for use in papermaking, cellulose and similar machines having weave floats in the cross machine direction yarns on the machine side of the fabric that are under eleven machine direction yarns. The float bestows extra life potential to the fabric and gives extra protection to the machine direction yarn knuckles on the machine side of the fabric without any detrimental effect on the fine paper making surface of the fabric. The forming fabric of the present invention has a papermaking surface where the machine direction knuckles and the cross machine direction knuckles are close to, or are, coplanar.

Abstract: A wire former comprising a structural framework, a headbox for holding and dispensing the pulp slurry, a breast roll, a couch roll, a forming fabric belt extending endless between the breast roll and the couch roll in a straight run, and drainage elements and suction devices underlying said straight run for extracting liquid from the slurry. The forming fabric is a multi-ply fabric, the uppermost ply being a self-sustaining weave with monofilament warp yarns of a given diameter interwoven with shute yarns, the lowermost ply being a weave with a series of generally ovate warp yarns having a vertical dimension generally equal to the diameter of the warp yarns of the uppermost ply, interwoven with shute yarns. The ovate warp yarns have a horizontal width in the shute direction substantially greater than their vertical dimension. Binder shute yarns interconnect the upper and lower plies by being interwoven with the upper and lower plies so as to be contained within the body of the multi-ply fabric.

Abstract: Apparatus for the purpose of enabling a paper mill to determine the extent to which the performance and/or the product of an existing Fourdrinier paper machine in the mill will be improved by its conversion into a top former machine comprises a fractional version of top forming apparatus which can be readily combined with an existing Fourdrinier machine in such manner that a minor portion of the forming width of the machine will be converted to top forming operation. The apparatus makes it possible to produce, on an existing Fourdriner machine, a sheet of which a small integral portion is formed by drainage through both the primary wire and a top wire, while the remainder of the sheet continues to be produced in the same manner as before the top wire testing.

Abstract: A sheet forming fabric with reinforced margins is provided on its backing side with a fabric strip in the marginal regions. The fabric strip can have a double layer structure with transverse threads arranged at least partially in pairs one over the other and with longitudinal threads. The fabric strip has a pronounced longitudinal filament structure on the backing side and is fastened to the fabric by stitching. The sewing thread takes the place of a longitudinal thread of the fabric strip previously removed from or omitted during weaving of the fabric.

Abstract: The invention proposes the use, in the manufacture of link belts, of helical coils wound from elongate synthetic plastics material of non-circular, and preferably generally rectangular, transverse cross-section, the major dimension of the said cross-section extending widthwise of the link belt.By using, for example, flat monofilament yarns of a given cross-section in the production of an oval coil of a related major dimension it is possible to increase the cross-section of the wire receiving tunnel formed by two interdigitated coils without prejudice to the capability of interdigitated coils to remain in mutual engagement, and thus facilitate the introduction of hinge wires by mechanical means.

Abstract: A papermaking machine including a non-dewatering forming board comprising a plurality of contiguous blades and a plurality of shower nozzles for showering stock carried by a forming medium over the forming board with a plurality of needle jets of water, each needle jet of water extending in a downstream direction, forming a small acute angle with the stock, and being in close proximity with the stock so that the needle jets of water impinge upon the stock as continuous streams.

Abstract: In order to avoid marking by the supporting surfaces in an endless belt for paper machines or the like with a number of helices consisting of opposing winding legs and headcurves joining these flanks together and into whose intermediary spaces the headcurves of the neighboring helix are forced to a degree that there develops between the two helices a range of overlapping into which a rod is inserted and in order to create the possibility for regulating the flow of air through the wire belt, at least the paper web-supporting winding legs of the helices are glued with a layer of fiber segments. Additionally, in such an endless belt permeability may be controlled by providing fiber segments on the winding legs and/or on the side areas adjacent the loop flanks.

Abstract: A woven paper making fabric (A) is disclosed having a profiled permeability characteristic which varies across the width of the fabric yet the tensions are relatively uniform across the width of the fabric. The fabric includes a plurality of warp yarns (20, 22, 24, 26) extending in a machine direction and a plurality of weft yarns (28, 30, 32) extending in a cross-machine direction in the fabric woven with the warp yarns. The weft yarns and warp yarns are woven to provide at least two layers (60, 62, 64) in the fabric. A number of unwoven fabric closure elements (B) are bound between the weft yarns of two of the fabric layers (60, 62) extending in the machine direction adjacent the lateral edges (42, 44) of the fabric (A). The closure elements (B) extend through the fabric parallel to the edges in a generally straight configuration between the two fabric layers (60, 62) in a generally tensionless state so as not to effect the tension of the weave of the fabric.

Abstract: A forming fabric for use in a papermaking machine has two warp layers and three weft layers. The three weft layers are arranged as an uppermost weft layer adapted to define a paper-web supporting surface of the fabric during use, an intermediate weft layer arranged below the uppermost weft layer, and a lowermost weft layer arranged below the intermediate weft layer to define the under-side (i.e. wear-side) of the fabric during use. The two warp layers are arranged as an upper warp layer, the warp threads of which are interwoven only with the uppermost weft layer and with the intermediate weft layer, and a lower warp layer, the warp threads of which are interwoven only with the intermediate weft layer and with the lowermost weft layer. The warp threads of the upper warp layer are exposed on the paper-web supporting surface but are not exposed on the wear-side of the fabric.

Abstract: An endless sieve band or composite band for paper machines and the like, has a plurality of helixes composed of an elastic wire and each having two opposite winding legs and also two head curves connecting the winding legs with one another and having a predetermined wire diameter and wire width, wherein the helixes are arranged so that when the head curve of one of two neighboring helixes is inserted into an intermediate space of another of the two neighboring helixes an overlapping region is formed into which an insertion wire is introduced, and the winding legs of each of the helixes include a supporting winding leg which has flat supporting sufaces with a width exceeding the wire diameter or the wire width of the head curves.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a papermakers fabric having an upper layer comprised of a batt and an under layer comprised of a plurality of intermeshed monofilament spiral coils, retained by pintle means; the upper and lower layers being unified into a single fabric by application of adhesives to the interface between the batt layer and the under layer.

Abstract: A conveyor belt such as a paper-making fabric, said belt being made of spirals (2, 3) assembled together by rods (5) or by imbrication. With a view to reducing the permeability or to changing the surface condition, it has a generally flat member bearing holes or notches (7) which is inserted inside the spirals (2, 3) so as to completely or partially fill the spaces between or inside the spirals.

Abstract: A paper web forming screen includes two screen fabric plies made of longitudinal and traverse filamentary elements. The upper ply is made of longitudinal and traverse mono- or multi- or staple-filaments whereas a part of longitudinal and/or traverse filamentary elements in the lower ply is made of mono- or multi- or staple-filaments and other parts of non-twisted bundles of component filaments. A component filament in respective bundles is passed at different tie points over traverse mono- or multi- or staple-filaments in the upper ply to replace a longitudinal mono- or multi- or staple-filament in the upper ply. The latter mono- or multi- or staple-filament is passed either below the traverse mono- or multi- or staple-filaments in the tie points or below traverse filaments in the lower ply. The component filaments in the bundles are of the same thickness as the longitudinal and traverse mono- or multi- or staple-filaments in the upper ply.

Abstract: A double-layer woven fabric comprising longitudinally extending warp wires and two layers of transversely extending weft wires, at least part of the warp wires being interwoven with weft wires of both weft layers and warp wires, separated by not more than one intermediate warp wire, extending pair-wise in parallel at least over part of their length on the paper side and/or on the running side of the fabric.

Abstract: A papermakers fabric made up of a plurality of impervious nonwoven sheets joined together in a laminated arrangement to define the fabric or belt. Defined throughout the fabric are a series of drainage apertures which are created in the fabric by conventional techniques, such as laser drilling. The size and distribution of the apertures can be varied to provide a given permeability. Small surface apertures are provided to prevent loss of fiber through the fabric. Each of the layers of the papermakers fabric serves a particular purpose. For example, one or more of the layers may be made of an abrasion resistant material. Other layers may be made of materials exhibiting other desirable characteristics such as resistance to heat, acid, flame and static charge, to name a few. Yarns to provide added strength may be placed between the layers or incorporated into one or more of them.

Abstract: A papermakers fabric for use in papermaking and which is made from a plurality of elongated, linked, slotted elements. The elongated elements can be formed by extrusion or by lamination and are linked one to the next either by an integral tongue or through the use of a pintle connecting means which extends from one elongated element to the adjacent element. The desired permeability can be provided by forming apertures in the elongated elements and can be such that the permeability of the fabric varies in the cross machine direction. The permeability of the papermakers fabric can also be adjusted by varying the tension in the fabric in the machine direction. Individual elongated elements can also be configured so that the high-wear areas of the fabrics, for example the edges, have a greater material thickness than the low-wear areas and so that the cross section of the fabric can be varied to compensate for roll crown or other roll irregularities.

Abstract: In a horizontal twin-wire paper machine, the paper sheet is initially formed in a wedge-shaped zone defined by generally horizontal runs of the primary wire and top wire which are brought into converging relation by cooperating sets of deflectors which support both runs against relative displacement by the stock therebetween and thereby cause liquid to be expressed through both of the wire runs throughout the wedge zone. The converged wires with the newly formed sheet therebetween then travel partially around one or more imperforate forming rolls, after which the top wire is guided away, and the sheet continues its travel on the primary wire. A major feature is the ease and simplicity with which the structure for supporting the top wire and the elements for defining the wedge zone can be added to an existing Fourdrinier machine to convert it to a twin-wire machine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a papermakers fabric having an upper layer comprised of a batt and an under layer comprised of a plurality of intermeshed monofilament spiral coils, retained by pintle means; the upper and lower layers being unified into a single fabric by application of adhesives to the interface between the batt layer and the under layer.

Abstract: A composite fabric for use as clothing for the sheet forming section of a papermaking machine, which fabric comprises at least two fabric layers (1, 2) interconnected by binder threads (4, 5), and wherein part of the binder threads (4, 5) extend in the warp and weft directions and the threads form an elastic interlayer (3) and wherein each binder thread (4, 5) is interwoven with not more than one of the at least two fabric layers (1, 2).

Abstract: A link conveyor is proposed which includes a first set of helical coils or spirals connected together in interdigitated parallel disposition to define a base structure providing adequate strength and dimensional stability in the conveyor and a second set of interdigitated helical coils or spirals connected together and to the base structure and forming a supplementary structure for protecting the said base structure against damage or undue wear. The base and supplementary structures may be arranged to form a single layer conveyor or may comprise two separate plies connected together by support coils to define a Duplex structure. The conveyor is of particular application to papermachine clothing suitable for dryer fabrics, forming fabrics and base structures for press felts.

Abstract: A two-ply screen for the sheet forming zone of a papermaking machine comprises weft filaments arranged in pairs one over the other and warp filaments with all the warp filaments being woven into the top layer of the screen. Only part of the warp filaments are woven also into the bottom layer of the screen. The number of warp filaments in the top fabric layer serving to form the paper sheet is twice that contained in the bottom layer. The lower weft filaments are at least 20% and preferably at least 30% thicker than the warp filaments.

Abstract: A low permeability dryer fabric and method are disclosed which include a helical dryer fabric comprised of helix strips (12) whose winding arcs (16) are intermeshed and joined together by a composite pintle (A) to define a pintle joint. The composite pintle includes a polyester core (B) and an outer low-melt polymeric sheath (C) which has been heat softened and deformed and exhibits a profile (30) which occupies void areas in the mesh of the helical fabric in the area of the pintle joint.

Abstract: A dryer felt comprising a plurality of spiral coils disposed in a common plane and arranged in a side-by-side relationship with adjacent coils being intermeshed and joined together in a hinged relationship by a hinge yarn. During manufacture, the fabric is subjected to a heat treatment under controlled tension to cause the spiral coils, which are normally circular, or elliptical in cross-section to assume the shape of the hinge yarns which are typically of rectangular, elliptical, D-shape, dog bone or two or more circular cross section yarns with the long side of the stuffer yarn lying in the plane of the fabric. In this way, the air voids within the fabric are substantially filled by the hinge yarns to reduce permeability, while the flattened spiral coils provide smooth paper-receiving and machine roll contacting surfaces on the resultant dryer felt.

Abstract: A method for making a perfluoroolefin polymer filament belt is disclosed. The belt is substantially free of stretching under typical conditions of use including application of heat and force to the belt. This characteristic is produced by the process which includes the steps of weaving a belt and thermally fixing the woven belt by heating to the filaments to their white point while applying a force to the load bearing filaments.

Abstract: The longitudinal marginal regions of a synthetic fabric endless belt-type screen for a paper making machine are formed to permit less wear of the marginal regions due to greater elongation as compared to the central region.

Abstract: A double layer forming fabric for use in a paper-making machine has a warp ratio of at least six strands and a shute ratio of at least twelve strands. The warp strands bind with the lower layer at locations distributed according to a satin weave pattern whose ratio is equal to the warp ratio; the warp strands bind with the upper layer at locations distributed according to a pattern whose aggregated ratio is equal to the warp ratio and which is constituted by the association of several weave patterns each having a warp ratio lower to 6 strands. There are at least two shute strands of the upper layer between two successive points where a warp strand comes down from the paper contacting face across the upper layer and then comes up again, respectively.

Abstract: A dryer felt comprising a plurality of spiral coils disposed in a common plane and arranged in a side-by-side relationship with adjacent coils being intermeshed and joined together in a hinged relationship by a hinge yarn of non-circular cross section. During manufacture, the fabric is subjected to a heat treatment under controlled tension to cause the spiral coils, which are normally circular or oval in cross section, to assume the shape of the non-circular stuffer yarns which are typically of elliptical, D-shape, dog bone or two or more rectangular circular cross section yarns with the long side of the stuffer yarn lying in the plane of the fabric. In this way, the air voids within the fabric are substantially filled by the hinge yarns to reduce permeability, while the flattened spiral coils provide smooth paper-receiving and machine roll contacting surfaces on the resultant dryer felt.

Abstract: A sieve belt formed of a multiplicity of helices of thermosettable synthetic resin monofilament. Adjacent helices are meshed together so that overlapping windings form a channel through which a pintle-filament is passed. The helices are free of bias and torsion both before and after being assembled in the belt. After assembly the belt is stretched longitudinally and thermoset, causing the helix windings to penetrate slightly into the pintle-filament to tightly surround it with line contact, and to flatten the long legs of the oval windings between pintle-filaments.

Abstract: A single ply forming fabric for use on a twin wire paper making machine wherein a flat jet stream of pulp is injected between an inner, conveying fabric and an outer, backing fabric converging towards each other for applying opposed pressure to the pulp for removing water therefrom to form a sheet of pulp. The single ply forming fabric of the present invention constitutes the outer, backing fabric and is interwoven with a plurality of monofilament polymeric warp strands with approximately 100% warp fill and monofilament polymeric weft strands extending in the cross-machine direction and disposed in vertically aligned groups of at least three to obtain greater stiffness in the cross-machine direction whereby to substantially redistribute pulp widthwise of the sheet when supported on the conveying fabric.

Abstract: Polyamide monofilaments containing molybdenum disulfides exhibit outstanding resistance to abrasive forces applied transversely to the longitudinal dimension of the monofilament, making the monofilaments particularly suitable for use in woven papermaking belts.

Abstract: The sieve belt is comprised of a multiplicity of helices made of thermosettable synthetic resin material which are interlocked with each other by inserting a plurality of pintle wires into the channels defined by the overlapping helices. For controlling the air permeability of the sieve belt, the hollow interiors of the helices are filled with a filler material comprised of crimped synthetic filaments.

Abstract: A sieve belt formed of a multiplicity of helices of thermosettable synthetic resin monofilament. Adjacent helices are meshed together so that overlapping windings form a channel through which a pintle-filament is passed. The helices are free of bias and torsion both before and after being assembled in the belt. After assembly the belt is stretched longitudinally and thermoset, causing the helix windings to penetrate slightly into the pintle-filament to tightly surround it with line contact, and to flatten the long legs of the oval windings between pintle-filaments.

Abstract: An endless forming fabric for paper-making machine comprise at least two layers of transverse threads and one layer of longitudinal threads. The upper loops formed by the longitudinal threads cover from 3 to 7 transverse threads of the upper layer. The leading crossing points of these upper loops with the transverse threads are distributed in a weave pattern using at least five longitudinal threads. The weave pattern on the paper side of the fabric is selected so as to avoid alignment of the upper loops of adjacent threads and diagonal effects. The lower loops formed by the longitudinal threads, on the machine side of the fabric, pass each time only underneath a single transverse thread of the lower layer. The outer loops are so located that there is no gap in the longitudinal direction between each individual said outer loop of each said longitudinal thread and outer loops of the adjacent longitudinal threads.

Abstract: A paper forming fabric having two layers of synthetic weft strands with interwoven synthetic warp strands and approximately 100% warp fill. The upper layer of the fabric comprises a regular array of mesh openings in which the distance between consecutive openings measured in the weft direction is never greater than the thickness of a single warp strand and measured in the warp direction is never greater than the thickness of a single weft strand.

Abstract: A guide device for replacing a rope of a rope carrier on a dryer roll of a paper making machine comprises a fastener for attaching the device to the roll and a guide for guiding the rope back onto the roll. In carrying forth the method herein, the guide device is attached to the roll, the rope is placed over the guide device, and the roll is rotated to replace the rope thereon.

Abstract: The ends of the web are provided with curved connecting members which are formed by longitudinal filaments which are of greater cross-section than the remaining filaments of the web. These larger sized longitudinal filaments are inserted into the end portions of the web ends in place of the usual longitudinal filaments. The overlapping portions of the layers of the fabric web are provided with zones free of transverse filaments and the layers are secured together in the zones by a manually inserted transverse filament.

Abstract: A papermaking fabric composed of a base having a fibrous batt needled to one surface thereof, the base being formed of interwoven core wrapped yarns, comprising core yarns which are effectively heat infusible and wrapping yarns which are effectively heat fusible, the fibrous batt being either heat fusible or heat infusible, the wrapping yarns of the interwoven base being heat fused to each other at their points of contact with each other on the side of the interwoven base opposite the fibrous batt.

Abstract: Paper-making belts of hollow monofilaments of polyester, polyamide, or polycarbonamide.

Abstract: A fibrous ply forming apparatus unit or module, which can be assembled with at least one additional essentially identical fibrous ply forming apparatus to form a multiply paperboard making machine, comprising four horizontally positioned spaced-apart rolls equally spaced from a vertical plane normal to the axes of the rolls, with said rolls being a tail roll, head roll, foot roll and guide roll, parallel to each other, a fibrous ply forming endless fabric belt wound over the four rolls, a low-vacuum box beneath a run of the fabric belt extending from the tail roll to the head roll for dewatering a forming fibrous ply deposited on said fabric run, and a high-vacuum box behind a run of the fabric belt extending from the head roll to the foot roll.

Abstract: A multilayer felt band, particularly for paper manufacture consisting of rmoplastic material where at least one layer comprises storage spaces having the shape of channels obtained by melting binding portions of fibers, the channel walls being inclined with respect to the surface of the felt band at angles between 0.degree. to 80.degree..

Abstract: A device for dewatering sludge or the like, particularly sludge from water purification plants, having a preliminary pressureless pocket dewatering stage A, one or more horizontal dewatering zones B formed by horizontally extending filter belts located below the preliminary stage A, those zones being located serially one below another, a medium pressure drum filter stage C, and thereafter a high-pressure dewatering unit D.

Abstract: An endless forming fabric for paper-making machine comprises at least two layers of transverse threads and one layer of longitudinal threads. The upper loops formed by the longitudinal threads cover from three to seven transverse threads of the upper layer. The leading crossing points of these upper loops with the transverse threads are distributed in a weave pattern using at least five longitudinal threads. The weave pattern on the paper side of the fabric is selected so as to avoid alignment of the upper loops of adjacent threads and diagonal effects. The lower loops formed by the longitudinal threads, on the machine side of the fabric, pass each time only underneath a single transverse thread of the lower layer.

Abstract: A paperforming fabric of synthetic, monofilament threads is shown as woven in five, or a greater number of harnesses, the warp and weft threads of which it is comprised being interwoven in a non-regular twill pattern with the threads of each thread system interlaced through the fabric to have sufficient crossovers on each fabric face to produce an even sided fabric.

Abstract: A fabric for a paper machine including warp and weft threads in an atlas binding providing for improved longitudinal and transverse stability. The uppermost points of the warp and weft threads in the direction towards a paper-supporting surface on the fabric are located in substantially a single plane so as to obtain more uniform marking properties for the fabric and to concurrently avoid material deposits thereon.

Abstract: Improved paper forming and tissue transfer fabrics having enhanced stability and stretch resistance as well as improved bicrimp configuration, the fabrics being characterized by the alternate use of very high modulus and very low modulus yarns in the machine direction of the fabrics, the alternate very high and very low modulus yarns being woven using either pick and pick or two picks in a shed weaving techniques, the very high modulus yarns having an initial (1%) modulus greater than 2.0 gpd and the very low modulus yarns having an initial (1%) modulus of 0.2 to 0.8 gpd.

Abstract: A forming wire for use in paper-making, cellulose and similar machines, comprising a first layer of weft threads, which layer is intended in the position of use of the wire to face the material to be formed, a second layer of weft threads, which layer is intended in the position of use of the wire to face the machine drive rollers, and synthetic warp threads interweaving said two weft layers. Said first layer of weft threads crosses said warp threads on said outer face of the wire closest to the material to be formed, in at least 80% of all cross points, or according to the shaft (harness) number used in between 80% and 90% of all cross points, whereby the wefts on the wire face turned towards the material to be formed float over a large number of warps. The number of cross points on this wire face thus is reduced, eliminating the tendency of the wire to cause marking on sensitive paper qualities.

Abstract: This invention relates to conveyor belt-like papermakers' fabrics for use in papermaking machines which comprise non-porous cables comprised of a plurality of yarns. Each yarn comprises at least two twisted monofilaments which are substantially circular in cross-sectional configuration.

Abstract: Suspended solid particles are separated from a fluid flow by dividing the flow into partial fluid flows in flow channels having an upper filter surface travelling upstreams and a lower filter surface travelling downstreams, controlling the flow velocity in the channels such that the flow is turbulent but at the same time low enough to allow for sedimentation of the suspended material to form a clear top layer off so that more than half of the liquid fed to the channel is filtered through the upper filter surface, suctioning less than half of the liquid fed into the channel through a sediment formed on the lower filter surface, and finally removing the sediment from the lower surface.

Abstract: Generally, this invention relates to papermakers' belts for use in papermaking machines which comprise ultra high modulus load bearing yarn comprised of poly(para-phenylene terephthalamide).

Abstract: A fiber sheet manufacturing apparatus, such as a paper machine, is described, including a rotary through dryer for drying the sheet material on the same foraminous conveyor where it is initially formed. The dryer is provided with a plurality of separate vacuum chambers circumferentially spaced within the foraminous dryer drum, which are each in registration with a different one of a plurality of sources of hot air outside of the drum. The hot air is transmitted through the sheet material and the conveyor into the vacuum chambers to dry the sheet material. Each of the vacuum chambers and the hot air sources is independently controlled to provide different temperatures and vacuum pressures for more efficient and versatile operation. The air is transmitted from the vacuum chambers out of the drum through their separate exhaust conduits extending through the end of the drum and spaced from the drum support bearings.