Abstract: A pyrolysis apparatus and method for pyrolyzing plastic wastes to form a fuel and generating energy is described.

Abstract: A coke oven and a method of operating the same, capable not only of achieving a uniform combustion temperature heightwise within a combustion chamber when a rich gas or a lean gas is burnt, but also of reducing NOx content in the waste gas, while eliminating localized high-temperature combustion. The combustion chamber of the coke oven comprises a rich-gas port 2 located near an oven wall 6 bordering a carbonization chamber in the bottom 5 of combustion chamber, and the midpoint P3, connecting the center P2 of a lean-gas port 7 and the center P of an air port 3, is on the side opposite to the rich-gas port 2 relative to the center line CL of the combustion chamber. (See FIG.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for decreasing gas flow rates in a sole flue gas system for a coke oven during at least an initial coking operation after charging a coking oven with coal. The method includes providing a duct system between a first coke oven having a first coking chamber and a second coke oven having a second coking chamber to direct at least a portion of gas from a gas space in first coking chamber to the second coke oven thereby reducing a gas flow rate in the first sole flue gas system of the first coke oven. Reduction in sole flue gas flow rates has a beneficial effect on product throughput, the life of the coke oven and environmental control of volatile emissions from coke ovens.

Abstract: A coke oven wall (4) comprising a plurality of bricks (38, 42, 46, 120) laid so as to define first and second wall faces (40, 44), and plurality of flue cavities (14) extending therein characterized in that at least part of the wall is made first, second and third bricks (38, 42, 120) which are laid together and define in part the first and second faces and the flue cavities wherein the first brick comprises a first body portion (48) and an inwardly projecting first leg (50), the second brick comprises a second body portion (64) and an inwardly projecting second leg (66) the third brick comprises a flue wall brick (46, 120) which is located between and aligned with the first and second legs.

Abstract: Pyrolytic apparatus for the rapid and efficient thermal dissociation of matter is disclosed. The apparatus includes a concentric tubular arrangement of high thermal conductivity in a heat sink configuration; inlet members for heat and feedstock; outlet members for solids, gases and heat exhaust; and a plurality of annular passages through which heat is brought into heat transfer relationship with an interior pyrolytic retort section for the dissociation of matter conveyed therein into solid, liquid and gaseous by-products. Provisions are made for the separate liberation of steam produced by the simultaneous interfacing of superheated steam and product gas during pyrolytic decomposition of high moisture content feedstocks. Additional hydrocarbons from the product gas evoluted in the pyrolytic retort section are provided by diversion of the gas to an annulus flanked on either side by adjacent annuli conveying the heat source supply to exit.

Abstract: In a slot-type coke oven battery, the sole flues side walls are constructed of two or more courses of clay liners. The sole flues also include a bottom liner means and are topped with rider tile. The intersections of the successive courses of liners are maintained in position by refractory cross-ties. Ports in the rider tile feature internal venturi shapes which enhance the flow of gases therethrough.

Abstract: An earthquake-proof foundation structure for a horizontal type coke oven battery which comprises: a pile plate rigidly connected substantially in a horizontal position to the tops of a plurality of foundation piles; a base plate for mounting thereon a horizontal type coke oven battery, said base plate being placed substantially in a horizontal position on said pile plate; two sliding layers, each arranged between said pile plate and said base plate and between said base plate and said coke oven battery, each of said two sliding layers being formed by tightly laying a plurality of steel sheets coated with graphite grease over the entire surface thereof into two or three laminations; the lower surface of said coke oven battery or the upper surface of said base plate being provided with a longitudinal ridge and a plurality of transverse ridges, while the upper surface of said base plate or the lower surface of said coke oven battery being provided with a longitudinal groove and a plurality of transverse grooves

Abstract: A heating wall of a coking oven, particularly a horizontal coking oven, separates the coking chamber of the coking oven from the heating flues through which a heating medium flows to heat a charge of coking coal which is contained in the coking chamber. The heating wall is provided with a plurality of individual compartments which are separated from each other and also from the coking chamber and from the heating flues, the compartments being situated between the coking chamber and the heating flues and increasing the rate of heat transmission through the heating wall. Depending on the desired heat-transmission properties of different portions of the heating wall, the compartments may be distributed either uniformly or nonuniformly, or may have the same or different dimensions. The heating wall is constituted by refractory blocks and the enclosed compartments are provided in these refractory blocks.

Abstract: Gas-flow resistance elements are incorporated in each of the rich-gas distribution lines, the lean-gas distribution ducts and the smoke-gas ducts forming part of a battery of coke ovens. The flow resistance elements are employed to insure uniform and adequate distribution of combustion media along the individual rows of heating flues of the coke oven battery. Substantially identical gas-flow resistance elements in the rich-gas distribution lines reduce the flow of rich-gas by an amount which is greater than 50 mmWG whereby, for example, a rich-gas head pressure of 120 mmWG is reduced to approximately 70 mmWG. Substantially identical gas-flow resistance elements in the lean-gas distribution branch ducts reduce the lean-gas pressure therein by an amount greater than 100 mmWG. Substantially identical gas-flow resistance elements in the smoke-gas ducts reduce the flow of smoke-gas therein by an amount corresponding to a loss of head pressure which is greater than 15 mmWG.

Abstract: A damaged part of a coke oven such as a heating wall is restored by selecting masonry bridging material with an essentially low thermal expansion property to close the heating flue and support the heating wall. The selected masonry bridging material may take the form of bridging bricks or castable concrete material. Such masonry bridging material is arranged to close and support the existing masonry which is to remain as part of the heating wall for continued use. The masonry bridging material forms flat connecting surfaces used to provide lateral expansion joints which are aligned from course-to-course. The expansion joint compensates for length changes of the renewed part of the heating wall formed by stretcher bricks having the usual relatively high thermal expansion property. The masonry bridging material reforms an internal crosswall that defines part of a heating flue chamber within a heating wall.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for the destructive distillation of organic waste materials. An insulated sealed distillator compartment is provided having a plurality of conveyor stages for transporting the waste material through the sealed compartment while subjecting the material to a plurality of increased zones of temperature in order to completely pyrolyze the material and evolve pyrolysis gases. An auger feed apparatus supplys a continuous supply of material to the sealed distillator, while an auger discharge apparatus removes a continuous supply of solid carbonaceous residue from the distillator. The residue can be classified and separated into usable products. The evolved gases may be converted into crude oil and natural gas. A process for destructive distillation of the waste materials is also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel shapes of refractory jamb bricks are disclosed which are readily removable and replaceable without tearing down and rebuilding the novel jamb structure of a heating wall of a coke oven battery.