Abstract: According to the invention the heating system for regenerative coke oven batteries that can be heated with rich gas and/or lean gas or mixed gas is provided comprising vertical flues cooperating in pairs, each vertical flue being connected to a regenerator for preheating the air and, in the case of lean gas operation, for preheating the lean gas or mixed gas. High and low combustion stages, as well as structure defining an internal flue gas return at levels above a flue base are provided. Discharge openings are provided at at least three levels for supplying each flue. A base discharge opening is provided at the flue base directly connected to regenerators. Hollow communicating channels are defined for connecting the regenerators to discharge openings located above the flue base. The hollow communicating channels are preferably formed in each communicating wall connected to a discharge opening leading only to one adjacent flue.

Abstract: The method of reducing a nitrogen oxides content of a flue gas generated on firing of a rich gas or combination coke oven having a plurality of heating walls forming dual heating flues, in which a single stage or multistage combustion takes place, and also having a plurality of regenerators for recovery of flue gas heat and preheating of an underfiring medium, includes the steps of mixing one portion of the flue gas drawn from one flue of the dual heating flues with the underfiring medium, gas and/or air, prior to or on admission to the other flue of the dual heating flues, or a regenerator connected with it, and circulating another portion of the flue gas additionally inside the dual heating flues.

Abstract: A coke oven battery has a refractory brick structure comprising a row of coking chambers (1) between an oven roof (9) and a regenerator roof (10) and a row of regenerative chambers (2) between the regenerator roof (10) and a regenerator floor (11). In order to provide protection (e.g. for an external steel frame) against leakage of inflammable gas, cladding (16-24) of metal foil is provided at both the pusher side and the coke side. This cladding makes a substantially gas tight seal with the refractory brick. The foil preferably has a thickness of 0.05 to 0.25 mm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a readjustment device on coking oven batteries with linkages, disposed in a master gallery so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the battery, for the actuation of shutoff members on the individual ovens of the coking oven battery. The linkages, to be moved simultaneously and oppositely in the master gallery, are joined to each other at one end of the coking oven battery through a guide pulley and this guide pulley is provided with pulley segments having different radii to obtain different strokes at the linkages.

Abstract: A waste heat removal system for a regenerative coke oven battery which has side burners and a regenerator portion comprises a plurality of substantially parallel longitudinally extending channels of substantially equal cross section which are defined in the battery at spaced lateral locations and extend over substantially the entire length of the battery below the regenerator portion. A common transversely extending collecting duct adjacent one end of the battery is connected to each of the channels. A waste heat collection duct is disposed along at least one side of the channels and it is associated with a selective portion of the regenerator and a long cross channel is connected to the waste heat connection duct and to selected ones of the channels. The cross channels extend from the pusher side to the coke side or vice versa and form alternately short and long connections to corresponding longitudinal channels.

Abstract: There is disclosed a heating system for regeneratively heating a coke oven battery having twin-heating flues extending side-by-side transversely of the length of the coke oven battery. Halves of the twin-heating flues are separated by a flue midfeather that forms a gas flow space at the top thereof. Between twin-heating flues, there is a heating wall midfeather extending up to the oven crown. Regenerators below the oven sole extend transversely to the coke oven battery with each regenerator coupled by three passageways to the heating flues. Two regenerators are associated with each twin-heating flue. A first passageway extends to the bottom part of one-half of one twin-heating flue, a second passageway extends to the bottom part of one-half of an adjacent twin-heating flue with these two flue halves separated by a heating wall midfeather.

Abstract: A heating system for regenerative coke oven batteries having a plurality of coke oven chambers separated by heating walls and a plurality of regenerators extending the length of the coke oven for preheating air and cooling hot waste gases comprises a plurality of spaced heating ducts extending upwardly in the heating walls which are grouped into two adjacent pairs of heating ducts. The ducts in each group of four heating ducts are separated by first and second binder walls with the first binder walls carrying one binder duct for supplying air and discharging hot waste to and from adjacent heat ducts in one of the pairs in the group. The second wall is either provided with no heating ducts or a pair of heating ducts. A horizontal channel connects the tops of all four heating ducts in each group and the lower end of each heating duct is provided with a rich gas supply nozzle.

Abstract: A heating flue for a coke oven includes a wedge-shaped refractory brick having at least one oblique surface and vertical cylindrical bores when the brick is inserted into the vertical portion of a duct at the bottom of the heating flue. This part of the duct has an increased diameter to support the brick so that the vertical sides abut the inner duct walls and the bottom oblique surface extends toward the mouth of an obliquely-rising portion of the duct. The sum of the cross-sectional areas of the cylindrical bores in the brick is from 0.75 to 1.5 times the flow cross section of the obliquely-rising duct portion. The cross-sectional area of the top of a wedge-shaped brick which is coplanar with the flue base is in a range of between 20 and 200 with the cross section of the cylindrical bore in the brick. The diameter of the bore is between 10 and 60 millimeters. A ratio of 0.3 to 1.

Abstract: A method and a device for feeding purging and degraphitizing air into pipes for rich gas leading to the heating walls of coke ovens. In the device a first cross-sectional opening is connected to a pipe for rich gas. This opening can be opened and closed with a first gate and is adapted to initially release only a relatively small cross-sectional aperture for passing purging air therethrough. A second cross-sectional opening is provided in the device, which is connected to the pipe for rich gas. The second opening can be opened and closed with a second gate and is adapted to release successively, with a time delay after the first cross-sectional opening, a relatively larger cross-section for passing degraphitizing air therethrough. An exchangeable screen can be placed in the aperture in the first cross-sectional opening. The degraphitizing air enters the pipe for burning off the graphite deposits resulting from the rich gas.

Abstract: Burner tubes for coke oven heating flues and method and apparatus for inserting and/or removing the same from burner nozzles. The burner tubes themselves can be inserted or removed from burner nozzles permanently installed in the sole of a heating flue and comprise thin-walled alumina elements provided with external fins adapted to engage the top edges of the burner nozzles. The apparatus for inserting and removing the tubes comprises two pivotally-connected rods, the lower of which is adapted to carry either a fixture which can insert a burner tube into a burner nozzle or a fixture which can remove a burner tube. In either case, the fixture is such that it can be engaged with, or disengaged from, a burner tube by manipulation of the uppermost pivotally-connected rod without manual contact with the tube in the heating flue itself.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of preventing generation of smoke from a coke oven including a plurality of juxtaposed and alternately disposed combustion chambers and carbonization chambers so that the carbonization chambers are heated by heat generated in adjacent combustion chambers and exhaust gas is exhausted from the combustion chambers through a common smoke duct and a chimney, the exhaust gas is passed through a common exhaust gas duct including a dust collector for a predetermined interval after loading raw material coal into the carbonization chambers. At the end of this interval, the exhaust gas is again passed through the common smoke duct.

Abstract: Thin-walled corundum tubes form smooth and pore-free surfaces for supplying non-preheated gas to the burners in heating flues between coking chambers of a coke oven. Silica blocks forming a burner in the heating flues have an enlarged opening to receive the tube so that the tube projects a short distance from the top of the burner and extends therealong below the floor of the heating flue. The tube is made of corundum or similar refractory material to prevent the accretion of carbon which precipitates at a high temperature from the rich gas.

Abstract: Regenerative changeover of a coke oven battery is designed for operation according to a method wherein each regenerative half period is broken down into a time when gas is supplied at a constant pressure to the burners in heating flues and a time when no gas is supplied. A final control facility acts on the regenerative changeover facility to enable the regenerative half period to be broken down into these two time periods. A controller is responsive to variations in gas properties, such as the calorific value, density, humidity and temperature, to bring about operation of the final control element so that the heating time and the pause in every regenerative half period have values such that the heat supplied to the battery in each half period remains constant.

Abstract: A horizontal coke oven battery construction in which a pusher is mounted to extend into the batteries from one side and push coke out of the batteries on the opposite side, comprises a plurality of coke oven batteries disposed in a row. A first waste gas flue extends along the pusher side of the batteries and a second waste gas flue extends along the coke side. A stack flue at one end of the batteries is connected to the first and second waste gas flues. The construction includes means for directing the heating gases into each oven battery during operation so that, in respect to the pusher and coke size, approximately one-half of the batteries is heated by upward burning and the other half is heated by downward burning. For example, all odd numbered batteries may be heated in the same direction and all even numbered batteries heated in the same direction.

Abstract: In a coking operation where the heating medium is introduced into the furnace by way of a bottom fire box and wherein heat exchangers are provided for the waste gases, the waste gas is passed through a plurality of parallel channels serving as said heat exchangers and the useful portion of the total system available for such exchange is reduced when the coking time is increased beyond the time required at normal operation.

Abstract: A heating wall of a coking oven, particularly a horizontal coking oven, separates the coking chamber of the coking oven from the heating flues through which a heating medium flows to heat a charge of coking coal which is contained in the coking chamber. The heating wall is provided with a plurality of individual compartments which are separated from each other and also from the coking chamber and from the heating flues, the compartments being situated between the coking chamber and the heating flues and increasing the rate of heat transmission through the heating wall. Depending on the desired heat-transmission properties of different portions of the heating wall, the compartments may be distributed either uniformly or nonuniformly, or may have the same or different dimensions. The heating wall is constituted by refractory blocks and the enclosed compartments are provided in these refractory blocks.

Abstract: A regenerator lining for regenerator chamber cells in coke ovens, comprises a stone or brickwork having either a honeycomb or lamellar structure, with a plurality of gas passages extending therethrough and terminating in openings on the top and bottom sides of the structure. The transverse portions or sides are made of frame portions having a material thickness of up to 20mm. The webs or spacing between the openings is up to 10mm in thickness. In the case of circular, hexagonal, or similar shape passages, the openings have diameters of up to 16mm and in a construction which includes a slot formation, the slots are made up to 16mm wide.

Abstract: The operation of a battery of coke ovens with regenerative change of draught on heating flues includes adjustably controlling the combustion of gases in the heating flues to insure uniform vertical heating of the coking coal in the coke oven chambers. Control elements for the operation of discrete heating flues in each heating wall are adjusted to insure uniform heating of the coking coal along the length of the heating walls. A gas supply rate is selected for the delivery of gas into the heating flues to define a carbonizing time corresponding to a high output capacity of coke from the coke oven battery. The heat consumption by the coking coal in the coke oven chambers is reduced during each regenerative half period by interruptions to the supply of gas at the gas supply rate without modifying or adjusting the control elements employed to insure uniform heat distribution in the heating flues.

Abstract: Vertical heating flues between adjacent coke oven chambers include rich-gas burners extending essentially to progressively increasing elevations in the flues in a manner such that the burner exit zones increase from flue-to-flue to a maximum elevation at the pusher side of each oven chamber. At the pusher side, the coke oven chamber has a minimum width which increases to a maximum width at the coke side where the rich-gas burners have exit zones at the lowest elevation in the heating flues. Such a rich-gas burner arrangement may additionally include rich-gas burners with exit zones at the soles of alternate heating flues while the remaining heating flues contain the burners extended to progressively increasing elevations. When the coke oven chambers are heated by twin-heating flues, the rich-gas burners extend vertically from the soles of only one heating flue in each of the twin-heating flues.

Abstract: A coke oven battery includes a plurality of coke ovens heated during certain time intervals and the heat supply being reduced subsequent to these time intervals. First valve means controls the flow of combustion air for the ovens and second valve means controls the flow of waste gases recovered from the ovens and recycled back to the ovens. A first primary activating means activates the first and second valve means. Third valve means controls the flow of decarbonizing air for the ovens and a second primary activating means activates the third valve means. Fourth valve means controls the pressure in the ovens and first auxiliary activating means activates the fourth valve means. Fifth valve means controls the flow of fuel for the ovens and second auxiliary activating means activates the fifth valve means. The coke ovens may be arranged in groups so that the coking conditions at any time are the same for all ovens of a given group.

Abstract: In the cellar located below an underjet-type of battery of coke ovens are gas distribution pipes. A gas dispensing nozzle is located within each of the separate pipes which extend from a distribution pipe through the regenerators into the burners for a row of heating flues between two coking chambers. These nozzles are cleaned by injecting compressed air from a pipeline that extends parallel to the rich gas distribution pipe. A nipple opposite each nozzle interconnects the air pipeline and the gas pipe. The nipple receives a plug having either an orifice or a nozzle tube to direct compressed air toward the gas dispensing nozzle. A supply header for compressed air extends along the battery of coke ovens and this header is connected by a valve to each compressed air pipeline in the cellar. A controller responsive to a timer operates the valves during regenerative heating reversals for periodic cleaning of the gas dispensing nozzles with compressed air.

Abstract: A machine for reversing the heating cycle of a coke oven battery includes mechanism to lock out either one of two reversing rods in proper time sequence so that only three of the normal four reversing rods are operable for the selected mode of underfiring of the battery. Shifting or change over can only be accomplished at the neutral position which occurs when all fuel gas to the battery is shut off. The shifting or change over initiates the change over of rich or lean underfiring gas and also is interlocked so that the main drive cannot operate until all change over functions are completed.

Abstract: In a coke oven battery, a part of the waste heat gas is recycled to mix with and dilute the rich fuel heating gas, using conduits and valve mechanisms outside the brickwork constituting the battery proper.

Abstract: A single regenerative coke oven battery is constructed and operated as a plurality of individual and separate groups of heating walls, each group capable of independent reversal and heating cycles. During slow-down operations, one or more of the individual groups of heating walls is shut down for a preselected time period, with no flow of combustion air, fuel and waste gas in the heating walls, while the remainder of the groups are operated at substantially full air and gas flow. The battery is capable of a slow-down operation while avoiding uneven coking and variations in the amount of byproduct coke oven fuel gas generated.

Abstract: Regenerative heating of a coke oven battery includes the combustion of lean gas and air in heating chambers disposed between the coking chambers or, alternatively, if desired, the combustion of rich gas and air in the heating chambers. Each heating chamber includes a plurality of header walls forming upgoing and downgoing heating flues. Each header wall includes at least one internal duct in open communication with a plurality of vertically-spaced exit ports at the common side of a header wall. The internal ducts receive either preheated air or preheated lean gas for combustion in a heating flue. The cross-sectional size of the exit ports to discharge air in a given heating flue increases upwardly from port to port along the header wall whereby the amount of air supplied at the sole and lower part of the heating flue is insufficient for complete combustion of the amount of lean gas supplied thereto.

Abstract: In a horizontal coke oven, the regenerators therefor include columns of superimposed checkerbricks supported at their lower ends on horizontal partitions forming stationary ports that conduct gaseous media between an underlying sole flue and the various sections of the regenerator. Movable plates with portal openings contiguous with the stationary ports are adjustable in the direction of the length of the sole flues for determining the extent to which the stationary ports are masked by the plate. Grooves are formed at the underside of the stationary ports for guiding the side edges of the movable plates. Pegs extend from the lower surface of the plates. In one embodiment, trough-shaped support members in the sole flue carry an adjusting rod that extends along the flue from the coke discharge side of the oven. Fingers extend radially from the rod to engage the pegs to move the plates in an adjustable manner.

Abstract: In one embodiment valve means are provided in the pipe connecting the fuel gas main and air supply main to the respective headers to simultaneously supply a portion of the air to the headers associated with the "on" flues and a portion of the air to the headers associated with the "off" flues. The air supplied to the headers associated with the "on" flues mixes with and dilutes the rich fuel gas to suppress the tendency to deposit carbon in the vertical riser ducts of the "on" flues. The air supplied to the headers associated with the "off" flues removes the carbonaceous material deposited in the vertical riser ducts of the "off" flues. In another embodiment induction or recirculation ducts are provided between the vertical riser ducts of interconnected flues to admix a portion of the waste gas from the "off" flues with the rich fuel gas flowing upwardly through the vertical riser ducts of the "on" flues.

Abstract: A method of operating a battery of coke ovens with which is associated regenerators with checkerwork which includes measuring the temperature in the upper part of the checkerwork in the regenerators and supplying fuel to the burners in the heating chambers in dependence upon the temperature measured.

Abstract: A waste heat exhaust system for side burner regenerative coke oven batteries, comprises a coke oven battery which has a chimney flue connected to one end of the battery and includes a plurality of flue gas ducts which extend in a longitudinal direction and are connected at their one ends to the chimney flue. A plurality of transverse first flues of unequal length have outer ends which are connected to respective waste gas lines which are located on the pusher side of the battery. The first flues extend transversely to the flue gas ducts and they are connected at their inner ends to respective ones of the gas ducts. A similar set of second flues of unequal length have outer ends which are connected to the waste gas lines on the coke side of the battery and they have inner ends which are connected to respective ones of the gas ducts.