Abstract: An electrical heating coal material decomposition apparatus includes a closed kiln body with a feed inlet, a discharge outlet, and an electrical heating device arranged in the kiln body. A propulsion and decomposition path of coal material is formed between the electrical heating device and the inner wall of the kiln body. A coal decomposition gas collecting pipe communicates with the propulsion and decomposition path of coal material, and is connected with a gas dust-trapping and liquefying device arranged outside the kiln. The electrical heating device transfers heat to the pulverized coal inside the propulsion and decomposition path of coal material by conduction and irradiation. The pulverized coal absorbs sufficient heat and decomposes into fuel gas, tar gas and coal. The fuel gas and tar gas enters the gas dust-trapping and liquefying mechanism through the decomposed gas collecting tube, where they are collected, dust-trapped, separated and liquefied under pressure.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention relates to a furnace having a heated portion arranged adjacent to an unheated portion. A plurality of straight tubes are formed of a first material and are at least partially disposed in the heated portion. A plurality of return bends are operatively coupled to the plurality of straight tubes. The plurality of return bends are formed of a second material and are at least partially disposed in the unheated portion. The first material exhibits a maximum temperature greater than the second material thereby facilitating increased run time of the furnace. The second material exhibits wear-resistance properties greater than the first material thereby facilitating wear-resistance of the furnace.

Abstract: A coking plant first and second longitudinally extending rows of oven chambers all of generally the same width and generally the same longitudinal spacing and together defining a corridor into which the chambers all open. The first and second rows are longitudinally offset from each other by a predetermined distance that is greater than the oven-chamber width A device for servicing the oven chambers and movable longitudinally in the corridor between the two rows of oven chambers has first and second service machines transversely facing the respective first and second rows and operable to service the chambers thereof. A coupling of variable longitudinal length between the first and second machines operable can vary the longitudinal spacing between the two machines.

Abstract: Improved, fuel-efficient systems are provided for the processing of biomass, such as wood or crop residues, food waste or animal waste in order to selectively obtain torrefied and/or carbonized final products. In general, the processes involve thermally drying incoming biomass using a dryer employing the hot gas output of a fuel-operated burner. Next, the dried product is torrefied in an indirect torrefaction reactor so as to evolve light volatile organic compounds which are used as a gaseous fuel source for the burner. The torrefied product can be recovered, or some or all of the torrefied product may be directed to a carbonization reactor coupled with a reactor burner. Carbonization serves to remove most of the remaining VOCs which are used as a gaseous fuel input to the dryer. In certain instances, portions of the dried biomass are directed to the burners, as an additional source of fuel.

Abstract: Apparatus for treating materials, the apparatus including a main body which includes an elongated retort section having a primary treatment chamber therein, a feed inlet at an upstream end of the retort section and a discharge outlet at a downstream end of the retort section. The main body further includes a filtering section with a filtering chamber therein which is in communication with the primary treatment chamber, the filtering chamber being disposed laterally with respect to a longitudinal axis of the retort section which extends between the ends of the retort section and is spaced from the upstream end.

Abstract: A processor for vacuum distillation of whole tires including; an insulated housing having a door on one end, and rails on a lower surface of the housing to support a cart loaded with whole tires. A plurality of first heat tubes arranged around and spaced from a central radiant heat tube, the central radiant heat tube having an unsupported end adjacent the door such that whole tires loaded on the cart and through the door will pass over the central radiant heat tube such that the central radiant heat tube is located in a central opening of each tire on the cart.

Abstract: An apparatus for converting a process material such as powdered plastic to usable fossil fuel. A hollow cylinder having a piston slidably mounted therein is externally heated to produce an internal temperature of approximately 500.degree. C. The powdered plastic is injected into the heated cylinder utilizing an inert gas, thereby vaporizing the powdered plastic and forming a volatile gas. An electric motor rotates a crankshaft to slide the piston and expel the volatile gas from the cylinder. A condenser receives the volatile gas and condenses the gas into the usable fossil fuel. A first stage condenser condenses oil, and a secondary stage condenses Diesel fuel, kerosene, toluene, gasoline, or natural gas.

Abstract: A method of replacing a damaged portion of a wall of a coke oven, the coke oven wall having a height h and a length l, the damaged coke oven wall portion having a height h and a length l1, comprises removing the damaged wall portion from the coke oven, casting, outside of the oven, a replacement wall section having a length equal to the length l1 of the damaged coke oven wall portion and a height equal to the height h of the damaged coke oven wall portion, and positioning, inside the coke oven, the replacement wall section.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for decreasing gas flow rates in a sole flue gas system for a coke oven during at least an initial coking operation after charging a coking oven with coal. The method includes providing a duct system between a first coke oven having a first coking chamber and a second coke oven having a second coking chamber to direct at least a portion of gas from a gas space in first coking chamber to the second coke oven thereby reducing a gas flow rate in the first sole flue gas system of the first coke oven. Reduction in sole flue gas flow rates has a beneficial effect on product throughput, the life of the coke oven and environmental control of volatile emissions from coke ovens.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for decreasing gas flow rates in a sole flue gas system for a coke oven during at least an initial coking operation after charging a coking oven with coal. The method includes providing a duct system between a first coke oven having a first coking chamber and a second coke oven having a second coking chamber to direct at least a portion of gas from a gas space in first coking chamber to the second coke oven thereby reducing a gas flow rate in the first sole flue gas system of the first coke oven. Reduction in sole flue gas flow rates has a beneficial effect on product throughput, the life of the coke oven and environmental control of volatile emissions from coke ovens.

Abstract: A horizontal moving bed reactor for heat treating particulate material comprises a housing having an inlet for admitting therein the particulate material to be heat treated and an outlet for discharging the heat treated material, at least one tray disposed horizontally inside the housing between the inlet and outlet and having a support surface for supporting a bed of the particulate material, a heating system for heating the bed of particulate material on the support surface, and a conveyor system for moving the bed of particulate material while being heated along a predetermined direction on the support surface. The conveyor system includes a plurality of horizontally spaced-apart rake members extending across the support surface transversely of the predetermined direction and each having a plurality of spaced-apart fingers in sliding contact with the support surface.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the separation and chemical and physical alteration of organic solid material in which the materials are placed in a sealed rotating drum and exposed to hot products of combustion produced by a flame in the drum. The temperature, oxygen content, material flow rate and dwell time within the drum are controlled so that a substantial portion of the organic molecules is cracked and reformed. Many of these cracked molecules revert to a gas or liquid, and the gas, liquid, and remaining solids from the initial material are separately collected and processed further. The inside of the drum is kept clean by recirculating carriers. The drum wall is cooled by exposure to the ambient temperature and selectively insulating the inside of the drum. The flame is produced with a stoichiometric mixture of oxygen and fuel to produce a temperature to avoid combustion of the solid material.

Abstract: A coke oven battery has a refractory brick structure comprising a row of coking chambers (1) between an oven roof (9) and a regenerator roof (10) and a row of regenerative chambers (2) between the regenerator roof (10) and a regenerator floor (11). In order to provide protection (e.g. for an external steel frame) against leakage of inflammable gas, cladding (16-24) of metal foil is provided at both the pusher side and the coke side. This cladding makes a substantially gas tight seal with the refractory brick. The foil preferably has a thickness of 0.05 to 0.25 mm.

Abstract: Pyrolytic apparatus for recycling discarded rubber tires and the like that includes an auto clave shell that is closed at both ends to provide a closed vessel and has an interior refractory lining enclosing a reactor chamber and in conjunction with the vessel forms a gas-oil separation chamber surrounding the lining, heat exchangers within the lining, burners exterior of the vessel for conducting heat to the heat exchangers, a compressor for withdrawing pyrolytic gas given off by the pyrolytic decomposition of tires in the reactor chamber and conducting it to a recovered gas storage tank and a line for conducting oil given off by the decomposition of tires in the reactor chamber to an oil storage tank. The vessel walls are of a sufficiently lower temperature than that in the reactor chamber that the oil condenses on the vessel walls.

Abstract: In a coking oven with a horizontal chamber the chamber is provided with a filling hole having a cylindrical portion with the diameter D and a reduced portion downwardly extending therefrom into the chamber over the height H. The ratio between D and H.ltoreq.1.5.

Abstract: Fine grained coal is fed into a first chamber of a generally horizontally extending fluidizing bed reactor while a stream of hot solid heat exchange material is passed through the chamber. The coal is then subjected to a fluidizing action with a low nitrogen and low oxygen content so as to degas the coal particles and obtain the combustible gases and liquid byproducts. The coke particles thus formed are then passed into an adjoining second chamber which acts as the combustion chamber and are subjected therein to fluidization with air and burning. Steam is generated in water-filled conduits passing through said second chamber. The heat exchanger particles are simultaneously heated up and are continuously fed back into the first zone of the reactor to contact fresh coal introduced thereinto.

Abstract: The coking chamber of a by-product coke oven is formed by a refractory enclosure provided in its top with a charging opening and with an outlet for volatile by-products produced in the coking operation. Forming the bottom of the chamber near the bottom wall of the enclosure, but spaced above it, is a high-temperature resistant metal sole plate, beneath which are electric resistance elements for heating the plate directly in order to coke coal supported by the plate. Opposite sides of the lower part of the chamber may also be formed by electrically heated plates.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for making coke and recovering the heat therefrom for preheating the firing gas to the coke oven. The process involves the use of the coke oven firing gas to extract the sensible heat from the hot coke from the coking oven to both preheat the firing gas for the coke oven and cool the hot coke. Significant economies are achieved in the two-fold function of coke production and heat recovery in accordance with the method disclosed.

Abstract: A process comprising heating coal in a substantially air-free environment to liberate volatile materials and produce coke, condensing at least some of the volatile materials so liberated to liquefied products and dispersing the coke therein to form a coke slurry, feeding the coke slurry to a slurry pipeline, and pumping the coke slurry through the pipeline to a destination.Apparatus comprising a tube furnace having an external heating means for indirectly heating powdered coal therein in a substantially air-free environment to a temperature adequate to liberate volatile materials and produce coke, means to feed powdered coal to the furnace under pressure and force the volatile materials and coke produced in the furnace through the furnace to a condensing means in which at least some of the volatile materials are condensed with the coke dispersed therein to form a coke slurry, and means to convey the coke slurry from the condensing means to a pipeline for transport to a destination.

Abstract: Coal not normally used for coking is, prior to feeding to coking batteries, processed in a vertical suspension preheater heated by combustion gases from the coking batteries; the coal particles are separated from these combustion gases in two alternately operating sets of primary and secondary cyclone separators and are then supplied to coking batteries together with part of the combustion gases which serve as carrier gases for the coal particles.

Abstract: The carcass of a dead animal is placed within a heating chamber and a burner disposed at one end of the chamber emits a flame which substantially engulfs the chamber. A control for fuel/air mixture of the burner insures a steady reliable heating action which elevates the chamber to approximately 1200.degree. F at which time the animal carcass, without substantial incineration, is pyrolytically decomposed so that the animal material is destructively distilled out of the chamber and up the stack, the stack being located at the end of the heating chamber remote from the burner. The volatilized hydrocarbon may either be condensed, vented to atmosphere or burned within the stack through an after-burner. The volatilized hydrocarbon is biodegradable and does not have an adverse polluting effect upon the environment.The foregoing process occurs without substantial emission of visible smoke or offensive odors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for the heat treatment of materials on a traveling hearth mounted on a horizontal plane and rotated on a vertical axis within a substantially air-tight enclosure. The materials on the hearth are deposited thereon in separate and distinct rows and retained in separate rows while undergoing heat treatment within the enclosure. The material in one of said rows is capable of evolving volatiles when the materials are subjected to a heat treatment and the evolved volatiles rise and are dispersed in the upper portion of the enclosure where the same will combine with an oxidant such as air and/or oxygen which is admitted into this portion of the enclosure. The mixture of evolved volatiles and oxidants such as air and/or oxygen will combust in the upper portion of the enclosure.

Abstract: An improved by-product coke oven wherein the ends are heated through the doors or jambs to prevent condensation of the tar and the deposit of carbon and coal. This improved coke oven possesses improved sealing features and minimizes pollution during coking and during the extraction of the doors.