Abstract: Analyte meter protectors, meters that include the same, and methods.

Abstract: The presence of oxygen or red blood cells in a sample applied to an electrochemical test strip that makes use of a reduced mediator is corrected for by an additive correction factor that is determined as a function of the temperature of the sample and a measurement that reflects the oxygen carrying capacity of the sample. The measured oxygen carrying capacity can also be used to determine hematocrit and to distinguish between blood samples and control solutions applied to a test strip.

Abstract: Nanostructured microelectrodes and biosensing devices incorporating the same are disclosed herein.

Abstract: In a biosensor system and its measuring instrument which determine that a biosensor chip has been inserted and measure biological information on a biological material supplied to the biosensor chip, the size of the biosensor chip is made small, the reliability of the measuring instrument is improved, and the product life becomes long. In addition, a measurement error of the biological information is suppressed in measuring the biological information by inserting a biosensor chip, which has a sensor electrode formed of an electrode member with an electric resistance value higher than a conductive metal, into the measuring instrument.

Abstract: An electrochemical-based analytical test strip includes an electrically-insulating substrate, a patterned conductive layer disposed over the electrically-insulating substrate, a patterned insulating layer disposed over the patterned conductive layer, an enzymatic reagent layer disposed over the patterned conductive layer, a patterned adhesive layer disposed above the enzymatic reagent layer and a top layer disposed over the enzymatic reagent layer. In addition, the test strip has a sample-receiving chamber defined by the electrically-insulating substrate, the patterned conductive layer, the patterned insulating layer, the enzymatic reagent layer, the patterned adhesive layer and the top layer. The sample receiving chamber of the test strip has a working portion and a non-working portion and the top layer has a first portion and an opaque second portion.

Abstract: This disclosure describes electrochemical biosensors produced using click chemistry.

Abstract: An electrochemical sensor strip has a base and a first electrode and a second electrode on the base. An oxidoreductase enzyme and a mediator are on the first electrode, and a soluble redox species is on the second electrode. The soluble redox species may be an organotransition metal complex, a transition metal coordination complex, an electroactive organic molecule, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A biosensor is disclosed comprising a support; a conductive layer composed of an electrical conductive material such as a noble metal, for example gold or palladium, and carbon; slits parallel to and perpendicular to the side of the support; working, counter, and detecting electrodes; a spacer which covers the working, counter, and detecting electrodes on the support; a rectangular cutout in the spacer forming a specimen supply path; an inlet to the specimen supply path; a reagent layer formed by applying a reagent containing an enzyme to the working, counter, and detecting electrodes, which are exposed through the cutout in the spacer; and a cover over the spacer. The biosensor can be formed by a simple method, and provides a uniform reagent layer on the electrodes regardless of the reagent composition.

Abstract: An integrated lancing and measurement device is provided comprising a sensor designed to determine the amount and/or concentration of analyte in a biological fluid having a volume of less than about 1 ?l. A piercing member is adapted to pierce and retract from a site on the patient to cause the fluid to flow therefrom, and the sensor is positioned adjacent to the site on the patient so as to receive the fluid flowing from the site to generate an electrical signal indicative of the concentration of the analyte in the fluid. The sensor is comprised of a working electrode comprising an analyte-responsive enzyme and a redox mediator, and a counter electrode. An analyte monitor is operatively connected to the sensor and adapted to measure the signal generated by the sensor. Also provided are analyte measuring methods that optionally employ the integrated lancing and measurement device.

Abstract: A method of measuring an analyte in a biological fluid comprises applying an excitation signal having a DC component and an AC component. The AC and DC responses are measured; a corrected DC response is determined using the AC response; and a concentration of the analyte is determined based upon the corrected DC response. Other methods and devices are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of determining concentrations of a plurality of analytes from a single blood sample placed in a single opening. A portion of the single blood sample is absorbed by a test matrix that includes a plurality of layers and a chromogenic agent. A colored response is generated by the test matrix. The colored response is proportional to the concentration of a first analyte. A portion of the single blood sample is drawn into a capillary tube and placed in contact with an electrode and a counter-electrode. An electrical property of the single blood sample is analyzed through the electrode and counter-electrode. The electrical property is proportional to the concentration of a second analyte in the single blood sample.

Abstract: The present invention provides a test strip for measuring a concentration of an analyte of interest in a biological fluid, wherein the test strip may be encoded with information that can be read by a test meter into which the test strip is inserted. In one embodiment, a first test strip comprises: a first measurement electrode connectable to a test meter; a first trace loop with a first associated resistance, where the first trace loop is connectable to the test meter; and a second trace loop with a second associated resistance, where the second trace loop is connectable to the test meter. The test meter is adapted to: receive the first test strip; connect to the first measurement electrode, the first trace loop, and the second trace loop; and obtain a first resistance ratio by comparing the first and second associated resistances.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochemical biosensor strip comprising a base which has a front side and a back side, an electrode system on the front side of said base, a code-recognition element on one end of the back side of said base, a cover which is located on said electrode system, and a reaction area which is in touch with said electrode system for a reaction to take place. By forms of said code-recognition element provided in the present invention, a biosensing device will automatically choose a specific set of calibration code corresponding to a particular batch of the electrochemical biosensor strip while coupling to the strip. Hence, the present invention eliminates the calibration step carried out by users and simplifies the measuring procedure, avoiding the inaccurate results due to the omission or improper operation of the calibration step by users.

Abstract: The present invention is related to an electrochemical biosensing test strip, biosensing meter, system and method for analyte measurement incorporating a hematocrit correction. The biosensor strip comprises a first and a second electrode sets respectively for detecting analyte concentration and hematocrit level. The first and second electrode sets are respectively corresponding to different reaction zones and a reaction reagent is only formed on the first electrode set corresponding reaction zone. Applying a first signal comprising a DC component and a second signal comprising an AC component that has a constant frequency respectively to the first and second electrode sets can respectively detect an uncorrected analyte concentration and hematocrit level. Therefore, the corrected analyte concentration is more accurate by incorporating the hematocrit correction.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments include a test element operable to receive a sample and to provide an indication of an analyte of the sample to a meter. In one form test element comprises a substrate and an optically readable pattern provided on the substrate which encodes information relating to the test element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an analytical tool (1) comprising a substrate (10), a capillary (13) which is formed on the substrate (10) and into which a sample liquid is to be loaded by movement of the sample liquid in the capillary. The substrate (10) is provided with a liquid movement preventer for preventing the sample liquid loaded into the capillary (13) from moving further. Preferably, the liquid movement preventer includes a stepped portion (18B) projecting from the substrate or a recess provided at the substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to embodiments of an analysis system and to a method for analyzing a sample on an analytical test element, with the analysis system comprising a test element receptacle for receiving and positioning a test element in an analysis position. In an exemplary embodiment, the test element receptacle contains a guide part and a lock part, the guide part having means for guiding a test element into and out of the analysis position, the lock part comprising a frame and a bolt element, which frame and bolt element are connected to one another by a hinge. The bolt element can be pivoted about the hinge between a first position and a second position with respect to the frame. The bolt element comprises a latching lug for engaging in a recess in test element when the bolt element is in the first position and when the test element is positioned in the analysis position.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mobile communication terminal equipped with temperature compensation function for use in bio-information measurement, including a biosensor insertion in which a biosensor directly detecting bio-information of a subject is inserted, a temperature measurement unit measuring temperatures, and a controller analyzing the bio-information inputted from the biosensor based on stored analysis data and correcting the bio-information using the temperature measured by the temperature measurement unit, in which the temperature measurement unit measures temperature of a target object without contacting the target object directly.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for provide a stable voltage to an electrochemical cell used for measurement of an analyte such as glucose in a liquid sample. The apparatus uses a circuit in which multiple switching positions provide both calibration information for use in calibration of electronic components in the circuit and error checking functionality.

Abstract: A sensor cartridge for supplying a sensor is used. The sensor cartridge includes a casing within which the plurality of sensors can be arranged, and that allows a sample to be introduced to a sensor located at a preset location, and a connection structure. The connection structure electrically connects an external device and a sensor electrode of the sensor located at the preset location. The casing is formed so as to be held by the external device when the external device and the sensor electrode of the sensor are electrically connected via the connection structure.

Abstract: A dual chamber, multi-analyte test strip has a first insulating layer, a first electrically conductive layer, with a first working electrode, disposed on the first insulating layer and a first patterned spacer layer positioned above the first electrically conductive layer. The first patterned spacer layer has a first sample-receiving chamber, with first and second end openings, defined therein that overlies the first working electrode. The test strip also includes a first counter/reference electrode layer that is exposed to the first sample receiving chamber and is in an opposing relationship to the first working electrode. The test strip further includes a counter/reference insulating layer disposed over the first counter/reference electrode layer and a second counter/reference electrode layer disposed on the counter/reference substrate. Also included in the test strip is a second patterned spacer layer that is positioned above the second counter/reference electrode layer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for an immunoassay technique that uses amperometric measurements to rapidly analyze different pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, toxins, and parasites. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, at least one conductive membrane is used to provide support for antibody immobilization and serve as a working electrode; it could also be independent rather than the working electrode. This conductive membrane or powder can be fabricated of a conductive material or can be a nonconductive material over which a conductive material is coated. In either case, the proposed technique is adaptable for use with different materials so as to form a membrane having a pore size that is suited to the particular application. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a compact and simple disposable element that can be easily disposed of after use.

Abstract: A sensor designed to determine the amount and concentration of analyte in a sample having a volume of less than about 1 ?L. The sensor has a working electrode coated with a non-leachable redox mediator. The redox mediator acts as an electron transfer agent between the analyte and the electrode. In addition, a second electron transfer agent, such as an enzyme, can be added to facilitate the electrooxidation or electroreduction of the analyte. The redox mediator is typically a redox compound bound to a polymer. The preferred redox mediators are air-oxidizable. The amount of analyte can be determined by coulometry. One particular coulometric technique includes the measurement of the current between the working electrode and a counter or reference electrode at two or more times. The charge passed by this current to or from the analyte is correlated with the amount of analyte in the sample. Other electrochemical detection methods, such as amperometric, voltammetric, and potentiometric techniques, can also be used.

Abstract: A sensor designed to determine the amount and concentration of analyte in a sample having a volume of less than about 1 ?L. The sensor has a working electrode coated with a non-leachable redox mediator. The redox mediator acts as an electron transfer agent between the analyte and the electrode. In addition, a second electron transfer agent, such as an enzyme, can be added to facilitate the electrooxidation or electroreduction of the analyte. The redox mediator is typically a redox compound bound to a polymer. The preferred redox mediators are air-oxidizable. The amount of analyte can be determined by coulometry, amperometry, voltammetry, and potentiometry. The invention can be used to determine the concentration of a biomolecule, such as glucose or lactate, in a biological fluid, such as blood or serum. An enzyme capable of catalyzing the electrooxidation or electroreduction of the biomolecule is provided as a second electron transfer agent.

Abstract: Methods and devices are provided for controlling the impact of undesirable short circuits between non-adjacent but critically matched pairs of electrodes in a co-planar electrochemical sensor. In one embodiment, the size and/or shape of at least one electrode is configured to induce a short circuit between electrode pairs for which connectivity is pre-set to be measured by a meter in order to indicate a short circuit between a different pair for which such connectivity is not pre-set to be measured. In another embodiment, the surface area of one or more electrodes, other than the working electrode, which are designed to be exposed to a sample fluid is significantly limited in relation to the surface area of the working electrode that is exposed to the sample fluid.

Abstract: A biosensor comprises a space part for sucking and housing a sample formed of two upper and lower plates, the two plates being stuck together by an adhesive layer, the space part for sucking and housing the sample being constituted so as to be partially opened in the peripheral part and partially closed by the adhesive layer, and has a working electrode having at least glucose oxidase immobilized thereon and a counter electrode on the same plane of the plate.

Abstract: A biosensor comprises a space part for sucking and housing a sample formed of two upper and lower plates, the two plates being stuck together by an adhesive layer, the space part for sucking and housing the sample being constituted so as to be partially opened in the peripheral part and partially closed by the adhesive layer, and has a working electrode having at least glucose oxidase immobilized thereon and a counter electrode on the same plane of the plate.

Abstract: A fluid assay system comprises a swab having an absorbent portion for receiving and retaining a fluid sample. The system also comprises an electrode module having at least one electrode, arranged so that it can be selectively placed over the absorbent portion of the swab in order to contact the electrode with the fluid sample. The system further comprises a reader module configured to process signals from the electrode module, with the electrode and reading modules arranged such that they can be coupled together for communication of the signals from the electrode module to the reader module.

Abstract: A biochemical test strip, a measurement device, and a biochemical test system are provided. The biochemical test strip has a first connection region, a second connection region and a sensing region defined thereon, and includes an insulating substrate, a set of electrodes, an insulating slice and an identifying unit. The set of the electrodes is disposed on the insulating substrate, and one end of the set of electrodes is in the first connection region. The insulating slice is disposed on the set of the electrodes and exposes at least the first connection region. The identifying unit including a plurality of electronic elements is formed on a surface of the insulating slice in the second connection region, wherein the second connection region is different from the first connection region. The type of the biochemical test strip is determined by the number and location of the plurality of electronic elements.

Abstract: An analyte test strip is provided that includes a generally planar substrate and a plurality of conductive areas disposed on the substrate to define five distinct conductive portions comprising at least five contact lands defining respective vertices of a polygon, and in which two contact lands are located in a single conductive portion. System and method utilizing the test strip are also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a test strip for measuring a concentration of an analyte of interest in a biological fluid, wherein the test strip may be encoded with information that can be read by a test meter into which the test strip is inserted. In one embodiment, a first test strip comprises: a first measurement electrode connectable to a test meter; a first trace loop with a first associated resistance, where the first trace loop is connectable to the test meter; and a second trace loop with a second associated resistance, where the second trace loop is connectable to the test meter. The test meter is adapted to: receive the first test strip; connect to the first measurement electrode, the first trace loop, and the second trace loop; and obtain a first resistance ratio by comparing the first and second associated resistances.

Abstract: A biosensor having multiple electrical functionalities located both within and outside of the measurement zone in which a fluid sample is interrogated. Incredibly small and complex electrical patterns with high quality edges provide electrical functionalities in the biosensor and also provide the electrical wiring for the various other electrical devices provided in the inventive biosensor. In addition to a measurement zone with multiple and various electrical functionalities, biosensors of the present invention may be provided with a user interface zone, a digital device zone and/or a power generation zone. The inventive biosensors offer improved ease of use and performance, and decrease the computational burden and associated cost of the instruments that read the biosensors by adding accurate yet cost-effective functionalities to the biosensors themselves.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, an electrochemical sensor (10) for detecting the concentration of analyte in a fluid test sample is disclosed. The sensor (10) includes a counter electrode having a high-resistance portion for use in detecting whether a predetermined amount of sample has been received by the test sensor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a carbon nanotube transistor biosensor with aptamers and a method for detecting a target material using the same, more particularly to a carbon nanotube transistor biosensor recognizing the target material, i.e., a specific molecule (such as a protein, a peptide, an amino acid, and an organic/inorganic compound) by using DNA aptamers and a method for screening a target material using the same. In the biosensor of the present invention, the aptamers binding specifically to a particular protein are adsorbed on a carbon nanotube constituting the channel domain of carbon nanotube transistor to easily detect/identify a particular protein via the electric conductivity of carbon nanotube that varies if the particular protein is exposed to corresponding aptamers.

Abstract: A method of measuring a quantity of a substrate contained in sample liquid is provided. This method can reduce measurement errors caused by a biosensor. The biosensor includes at least a pair of electrodes on an insulating board and is inserted into a measuring device which includes a supporting section for supporting detachably the biosensor, plural connecting terminals to be coupled to the respective electrodes, and a driving power supply which applies a voltage to the respective electrodes via the connecting terminals. One of the electrodes of the biosensor is connected to the first and second connecting terminals of the measuring device only when the biosensor is inserted into the measuring device in a given direction, and has a structure such that the electrode becomes conductive between the first and second connecting terminals due to a voltage application by the driving power supply.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrochemical cells including a connector which mates with a connection device to provide electrical connection to meter circuitry.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an analyzing device to be used by inserting an analytical instrument 2 comprising a plurality of terminal portions 25A to 28A therein, the device including a plurality of terminals 42 and 43 having a shape of a flat spring to be in contact with the plurality of terminal portions 25A to 28A, and a disposal mechanism for disposing of the analytical instrument 2 after completing an analysis. Contact portions 46 and 47 in the plurality of terminals 42 and 43 having a flat-spring shape to be in contact with the plurality of terminal portions 25A to 28A are placed to be in non-parallel with a direction orthogonal to a disposal direction D1 of the analytical instrument 2 in planar view. The portions 46 and 47 in the plurality of terminals 42 and 43 having the flat-spring shape are preferably placed so as to have a symmetrical or substantially symmetrical positional relationship relative to a center line L1 of the analytical instrument 2 extending along the disposal direction D1.

Abstract: A chip-carrier module known from smart card technology is adapted as an electrode array for use in disposable sensing or separation devices containing electrodes. The electrodes are manufactured directly onto chip-carrier module. The preferred electrode module includes a chip-carrier module and at least one electrode formed thereon, the chip-carrier module being a laminate of a metal foil and an insulator foil, which metal foil is divided into at least two conductor regions, the insulator foil having a perforation over each conductor region, and the at least one electrode being formed by a membrane layer applied to the insulating foil to extend through one of the perforations for electrical contact with the conductor region associated therewith, the membrane layer imparting chemical sensitivity to the electrode. The result is an electrode module for use in disposable sensing or separation devices containing electrodes, whose unit cost of manufacture is low even at modest manufacturing volume.

Abstract: A system for measuring a glucose level in a blood sample includes a test strip and a meter. The test strip includes a sample chamber, a working electrode, a counter electrode, fill-detect electrodes, and an auto-on conductor. A reagent layer is disposed in the sample chamber. The auto-on conductor causes the meter to wake up and perform a test strip sequence when the test strip is inserted in the meter. The meter uses the working and counter electrodes to initially detect the blood sample in the sample chamber and uses the fill-detect electrodes to check that the blood sample has mixed with the reagent layer. The meter applies an assay voltage between the working and counter electrodes and measures the resulting current. The meter calculates the glucose level based on the measured current and calibration data saved in memory from a removable data storage device associated with the test strip.

Abstract: A strip ejection system for holding and ejecting a strip is provided. The system includes a body and a strip movement section. The strip moving section includes all elements of the system that are involved with moving the strip, including a pressing element for pressing against the strip to move the strip from a first position to a second position. The pressing element is the only element of the strip movement section that is movable relative to the body.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a sensor with opposing electrodes and test strips using this sensor. The invention can be used to measure blood or plasma coagulation in assays like prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin potential, for example, in point-of-care monitoring of anticoagulants.

Abstract: The present invention provides biosensor test devices for measuring the presence or amount of an analyte in a biological fluid. The devices have a base plate that has an electrode system embedded therein, and a hydrophilic porous material situated on the base plate. A hydrophobic protective layer is situated on the hydrophilic porous material, and a cover is placed on the hydrophobic protective layer to complete the device. Some embodiments also use an insulating layer, which can be situated between the base layer and the hydrophilic porous material. The cover of the device has an opening present therein, situated over the electrodes, so that the electrodes communicate with the exterior of the device through the groove. The insulating layer can also have a groove situated therein, which in one embodiment is placed to align with the groove in the cover. The invention also provides methods of manufacturing the devices, and methods of using them.

Abstract: A remote measurement system measures the concentrations of analytes in fluid samples. The system includes a metering device that can receive signals from a test strip or alternatively interrogate the test strip to obtain information. The test strip includes an area for receiving a fluid sample and electrochemically producing a current response that is sensed within the fluid sample. The test strip also includes an antenna and a radio frequency signal circuit for transmitting a signal indicative of the current response of a fluid sample to be analyzed. The metering device receives the signal and can convert it into a readable display in some embodiments. Remote electrochemical analysis of a fluid sample is thereby obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biosensor. The biosensor includes a support substrate, an electrically conductive coating positioned on the support substrate, the coating being formed to define electrodes and a code pattern, wherein there is sufficient contrast between the conductive coating and the substrate such that the code pattern is discernible, and a cover cooperating with the support substrate to define a channel. At least a portion of the electrodes are positioned in the channel.

Abstract: A biochemical test system, a measurement device, and a biochemical test strip are provided. The biochemical test strip includes an insulating substrate, a conductive layer, and at least one open-circuit part. The conductive layer is disposed on the insulating substrate and includes a plurality of electronic elements, wherein one end of the conductive layer is formed as a connection region. The at least one open-circuit part is disposed on at least one of the plurality of the electronic elements within the connection region. The type of the biochemical test strip is determined by the number and location of the at least one open-circuit part(s).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an analytical tool (1) comprising a substrate (10), a capillary (13) which is formed on the substrate (10) and into which a sample liquid is to be loaded by movement of the sample liquid in the capillary. The substrate (10) is provided with a liquid movement preventer for preventing the sample liquid loaded into the capillary (13) from moving further. Preferably, the liquid movement preventer includes a stepped portion (18B) projecting from the substrate or a recess provided at the substrate.

Abstract: A disposable electrochemical sensor strip is provided. The sensor strip includes an isolating sheet having at least a through hole, at least a conductive raw material mounted in the through hole, a metal film covered on the conductive raw material to form an electrode which comprises an electrode working surface for processing an electrode action, and an electrode connecting surface, at least a printed conductive film mounted on the isolating sheet and having a connecting terminal for being electrically connected to the electrode connecting surface, and a signal output terminal for outputting a measured signal produced by the electrode action.

Abstract: The present invention provides a test strip for measuring a concentration of an analyte of interest in a biological fluid, wherein the test strip may be encoded with information that can be read by a test meter into which the test strip is inserted.

Abstract: A diagnostic kit disclosed herein comprises a nanoparticle-biomaterial complex, an extraction solution, a collection electrode, and a current peak measurement unit. The nanoparticle-biomaterial complex comprises: one or more nanoparticles selected from a metal group consisting of zinc, cadmium, lead, copper, gallium, arsenic, thallium, nickel, manganese and bismuth; one or more biomaterial-binding materials binding to the nanoparticles through a binding-stabilizing agent and binding specifically to the biomaterials to be detected; and a binding-stabilizing agent forming bonds between the nanoparticles and the biomaterial-binding materials. The extraction solution serves to isolate and extract the nanoparticles from the nanoparticle-biomaterial complex. The collection electrode serves to collect the nanoparticles from the extraction solution. The current peak measurement unit serves to measure current peaks corresponding to the nanoparticles collected from the collection electrode.

Abstract: A biosensor for use in determining a concentration of a component in an aqueous liquid sample is provided including: an electrochemical cell having a first electrically resistive substrate having a thin layer of electrically conductive material, a second electrically resistive substrate having a thin layer of electrically conductive material, the substrates being disposed with the electrically conductive materials facing each other and being separated by a sheet including an aperture, the wall of which aperture defines a cell wall and a sample introduction aperture whereby the aqueous liquid sample may be introduced into the cell; and a measuring circuit.