Abstract: There is disclosed a method for decreasing catalyst coking and extending the usable catalyst life by pre-treatment of the catalyst with steam and/or a phosphorus-containing compound. Catalysts benefiting from such pre-treatment comprise crystalline zeolites characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio of at least 12 and a constraint index, as herein defined, within the approximate range of 1 to 12.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon is catalytically cracked employing a cracking catalyst contacted with a treating agent selected from germanium and germanium compounds.

Abstract: Deposits on a cracking catalyst are passivated by contacting the cracking catalyst with tin and at least one of phosphorus or sulfur.

Abstract: A novel cracking catalyst, a method of preparing same and an improved hydrocarbon cracking process are provided wherein adverse effects of metals such as nickel, vanadium, iron, copper and cobalt in the cracking catalyst are precluded or mitigated by contacting the cracking catalyst with (A) at least one of elemental antimony and compounds thereof and (B) at least one of element tin and compounds thereof whereby there is added to said catalyst a modifying amount of each of (A) and (B) with the weight ratio of antimony to tin being such as to provide passivation of the contaminating metals greater than the sum of the passivation effects of each of (A) and (B) individually. In general the ratio will be in the range of from 0.001:1 to 1000:1, and preferably will be in the range of 0.05:1 to 50:1.

Abstract: A passivation process for decreasing the poisonous effects from contamination by metals, such as vanadium, iron, nickel or copper that can occur during a catalytic conversion of a hydrocarbon feedstock containing such metals is disclosed. The process employs compositions of organic or aqueous media containing one or more, at least partially soluble species of phosphorus compounds.

Abstract: A passivation process for decreasing the poisonous effects from contamination by metals, such as vanadium, iron, nickel or copper that can occur during a catalytic conversion of a hydrocarbon feedstock containing such metals is disclosed. The process employs compositions of organic or aqueous media containing one or more, at least partially soluble species of silicon, alone or in combination with phosphorus and/or aluminum-containing materials or species.

Abstract: A passivation process for decreasing the poisonous effects from contamination by metals, such as vanadium, iron, nickel or copper that can occur during a catalytic conversion of a hydrocarbon feedstock containing such metals is disclosed. The process employs compositions of organic or aqueous media containing one or more, at least partially soluble species of both aluminum and phosphorus-containing materials or species.

Abstract: A contaminating metal on cracking catalyst used for the cracking of hydrocarbons is attenuated by contacting the catalyst with a boron compound at attenuation reaction conditions. The source of the contaminating metal may be the feedstock or residual metals resulting from the synthesis of the catalyst. The passivation is effected by impregnation with an aqueous solution of a water soluble boron compound, preferably in a separate passivation zone.

Abstract: Metals such as nickel, vanadium and iron contaminating a cracking catalyst are passivated by contacting the cracking catalyst under elevated temperature conditions with tungsten and compounds of tungsten.

Abstract: A cracking catalyst is treated with an antimony tris(dihydrocarbyl phosphite) to passivate contaminating metals whenever these metals have been deposited on the catalyst. Unused or used catalyst can be treated. A process for cracking a hydrocarbon, e.g., a petroleum oil with such a catalyst is also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel cracking catalyst, a method of preparing same, and an improved hydrocarbon cracking process are provided wherein the adverse effects of metals such as nickel, vanadium, iron, copper, and cobalt on the cracking catalyst are reduced by contacting the cracking catalyst with a sufficient amount of at least one indium modifier selected from the group consisting of elemental indium and indium compounds free of the element antimony.

Abstract: In removing sulfur oxides from flue gas in a cracking catalyst regenerator in the presence of a silica-containing particulate catalyst by reacting the sulfur oxides with alumina in a particulate solid other than the catalyst, activity loss in the alumina as a result of migration of silica from the catalyst particles to the alumina-containing particles is decreased by using alumina-containing particles which contain sodium, manganese or phosphorus.

Abstract: In removing sulfur oxides from flue gas in a cracking catalyst regenerator in the presence of a silica-containing particulate catalyst by reacting the sulfur oxides with alumina in a particulate solid other than the catalyst, activity loss in the alumina as a result of migration of silica from the catalyst particles to the alumina-containing particles is lessened by using alumina-containing particles which contain sodium, manganese or phosphorus.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon cracking catalyst is treated with a crude antimony tris(O,O-dihydrocarbyl phosphorodithioate) to passivate thereon contaminating metals, e.g., vanadium, iron and/or nickel. Used or unused catalyst can be treated.

Abstract: A process for restoring selectivity of cracking catalysts which are contaminated with metals during cracking operations which comprises contacting the catalyst with at least one boron compound for a time sufficient to restore selectivity of the catalyst.

Abstract: A catalytic hydrocracking process for a hydrocarbonaceous oil is effected by dispersing a thermally decomposable metal compound in the oil, heating the compound in the presence of a hydrogen-containing gas to form a solid, non-colloidal catalyst within the oil and reacting the oil containing the catalyst with hydrogen. Preferred thermally decomposable compound are molybdenum compounds.

Abstract: Metals such as nickel, vanadium and iron contaminating a cracking catalyst are passivated by contacting the cracking catalyst under elevated temperature conditions with antimony selenide, antimony sulfide, antimony sulfate, bismuth selenide, bismuth sulfide, or bismuth phosphate.

Abstract: A process for cracking gasoline feedstock with superior selectivity to gasoline production and greater metals tolerance wherein said gasoline feedstock is brought into contact with a fluid cracking catalyst comprising a zeolite dispersed in a magnesia-alumina-aluminum phosphate matrix, wherein said matrix has outstanding thermal stability.

Abstract: Metals such as nickel, vanadium and iron contaminating a cracking catalyst are passivated by contacting the contaminated catalyst with a passivating agent dissolved in a secondary feedstock stream having a temperature sufficiently low to avoid or minimize decomposition of the passivating agent.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon cracking catalyst is treated with a crude antimony tris-(O,O-dihydrocarbyl phosphorodithioate) to passivate thereon contaminating metals, e.g., vanadium, iron and/or nickel. Used or unused catalyst can be treated.

Abstract: A process for cracking gasoline feedstock with greater selectivity of gasoline production and greater metals tolerance wherein, said gasoline feedstock is brought into contact with a catalyst comprising a zeolite dispersed in an alumina-aluminum phosphate-silica matrix, said matrix having outstanding thermal stability.

Abstract: Prevention of detrimental effect of metals such as nickel, vanadium and iron on the activity of a cracking catalyst when used in a cracking process having essentially no hydrogen added thereto is achieved by using in the cracking process novel cracking catalyst having less than 40 weight percent zeolite content and including antimony metal or a compound of antimony prior to subjecting the cracking catalyst to hydrocarbon cracking conditions.

Abstract: Used cracking catalyst fines from a cracking process wherein antimony or a compound thereof is used as a metals passivation agent are used as an efficient passivation agent in a cracking process.

Abstract: Used cracking catalyst fines from a cracking process wherein antimony or a compound thereof is used as a metals passivation agent are used as an efficient passivation agent in a cracking process.

Abstract: Metals on a cracking catalyst are passivated by contacting the catalyst with at least one compound selected from the group of compounds having the general formula ##STR1## WHEREIN THE R groups which can be the same or different consist of hydrocarbyl radicals having 1 to about 18 carbon atoms per radical, the overall number of carbon atoms per molecule being 6 to about 90.

Abstract: A catalyst support comprised of boria and alumina is prepared by the hydrolysis of a mixture of boron alkoxide and aluminum alkoxide. The boria-alumina composition prepared in accordance with the invention can be readily formed for use as a support for catalysts useful in a number of hydrocarbon conversion processes. For example, the boria-alumina may be used as a support for various combinations of zeolite, nickel oxide and molybdenum oxide to produce a catalyst particularly useful in the hydrocracking of petroleum feedstocks.

Abstract: A combination process is provided for residua demetalation and desulfurization and resulting coke gasification which comprises contacting said residua with a porous refractory oxide in the absence of added hydrogen, at a temperature of from greater than 700.degree.F to about 1100.degree.F and a refractory oxide to oil weight ratio of from about 0.1 to about 5 to produce upgraded residua of cracking feed quality, and contacting said refractory oxide after an amount of coke has formed thereon with steam and a free oxygen containing gas in which the mole ratio of steam to oxygen is from about 3 to about 5, at a temperature of from about 1000.degree.F to about 1500.degree.F to produce producer gas and regenerated porous refractory oxide for further contacting with residua.

Abstract: Intercalation of a Lewis acid fluoride in graphite is effected in the presence of gaseous fluorine. The reaction results in new compositions useful as catalysts and as atmospheric pressure containers for normally gaseous Lewis acid fluorides.

Abstract: A catalyst support comprised of boria and alumina is prepared by the hydrolysis of a mixture of boron alkoxide and aluminum alkoxide. The boria-alumina composition prepared in accordance with the invention can be readily formed for use as a support for catalysts useful in a number of hydrocarbon conversion processes. For example, the boria-alumina may be used as a support for various combinations of zeolite, nickel oxide and molybdenum oxide to produce a catalyst particularly useful in the hydrocracking of petroleum feedstocks.

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks, such as atmospheric and vacuum residua, heavy crude oils and the like, are converted to predominantly liquid hydrocarbon products by contacting said feedstocks in the presence of hydrogen with a regenerable alkali metal carbonate molten medium containing a glass-forming oxide, such as boron oxide, at a temperature in the range of from above about the melting point of said molten medium to about 1000.degree.F. and at elevated pressures. Preferably, the regenerable molten medium comprises an oxide of boron in combination with a mixture of sodium and lithium carbonate or a mixture of sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and lithium carbonate. The carbonaceous materials (coke) which are formed in the molten medium during the above-described conversion process are gasified by contacting said carbonaceous materials with a gaseous stream containing oxygen, steam, or carbon dioxide at temperatures of from above about the melting point of said medium to about 2000.degree.F.