Abstract: The present invention relates to a heating cooker using a ceramic heating element and a manufacturing method thereof, the method comprising: a cooker body preparation step; a heating element material preparation step of preparing any one or more selected from among mill scale, steelmaking slag and magnetite (Fe3O4); an inorganic binder preparation step of preparing, as an inorganic binder, a colloidal silica sol having a colloidal silica content of 8 to 30 wt %; a mixing step of mixing 20 to 40 parts by weight of the colloidal silica sol as the inorganic binder with 100 parts by weight of the heating element material, thereby making a heating material paste; an application step of applying the heating element paste to the bottom of the cooker body; and a drying and curing step of drying and curing the heating element paste, thereby forming a solid heating element.

Abstract: The invention includes an additive for maximizing production of olefins. The additive comprises a ZSM-5 molecular sieve, at least one inorganic oxide, and phosphorus oxide. The ZSM-5 molecular sieve has iron in the framework, and the additive comprises at least 0.5 weight percent iron, as measured as iron oxide, in the molecular sieve framework. The additive is useful for maximizing production of olefins in a FCC process.

Abstract: The invention includes a fluid catalytic cracking process that comprises reacting a hydrocarbon feedstock under catalytic cracking conditions in the presence of a FCC catalyst and an additive, wherein the additive comprises a ZSM-5 molecular sieve having iron in the framework, wherein the process increases production of propylene compared to a process without using the additive. The invention also includes an additive for maximizing production of olefins, which comprises a ZSM-5 molecular sieve having iron in the framework.

Abstract: A bottoms cracking catalyst composition, comprising: about 30 to about 60 wt % alumina; greater than 0 to about 10 wt % of a dopant, measured as the oxide; about 2 to about 20 wt % reactive silica; about 3 to about 20 wt % of a component comprising peptizable boehmite, colloidal silica, aluminum chlorohydrol, or a combination of any two or more thereof; and about 10 to about 50 wt % of kaolin.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a hydroprocessing catalyst including a supporting step of allowing a catalyst support having a content of a carbonaceous substance containing carbon atoms of 0.5% by mass or less in terms of carbon atoms to support an active metal component containing at least one active metal element selected from metals belonging to Group 6, Group 8, Group 9 and Group 10 in the periodic table, to obtain a catalyst precursor, and a calcining step of calcining the catalyst precursor obtained in the supporting step to obtain the hydroprocessing catalyst.

Abstract: Described are catalyst composites containing mechanically fused components, methods of making the catalyst composites, and methods of using the catalyst composites such as in pollution abatement applications. The catalyst composites contain a core and a shell at least substantially covering the core, the shell mechanically fused to the core and comprising particles mechanically fused to each other, wherein a size ratio of the core to particles of the shell is at least about 10:1.

Abstract: Systems and methods for storing and handling slurries are provided. The surge drum system for storing a slurry can include a storage vessel having a first end, a second end, and at least one wall surrounding an internal volume between the first and second ends. The system can also include a slurry inlet and a slurry outlet, both in fluid communication with the internal volume. A recirculation inlet can be in fluid communication with the internal volume at the first end of the storage vessel. The system can also include a pump having a suction line in fluid communication with the outlet. A discharge line of the pump can be in fluid communication with an outlet valve and a recirculation valve that can be in fluid communication with the recirculation inlet.

Abstract: A catalytic cracking catalyst composition is disclosed that is suitable for reducing the sulfur content of catalytically cracking liquid products, in particularly gasoline products, produced during a catalytic cracking process. Preferably, the catalytic cracking process is a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) process. The composition comprises zeolite, zinc and at least one rare earth element having an ionic radius of less than 0.95 ? at a coordination number of 6. Preferably, zinc and the rare earth element are present as cations that have been exchanged on the zeolite. The zeolite is preferably a Y-type zeolite.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) which contains a combination of a FCC catalyst component and an additive component with certain physical properties attributed therein. The present invention is also directed to provide methods for the preparation of the catalyst for FCC. The admixture of the FCC catalyst component and additive component is used in cracking of hydrocarbon feedstock containing hydrocarbons of higher molecular weight and higher boiling point and/or olefin gasoline naphtha feedstock for producing lower yield of fuel gas with out affecting the conversion and yield of general cracking products such as gasoline, propylene and C4 olefins.

Abstract: Particulate catalytic cracking catalysts which comprise a zeolite having catalytic cracking ability under catalytic cracking conditions, added silica, a magnesium salt, an alumina containing binder, clay and optionally, a matrix material. The catalytic cracking catalyst has a high matrix surface area and is useful in a catalytic cracking process, in particularly, a fluid catalytic cracking process, to provide increased catalytic activity and improved coke and hydrogen selectivity without the need to incorporate rare earth metals.

Abstract: A rare earth free particulate catalytic cracking catalyst which comprises a zeolite having catalytic cracking ability under catalytic cracking conditions, an acidified silica sol binder, magnesium salt, clay and a matrix material. The catalytic cracking catalyst has a high matrix surface area and is useful in a catalytic cracking process, in particularly, a fluid catalytic cracking process, to provide increased catalytic activity and improved hydrogen and coke selectivity without the need to incorporate rare earth metals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to sulphur reduction catalyst additive composition comprising an inorganic porous support incorporated with metals; an alumino silicate or zeolite component; an alumina component and clay. More particularly the present invention relates to sulphur reduction catalyst additive composition comprising refinery spent catalyst as support. The primary sulphur reduction catalyst additive component of the catalyst composition contains metals of Period III or IV of the Periodic Table, preferably Zinc or Magnesium or combination thereof or one of the transition metals along with other metals.

Abstract: This invention relates to stabilized aggregates of small primary crystallites of zeolite Y that are clustered into larger secondary particles. At least 80% of the secondary particles may comprise at least 5 primary crystallites. The size of the primary crystallites may be at most about 0.5 micron, or at most about 0.3 micron, and the size of the secondary particles may be at least about 0.8 micron, or at least about 1.0 ?m. The silica to alumina ratio of the resulting stabilized aggregated Y zeolite may be 4:1 or more.

Abstract: Compositions and methods suitable for removing poisonous metals from hydrocarbons are provided. The compositions comprise hydrotalcite having one or more trapping metals dispersed on the outer surface thereof.

Abstract: The invention is a composition that is suitable for reducing sulfur species from products produced by petroleum refining processes, especially gasoline products produced by fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) processes. The composition comprises zeolite, yttrium, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of zinc, magnesium and manganese, wherein the yttrium and element are present as cations. The yttrium and zinc are preferably present as cations that have been exchanged onto the zeolite. The zeolite is preferably a zeolite Y.

Abstract: Systems and methods for producing and using one or more doped catalysts are provided. One or more coked-catalyst particles can be fluidized in the presence of one or more oxidants to provide a fluidized mixture. The coke from the one or more coked-catalyst particles can be removed to provide regenerated catalyst particles within the fluidized mixture. One or more doping agents can be distributed to the fluidized mixture, and the one or more doping agents can be deposited onto the surface of the regenerated catalyst particles to provide a regenerated, doped catalyst particle.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to certain catalyst compositions and processes that are capable of reducing sulfur compounds normally found as part of the gasoline fraction streams of fluid catalytic cracking processes. The present invention is a cracking catalyst composition comprising a zeolite in combination with a Lewis Acid containing component, wherein the cracking catalyst composition comprises 0.2% Na2O or less. It has been found that sulfur compounds in hydrocarbon feeds to fluid catalytic cracking processes can be reduced by at least 15% compared to the same composition, which does not comprise the aforementioned Lewis Acid containing component.

Abstract: Catalytic cracking processes such as fluidized catalytic cracking, naphtha cracking, and olefin cracking are catalyzed by the UZM-35 family of crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites represented by the empirical formula: Mmn+Rr+Al(1-x)ExSiyOz where M represents a combination of potassium and sodium exchangeable cations, R is a singly charged organoammonium cation such as the dimethyldipropylammonium cation and E is a framework element such as gallium. These UZM-35 zeolites are active and selective in the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A porous crystalline composition having a molar composition as follows: YO2:m X2O3:n ZO, wherein Y is a tetravalent element selected from the group consisting of silicon, germanium, tin, titanium and combinations thereof, X is a trivalent element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, boron, iron and combinations thereof, Z is a divalent element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, zinc, cobalt, manganese, nickel and combinations thereof, m is between about 0 and about 0.5, n is between about 0 and about 0.5; and the composition has an x-ray diffraction pattern which distinguishes it from the materials. A process for making the composition, and a process using the composition to treat an organic compound are also provided.

Abstract: A porous crystalline composition having a molar composition as follows: YO2:m X2O3:n ZO, wherein Y is a tetravalent element selected from the group consisting of silicon, germanium, tin, titanium and combinations thereof, X is a trivalent element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, boron, iron and combinations thereof, Z is a divalent element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, zinc, cobalt, manganese, nickel and combinations thereof, m is between about 0 and about 0.5, n is between about 0 and about 0.5; and the composition has an x-ray diffraction pattern which distinguishes it from the materials. A process for making the composition, and a process using the composition to treat an organic compound are also provided.

Abstract: Compositions and methods suitable for removing poisonous metals from hydrocarbons are provided. The compositions comprise hydrotalcite having one or more trapping metals dispersed on the outer surface thereof.

Abstract: A NOx reduction composition and process of using the composition to reduce the content of NOx emissions and gas phase reduced nitrogen species released from the regeneration zone during fluid catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon feedstock into lower molecular weight components is disclosed. The process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon feedstock during a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process wherein a regeneration zone of an fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) is operated in a partial or incomplete combustion mode under FCC conditions, with a circulating inventory of an FCC cracking catalyst and a particulate NOx reduction composition. The NOx reduction composition has a mean particle size of greater than 45 ?m and comprises (1) a zeolite component having (i) a pore size of form 2-7 A Angstroms and (ii) a SiO2 to Al2O3 molar ratio of less than 500, and (2) at least one noble metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, osmium, ruthenium, rhenium and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a new cracking process, preferably a fluid catalytic process, characterized in that it is carried out in the presence of a catalyst containing ERS-10 zeolite. The invention also relates to a new catalytic composition containing said ERS-10 zeolite, which can be used as catalyst in catalytic cracking processes, in particular in fluid catalytic cracking processes (FCC).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for catalytic cracking fluidized-bed, and the technical problems to be primarily solved by the present invention are high reaction temperature, low cryogenic activity of catalysts and worse selectivity during the preparation of ethylene-propylene by catalytically cracking naphtha. The present invention uses the composition having the chemical formula (on the basis of the atom ratio): AaBbPcOx, so as to magnificently solve said problems. The present invention therefore can be industrially used to produce ethylene and propylene by catalytically cracking naphtha.

Abstract: The invention is a composition that is suitable for reducing sulfur species from products produced by petroleum refining processes, especially gasoline products produced by fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) processes. The composition comprises zeolite, yttrium, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of zinc, magnesium and manganese, wherein the yttrium and element are present as cations. The yttrium and zinc are preferably present as cations that have been exchanged onto the zeolite. The zeolite is preferably a zeolite Y.

Abstract: Processes for producing one or more olefins are provided. In one or more embodiments, a doped catalyst can be prepared by fluidizing one or more coked-catalyst particles in the presence of one or more oxidants to provide a fluidized mixture. At least a portion of the coke can be removed from the coked-catalyst particles to provide regenerated catalyst particles. One or more doping agents can be distributed throughout the fluidized mixture, depositing on the surface of the regenerated catalyst particles to provide doped catalyst particles. One or more hydrocarbon feeds can be fluidized with the doped catalyst particles to provide a reaction mixture which can be cracked to provide a first product containing propylene, ethylene, and butane.

Abstract: Compositions for reduction of NOx generated during a catalytic cracking process, preferably, a fluid catalytic cracking process, are disclosed. The compositions comprise a fluid catalytic cracking catalyst composition, preferably containing a Y-type zeolite, and a NOx reducing zeolite having a pore size ranging from about 2 to about 7.2 Angstroms and a SiO2 to Al2O3 molar ratio of less than about 500 and being stabilized with a metal or metal ion selected from the group consisting of zinc, iron and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the NOx reducing zeolite particles are bound with an inorganic binder to form a particulate composition. In the alternative, the NOx reducing zeolite particles are incorporated into the cracking catalyst as an integral component of the catalyst.

Abstract: Provided are a catalyst for hydrocarbon steam cracking for light olefin production and a method for preparing the same. The catalyst is a simple KMgPO4 catalyst, a supported KMgPO4 catalyst, or a KMgPO4-sintered catalyst. The supported KMgPO4 catalyst is prepared by impregnating a carrier with an aqueous solution of a KMgPO4 precursor and the KMgPO4-sintered catalyst is prepared by mixing a KMgPO4 powder or a KMgPO4 precursor powder with metal oxide followed by sintering. Provided is also a method for producing light olefins such as ethylene and propylene by steam cracking in the presence of the catalyst. When the catalyst comprising KMgSO4 as a catalytic component is used in olefin production, the yield of olefins is increased and the amount of cokes deposited on the catalyst is reduced.

Abstract: The sulfur content of liquid cracking products, especially the cracked gasoline, of the catalytic cracking process is reduced by the use of a sulfur reduction catalyst composition comprising a porous molecular sieve which contains a metal in an oxidation state above zero within the interior of the pore structure of the sieve as well as a cerium component which enhances the stability and sulfur reduction activity of the catalyst. The molecular sieve is normally a faujasite such as USY. The primary sulfur reduction component is normally a metal of Period 3 of the Periodic Table, preferably vanadium. The sulfur reduction catalyst may be used in the form of a separate particle additive or as a component of an integrated cracking/sulfur reduction catalyst.

Abstract: A catalytic cracking catalyst composition is disclosed that is suitable for reducing the sulfur content of catalytically cracking liquid products, in particularly gasoline products, produced during a catalytic cracking process. Preferably, the catalytic cracking process is a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) process. The composition comprises zeolite, zinc and at least one rare earth element having an ionic radii of less than 0.95 ? at a coordination number of 6. Preferably, zinc and the rare earth element are present as cations that have been exchanged on the zeolite. The zeolite is preferably a Y-type zeolite.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing light olefins from hydrocarbon feedstock. The process is characterized in that a porous molecular sieve catalyst consisting of a product obtained by evaporating water from a raw material mixture comprising a molecular sieve with a framework of Si—OH—Al— groups, a water-insoluble metal salt, and a phosphate compound, is used to produce light olefins, particularly ethylene and propylene, from hydrocarbon, while maintaining excellent selectivity to light olefins. According to the process, by the use of a specific catalyst with hydrothermal stability, light olefins can be selectively produced in high yield with high selectivity from hydrocarbon feedstock, particularly full-range naphtha. In particular, the process can maintain higher cracking activity than the reaction temperature required in the prior thermal cracking process for the production of light olefins, and thus, can produce light olefins with high selectivity and conversion from hydrocarbon feedstock.

Abstract: Compositions for reduction of NOx generated during a catalytic cracking process, preferably, a fluid catalytic cracking process, are disclosed. The compositions comprise a fluid catalytic cracking catalyst composition, preferably containing a Y-type zeolite, and a particulate NOx composition containing particles of a zeolite having a pore size ranging from about 3 to about 7.2 Angstroms and a SiO2 to Al2O3 molar ratio of less than about 500. Preferably, the NOx reduction composition contains NOx reduction zeolite particles bound with an inorganic binder. In the alternative, the NOx reduction zeolite particles are incorporated into the cracking catalyst as an integral component of the catalyst. Compositions in accordance with the invention are very effective for the reduction of NOx emissions released from the regenerator of a fluid catalytic cracking unit operating under FCC process conditions without a substantial change in conversion or yield of cracked products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for catalytic cracking fluidized-bed, and the technical problems to be primarily solved by the present invention are high reaction temperature, low cryogenic activity of catalysts and worse selectivity during the preparation of ethylene-propylene by catalytically cracking naphtha. The present invention uses the composition having the chemical formula (on the basis of the atom ratio): AaBbPcOx, so as to magnificently solve said problems. The present invention therefore can be industrially used to produce ethylene and propylene by catalytically cracking naphtha.

Abstract: Novel compositions of matter comprising a cationic layered material and a second compound. The second compound has a reflection in its XRD pattern at 18.5 degrees two-theta, and s second reflection at 29 degrees two-theta. The composition of matter may be used in hydrocarbon conversion, purification, and synthesis processes, such as fluid catalytic cracking and hydroprocessing. The materials are especially suitable for the reduction of SOx and NOx emissions and the reduction of the sulfur and nitrogen content in fuels like gasoline and diesel.

Abstract: A Composition comprising one or more metal hydroxy salts and a matrix, binder or carrier material, wherein the metal hydroxy salt is a compound comprising (a) as metal either (i) one or more divalent metals, at least one of them being selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Ca, Zn, Mg, Fe, and Mn, or (ii) one or more trivalent metal(s), (b) framework hydroxide, and (c) a replaceable anion. This composition has various catalytic applications.

Abstract: A composition comprising FCC catalyst particles and additive particles suitable for the reduction of NOx emissions from a FCC regenerator, said additive particles comprising a Mg and Al-containing anionic clay or solid solution, a rare earth metal oxide, alumina and/or silica-alumina, and Y-type zeolite. The invention further relates to a process for preparing such a composition and its use for reducing NOx emissions.

Abstract: Production of diesel oil from hydrocarbon-containing residues in an oil circuit with solids separation and product distillation for the diesel product with energy input by means of pumps and counterrotating agitators and by the use of fully crystallized catalysts of potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium-aluminum silicates, where all surfaces are cleaned continuously by the agitator mechanisms.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for cracking hydrocarbon oils. The process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon oil with a catalyst that has been contacted with an atmosphere containing a reducing gas, separating cracked products and the catalyst, and regenerating the catalyst. The catalyst is a cracking catalyst containing a metal component, or a catalyst mixture of a cracking catalyst containing a metal component and a cracking catalyst free of metal component. The catalyst is contacted with the atmosphere containing a reducing gas at a temperature of 100 to 900° C. for at least 1 second, and the amount of the atmosphere containing a reducing gas is not less than 0.03 cubic meters of reducing gas per ton of the cracking catalyst containing a metal component per minute, at a pressure of 0.1-0.5 MPa in the reduction reactor. The process has enhanced capability for desulfurizing and cracking heavy oils.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for mitigating the deleterious effect of at least one metal on an FCC catalyst. This objective is achieved by using a mixed metal oxide compound comprising magnesium and aluminum, that has not been derived from a hydrotalcite compound, and having an X-ray diffraction pattern displaying at least a reflection at a two theta peak position at about 43 degrees and about 62 degrees, wherein the ratio of magnesium to aluminum in the compound is from about 0.6:1 to about 10:1. In one embodiment, the ratio of magnesium to aluminum in the compound is from about 1:1 to about 6:1. In one embodiment, the ratio of magnesium to aluminum in the compound is from about 1.5:1 to about 10:1. In another embodiment, the invention is directed to methods wherein the ratio of magnesium to aluminum in the compound is from about 1.5:1 to about 6:1.

Abstract: The invention is a composition that is suitable for reducing sulfur species from products produced by petroleum refining processes, especially gasoline products produced by fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) processes. The composition comprises zeolite, yttrium, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of zinc, magnesium and manganese, wherein the yttrium and element are present as cations. The yttrium and zinc are preferably present as cations that have been exchanged onto the zeolite. The zeolite is preferably a zeolite Y.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for mitigating the deleterious effect of at least one metal on an FCC catalyst. This objective is achieved by using a mixed metal oxide compound comprising magnesium and aluminum, that has not been derived from a hydrotalcite compound, and having an X-ray diffraction pattern displaying at least a reflection at a two theta peak position at about 43 degrees and about 62 degrees, wherein the ratio of magnesium to aluminum in the compound is from about 0.6:1 to about 10:1. In one embodiment, the ratio of magnesium to aluminum in the compound is from about 1:1 to about 6:1. In one embodiment, the ratio of magnesium to aluminum in the compound is from about 1.5:1 to about 10:1. In another embodiment, the invention is directed to methods wherein the ratio of magnesium to aluminum in the compound is from about 1.5:1 to about 6:1.

Abstract: A novel process for cracking olefins including contacting a hydrocarbon oil with a catalyst in a riser reactor having multiple reaction zones under cracking reaction conditions; separating reaction products and the catalyst; regenerating at least a part of spent catalyst obtained, contacting a part of the regenerated catalyst with the hydrocarbon in the first reaction zone; contacting the other part of the spent catalyst and/or regenerated catalyst in at least one reaction zone after the first reaction zone with the products obtained in previous reaction zones.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for removing sulfur, including cyclic and polycyclic organic sulfur components such as thiophenes and benzothiophenes, from a hydrocarbon feedstock including fuels and fuel components. The feedstock is contacted with a regenerable sorbent material capable of selectively adsorbing the sulfur compounds present in the hydrocarbon feedstock in the absence of a hydrodesulfurization catalyst. In one embodiment, the sorbent can be an active metal oxide sulfur sorbent in combination with a refractory inorganic oxide cracking catalyst support. In another embodiment, the sorbent can be a metal-substituted refractory inorganic oxide cracking catalyst wherein the metal is a metal which is capable in its oxide form, of adsorption of reduced sulfur compounds by conversion of the metal oxide to a metal sulfide. The processes are preferably carried out in a transport bed reactor.

Abstract: A catalyst system and process for combined cracking and selective hydrogen combustion of hydrocarbons are disclosed. The catalyst comprises (1) at least one solid acid component, (2) at least one metal-based component comprised of one or more elements from Group 3 and one or more elements from Groups 4–15 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; and at least one of oxygen and sulfur, wherein the elements from Groups 3, Groups 4–15 and the at least one of oxygen and sulfur are chemically bound both within and between the groups and (3) at least one of at least one support, at least one filler and at least one binder. The process is such that the yield of hydrogen is less than the yield of hydrogen when contacting the hydrocarbons with the solid acid component alone.

Abstract: A catalyst system and process for combined cracking and selective hydrogen combustion of hydrocarbons are disclosed. The catalyst comprises (1) at least one solid acid component, (2) at least one metal-based component comprised of one or more elements from Groups 1 and 2; one or more elements from Group 3; one or more elements from Groups 4–15 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; and at least one of oxygen and sulfur and (3) at least one of at least one support, at least one filler and at least one binder. The process is such that the yield of hydrogen is less than the yield of hydrogen when contacting the hydrocarbons with the solid acid component alone.

Abstract: Cationic layered materials, a process for their preparation and their use in hydrocarbon conversion, purification, and synthesis processes, such as fluid catalytic cracking. Cationic layered materials are especially suitable for the reduction of SOx and NOx emissions and the reduction of the sulfur and nitrogen content in fuels like gasoline and diesel. The new preparation process avoids the use of metal salts and does not require the formation of anionic clay as an intermediate.

Abstract: The sulfur content of liquid cracking products, especially the cracked gasoline, of the catalytic cracking process is reduced by the use of a sulfur reduction catalyst composition comprising a porous molecular sieve which contains a metal in an oxidation state above zero within the interior of the pore structure of the sieve as well as a cerium component which enhances the stability and sulfur reduction activity of the catalyst. The molecular sieve is normally a faujasite such as USY. The primary sulfur reduction component is normally a metal of Period 3 of the Periodic Table, preferably vanadium. The sulfur reduction catalyst may be used in the form of a separate particle additive or as a component of an integrated cracking/sulfur reduction catalyst.

Abstract: Compositions comprising a component containing (i) an acidic oxide support, (ii) an alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal or mixtures thereof, (iii) a transition metal oxide having oxygen storage capability, and (iv) palladium promote CO combustion in FCC processes while minimizing the formation of NOx. The acidic oxide support preferably contains silica alumina. Ceria is the preferred oxygen storage oxide.

Abstract: The sulfur content of liquid cracking products, especially the cracked gasoline, of the catalytic cracking process is reduced by the use of a sulfur reduction additive comprising a porous molecular sieve which contains a metal in an oxidation state above zero within the interior of the pore structure of the sieve. The molecular sieve is normally a large pore size zeolite such as USY or zeolite beta or an intermediate pore size zeolite such as ZSM-5. The metal is normally a metal of Period 4 of the Periodic Table, preferably zinc or vanadium. The sulfur reduction catalyst may be used in the form of a separate particle additive or as a component of an integrated cracking/sulfur reduction catalyst.

Abstract: The sulfur content of liquid cracking products, especially the cracked gasoline, of the catalytic cracking process is reduced by the use of a sulfur reduction catalyst composition comprising a porous molecular sieve which contains a metal in an oxidation state above zero within the interior of the pore structure of the sieve as well as a rare earth component which enhances the cracking activity of the cracking catalyst. The molecular sieve is normally a faujasite such as USY. The primary sulfur reduction component is normally a metal of Period 4 of the Periodic Table, preferably vanadium. The rare earth component preferably includes cerium which enhances the sulfur reduction activity of the catalyst. The sulfur reduction catalyst may be used in the form of a separate particle additive or as a component of an integrated cracking/sulfur reduction catalyst.