Abstract: A startup method for a catalytic reforming process wherein the catalyst is maintained in a bed is provided in which a catalyst comprising an iridium component and at least one additional metal component such as a platinum group metal component is reduced, sulfided and contacted with hydrogen at specified conditions whereby the sulfur is distributed uniformly throughout the catalyst bed prior to contacting the catalyst with the hydrocarbon feed.

Abstract: Dehydrocyclizable hydrocarbons are converted to aromatics by contacting them at hydrocarbon dehydrocyclization conditions with a superactive acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a catalytically effective amount of a halogen component and a uniform dispersion of a catalytically effective amount of a platinum group component which is maintained in the elemental metallic state. The platinum group, pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % rhenium, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Catalyst, particularly useful in catalytic reforming and for producing highly pure aromatic hydrocarbons, comprising an alumina carrier and containing, expressed in proportion of the weight of the alumina carrier:0.005 to 1% of platinum0.01 to 4% of gallium, indium or thallium0.01 to 2% of tungsten, and0.1 to 10% of halogen.

Abstract: Process for reforming hydrocarbons or producing aromatic hydrocarbons under severe operating conditions, in the presence of a catalyst comprising an alumina carrier and, expressed by weight with respect to alumina:(a) from 0.05 to 0.6% of platinum(b) from 0.01 to 2% of rhenium(c) from 0.05 to 3% of thallium or indium, and(d) from 0.1 to 10% of a halogen.

Abstract: The improvement of the preferred Pt-Sn on alumina bimetallic catalyst (and similar catalysts) for hydrotreatment of hydrocarbons, comprising the catalyst further containing silicon in combined form.

Abstract: A process for desensitizing a hypersensitive, high activity reforming catalyst for suppression of hydrogenolysis which is particularly acute during the early portion of the period that the catalyst is placed on stream, i.e., at the startup of a reactor. The catalyst is constituted of a composite which includes a Group VIII noble metal hydrogenation-dehydrogenation component, notably platinum, and iridium or rhenium, or both, selenium, and sulfurous acid or sulfuric acid, or both. Hydrogenolysis is suppressed by use of the catalyst during reforming.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a novel superactive multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a reduced combination of a catalytically effective amount of an adsorbed rhenium-oxygen complex with a porous carrier material containing a catalytically effective amount of a conventional rhenium component and a uniform dispersion of a catalytically effective amount of a platinum group component which is maintained in the elemental metallic state during the adsorption and reduction of the rhenium-oxygen complex. A key feature associated with the preparation of the subject catalytic composite is reaction of a rhenium-oxygen complex with a porous carrier material containing a conventional rhenium component and a uniform dispersion of a platinum group component maintained in the elemental state, whereby the interaction of the rhenium-oxygen complex with the platinum group metal moiety is maximized due to the platinophilic (i.e.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a novel superactive multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a catalytically effective amount of a conventional rhenium component and a uniform dispersion of a catalytically effective amount of a platinum group component, which is maintained in the elemental metallic state during the incorporation of the rhenium carbonyl component. A key feature associated with the preparation of the subject catalytic composite is reaction of a rhenium carbonyl complex with a porous carrier material containing a conventional rhenium component and a uniform dispersion of a platinum group metal maintained in the elemental state, whereby the interaction of the rhenium carbonyl complex with the platinum group moiety is maximized due to the platinophilic (i.e.

Abstract: Dehydrocyclizable hydrocarbons are converted to aromatics by contacting them at hydrocarbon dehydrocyclization conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a nickel component, a lanthanide series component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group, nickel, lanthanide series and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % nickel, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % lanthanide series metal, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a nickel component, a cadmium component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group, nickel, cadmium, and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % nickel, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % cadmium, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Dehydrocyclizable hydrocarbons are converted to aromatics by contacting them at dehydrocyclization conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a cobalt component, a uranium component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group, cobalt, uranium and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, about 0.1 to about 10 wt. % uranium, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a novel sulfided and attenuated superactive multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a sulfided combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, which is maintained in the elemental metallic state during the incorporation of the rhenium carbonyl component, and of a zinc component. A specific example of the type of hydrocarbon conversion process disclosed herein is a process for the catalytic reforming of a low octane gasoline fraction wherein the gasoline fraction and a hydrogen stream are contacted with the subject sulfided and attenuated superactive multimetallic catalytic composite at reforming conditions.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a novel attenuated superactive multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of a catalytically effective amount of a platinum group component, which is maintained in the elemental metallic state, and of a silver component. In a highly preferred embodiment, this novel catalytic composite also contains a catalytically effective amount of a halogen component. A specific example of the type of hydrocarbon conversion process disclosed herein is a process for the catalytic reforming of a low octane gasoline fraction wherein the gasoline fraction and a hydrogen stream are contacted with this attenuated superactive multimetallic catalytic composite at reforming conditions.

Abstract: Dehydrocyclizable hydrocarbons are converted to aromatics by contacting them at hydrocarbon dehydrocyclization conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a cobalt component, a zinc component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group, cobalt, zinc and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % zinc, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Aromatic hydrocarbons of high purity are produced from saturated or unsaturated gasolines and hydrogen in the presence of a new catalyst containing alumina, platinum, at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iridium, rhodium and palladium and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of copper, silver and gold.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a cobalt component, a tantalum component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group, cobalt, tantalum, and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % tantalum, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a novel attenuated superactive multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of a catalytically effective amount of a platinum group component, which is maintained in the elemental metallic state during the incorporation of the rhenium carbonyl component, and of a zirconium component. In a highly preferred embodiment, this novel catalytic composite also contains a catalytically effective amount of a halogen component. The platinum group component, pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component, zirconium component and optional halogen component are preferably present in the multimetallic catalytic composite in amounts, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % rhenium, about 0.

Abstract: Dehydrogenatable hydrocarbons are dehydrogenated by contacting them, at dehydrogenation conditions, with a nonacidic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a rhenium component, a cobalt component, a germanium component, and an alkali or alkaline earth component with a porous carrier material in amounts sufficient to result in a composite containing about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % rhenium, about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, about 0.001 to about 1 wt. % germanium and about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % alkali metal or alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon hydroconversion, especially hydrocarbon reforming, using catalysts whose supports have been prepared by a sol-gel process. For hydrocarbon reforming, it is preferred that the primary particles used to prepare the porous gel should have been prepared by a vapor phase condensation method, for example flame hydrolysis and that the support should have a narrow pore size distribution. The process produces much less gas by hydrocracking at given aromatics yields than comparative processes using conventional catalysts.

Abstract: Paraffinic, olefinic and naphthenic hydrocarbons are converted to aromatic hydrocarbons by contacting the same at elevated temperatures with a catalyst comprising an alumina-supported composite of platinum, chlorine and a minor proportion of cesium, with or without other added metals such as iridium, rhodium, rhenium and the like.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a novel attenuated superactive multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of a catalytically effective amount of a platinum group component, which is maintained in the elemental metallic state, and of a cadmium component. In a highly preferred embodiment, this novel catalytic composite also contains a catalytically effective amount of a halogen component. The platinum group component, pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component, cadmium component and optional halogen component are preferably present in the multimetallic catalytic composite in amounts, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % rhenium, about 0.01 to about 5% cadmium and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: A process for the redispersal or dispersal of a platinum group metal in a catalyst comprising an oxidized platinum group metal component and a refactory inorganic support comprises the steps of treating the oxidized catalyst with a stream of inert gas containing a sulphiding agent and reducing the sulphided catalyst in a stream of hydrogen-containing gas at a temperature in the range 200.degree. to 600.degree. C. to give a maximum catalyst temperature of 550.degree. C.

Abstract: Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites are mixed with conventional reforming catalysts to produce new catalytic compositions with high catalytic activity and selectivity and excellent aging characteristics. These new catalytic compositions may be utilized alone or in conjunction with conventional reforming catalysts. The acidic activity of the total catalyst system is controlled within defined limits. When so controlled the utility of these catalyst systems in reforming hydrocarbon mixtures is to reduce the C.sub.1 and C.sub.2 concentrations in reformer gas product, while increasing the C.sub.3 and C.sub.4 concentrations and maintaining high liquid yield at high octane numbers.

Abstract: Paraffinic, olefinic and naphthenic hydrocarbons are converted to aromatic hydrocarbons by contacting the same at elevated temperatures with a catalyst comprising an alumina-supported composite of platinum, chlorine and a minor proportion of cesium, with or without other added metals such as iridium, rhodium, rhenium and the like.

Abstract: In a reforming process wherein a feed naphtha is reformed, with hydrogen, over a reforming catalyst in a process unit, the improvement comprising the addition of infinitesimal, or small amounts of water or hydrogen halide, or both, or substance which can produce in situ water or hydrogen halide, or both, during the reforming operation to displace previously adsorbed sulfur, or to suppress the adsorption of sulfur by the catalyst to control the amount of sulfur added to the catalyst to a minimum effective level. It has been found, in the sequence of regeneration and reactivation, that the ability of a catalyst to operate in a hydrogenolysis mode can be effectively suppressed after the freshly prepared catalyst has been regenerated, and reactivated several times, generally above five times or more, by presulfiding the catalyst by the addition of a minimal amount of sulfur, preferably a maximum of about 0.01 weight percent sulfur on the catalyst.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a nickel component, a zinc component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group, zinc, nickel, and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % zinc, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % nickel, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon conversion processes wherein hydrocarbon feedstreams are contacted with heteronuclear noble metal catalysts are improved by the use of supported heteronuclear noble metal cluster catalysts prepared from novel supported heteronuclear noble metal cluster complexes. The heteronuclear noble metal cluster complexes used as catalyst precursors are selected from the group consisting of(pyridine).sub.2 Pt[Ir.sub.6 (CO).sub.15 ],(pyridine).sub.2 Pt[Ir.sub.2 (CO).sub.7 ],((C.sub.6 H.sub.5).sub.3 P).sub.2 Pt[IR(CO).sub.3 P(C.sub.6 H.sub.5).sub.3 ].sub.2,(pyridine).sub.2 Pt[Ru.sub.3 (CO).sub.12 ]((C.sub.6 H.sub.5).sub.3 P).sub.2 Rh(CO)[Ir(CO).sub.4 ],(pyridine).sub.2 Pt[Rh(CO).sub.2 (P(C.sub.6 H.sub.5).sub.3).sub.2 ].sub.2.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a novel attenuated superactive multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of a catalytically effective amount of a platinum group component, which is maintained in the elemental metallic state, and of a manganese component. In a highly preferred embodiment, this novel catalytic composite also contains a catalytically effective amount of a halogen component. A specific example of the type of hydrocarbon conversion process disclosed herein is a process for the catalytic reforming of a low octane gasoline fraction wherein the gasoline fraction and a hydrogen stream are contacted with the subject superactive multimetallic catalytic composite at reforming conditions.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a novel activated multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed ruthenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of a catalytically effective amount of a platinum group component which is maintained in the elemental metallic state. In a highly preferred embodiment, this novel catalytic composite also contains a catalytically effective amount of a halogen component. The platinum group component, pyrolyzed ruthenium carbonyl component and optional halogen component are preferably present in the multimetallic catalytic composite in amounts, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of the uniformly dispersed platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of carbonyl-derived ruthenium and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % of halogen.

Abstract: A straight-run naphtha is fractionated into a light naphtha fraction and a heavy naptha fraction containing methylcyclopentane and heavier hydrocarbons. The heavy fraction is reformed and the C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 paraffin portion of the reformate combined with the light naphtha fraction for isomerization. The heavy reformate is converted over a ZSM-5-type catalyst to produce a product enriched in aromatics which may be sent for BTX recovery or to a gasoline pool as a high-octane gasoline blending stock.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum or palladium component, an iridium component, a cobalt component, a Group IVA metallic component and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum or palladium iridium, cobalt, Group IVA metallic and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts, respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum or palladium, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % iridium, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % Group IVA metal and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a nickel component, a uranium component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group, uranium, nickel, and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.1 to about 10 wt. % uranium, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % nickel, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a zinc component, a cobalt component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group, zinc, cobalt, and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % zinc, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a selective sulfided acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a sulfided rhenium component and a halogen component with a porous carrier material formed from Ziegler alumina. The platinum group component, sulfided rhenium component and halogen component are present in the multimetallic catalytic composite in an amount, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % rhenium, about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen and sulfur in an amount at least sufficient to provide an atomic ratio of sulfur to rhenium of at least about 0.5:1.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of a dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon is disclosed. The hydrocarbon is passed in contact with a germanium-promoted platinum group metal catalyst at dehydrogenation reaction conditions, said catalyst having been prepared by impregnating a porous high surface area carrier material with a non-aqueous solution of a platinum group metal and a halo-substituted germane containing less than about 4 halo substituents, and drying, calcining and reducing the impregnated carrier material.

Abstract: Dehydrocyclizable hydrocarbons are converted to aromatics by contacting them at dehydrocyclization conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a cobalt component, a cadmium component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group, cobalt, cadmium and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % cadmium, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a novel attenuated superactive multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, which is maintained in the elemental metallic state, and of an indium component. In a highly preferred embodiment, this novel catalytic composite also contains a catalytically effective amount of a halogen component. The platinum group component, pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component, indium component and optional halogen component are preferably present in the multimetallic catalytic composite in amounts, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt.% platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt.% rhenium, about 0.01 to about 5% indium and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt.% halogen.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of highly aromatic reformates in high yield from a naphtha feed fraction by high-severity catalytic reforming using a reforming catalyst which includes a hydrocracking promotor metal. The process comprises reforming the stock under conditions of high severity in a plurality of sequentially arranged reaction zones in which the concentration of the hydrocracking promotor metal of the reforming catalyst is adjusted to provide a minimal hydrocracking activity relative to the other reforming reactions to the catalyst in the first reaction zones, and an enhanced hydrocracking activity to the catalyst in the last reaction zones. The reformates produced according to this process are particularly useful in the blending of high aromatic content gasoline and/or in the production of high purity aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of highly aromatic reformates, having a minimum of nonaromatic material, in high yield from a naphtha feed fraction by high-severity catalytic reforming, using a halogen-promoted reforming catalyst. The process comprises reforming the naphtha feed under reforming conditions of high severity in a plurality of sequentially arranged reaction zones in which the concentration of the halogen component of the reforming catalyst is adjusted to provide a minimal hydrocracking activity relative to the other reforming reactions to the catalyst in the first reaction zones, and an enhanced hydrocracking activity to the catalyst in the last reaction zones. The reformates produced according to this process are particularly useful in the blending of high aromatic content gasolines and/or in the production of high purity aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: This invention relates to improvements in a process for treating a catalyst, or bed of catalyst, comprised of a composite of an iridium metal or admixture of said metal with other metals, particularly platinum, or admixtures of iridium and platinum with other metals, halogen, and a refractory porous inorganic oxide, notably alumina which has been deactivated by coke deposition thereon, as commonly occurs in a hydroconversion reactions, notably as in upgrading virgin or cracked naphthas in catalytic reforming to produce higher octane products. The time required for reactivation of such catalyst can be shortened by deliberate agglomeration of the iridium, or admixture of iridium and other metal hydrogenation-dehydrogenation components, above about seventy percent, and preferably by essentially complete agglomeration of the iridium, or admixture of iridium and other metal hydrogenation-dehydrogenation components, prior to one or more cycles of sequential reduction/halogenation treatments.

Abstract: Catalytic process for reforming or production of aromatic hydrocarbons at a temperature from 480.degree. to 600.degree. C., wherein a charge of hydrocarbons and hydrogen is passed through two reaction zones, of the moving bed type, whose catalyst continuously flows downwardly and is withdrawn at the bottom thereof, is regenerated, treated with hydrogen and then with a sulfur compound, at respective temperatures lower than the reaction temperature, and thereafter fed back continuously to the reaction zone.

Abstract: A process for desensitizing a hypersensitive, high activity reforming catalyst for suppression of hydrogenolysis which is particularly acute during the early portion of the period that the catalyst is placed on stream, i.e., at the startup of a reactor. The catalyst is constituted of a composite which includes a Group VIII noble metal hydrogenation-dehydrogenation component, notably platinum, iridium or rhenium, and a sulfurous acid or sulfuric acid component. Hydrogenolysis is suppressed by incorporating within such reforming catalyst at the time of its preparation a sulfurous acid or sulfuric acid component.

Abstract: A process for desensitizing a hypersensitive, high activity reforming catalyst for suppression of hydrogenolysis which is particularly acute during the early portion of the period that the catalyst is placed on stream, i.e., at the startup of a reactor. The catalyst is constituted of a composite which includes a Group VIII noble metal hydrogenation-dehydrogenation component, notably platinum, iridium or rhenium, and tellurium. Hydrogenolysis is suppressed by incorporating within such reforming catalyst at the time of its preparation an element, or a compound or salt of tellurium.

Abstract: A process for desensitizing a hypersensitive, high activity reforming catalyst for suppression of hydrogenolysis which is particularly acute during the early portion of the period that the catalyst is placed on stream, i.e., at the startup of a reactor. The catalyst is constituted of a composite which includes a Group VIII noble metal hydrogenation-dehydrogenation component, notably platinum, iridium, and selenium. Hydrogenolysis is suppressed by incorporating within such reforming catalyst at the time of its preparation an element, or a compound or salt of selenium.

Abstract: A multiple-stage catalytic conversion system in which a hydrocarbonaceous charge stock and hydrogen flow serially through a plurality of catalytic reaction zones in each of which the catalyst particles are movable via gravity-flow. Dissimilar catalyst particles are utilized in the reactor systems which share a common regenerating tower through which the catalyst particles are also downwardly movable via gravity-flow. Dissimilarity of the catalyst particles stems from a difference in activity and stability characteristics. In turn, this difference may be attributed either to physical, or chemical changes between the two composites, or both.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a nickel component, a cobalt component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. A preferred modifying component for the disclosed catalytic composite is a Group IVA metallic component. The platinum group, nickel, cobalt and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts, respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 2.5 wt. % nickel, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: A multiple-stage catalytic conversion system in which a hydrocarbonaceous charge stock and hydrogen flow serially through a plurality of catalytic reaction zones in each of which the catalyst particles are downwardly movable via gravity-flow. Dissimilar catalyst particles are utilized in the reactor systems, each of which is integrated with separate regenerating towers through which the catalyst particles are also downwardly movable via gravity-flow. Dissimilarity of the catalysts stems from a difference in activity and stability characteristics. In turn, this difference may be attributed either to physical, or chemical changes between the two composites, or a combination of both.

Abstract: A process for reforming naphtha, with hydrogen, in a cyclic reforming unit which contains a plurality of catalyst-containing on-stream reactors in series, and a catalyst-containing swing reactor manifolded therewith which can be periodically placed in series and substituted for an on-stream reactor while the latter is removed from series for regeneration and reactivation of the catalyst contained therein. In the process, the ability of a catalyst to operate in a hydrogenolysis mode and effect sulfur release can be effectively suppressed after the freshly prepared catalyst has been regenerated, and reactivated several times, generally about five times or more, by the addition thereto of sufficient sulfur to maintain an equilibrium amount of sulfur on the catalyst, preferably a maximum of about 0.01 weight percent sulfur.

Abstract: A catalyst composition, and process, useful in reforming a hydrocarbon feed at reforming conditions without excessive hydrogenolysis, a phenomenon which is normally particularly acute during the startup of a reactor. The catalyst is constituted of a composite which includes a Group VIII noble metal hydrogenation-dehydrogenation component, notably platinum, iridium, and selenium. Hydrogenolysis is suppressed, and significantly greater yields of higher octane C.sub.5 + liquid product are obtained by contact of the selenium promoted iridium-containing catalyst with oxygen prior to contact of the catalyst with a hydrocarbon fraction at reforming conditions. Suitably, the oxygen pretreatment is conducted by contact of the catalyst with an oxygen containing gas at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a novel superactive multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of a catalytically effective amount of a platinum group component which is maintained in the elemental metallic state. In a highly preferred embodiment, this novel catalytic composite also contains a catalytically effective amount of a halogen component. The platinum group component, pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component and optional halogen component are preferably present in the multimetallic catalytic composite in amounts, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to abour 5 wt. % rhenium and about 0.1 to about 3,5 wt. % halogen.