Abstract: A process wherein a bed of catalyst comprised of platinum and iridium is contacted and pretreated at elevated temperature in a zone, prior to the introduction and contact of the catalyst with feed, with hydrogen, water, halogen, suitably chlorine or hydrogen chloride, or both, and hydrogen sulfide. The bed of catalyst is treated up to, but not significantly beyond the point of breakthrough of hydrogen sulfide from the bed. In its preferred aspects, a bed of fresh or regenerated, reactivated catalyst is wetted with water and an admixture of hydrogen and halogen, preferably hydrogen chloride, saturated or near-saturated with water, is passed through the catalyst bed until the time that the bed has adsorbed, absorbed or has otherwise taken up these components, and they begin to appear in the exit gas. On breakthrough of the hydrogen chloride, the introduction of the hydrogen sulfide gas is continued to breakthrough from the exit side of the bed.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a novel attenuated superative multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, which is maintained in the elemental metallic state, and of a tantalum component. In a highly preferred embodiment, this novel catalytic composite also contains a catalytically effective amount of a halogen component. The platinum group component, pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component, tantalum component and optional halogen component are preferably present in the multimetallic catalytic composite in amounts, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % rhenium, about 0.01 to about 5 % tantalum and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: The improvment of the preferred Pt-Sn on alumina bimetallic catalyst (and similar catalysts) for hydrotreatment of hydrocarbons, comprising the catalyst further containing silicon in combined form.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a novel activated and attenuated multi-metallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed ruthenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of a catalytically effective amount of a platinum group component which is maintained in the elemental metallic state and of a zinc component. In a highly preferred embodiment, this novel catalytic composite also contains a catalytically effective amount of a halogen component. The platinum group component, pyrolyzed ruthenium carbonyl component, zinc component and optional halogen component are preferably present in the multimetallic catalytic composite in amounts, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of the uniformly dispersed platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of carbonyl-derived ruthenium, about 0.01 to about 5 wt.

Abstract: An improved hydrocarbon reforming process involves contacting hydrocarbon feed comprising benzene and toluene precursors in at least two reaction zones which include a platinum group metal-containing catalyst. Improved yields of benzene are obtained provided that the inlet temperature of each succeeding reaction zone is increased relative to the inlet temperature of the immediately preceding reaction zone. Also, improved benzene yields are obtained by providing a limited water concentration in at least one of the reaction zones. Further, improved toluene yields are obtained by operating at least one of the reaction zones at substantially anhydrous conditions.

Abstract: An improved process minimizing the detrimental effects caused by inadvertently contacting a high sulfur, high water-containing hydrocarbon feedstock with a platinum group metal, halogen-containing catalyst is disclosed. The present process involves discontinuing the high sulfur, high water-containing feedstock-catalyst contacting while passing hydrogen over the catalyst. The catalyst halogen concentration is maintained or increased by the addition of halogen component, for example, during the hydrogen pass through. Once the sulfur contamination has been removed from the catalyst, normal hydrocarbon reforming is resumed.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a novel activated multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhodium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of a catalytically effective amount of a platinum group component which is maintained in the elemental metallic state. In a highly preferred embodiment, this novel catalytic composite also contains a catalytically effective amount of a halogen component. The platinum group component, pyrolyzed rhodium carbonyl component and optional halogen component are preferably present in the multimetallic catalytic composite in amounts, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of the uniformly dispersed platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % of carbonyl-derived rhodium and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % of halogen.

Abstract: The processes of the present invention employ catalysts in the hydrotreatment of hydrocarbons and comprise, on a refractory inorganic oxide support, the following metals:(a) from 0.02 to 2% of at least one platinum metal;(b) from 0.02 to 2% of at least one metal belonging to the group consisting of zirconium, titanium, and tungsten;(c) from 0.02 to 2% tin.This catalyst is preferably halogenated, typically with chlorine, from 0.4 to 2%.The preferred process according to this invention is the isomerization of a charge of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons, and particularly those having eight carbon atoms. The preferred isomerization catalyst is a platinum, tin and zirconium trimetallic catalyst halogenated with chlorine approximately from 1 to 2% based on the total catalyst weight.

Abstract: A process for desensitizing a hypersensitive, high activity reforming catalyst for suppression of hydrogenolysis which is particularly acute during the early portion of the period that the catalyst is placed on stream, i.e., at the startup of a reactor. The catalyst is constituted of a composite which includes a Group VIII noble metal hydrogenation-dehydrogenation component, notably platinum, iridium, and selenium. Hydrogenolysis is supressed by incorporating within such reforming catalyst at the time of its preparation an element, or a compound or salt of selenium.

Abstract: A process for desensitizing a hypersensitive, high activity reforming catalyst for suppression of hydrogenolysis which is particularly acute during the early portion of the period that the catalyst is placed on stream, i.e., at the startup of a reactor. The catalyst is constituted of a composite which includes a Group VIII noble metal hydrogenation-dehydrogenation component, notably platinum, iridium or rhenium, and tellurium. Hydrogenolysis is suppressed by incorporating within such reforming catalyst at the time of its preparation an element, or a compound or salt of tellurium.

Abstract: Isomerizable hydrocarbons are isomerized using a selectively sulfided acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a sulfided rhenium component and a halogen component with a porous carrier material formed from Ziegler alumina.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a novel superactive multimetallic reduced catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of an adsorbed rhenium oxide component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of a catalytically effective amount of a platinum group component which is maintained in the elemental metallic state. In a highly preferred embodiment, this novel catalytic composite also contains a catalytically effective amount of a halogen component. The platinum group component, adsorbed rhenium oxide component and optional halogen component are preferably present in the multimetallic catalytic composite in amounts, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt.% platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt.% rhenium and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt.% halogen.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum or palladium component, a rhodium component, an indium component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum or palladium, rhodium, indium, and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt.% platinum or palladium metal, about 0.01 to about 2 wt.% rhodium, about 0.01 to about 1 wt.% indium, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt.% halogen.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a lanthanide series component, a nickel component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group, lanthanide series, nickel, and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respctively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt.% platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt.% lanthanide series metal, about 0.05 to about 5 wt.% nickel, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt.% halogen.

Abstract: A process for desensitizing a hypersensitive, high activity reforming catalyst for suppression of hydrogenolysis which is particularly acute during the early portion of the period that the catalyst is placed on stream, i.e., at the start-up of a reactor. The catalyst is constituted of a composite which includes a Group VIII noble metal hydrogenation-dehydrogenation component, notably platinum, iridium or rhenium, and a sulfurous acid or sulfuric acid component. Hydrogenolysis is suppressed by incorporating within such reforming catalyst at the time of its preparation a sulfurous acid or sulfuric acid component.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for aralkylation of alkylbenzenes wherein an alkylbenzene or alkylbenzenes containing in the substituent alkyl group or groups from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in total is aralkylated with at least one styrene selected from the group consisting of styrene, vinyltoluenes and .alpha.-methylstyrene which comprises carrying out the reaction by continuously feeding to a catalyst layer the above-mentioned alkylbenzene or alkylbenzenes and styrene sources in liquid phase at a temperature from 100.degree. C. to 200.degree. C., said catalyst layer being filled with synthetic silica-alumina containing from 20% by weight to 50% by weight alumina that has been calcined at a temperature in the range from 450.degree. C. to 600.degree. C.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a novel catalyst which comprises a physical mixture of (1) at least one catalytically active transition metal selected from Group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements in combination with at least one alkaline earth metal oxide, and (2) an acidic refractory oxide. The combination of one or more of said Group VIII metals and one or more alkaline earth metal oxides may be provided by supporting said metals and said oxides on a nonacidic refractory oxide support. These catalysts are useful in hydrocarbon conversion processes and are characterized as having improved stability under oxidizing conditions, for example, the high temperature oxidation treatments encountered in regenerating deactivated reforming catalysts.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic dehydrocyclization of a dehydrocyclizable hydrocarbon is disclosed. The hydrocarbon is passed in contact with a germanium-promoted platinum group metal catalyst at dehydrocyclization reaction conditions, said catalyst having been prepared by impregnating a porous high surface area carrier material with a non-aqueous solution of a platinum group metal compound and a halo-substituted germane containing less than 4 halo substituents and drying and calcining the impregnated carrier material.

Abstract: Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites are mixed with conventional reforming catalysts to produce new catalytic compositions with high catalytic activity and selectivity and excellent aging characteristics. These new catalytic compositions may be utilized alone or in conjunction with conventional reforming catalysts. The acidic activity of the total catalyst system is controlled within defined limits. When so controlled the utility of these catalyst systems in reforming hydrocarbon mixtures is to reduce the C.sub.1 and C.sub.2 concentrations in reformer gas product, while increasing the C.sub.3 and C.sub.4 concentrations and maintaining high liquid yield at high octane numbers.

Abstract: Naphthene hydrocarbons are dehydrogenated by contacting them, at dehydrogenation conditions, with a catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a cobalt component, and a bismuth component with a porous carrier material. A specific example of the preferred nonacidic catalytic composite for use in this dehydrogenation method is a combination of a platinum group component, a cobalt component, a bismuth component, and an alkali or alkaline earth component with a porous carrier material in amounts sufficient to result in a composite containing about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % bismuth and about 0.1 to about 5 wt. & alkali metal or alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a novel attenuated superactive multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, which is maintained in the elemental metallic state, and of a zinc component. In a highly preferred embodiment, this novel catalytic composite also contains a catalytically effective amount of a halogen component. The platinum group component, pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component, zinc component and optional halogen component are preferably present in the multimetallic catalytic composite in amounts, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % rhenium, about 0.01 to about 5% zinc and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Dehydrocyclizable hydrocarbons are converted to aromatics by contacting them at dehydrocyclization conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a cobalt component, a lanthanide series component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group, cobalt, lanthanide series and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % lanthanide series metal, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Dehydrocyclizable hydrocarbons are converted to aromatics by contacting them at dehydrocyclization conditions with an acidic sulfur-free multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a rhenium component, a cobalt component, a germanium component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group, rhenium, cobalt, germanium and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % rhenium, about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, about 0.001 to about 1 wt. % germanium, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a selectively sulfided acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a tin component, a sulfided nickel component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group component, tin component, sulfided nickel component, and halogen component are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % tin, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % nickel, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing a porous catalyst carrier having a pore volume of at least 0.5 cc/g, a content of micropores in which the pore diameter is between 80 and 150 A. which constitutes at least 70% of the pore volume and a content of macropores which constitutes less than 3% of the pore volume. In the method, a powdered solid comprised of predominantly alpha-alumina monohydrate and sized in the range below 500 microns is treated with a particular amount of a monobasic acid. The acid in the resulting mixture is then at least partially neutralized by admixing with a nitrogen base such as aqueous ammonia. The treated and neutralized feed is converted into a novel catalyst carrier by shaping as desired, drying, and calcining. Further aspects of the invention are a catalytic reforming catalyst containing the present carrier and a reforming process using this catalyst.

Abstract: Dehydrogenatable hydrocarbons are dehydrogenated by contacting them, at dehydrogenation conditions, with a catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a cobalt component, and a germanium component with a porous carrier material. A specific example of the nonacidic catalytic composite disclosed herein is a combination of a platinum group component, a cobalt component, a germanium component, and an alkali or alkaline earth component with a porous carrier material in amounts sufficient to result in a composite containing about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % germanium and about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % alkali metal or alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a selectively sulfided acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a sulfided rhenium component and a halogen component with a porous carrier material formed from Ziegler alumina. The platinum group component, sulfided rhenium component and halogen component are present in the multimetallic catalytic composite in an amount, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % rhenium, about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen and sulfur in an amount at least sufficient to provide an atomic ratio of sulfur to rhenium of at least about 0.5:1.

Abstract: An improved hydrocarbon reforming process comprising:1. contacting a hydrocarbon feed with a platinum group metal, rhenium-containing catalyst in the presence of hydrogen in at least one reaction zone at a temperature in the range of about 500.degree. F. to about 650.degree. F. for a time sufficient to improve the catalytic activity stability of the catalyst; and thereafter,2. contacting the hydrocarbon chargestock with the catalyst in the presence of hydrogen at hydrocarbon reforming conditions including a higher temperature than the temperature at which step (1) occurred.

Abstract: Dehydrocyclizable hydrocarbons are converted to aromatics by contacting them at dehydrocyclization conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum or palladium component, a rhodium component, a cobalt component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. In a preferred embodiment, the catalytic composite also contains a catalytically effective amount of a Group IVA metallic component. The platinum or palladium, rhodium, cobalt and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum or palladium metal, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % rhodium, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt % halogen.

Abstract: A catalyst useful for the hydrotreatment of hydrocarbons comprising, on a refractory inorganic oxide support, the following metals:(a) from 0.02 to 2% of at least one platinum metal;(b) from 0.02 to 2% of at least one metal belonging to the group consisting of zirconium, titanium, and tungsten;(c) from 0.02 to 2% tin.This catalyst is preferably halogenated, typically with chlorine, from 0.4 to 2%.Catalysts according to this invention are particularly useful for isomerization of a charge of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons, and particularly those having eight carbon atoms. The preferred isomerization catalyst is a platinum, tin and zirconium trimetallic catalyst halogenated with chlorine approximately from 1 to 2% based on the total catalyst weight.Said catalysts are also useful for hydroreforming and aromatizing being surprisingly superior for all these types of reactions.

Abstract: Dehydrocyclizable hydrocarbons are converted to aromatics by contacting them at dehydrocyclization conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a bismuth component, a nickel component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group, bismuth, nickel and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % nickel, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % bismuth, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a selectively sulfided acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a tin component, a sulfided cobalt component, a rhenium component and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group, tin, sulfided cobalt, rhenium and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % tin, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % rhenium, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a zinc component, a cobalt component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group component, zinc component, cobalt component, and halogen component are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % zinc, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Novel hydrotreating catalysts, including methods of making and using same, which are a combination of platinum group metals with Sn and with Mn, Mo, and/or Cr, and optionally with a halogen and sulfur; on a refractory mineral oxide carrier.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic sulfur-free multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a rhenium component, a cobalt component, an indium component and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group, rhenium, cobalt, indium and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % rhenium, about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % indium and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic substantially sulfur-free multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective and available amounts of a platinum group metal, cadmium, cobalt and halogen with a porous carrier material. The platinum group, cadmium, cobalt and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % cadmium, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a uranium component, a cobalt component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group, uranium, cobalt and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated in an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.1 to about 10 wt. % uranium, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a selectively sulfided acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a tin component, a sulfided nickel component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group component, tin component, sulfided nickel component, and halogen component are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % tin, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % nickel, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Dehydrogenatable hydrocarbons are dehydrogenated by contacting them, at dehydrogenation conditions, with a catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum or palladium component, a rhodium component, and a rhenium component with a porous carrier material. A specific example of the nonacidic catalytic composite disclosed herein is a combination of a platinum or palladium component, a rhodium component, a rhenium component, and an alkali or alkaline earth component with a porous carrier material in amounts sufficient to result in a composite containing about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum or palladium, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % rhodium, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % rhenium and about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. A preferred modifying component for the disclosed catalytic composites is a sulfiding reagent.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic reforming of a naphtha fraction is disclosed. A naphtha fraction and hydrogen are commingled and passed in contact with an alumina-supported reforming catalyst at reforming conditions. The alumina support is characterized by a novel method of preparation affording an improved reforming process. The preparation comprises admixing an alpha-alumina monohydrate with an alkaline solution having a pH of at least about 7.5 and forming a stable suspension. A salt of a strong acid, or a solution of a salt of a strong acid, is admixed with the suspension to form a paste or dough which is subsequently extruded, dried and calcined to form said alumina support.

Abstract: An improved moving bed contacting design is disclosed, which is especially useful for moving bed reforming. A moving catalyst bed is contained in a single, downflowing annular bed. Multiple feed inlet and outlet locations, and baffles on screens containing the catalyst, permit radial flow operation through a single bed of catalyst to simulate several distinct catalyst beds. Some gas may flow up or down, instead of radially to increase or decrease the loading of the catalyst bed.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic reforming of a naphtha fraction is disclosed. A naphtha fraction and hydrogen are commingled and passed in contact with a germanium-promoted platinum group metal catalyst at reforming conditions. The catalyst is characterized by a novel method of manufacture affording an improved reforming process. The catalyst preparation comprises impregnating a carrier material with a non-aqueous solution of a platinum group metal compound and a halo-substituted germane, the impregnated carrier material being subsequently dried and calcined.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum or palladium component, a rhodium component, a rhenium component, a germanium component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum or palladium, rhodium, rhenium, germanium, and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on a finished catalyst and elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum or palladium metal, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % rhodium, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % rhenium, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % germanium, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a nickel component, a cobalt component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. A preferred modifying component for the disclosed catalytic composite is a Group IVA metallic component. The platinum gold, nickel, cobalt and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts, respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 2.5 wt. % nickel, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % cobalt, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a sulfided acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum or palladium component, a rhodium component, a germanium component, a halogen component, and a sulfur component with a porous carrier material. The platinum or palladium, rhodium, germanium, halogen, and sulfur components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum or palladium metal, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % rhodium, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % germanium, about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen, and about 0.01 to about 1 wt. % sulfur.

Abstract: Dehydrocyclizable hydrocarbons are converted to aromatics by contacting them at dehydrocyclization conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a Group IVA metallic component, a lanthanide series component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group, Group IVA metallic and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated as wt. % of finished caralyst and on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % Group IVA metal, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen. The lanthanide series component is present in an amount corresponding to an atomic ratio of lanthanide series metal to platinum group metal of about 0.1:1 to about 1.25:1.

Abstract: Dehydrocyclizable hydrocarbons are converted to atomatics by contacting them at dehydrocyclization conditions with an acidic multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum or palladium component, a rhodium component, a rhenium component, a tin component, and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum or palladium, rhodium, rhenium, tin and halogen components are present in the multimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum or palladium, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % rhodium, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % rhenium, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % tin, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are dehydrocyclized to aromatics over a new catalyst comprising a carrier such for example as alumina, platinum, at least one metal selected from iridium, tungsten and ruthenium, cobalt, at least one metal selected from the group consisting of copper, manganese, silver and gold, and at least one halogen such for example as chlorine.

Abstract: Dehydrogenatable hydrocarbons are dehydrogenated by contacting them, at dehydrogenation conditions, with a catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum or palladium component, a rhodium component, and a nickel component with a porous carrier material. A specific example of the nonacidic catalytic composite disclosed herein is a combination of a platinum or palladium component, a rhodium component, a nickel component, and an alkali or alkaline earth component with a porous carrier material in amounts sufficient to result in a composite containing about 0.01 to 2 wt. % platinum or palladium, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % rhodium, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % nickel and about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. A preferred modifying component for the disclosed catalytic composites is a Group IVA metallic component.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are converted by contacting them in a substantially sulfur-free environment at hydrocarbon conversion conditions with an acidic, sulfur-free trimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component, a tin or lead component, a nickel component and a halogen component with a porous carrier material. The platinum group component, tin or lead component, nickel component, and halogen component are present in the trimetallic catalyst in amounts respectively, calculated on an elemental basis, corresponding to about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % tin or lead, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % nickel, and about 0.1 to about 3.5 wt. % halogen.