Plural Parallel Stages Of Chemical Conversion Patents (Class 208/78)
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Patent number: 4264428Abstract: This invention provides an improved process for deriving liquid fuels from coal which involves the steps of (1) solubilizing coal in a FCC residual oil to form a solvated coal solution phase and an ash solids phase; (2) subject the two phase admixtureto FCC conversion conditions; (3) separating and recovering a hydrocarbon phase and a catalyst-ash solids phase in a catalyst-ash solids phase; (4) treating the catalyst-ash solids phase in a catalyst regeneration zone, and removing entrained ash solids from the flue gas effluent of the catalyst regeneration zone; and (5) fractioning the hydrocarbon phase to recover liquid fuel products.Type: GrantFiled: December 13, 1979Date of Patent: April 28, 1981Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Hans-Juergen Schoennagel, John C. Zahner
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Patent number: 4219405Abstract: Continuous production of coke by pyrolysis of a hydrocarbon mixture containing petroleum tar, coal tar pitch or pyrolysis tars in which the hyrocarbon mixture and recycled condensate is heated in a preheater at a rate to increase the mesophase content of the mixture up to 30 to 60%; the preheated mixture is then heated in a coking zone at a rate to form a raw coke having a mesophase content of 70 to 100%; continuously removing the raw coke from the coking zone and heating it in a calciner. The coke produced is more uniform and the process more efficient.Type: GrantFiled: September 28, 1978Date of Patent: August 26, 1980Assignees: Sigri Elektrographit GmbH, Bergwerksverband GmbHInventors: Gerhard Pietzka, Harald Tillmanns, Ingo Romey
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Patent number: 4218306Abstract: A riser cracking operation is described for the production of gasoline and distillate material by the combination of cracking fresh gas oil charged to the base of a riser cracking zone for admixture with freshly regenerated catalyst to form a suspension thereof at an elevated cracking temperature, a second hydrocarbon fraction of more difficult cracking characteristics is charged to the suspension rising in the riser cracking zone at a point selected from 10 to about 30 feet above the riser bottom and the riser inlet temperature is restricted to be within the range of 900.degree. to 1000.degree. F.Type: GrantFiled: January 15, 1979Date of Patent: August 19, 1980Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Benjamin Gross, Jong W. Lee
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Patent number: 4167472Abstract: A process for treating a hydrocarbon composition containing both straight chain and non-straight chain hydrocarbons in which said hydrocarbon composition is separated into a straight chain hydrocarbon-rich fraction and a non-straight chain hydrocarbon-rich fraction, non-aromatics in said non-straight chain hydrocarbon-rich fraction are converted to aromatics, and at least a portion of the straight chain hydrocarbon-rich fraction is passed in combination with steam over a steam active catalyst comprising at least one Group VIII metal and a tin modified Group II metal aluminate under conditions such that aromatics are produced.Type: GrantFiled: April 26, 1978Date of Patent: September 11, 1979Assignee: Phillips Petroleum Co.Inventors: James E. Dick, Fred T. Sherk, Lewis E. Drehman
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Patent number: 4148712Abstract: Used cracking catalyst fines from a cracking process wherein antimony or a compound thereof is used as a metals passivation agent are used as an efficient passivation agent in a cracking process.Type: GrantFiled: June 29, 1978Date of Patent: April 10, 1979Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventors: Richard H. Nielsen, Dwight L. McKay, Glenn H. Dale
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Patent number: 4116814Abstract: A method and system for cracking hydrocarbons with distinct fluid catalyst particles differing in activity, selectivity and physical characteristics is described wherein a common catalyst regeneration system is employed which will measurably contribute to the heat requirements of the operation as well as the activity/selectivity characteristics of the catalyst employed. Except for size, the catalysts upon make-up may have different or identical catalytic characteristics. However, upon contact with a particular hydrocarbon stream, such as vacuum resid, the selectivity and coke producing characteristics of the catalysts may be altered.Type: GrantFiled: July 18, 1977Date of Patent: September 26, 1978Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventor: John C. Zahner
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Patent number: 4111791Abstract: In a system wherein a topped crude catalytic cracking system and a gas oil catalytic cracking system are operated, and the heavy cycle oils from each system are combined and the combined heavy cycle oil stream is solvent extracted to provide an aromatic extract suitable as feed for a carbon black operation, the aromaticity of the extract is increased by passing a substantial portion of the topped crude heavy cycle oil to the gas oil fractionator and recovering a heavy cycle oil from the gas oil fractionator as charge to solvent extraction.Type: GrantFiled: February 24, 1977Date of Patent: September 5, 1978Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventor: Edgar D. Davis
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Patent number: 4097544Abstract: A system to produce ethylene includes, in one embodiment, separately cracking a heavy hydrocarbon feed and a lighter feed, cooling the latter product in a transfer-line exchanger before admixture with the former product and cooling the mixed product in a transfer-line exchanger. Both exchangers are preferably a novel transfer-line exchanger that has a construction including a vertical tank, with a cylindrical intermediate portion and conical bottom entrance and top exit end portions, tube sheets at the top and bottom ends of the intermediate portion of the tank, vertical tubes extending between the tube sheets and in alignment with openings in the tube sheets. The tubes extend downwardly through the lower tube sheet with their ends at openings in a conical shield that is supported in the entrance conical portion of the tank by the tubes or by the conical entrance portion of the tank.Type: GrantFiled: April 25, 1977Date of Patent: June 27, 1978Assignee: Standard Oil CompanyInventor: Robert J. Hengstebeck
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Patent number: 4097363Abstract: A process for thermal cracking of petroleum light gas oil to produce a product including ethylene comprising passing said oil, a diluent gas and entrained hot solids through a cracking zone at a temperature between 1,300.degree. and 2,500.degree. F. at a relatively high cracking severity corresponding to a methane yield of at least 12 weight percent based on hydrocarbon feed oil and with a weight ratio of diluent gas to feed oil of at least 0.3. A naphtha feedstock can be separately cracked at a lower severity using a lower weight ratio of diluent gas to feed oil, with the inert solids from both cracking zones being sent to a common burner whose fuel comprises heavy oil product from both cracking zones.Type: GrantFiled: July 12, 1976Date of Patent: June 27, 1978Assignee: Gulf Research & Development CompanyInventors: Joel Drexler McKinney, Raynor T. Sebulsky, Francis Edmund Wynne, Jr.
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Patent number: 4097362Abstract: In a thermal cracking process employing inert hot solids as a heat source, the cracker effluent solids are passed to a burner for combustion of deposited and entrained coke. The liquid product of the thermal cracking process is distilled and the liquid residue comprises a low value solids-containing slurry which is used as a torch oil in the coke burner. The liquid residue from a catalytic cracking process also comprises a low value slurry since it contains particles of cracking catalyst and in the present process is used as auxiliary torch oil in the solids burner. The catalyst particles are rendered inert at the high temperature of the burner, thereby enhancing the quantity of inert solids circulating in the thermal cracking process. The use of a second slurry as torch oil reduces the quantity of thermally cracked liquid residue required as torch oil and enhances the quantity of more valuable solids-free distillate liquid recoverable from the thermal cracking process.Type: GrantFiled: July 12, 1976Date of Patent: June 27, 1978Assignee: Gulf Research & Development CompanyInventors: Joel Drexler McKinney, Raynor T. Sebulsky, Francis Edmund Wynne, Jr.
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Patent number: 4090948Abstract: An improvement in the fluid cracking process is obtained by contacting the hydrocarbon feed in a riser reaction zone first with a recycled coke-containing spent catalyst and then contacting the resultant mixture with freshly regenerated catalyst to produce the desired conversion of the hydrocarbon feed and a coke-containing spent catalyst, a portion of the spent catalyst being recycled without regeneration to the inlet of the reaction zone and the remainder being regenerated and returned to an intermediate point in the reaction zone. The recycled coke-containing spent catalyst has sufficient activity so that the highly reactive nitrogen and carbon residue containing hydrocarbon contaminants in the oil feed will deposit on the spent catalyst and thus minimize the deactivation of the freshly regenerated catalyst used in the subsequent cracking of the oil feed.Type: GrantFiled: January 17, 1977Date of Patent: May 23, 1978Inventor: Eugene F. Schwarzenbek
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Patent number: 4090949Abstract: A method for upgrading poor quality olefinic gasoline by conversion thereof in the presence of carbon hydrogen-contributing fragments such as methanol and a crystalline zeolite catalyst composition of desired selectivity characteristics is described.Type: GrantFiled: November 4, 1976Date of Patent: May 23, 1978Assignee: Mobil Oil CorportionInventors: Hartley Owen, Paul B. Venuto
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Patent number: 4086064Abstract: In a fluidized catalytic cracking unit a riser discharge head for discharging catalyst and hydrocarbon vapor from a riser conduit substantially vertically downward into a vertical reaction vessel such that erosion of the discharge head and the reaction walls is avoided.Type: GrantFiled: December 6, 1976Date of Patent: April 25, 1978Assignee: Texaco Inc.Inventors: John P. MacLean, John C. Strickland
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Patent number: 4082647Abstract: A process is provided for the simultaneous and continuous hydrocracking of two feed stocks for production of maximum distillate and optimum lube oil base stock. The second feed is mixed with vaporous phase from separation of effluent from conversion of first feed stock, preferably deasphalted crude resid.Type: GrantFiled: December 9, 1976Date of Patent: April 4, 1978Assignee: UOP Inc.Inventors: Le Roi E. Hutchings, Thomas E. Sahlin
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Patent number: 4073721Abstract: A process is disclosed for catalytic hydrotreating of a heavy hydrocarbon oil and a light hydrocarbon oil in separate reactors, wherein the hydrotreating catalyst is circulated through both reactors. The process is particularly suited to obtaining long catalyst life when operating at low hydrogen pressures.Type: GrantFiled: June 23, 1977Date of Patent: February 14, 1978Assignee: Shell Oil CompanyInventors: Dirk Kanbier, Frans Goudriaan
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Patent number: 4062758Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of distillate hydrocarbons from atmospheric distillation hydrocarbon residue.Type: GrantFiled: August 26, 1976Date of Patent: December 13, 1977Assignee: Shell Oil CompanyInventors: Frans Goudriaan, Jakob VAN Klinken
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Patent number: 4061562Abstract: A process for the production of ethylene by the non-catalytic riser cracking of hydrodesulfurized residual petroleum oils in the presence of entrained hot, inert solids.Type: GrantFiled: July 12, 1976Date of Patent: December 6, 1977Assignee: Gulf Research & Development CompanyInventors: Joel Drexler McKinney, Raynor T. Sebulsky, Francis Edmund Wynne, Jr.
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Patent number: 4051013Abstract: A fluid catalytic cracking process for simultaneously cracking a gas oil feed and upgrading a gasoline-range feed to produce high quality motor fuel. The gasoline-range feed is contacted with freshly regenerated catalyst in a relatively upstream portion of a short-time dilute-phase riser reaction zone maintained at first catalytic cracking conditions and the gas oil feed is contacted with used catalyst in a relatively downstream portion of the riser reaction zone which is maintained at second catalytic cracking conditions.Particularly suited to efficiently cracking a gas oil feed and upgrading a wide variety of gasoline-range feed, including the more refractory of such feeds, is a fluid catalytic cracking process comprising a short-time dilute-phase riser reaction zone and a regeneration zone in which CO, produced by the oxidation of coke, is essentially completely oxidized to CO.sub.2 and in which at least part of the heat of combustion is transferred to regenerated catalyst.Type: GrantFiled: December 3, 1975Date of Patent: September 27, 1977Assignee: UOP Inc.Inventor: Charles W. Strother
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Patent number: 4040943Abstract: A combination thermal cracker and coker for making specialty coke which permits high combined feed ratios necessary for total conversion to normally gaseous hydrocarbons, gasoline and coke without overloading the coke chamber with vapors. The process permits the use of smaller diameter coke chambers and/or lower pressure coke chambers.Type: GrantFiled: June 30, 1976Date of Patent: August 9, 1977Assignee: UOP Inc.Inventor: Frank Stolfa
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Patent number: 4009094Abstract: Pyrolysis naphtha is contacted with a residuum hydrocarbon charge stock under process conditions suitable for delayed coking of said residuum hydrocarbon charge. Unstable olefinic and diolefinic components of said pyrolysis naphtha are reduced in the product naphtha. Such conversion of unstable olefin and diolefin components is accomplished without substantial conversion of aromatic components of said pyrolysis naphtha.Type: GrantFiled: January 9, 1975Date of Patent: February 22, 1977Assignee: Texaco Inc.Inventors: Edward L. Cole, John T. Nolan, Jr.
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Patent number: 3997428Abstract: In the catalytic cracking of oil, especially in a riser-type of transport pipe reactor, feedstock in the liquid state is added to the reactor together with sufficient regenerated catalyst to effect essentially complete vaporization of the oil but with minimum cracking. Preferably the regenerated catalyst is cooled to about 900.degree. to 1100.degree. F prior to contact with the oil. The mixture of oil and catalyst is propelled through the riser until the oil is substantially vaporized and then a major portion of hot regenerated catalyst is added to effect the cracking reaction.Type: GrantFiled: May 6, 1974Date of Patent: December 14, 1976Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventor: George E. McKenna
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Patent number: 3966586Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbon feeds are dispersed in solvent ethers and product recycle fraction prior to catalytic cracking thereof with acidic compositions comprising particular crystalline zeolite catalyst composition. The solvent ethers are provided by reacting process olefins with methanol to produce low and high molecular weight ethers separately.Type: GrantFiled: July 31, 1974Date of Patent: June 29, 1976Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Hartley Owen, Paul B. Venuto
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Patent number: 3941680Abstract: A process for the production of lubricating oil in order to obtain lower viscosity lubricating oils of increased viscosity index by separating a crude lubricating oil into a residual fraction and a distillate fraction and thereafter subjecting the residual fraction to hydrotreating and separately subjecting the distillate fraction to hydrotreating under more severe conditions than employed in hydrotreating the residual fraction.Type: GrantFiled: October 20, 1971Date of Patent: March 2, 1976Assignee: Gulf Research & Development CompanyInventors: Millard C. Bryson, Harry C. Murphy, Jr., James R. Murphy, Harry C. Stauffer