Abstract: A plurality of cords of heat resistant material are disposed adjacent to one another in a plurality of layers. A heat resistant tape material having an adhesive formed thereon in a pair of beads is wrapped around the center portions of the cord members so as to form a pair of free hanging curtain sections effective to block gas flows in a heat treatment furnace or the like. The adhesive is also heat resistant, and the use of a tape to form this curtain assembly enables the same to be independent of mounting hardware such as clamped mounting plates. The vertical position of the curtain assembly may be adjustable so as to compensate for wear during use.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a heater assembly and a method for heat-treating a semiconductor wafer using the same. The heater assembly is formed of a heating device having a ring-shaped portion and a holder combined with the heating device detachably each other. A wafer material such as a semiconductor wafer is held on the holder of the heater assembly. A heat-treatment is effected by heating the wafer material by means of application of light radiated from a light source, which is formed of one or more lamps, while heating or after having heated the circumferential portion of the wafer by the heating device of the heater assembly. Owing to the subsidiary heating of the circumferential portion, the wafer may be heat-treated at substantially the same temperature in its entirety. Thus, the heat-treatment does not develop such large "warping" impairing subsequent treatment and/or treatment of the wafer or "slip lines". The heater assembly may be used successfully and conveniently in effecting uniform heating.

Abstract: When heating a semiconductor wafer by means of application of radiated light, a subsidiary heating device which is arranged in contact with the surface of a circumferential edge or a surface portion lying in the vicinity of the circumferential edge of the semiconductor wafer is employed to additionally heat or to preheat the circumferential portion of the wafer so as to make the temperature of the wafer uniform across the entire surface thereof. Use of such subsidiary heating device is effective to prevent the occurrence of such large "warping" as to impair subsequent treatment and/or processing or the development of "slip line".

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a photoheating apparatus for heat-treating an object such as silicon semiconductor wafer in a flowing gas of a special composition. It comprises a container adapted to position the object therein, at least one part of the container being transparent, a heat-radiating lamp adapted to irradiate light onto the object through the transparent part of the container, a gas inlet and gas outlet formed through the wall of the container, and a gas flow dispersion barrier disposed within the container so as to confront the gas inlet, defining a plurality of gas through-holes and made of a transparent material. Owing to the provision of the gas flow dispersion barrier, the gas flow is kept uniform downstream the barrier. The photoheating apparatus is small in size and is capable of causing a reaction to proceed at a uniform rate on the whole surface of the object.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a support for a shoe part which is to have adhesive on a surface thereof activated by heat, and a heating member arranged to emit infra-red radiation to heat the shoe part. The heating member is mounted for movement between an operative position thereof in which the heating member is in opposed relationship with the support so that the shoe part can be heated, and an inoperative position in which the heating member is substantially enclosed by infra-red radiation reflecting screens.

Abstract: A light-radiant heating furnace is formed of a multiplane light source constructed by arranging in combination a plurality of plane light source units, each of which is constructed of a plurality of lamps arranged side by side, along a vertically-extending axis in such a manner that the plane light source units surround a heating space. Each of the lamps includes an elongated and sealed tubular envelope and a filament, which has alternately non-luminous portions and luminous portions, and is disposed in such a manner that it extends in a direction perpendicular to the vertically-extending axis. It is preferred to use frame members each of which has two plate portions extending at a predetermined angle relative to each other and defining lamp-supporting holes at different levels. The light-radiant heating furnace can heat an object either uniformly or with a desired temperature distribution to a desired high temperature. Its structure is extremely simple and its assembly is thus easy.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for operating a light-radiant furnace equipped with incandescent lamps as the light-radiant source thereof. The method includes a step of transporting a plurality of objects successively into the light-radiant furnace and controlling the operation of the incandescent lamps in synchronization with the transportation of each of the objects into the light-radiant furnace and in accordance with a predetermined operation curve so as to expose the object to light for their heating. The method features feeding a small current to the incandescent lamps so as to dim the incandescent lamps prior to each operation of the incandescent lamps in accordance with the operation curve. According to the above method, a heat treatment of object can be repeatedly carried out always under the same conditions while enjoying rated long service life of incandescent lamps without increasing the electric power to be wasted by the incandescent lamps.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a heating method of a semiconductor wafer by means of application of radiated light. The wafer is additionally heated by subsidiary heating device which per se is heated upon exposure to the radiated light and is arranged in contact with the surface of the circumferential edge or a surface portion lying in the vicinity of the circumferential edge of the semiconductor wafer. The ratio of the characteristic value (.alpha.) of the subsidiary heating device to that (.beta.) of the wafer is limited to 0.7 to 1.3, said .alpha. and .beta. being expressed respectively by the following formulae: ##EQU1## where .eta..sub.1, .eta..sub.2 are reflectivities, .rho..sub.1, .rho..sub.2 are specific gravities (g/cm.sup.3), d.sub.1, d.sub.2 are thicknesses (cm) and C.sub.1, C.sub.2 are specific heats (joule/g..degree.C.) of the subsidiary heating device and semiconductor wafer, respectively. The above heating method is effective in preventing the occurrence of "warping" and "slip line".

Abstract: A dryer for printed material and the like including a frame structure with upper and lower heater panel assemblies vertically movably mounted therein. Each heater panel assembly includes a plurality of quartz tube heat lamps. The heater panel assemblies are reciprocated between open and closed positions by a pneumatic cylinder. An air handling system includes a drying air subsystem, a cooling air subsystem and an exhaust system. A control system includes an infrared detector for determining the temperature of printed material in the dryer and automatically adjusts the output of the heat lamps to maintain a predetermined web temperature.

Abstract: A susceptor for holding substrates during a high temperature vapor deposition process is constructed from separable top, bottom and side plates interlocked to each other in a gravity maintained assembly.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for operating a light-radiant heating furnace which includes a main heater capable of irradiating light onto an object to heat it up and a subsidiary heater adapted principally to additionally heat a peripheral portion of said object, which method includes actuating said main heater and subsidiary heater repeated in accordance with their respective actuation curves, which have in advance been prepared, in synchronization with intermittent transportation of objects into said light-radiant heating furnace. The light-radiant heating furnace permits a uniform heat treatment of objects always with high efficiency but without development of slip line or warping, even when they are semiconductor wafers and are heated up in short time periods.

Abstract: Disclosed is a half-tube of ceramic paper inserted into the quartz tube of a microwave oven quartz lamp. The ceramic paper acts as a reflector, permitting directional control of the infrared radiation from the quartz lamp.

Abstract: A substrate heating arrangement suitable for use in ultra-high vacuum MBE includes a filament responsive to a DC current for generating thermal energy, a metallic enclosure surrounding the filament and having an aperture at one end thereof, an intermediate semiconductor substrate parallel to and separated from a semiconductor growth substrate, and a substrate support mounted to the enclosure capable of holding the substrates in the prescribed relationship.The intermediate semiconductor substrate regulates the temperature on the surface of the semiconductor growth substrate to be less than or equal to a fixed temperature (approximately 1100.degree. C. for silicon) regardless of the DC current applied to the filament.

Abstract: A cooking appliance, particularly adapted to heat boilable pouch packaged foods, employing incandescent electric lamps as a radiant heat source. Cooking is controlled without a timer by sensing expansion of the plastic pouch containing the food. Venting is employed which permits the appliance to be extremely compact while permitting the use of decorative wooden end panels which will not overheat.

Abstract: A heater assembly for annealing a semiconductor wafer in a vacuum chamber includes a blackbody source having a constant planar energy flux charactertistic and a wafer support for supporting the wafer adjacent to, but not spaced apart from, the source in planar parallel alignment therewith. The heater assembly further includes radiation shields and a housing providing support for the source, the wafer support and the radiation shields in fixed relationship. The housing includes a heat sink for removal of thermal energy and a slot for insertion and removal of the wafer. The heater assembly confines thermal energy and reduces input energy requirements. In addition, the requirement for a movable shutter is eliminated.

Abstract: Roaster for green coffee beans and other beans and nuts comprising a dish or tray, preferably of lightweight, disposable construction having a rim of sufficient height to contain the beans or nuts during roasting and a bottom which is formed with openings, the number, size and pattern of openings being such as to support the beans or nuts yet to allow free and uniform flow of hot air and gases from below the roaster through a mass of beans or nuts on the bottom. The tray bottom is preferably formed with downward extensions of the material, e.g., material resulting from piercing the tray bottom. Also, the same roaster but with a downwardly extending rim or legs to support the bottom above an open source of heat and a cover fitting the upper edge of the rim with an opening permitting escape of air and gases. Also, such roasters with a supply of green beans or nuts to be roasted and a disposable cover or enclosure enclosing the roaster and beans. The roaster is preferably made of metal, e.g., aluminum foil.

Abstract: A cooking appliance comprising a heating chamber with a window provided on one side. At least one surface of the window is coated with a film of a reflecting metal oxide, such as indium oxide, to such a thickness that food in the heating chamber can be seen through the window.

Abstract: An improved preheater for use in mass soldering apparatus employing a bank of quartz lamp heaters mounted in parabolic reflectors and including switching means for switching the quartz heaters on and off in response to the presence of a circuit board on a conveyor passing through the preheater.

Abstract: In the heat treating apparatus disclosed herein, a semiconductor wafer, held in a vacuum chuck, is traversed under an infrared source in which radiant energy from a linear, high intensity lamp is focused by an elongate elliptical reflector to generate a linear target zone through which the surface of the wafer is effectively scanned by the relative motion.

Abstract: A processor apparatus is provided in which a blackbody radiator having a constant planar energy flux characteristic is placed in opposition to semiconductor material. The blackbody source produces a constant planar energy flux to uniformly heat the material. The source is heated to a sufficiently high temperature for a sufficient time to anneal or activate a semiconductor wafer or to epitaxially regrow a thin epitaxial film. The processor is operated by accomplishing the steps of presenting a blackbody radiator in opposition to semiconductor material to be thermally treated, radiatively heating the material to a sufficiently high temperature for a sufficient time to accomplish the desired process result, and cooling and removing the material. In the interval between presentation of successive samples of the material to the source, the source may be shuttered or idled to reduce energy consumption.

Abstract: Coffee roaster, preferably having no moving parts and suitable for domestic use, in which a current of hot air is caused to pass through a layer of coffee beans supported on a perforated plate or belt, the space above the beans being enclosed by sidewalls and a top cover having one or more openings for outflow of air. The top cover causes heat to be radiated back onto the beans and the flow of hot air causes water vapor and other gases resulting from roasting, also smoke, to be rapidly removed from the beans and vented. In a variant the roaster may be enclosed in an oven and the cover of the oven may be imperforate, the oven being provided with means to vent air, water vapor and other gases.

Abstract: An electric cooker or cooking hob has a ceramic plate 2 on which there are a number of hot plate areas each heated by a respective annular heating element 4 disposed within an insulating housing 7. A temperature dependent resistor 9 is disposed below the hot plate area at the center of focus of a reflector 8 which is arranged to focus radiant energy from the hot plate area onto the resistor 9 while at the same time shielding the resistor 9 from direct radiation from the electric heating element 4. The signal derived from the resistor 9 is a measure of the temperature of the hot plate and can be used to provide a thermal tripping function to prevent over-heating of the hot plate area and/or to carry out closed loop control of the temperature of the hot plate area. The reflector 8 may be replaced by a shield which shields the resistor 9 from direct heating by the heater.

Abstract: Reaction vessels, furnace tubes, heating and cooling enclosures frequently have parts such as access ports, inlet tubes, inspection windows, etc. made of thermally transparent materials such as plastic, glass, quartz, oxides, nitrides and sulfides. When these parts extend outside the hot zone, they can act as "light pipes" carrying appreciable amounts of thermal radiation which can damage thermally sensitive gaskets or other materials used to secure external couplings or end closure flanges to these parts. Thermal radiation induced gasket damage is a frequent cause of stuck flanges and couplings. This problem is avoided by inserting a thermal radiation scattering region in the thermally transparent material between the hot zone and the end closure or gaskets. The thermal radiation is scattered and dispersed, so that the end zones receive less radiation and remain cooler. Milky quartz is a suitable scattering material for use with quartz furnace tubes or bell jars.

Abstract: An electronic package is mounted by its leads in an inner hermetically sealed package in an atmosphere of dry nitrogen gas at about 50 torr gas pressure. Leads extend through hermetically sealed electric feedthroughs into an outer enclosure which is maintained at a vacuum of at least 1.times.10.sup.-4 torr. Electrical leads which extend substantially the entire length of the interior space of the outer enclosure pass out of the outer enclosure at first ends of the leads through hermetically sealed electrical feed-throughs and at second ends electrically communicate with and structurally support the leads from the inner enclosure so that the inner enclosure is disposed between the first and second ends. The surfaces of the inner enclosure and the interior surface of the outer enclosure are electropolished.The electronic package consists of a central core sandwiched between beryllium oxide heat spreaders on which are mounted heaters in the form of power transistors.

Abstract: A film heating oven for a skin packaging machine. The oven has a metallic housing in which are supported a plurality of elongated heaters in spaced parallel relationship. The heaters are energized by a control system which raises their temperature for heating the film and lowers the temperature during other operations of the machine. The housing includes a reflector for each tube to direct the heat downwardly onto the film and further includes an outer covering of insulation to minimize the escape of heat.

Abstract: A counter-top oven adapted to effect low-temperature cooking of food at a relatively rapid rate whereby food nutrients and other valuable constituents are preserved. The oven includes a food-receiving compartment having a perforated wall and means to heat air to a temperature well above the cooking temperature of the food and to force the heated air through the perforations to cause the air to flow at high velocity through the compartment in heat-exchange relation with the food.

Abstract: An electric oven comprises a base made of a heat-resisting material and provided with a meat support member, an outer case removably rested on a stepped portion of the peripheral wall of the base, a reflector disposed within the outer case in the neighborhood of a ceiling thereof to define an upper radiating chamber and a lower heating chamber, a heat generator provided within the heating chamber, and a hot air fan also provided within the heating chamber and serving to transfer heat generated from the heat generator as hot air into a roasting chamber defined within the outer case. The hot air fan is driven from a drive motor, which also drives a cooling fan disposed within the radiating chamber. The outer case is provided with a switch means for closing and opening an electric circuit connecting a power source to the heat generator and motor for driving the hot air fan and cooling fan such that the electric circuit is closed when the outer case is placed on the base and opened when the outer case is raised.

Abstract: A food warming and cooking cabinet comprising a housing having infrared reflective material on the interior surface, a source of infrared radiation located inside the housing and a support for a plurality of trays adapted to carry food thereon. The source of infrared radiation comprises two vertically oriented tubular infrared lamps located on opposite sides of the housing with the tray support therebetween. Each lamp is located in a recess in opposed side walls. The infrared reflective material is polished aluminum.

Abstract: An open hearth oven having an opening at the front thereof is provided with a shield arrangement for shielding against escape through the oven opening of infrared radiation emitted by radiating elements within the oven chamber. The shielding structure permits the introduction of objects into the oven chamber for being heated therein by infrared radiation while reflecting radiation back into the oven chamber. The shielding is configured and positioned for allowing introduction and removal of the objects without movement or removal of the shielding. Yet it is swingably mounted for being swung upwardly to a retracted position for facilitating access to the oven chamber through the opening. The shielding may be lowered in the retracted position but is selectively released to swing to the radiation blocking position as by use of a peel, such as utilized for handling of food products. The shielding is also readily removable from the oven, such as for cleaning.

Abstract: An electric heating apparatus for preventing recrystallization or to dissolve existing crystals of pharmaceutical compositions, such as mannitol, which tend to recrystallize during storage. Single dose sealed vials of the pharmaceutical are received in a receptacle having an open top, closed bottom and reflective inner surfaces. A light bulb is supported in the receptacle above the vials and the radiant energy therefrom reflected from the inner surfaces of the receptacle heats the vials.The light bulb and support therefor are of such dimension that visual observation of the vials through the open top is not obstructed. The support for the light bulb includes a swivel joint permitting horizontal movement of the light bulb to provide access to the interior of the receptacle for removal of the vials. The temperature within the receptacle is controlled by a control means, such as a thermostat, in circuit with the light bulb.

Abstract: An improved toy oven for baking foods quickly that includes a baking chamber with inner and outer parallel walls constructed so as to attain a predetermined temperature rapidly, utilizing a single radiant energy source. The electric bulb heats the surrounding air and establishes a convection current which flows through the baking chamber to heat the food. The toy oven further includes an input shelf and an output shelf that function to provide cooling for the baking pans used with the oven, and their contents. A baking shelf in the baking chamber is arranged to be horizontal and together with the input and output shelves, and input and output doors of said chamber, form a continuous horizontal track upon which a baking pan is placed and pushed into said baking chamber for baking and then onto said output shelf for cooling, prior to being removed from the oven.

Abstract: An oven is disclosed adapted to heat a food item of the type having a crust portion and a filler portion lying on the crust portion, characterized in that a first electrical heating member, adapted for substantially constant heating operation at a predetermined temperature, is stationed in the oven adjacent the crust portion, and a second heating member, having a greater thermal intensity than the first heating means and adapted for substantially brief heating operation at a temperature higher than the predetermined temperature, is stationed in the oven adjacent the filler portion.

Abstract: An apparatus for practicing temperature gradient zone melting simultaneously on a plurality of semiconductor bodies comprises a closable work chamber for receiving the bodies for processing; a heat source disposed in the work chamber and comprising a first closure member thereof; a heat sink disposed in the work chamber and comprising a second closure member thereof and means for transferring one or more bodies of semiconductor material to the work chamber for processing and from the work chamber subsequent to processing. The transferring means comprises manipulative means for selectively engaging the semiconductor bodies and supporting the bodies in transit and drive means for moving the manipulative means toward and away from the work chamber and orienting the manipulative means with respect to the semiconductor bodies.

Abstract: An apparatus for practising temperature gradient zone melting simultaneously on a plurality of semiconductor bodies comprises a closable work chamber for receiving the bodies for processing; a heat source disposed in the work chamber and comprising a first closure member thereof; a heat sink disposed in the work chamber and comprising a second closure member thereof and means for transferring one or more bodies of semiconductor material to the work chamber for processing and from the work chamber subsequent to processing. The transferring means comprises manipulative means for selectively engaging the semiconductor bodies and supporting the bodies in transit and drive means for moving the manipulative means toward and away from the work chamber and orienting the manipulative means with respect to the semiconductor bodies.

Abstract: An unsheathed grease-filled cable stub has the grease removed from around the insulated wires by subjecting the cable stub to radiant heat over the length of the stub and over a major portion of its circumference while the stub is supported on a flexible open mesh of material that overlies a trough. The heated grease melts and flows downwardly for collection into the trough, the grease also flowing through the supporting mesh. The heating temperature of the cable stub is kept low enough to prevent damage to the insulation of the wires.

Abstract: A baking oven having a baking chamber preferably divided into a plurality of baking compartments disposed in a vertical stack separated from one another by a deck and enclosed by a cabinet having an access door. Each such deck comprises top and bottom plates with a space therebetween and a heating element therein spaced from said plates. The deck is provided with a narrow vent to said space across its width adjacent the access door. A sensing bulb or other temperature sensing means of a thermostat is located in the said space with the sensing tip of the sensing means being substantially at said vent. The top surface of the bottom plate is selectively blackened and the heating element is located to provide progressively less heating toward the back of the baking compartments. The top side of the baking chamber is defined by a like deck and the bottom side of the baking chamber is defined by a similar deck which does not have a blackened lower plate.

Abstract: A kiln for dental ceramic work comprises a retort housing and a heating means effective to generate the shortwave infrared radiation for heating dental ceramic material to the burning temperature of the ceramic mass within said retort housing. In a specific embodiment, the heating means is effective to provide wavelengths of about 0.7 to 1.5 .mu.m. Various disposition of infrared radiators and retort chamber materials are disclosed.

Abstract: A cooking device including an open topped vessel having a prismatic form and a polygonal base which is mounted for rotation about a horizontal axis parallel to its length. Motor means for oscillating the vessel in a rocking motion about the axis and a heat source is fixedly mounted above the vessel.

Abstract: A soft non-marring carpet type support for articles while being heated into a softened condition consisting of either an intermittent or a continuous line of fine fiberglass fibers to accommodate either a flat or uneven surface in contact with the flexible tips, the support being so gentle and so distributed so as not to leave any impression on the articles softened surface. The support transmits a minimum of heat or cold by conduction, is transparent to infrared radiation across its thickness and also at the same time transmits infrared radiation through the length of its optical fibers.

Abstract: A heating apparatus especially suitable for use in a crystal growth system, comprises a combination of a high pressure xenon arc discharge lamp and an ellipsoidal reflecting mirror having first and second focal points to heat a material feed rod by concentrated infrared radiation from the xenon lamp. The reflecting mirror is divided into at least two mirror portions between which a substantially straight additional part of a predetermined length is interpositioned. The additional part makes the distance between the two foci longer by said predetermined length. The center positions of the xenon lamp and the feed rod are located respectively at points apart from each of the focal points toward each other at a distance corresponding to the predetermined length, so as to obtain a desirable temperature distribution around the rod relative to a major horizontal axial plane of the ellipsoidal reflecting mirror.

Abstract: An energy conserving broiler has a frame supporting a housing having a patty opening and a bun opening therein. The upper run of an endless conveyor is disposed adjacent the patty opening. Two arrays of spaced heater elements are on the frame above and below the upper run of the conveyor. Radiant heat reflecting partitions are disposed between the elements of each array and double wall radiant heat reflectors are disposed above and below the two arrays. A deflector wall is positioned between one of the arrays and the patty feed opening. A bun conveyor is on the frame near the bun feed opening. A bun heater is above the bun conveyor. A patty receiving device for reflecting heat upwardly is disposed between the heater element array below the upper run of the conveyor and the bun heater.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for smoking foods. An enclosure is presented which is characterized by an absence of any ventilating means. The enclosure is substantially air tight. Hickory or other exotic wood blocks or chips are used as the source of smoke and an electric heating element raises the temperature in the enclosure to approximately 200.degree.-300.degree. F. This activates the wood and produces the desired smoke. The increase in temperature also produces an increase in pressure within the enclosure which in turn causes a pressure differential between the inside and the outside of any food being processed. This forces smoke and wood resins to permeate the meat and enhance the food with the desired smoke flavor. The enclosure in which the food is smoked is also of unique design in that the back wall is presented in three planes so as to avoid forming any right angles with any other sidewalls.

Abstract: A semiconductor body heater is provided with a planar array of radiant heating elements spaced from a reflector. In the preferred embodiment, each radiant heating element comprises a tungsten filament quartz lamp. Each lamp is removable and replaceable without disengaging any other lamp. The reflector is cooled by flows of gas and liquid coolant therethrough. Flows of gas between the planar array of lamps and the reflector and between the reflector and a cover member also cool the apparatus. Various diffusers for substantially eliminating temperature nonuniformities over an area illumined by the planar array of lamps are also disclosed. The semiconductor body heater of the present invention is particularly well suited for use in a temperature gradient zone melting process.

Abstract: A furnace for practising temperature gradient zone melting on one or more semiconductor bodies comprises a closable work chamber for receiving semiconductor bodies for processing, a radiant heat source which forms a first closure member and a heat sink which forms a second closure member, the closure members defining the work chamber and being mutually separable by, for example, a hydraulic actuator to allow access to the interior of the work chamber. A reflector is disposed between the heat source and heat sink in surrounding relationship to the semiconductor bodies being processed to ensure the maintenance of a uniform temperature gradient within the work chamber. The reflector and the heat sink are liquid cooled for the effective removal of heat therefrom. The heat sink is further provided with a plurality of radiation attenuating cavities to enhance the performance of the heat sink.

Abstract: A system and method for heating thermoplastic material and forming elongated and involute thermoplastic articles from the thermoplastic material is disclosed. Means are provided for controllably heating a sheet of thermoplastic material to form preselected temperature gradients throughout the sheet of thermoplastic material. Means are further provided for planarly supporting the heated sheet of thermoplastic material allowing for transverse motion of the heated sheet of thermoplastic material at the center thereof and further allowing for controlled slippage of the heated sheet of thermoplastic material toward said center thereof relative to the planar support means. Means are also provided for transversely forming a heated sheet of thermoplastic material into the shape of an elongated or involute plastic article.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for applying ultraviolet light reactive ink to several surfaces of egg cartons, and for rapidly drying the ink thereon by ultraviolet light so that the cartons can be immediately stacked and without subjecting the articles to heat damage during drying. A conveyor moves the unfolded egg cartons along a predetermined path at a selected predetermined rate of speed. Printing means apply ink to the cartons. Heat-emitting ultraviolet lamps dry the ink. Fluid motors move the lamps between a position close to the cartons and a position away from the cartons. A control responsive to the rate of speed of carton movement maintains the lamps in the close position to dry the ink when the cartons move at the predetermined rate of speed and move the lamps away from the cartons to continue the ink drying but to prevent heat damage when carton speed decreases. In one embodiment, a single drying unit is located downstream of several printing stations.

Abstract: A device for electrically heating thermoplastic articles includes a housing having means for receiving the article in position to be heated. An infrared generator in the form of a tungsten halogen lamp is located in the housing and a split, out-of-phase parabolic reflector system is provided for directing the radiation from the lamp onto plural sides of the article. A blower in the housing provides a flow of cooling air over the lamp and reflector system. A thermal control means responsive to the combination of radiant heat absorbed from the lamp and the cooling effect of the flow of air is provided for cycling the lamp on and off to control the radiant energy emitted therefrom. The lamp may be surrounded by a foraminous thermal converter which allows some of the direct radiation from the lamp to filter through to be directed to the article and interrupts and absorbs the remainder of the radiation converting it to heat which is picked up by the air flow for delivery to the article being heated.

Abstract: Apparatus for decorating cylindrical containers is provided with a compact-curing section mounted directly thereto. The curing section includes a subassembly pivotally mounted for movement between an operating and a servicing position. The subassembly includes a liquid-cooled main reflector, an arcuate array of elongated ultra-violet lamps, and air-cooled chambers wherein the lamp terminals are disposed. A liquid-cooled shutter is provided to shield those containers stopped in the curing section.

Abstract: An electric broiler for hamburgers and the like has a supporting frame on which an endless bar conveyor is arranged to advance longitudinally with the conveyor upper run and the conveyor lower run in generally horizontal planes. A set of upper electric heating rods extends longitudinally and transversely of the frame above the upper run, and a set of lower electric heating rods extends horizontally and transversely of the frame below the lower run. Below the lower heating rods on the frame are longitudinally extending radiation baffle boxes generally rectangular in cross-section and arranged with their diagonals substantially vertical and spaced apart transversely to allow drippings to pass between them. There are radiation reflecting dihedral plates extending horizontally and longitudinally on the frame above the upper rods, the dihedral plates being supplemented by top plates supported by the dihedral plates but being largely spaced above the dihedral plates to provide dead air spaces.

Abstract: A counter-top oven adapted to effect low-temperature cooking of food at a relatively rapid rate whereby food nutrients and other valuable constituents are preserved. The oven includes a food-receiving compartment having a perforated wall and means to heat air to a temperature well above the cooking temperature of the food and to force the heated air through the perforations to cause the air to flow at high velocity through the compartment in heat-exchange relation with the food.