Abstract: This invention relates to a laminated glazing pane which may be used as an aircraft windshield. The pane comprises at least two glass sheets connected together by an intermediate layer of polyvinyl butyral and, in its marginal zone, between at least one glass sheet and the intermediate layer, at least one adhesive ring comprising a plastic material which absorbs at least a portion of the stresses to which the pane is subjected during operation.

Abstract: A method for fabricating an electrically heatable coated transparency, particularly useful as a vehicle windshield, is disclosed. The method involves sputtering on a substrate surface layers of metal oxide, metal-containing primer, infrared reflective metal, metal-containing primer and metal oxide to produce an electroconductive coating, and applying first and second bus bars to the substrate in contact with the coating.

Abstract: A temperature-controlled electronic circuit comprises a substrate, components of the circuit on its first side and a heating array on its second side. It finds a particular application in space telecommunications.

Abstract: A temperature regulating ceiling element box has a lower face, possibly covered with a decorative panel, located on the side of a room to be equipped. Its upper face is covered with at least one layer of heat-insulating material. At least some of the side walls have openings for connection to an air circulation system at a controlled temperature. The box is also equipped with a heater. The invention is useful in decoration and temperature control of a room.

Abstract: An igniter for electric ignition systems is made up of intergrally formed terminals and heating elements of metal thin film. Therefore, it maintains its stable ignition performance, high safety, and high reliability over a long period of time even in a severe environment. The heating element is covered with a protective coating film made of an inorganic material to ensure good heat conduction and to maintain the initial performance over a long period of time.

Abstract: A panel heating element, especially for thermal home appliances, with a laminar support element (1) for supporting all items to be heated and an electrically conductive heating layer (2) applied laminarly to support element (1), the heating layer (2) containing glass and being applied in a pasty state. The panel heating element makes possible a relatively high surface-specific heating power and relatively high heating temperatures and, moreover, is relatively inexpensive in that the heating layer (2) in pasty state consists of powdered molybdenum boride, of two different powdered types of glass and of an organic substance, and, in the preferred embodiment, an insulating layer (3) is provided between the support element (1) and the heating layer (2), and the heating layer (2) is provided with a protective layer (4) on a side that faces away from support element (1).

Abstract: A method of producing a screen for printing a heating line pattern which comprises the steps of: depositing a first photosensitive emulsion layer on a screen, masking a predetermined portion of the first photosensitive emulsion layer corresponding to a heating line pattern comprising bus bars and heating lines, exposing the first photosensitive emulsion layer except the masked portion to form the first cured emulsion layer, removing the unexposed portion of the first photosensitive emulsion layer to form the permeable portion in the first cured emulsion layer, depositing a second photosensitive emulsion layer at least on the first cured emulsion layer adjacent to the permeable portions corresponding to the bus bars, masking predetermined portions of the second photosensitive emulsion layer on the first cured emulsion layer, exposing the second photosensitive emulsion layer except the masked portions to form a second cured emulsion layer comprised of unmasked exposed portions, and removing the unexposed portio

Abstract: A heating element for a plastic film laminator has a cylindrical base member. A heating layer of conductive resin such as conductive silicone is molded to the base member. An outer layer of dielectric material may cover the heating layer. Resistive electrical contacts are connected to the heating layer. An electrical power supply is connectable to the contacts. The resistive contacts create a voltage drop within the contact along the axis of current flow. This lowers the current density at the interfaces of the contacts and heating layer to prevent localized overheating of the conductive resin.

Abstract: A heat process device according to the present invention includes a film-like heating body serving as a heat source for a heat transfer plate on which an object to be processed is mounted and heated. Therefore, the heat process device can be excellent in controlling the heating temperature. It can also apply a uniform heat process to the object. Further, it can be made small in size and easy to operate.

Abstract: Domestic cooking apparatus including a layer of ceramic material having high temperature thermal shock resistance and defining a first surface which is a planar cooking surface and a second surface and a foil heating element disposed in intimate touching heat transfer engagement with the second surface of the layer of material having high temperature thermal shock resistance.

Abstract: Susceptors used for browning or crisping food prepared in microwave ovens and processes for the production of such susceptors. The susceptors are produced by laminating an anodizable metal (e.g. aluminum, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, titanium or tungsten) onto a suitable non-metallic substrate (e.g a heat resistant polyester film, a paperboard sheet or a glass, plastic or ceramic article) and anodizing the metal layer to form an anodic film covering a residual metal layer of suitable thinness to generate heat by resistance heating when irradiated by microwaves. The anodic film acts as a barrier to prevent the migration of any degradation products to the foodstuff undergoing the heating procedure. The susceptors can be used as wrappings for food items, as package inserts or as internal coatings on food containers and the like.

Abstract: A positive temperature coefficient coating or layer is produced by applying to a substrate a composition containing a dispersion of conductive particles in a solution of a solvate or solvatable crystalline organic polymer. The coating or layer so formed can be incorporated into temperature self-regulating heating devices.

Abstract: A heating apparatus includes a heater, the heater including a main resistance layer and a subordinate resistance layer branched from said main resistance layer, which extend in a direction crossing with a movement direction of a recording material and which are supplied with electric power; a selector for selecting a resistance layer for supplying electric power; and a controller for controlling an effective voltage applied to said heater in accordance with selected resistance layer.

Abstract: A positive temperature coefficient composition including a monomeric crystalline organic material is disclosed having a preselected switching temperature below about 150.degree. Fahrenheit. Devices incorporating same and related method of manufacture are set forth. The material includes a continuous, single phase solution of a polymer, for providing cohesion and flexibility to the positive temperature coefficient material.

Abstract: A resistor comprises iridium and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of silicon, bismuth, lead, tin, aluminum, boron, titanium, zirconium, calcium and barium. A process for producing the resistor comprises the steps of coating a solution of an iridium containing organometallic material onto a substrate and subsequently firing the coated solution. The resistor is used as a heating resistor of a thermal head.

Abstract: An electrical resistance heated window having at least three heatable zones and at least one of the heatable zones is generally centrally located on the window and can be heated faster to a higher temperature than the other of the zones for faster defogging and deicing of that particular zone.

Abstract: In a thick film water track, irrespective of track thickness or the material of which the track is constructed, the optimum track width is found to be in the range of from 1.2 mm to 2.1 mm. Further, for a given resistance, the track is longer and may be conformed to a pattern to give improved temperature distribution. Additionally disclosed is a heating element having a number of thick film electrically resistive tracks applied to the surface of an electrically insulative substrate and a switch for selectively connecting one or more of the tracks to a power supply. The resistance and hence the operating temperature of the heating element may be varied by changing the track or tracks connected to the switch.

Abstract: Pulse fingers are disposed on a heat-generating material which fingers are pulsed to change the resistance of portions of the heat-generating material. By such change in the resistance of the heat-generating material, electrical current diffusion is prevented and heat diffusion is permitted between the changed resistance portion of the heat-generating material, thereby providing high resolution character printing and so-called "continuous" graphics printing.

Abstract: A heater comprises a substrate and an electrically conductive heating section having branched portions on its lateral edge. The heating section has notches at those portions of its lateral edges that are opposite to the branched portions. The notches increase electric resistance of the heating section at the branched portions to enhance heat generation of the heating section at the branched so that the heating section is heated at a predetermined temperature over the entire length of a transfer paper sheet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for heating, by infrared radiation, fixed on a wall 3 or beneath the ceiling of a room of a building, comprising a flat infrared radiation emitter constituted by a sheet 5 made of an electrically conducting material connected to a source 15, 16 of supply of low-voltage electric current, characterized in that the electrically conducting sheet 5 forms part of at least one composite band 4 and it is coated, on its face turned towards the interior of the room to be heated, with a thin black layer, with high emissive power, and, on the opposite side, with a sheet 8 forming reflector of the infrared radiation in the direction of the interior of the room.

Abstract: A thin high temperature heater includes an adhesive layer of Ti disposed an insulating substrate and a resistor layer of a Ti compound disposed the adhesive layer.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method of assembling a panel heater for use in a corrosive environment includes a planar heating element, a planar non-conductive carrier for supporting a conductive ground plane thereon, a planar heat sink supporting the heating element, and a fluoropolymer envelope enclosing the heating element, the carrier, the ground plane and the heat sink to protect same from corrosive environments. The heat sink and carrier have a coefficient of expansion which is substantially equal to minimize the effects of unequal expansion and contraction of the heater.

Abstract: An electrically heated vision unit, such as a windshield, has bus bars extending substantially parallel to, and spaced from, each other in contact with an electrically conductive film provided on a surface of a transparent substrate. One bus bar extends laterally beyond the corresponding end of the opposite bus bar, an end portion at such corresponding end of the opposite bus bar being recessed away to avoid excessive current density at such recessed end portion.

Abstract: A radiant heater is provided, which can be in the form of an overlay on an existing incubator hood or integrated in an incubator hood. The heater has an optically transparent, radiotransparent and phototherapy transparent electrically conductive coating, preferably indium tin oxide.

Abstract: A high temperature low density operating element includes a porous high temperature operating element film formed into a predetermined configuration and disposed on one surface of an insulating member with good heat conductivity, a resistive film with a high melting point and good heat conductivity having a higher density than the high temperature operating element film, formed into a predetermined configuration on a second surface of the insulating member with good heat conductivity, a lead wire connected to the resistive film, an insulating protective film disposed on the insulating member covering the resistive film.

Abstract: An electrically heated branding device for marking articles has an elongated type block with a base end removably secured in a cavity of a holder and a branding indicia on a forward end face which projects from the holder. The type block includes a metallic heat receiving portion having an elongated cavity open at the base end of the type block and in which as fitted a heat generating portion in the form of a ceramic rod. An electric resistance heat generating member having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance is embedded in the forward end portion of the rod and extends transversely of the longitudinal axis thereof for heating the indicia. Lead wires from heat generating member are connected to electrodes removably received in a socket in the cavity.

Abstract: An electrically heatable car glazing (1) of laminated glass has a transparent surface coating (8) as the heating resistor. The outer glass plate (2) is provided, along the circumference of its inner side, with a frame-like heat-curing coating (6), and bus bars (7) of an electrically conductive heat-curing paint are provided on the frame-like coating. The surface coating (8) is placed over the bus bars (7), and metal foil bands (10) are placed above the bus bars (7) on the surface coating. The end portions (11) of the metal foil bands (10) are provided with a tear-proof plastic envelope (12), which is bonded to the glass plate (2).

Abstract: An electrically heated automobile glazing has a surface coating (14) serving as resistance heater and a frame-shaped decorative layer (15) of an opaque bakable enamel. Frame-shaped decorative layer (15) consists of an electrically conductive bakable enamel and is in electrically conductive contact with surface coating (14). Current supply conductors (16) are made of thin strips of metal or metallic strips and are in electric contact with decorative layer (15). Surface coating (14) can be deposited between the surface of the glass and decorative layer (15) or between decorative layer (15) and current supply conductor (16).

Abstract: A dual lead electrically heatable windshield is provided with an internal jumper arrangement that allows the bus bar having the dual lead to be powered by a single external connection to one of the dual leads. A jumper arrangement may also be used in combination with a crack detector for the dual lead heatable windshield.

Abstract: The mirror assembly uses a reflective coating as a heating element for preventing fog formation on a mirror exposed to a humid environment such as is found in a bathroom. As compared to other typically reflective mirror coatings, the coating used in this invention has a relatively high resistance. The coating may be split into separate conductive elements with one or more scribe lines in order to control the length of the conductive path from inlet bus to outlet bus. The buses are made from an ultra thin foil tape which can be adhered to the reflective coating and which is solderable for securement of power lines thereto. The bus tape possesses both in plane and through plane conductive characteristics and can simply be cut to any length desired for the mirror sizes being produced.

Abstract: A true edge thermal printhead and method of fabrication wherein the printhead infrastructure is formed by thick film techniques and the individual laminations are formed in a predetermined order. The printhead infrastructure includes a dielectric substrate, a common electrode layer, a high temperature glaze, an electrode pattern, a low temperature glaze and a plurality of resistive heating elements formed on the edge of the infrastructure and interconnected to the electrode pattern and the common electrode layer. The common electrode layer is a unitary sheet of refractory conductive material that is compatible with the high firing temperatures required for the high temperature glaze, and includes multiple ground taps. The fine image electrode pattern is compatible with the reduced firing temperature of the low temperature glaze such that gold pastes may be efficaciously utilized in the formation of the electrode pattern.

Abstract: A heating element for a plastic film laminator has a base member, either flat or cylindrical. An insulating layer of non-conductive material is formed on the base member. A heating layer formed of conductive resin such as conductive silicone is molded to the base member, with the insulating layer between the base and heating layer. An outer layer of non-conductive silicone may cover the heating layer. Electrical contacts are connected to opposite sides of the heating layer. An electrical power supply is connectable to the contacts. Current passing through the heating layer provides uniform heating which is transferred to the plastic to be laminated.

Abstract: A thick film type thermal head which includes an insulative substrate (2), an under-glaze layer (3) formed on the insulative substrate (2), a heat-generating resistor (6) and an electrode device for energizing the heat generating resistor (6) which are formed on the under-glaze layer (3), and an overcoating layer (7) for covering the heat-generating resistor (6). The overcoating layer (7) further includes a first overcoating layer (7a) formed by a thick film forming technique, and a second overcoating layer (7b) formed on the first overcoating layer (7a) through employment of a thin film forming technique.

Abstract: An electrically heatable windshield comprises two glass plates bonded to each other with an interlayer therebetween and a transparent conductive layer formed at contacting surface between one of the glass plates and the interlayer so that the windshield is heated by supplying a current to the transparent conductive layer through a bus bar for feeding power. A colored layer such as a ceramic color print is formed at the peripheral portion of the surface, in contact with the interlayer, of at least one of the glass plates. The bus bar is formed on the colored layer without expanding. A transparent protective layer is formed so as to cover the edge portion of the colored layer which is near the center of the glass plates, and the transparent conductive layer is formed over the transparent protective layer.

Abstract: A printed strip heater for heating an object includes a heat resistive substrate, a strip of electrically conductive material mounted on the substrate and terminal sections for providing electrical energy to the strip.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thermal print head in which heating resistance elements are arranged with high density. The thermal print head comprises a head substrate, formed of a single-crystal silicon wafer, and a print driver circuit element. The print driver circuit element, which is formed by doping the head substrate directly with an impurity, is composed of an MOS FET. A FET used to form the single-crystal silicon substrate has high electrical mobility, and serves to improve the operating speed of the thermal print head. Each heating resistance element, whose base material is polycrystalline silicon, is adjusted to a predetermined resistance value by being subjected to diffusion of an impurity. The resistance elements are formed on a protuberance which is formed on the head substrate. Thus, the portion of an insulating protective film which corresponds to the protuberance projects outward from the rest, thereby ensuring contact with a printing sheet.

Abstract: A method of forming an electrical heating element in the form of an electrically non-conductive supporting body onto which an electrically resistive material is deposited, the method comprising the steps of preparing a dry metal powder of irregularly shaped metal particles of widely varying sizes, in the range 20-150 microns, roughening the surface of a supporting body onto which a heating element is to be formed, pre-heating said surface of the supporting body to a temperature within the range of 150.degree.-250.degree. C. and flame spraying the dry metal powder onto said heated surface of the supporting body in a plurality of passes over the supporting body. The effective resistivity of the flame sprayed deposit is predetermined by adjusting the amount of oxidation on the surfaces of the metallic particles sprayed onto the supporting body.

Abstract: A resistance heating element includes a three dimensional substrate having and electrically conductive tin oxide-containing coating on at least a portion of all three dimensions thereof, the coated substrate being adapted and structured to provide heat upon the application of an electrical potential across the coated substrate.

Abstract: A multiple-layer, high transmittance, low emissivity coated article which can be subjected to high temperature processing such as bending, annealing, tempering, laminating or glass welding as a result of primer layers comprising metal and metal oxide is disclosed for use as an electroconductive coating for an electrically heatable transparency.

Abstract: This invention relates to cooking appliances. More particularly the invention relates to a heater unit for a cooking appliance and comprises a heater unit for a cooking appliance comprising a substrate, a layer consisting of or containing a ceramic material applied to the substrate and an electrically conducting path to the said layer.

Abstract: A thermal head for use in thermal printing including: a substrate having an upper face; an electrically insulating layer, coated over the upper face of the substrate; heating means, coated over the insulating layer, for providing heat for printing a dot of a picture; a protection layer, coated over the heating means; and dot area control means, formed above the heating means to receive sufficient heat for the printing, for transferring the heat from the heating means upwards for the printing of the dot and for controlling an area of the dot.

Abstract: An arrangement of components for constructing a heating device employing super thin conductive film (STCF) heating element includes the STCF heating element, in a layer, attached externally to a pan bottom by means of calcination through an aluminum monoxide film and a base device having terminal units for applying a suitable voltage to the STCF heating element when supporting the pan thereon.

Abstract: Disclosed is a face-like heating device using an organic PTC thermistor plate having at least one pair of electrodes formed on one major surface thereof and a soaking plate made of a material having a thickness in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm and having thermal conductivity of 0.4 cal cm.sup.-1 S.sup.-1 deg.sup.-1 or higher adhered to the other major surface thereof.

Abstract: A fibrous heating element having an electrical resistance of 1 to 100 .OMEGA./m is prepared by coating a core fiber, preferably a yarn, with one or more electroconductive layers consisting of a polyurethane resin having carbon particles dispersed therein. The fibrous element is pliable and can be knit or woven into a fabric, and is particularly suitable for use in an electric heating blanket or in an industrial heating element.

Abstract: An electrical connector for making a connection to a thick film track comprises a plurality of conductive fibres braided together, each of the fibres having a diameter so as to provide sufficient stiffness to the connector and to permit adhesion of the connector to a thick film track.

Abstract: An organic positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor includes an organic PTC thermistor sheet on one main surface of which a pair of electrodes are formed. A conductive sheet is adhered on each of the electrodes at terminal fixing portion by, for example, conductive adhesives. Both main surfaces of the organic PTC thermistor sheet together with the conductive sheets and the electrodes are covered by insulation film. A terminal is inserted so as to penetrate the insulation film, each of the conductive sheets, each of the electrodes, the organic PTC thermistor sheet and the insulation film, and then crimped.

Abstract: A transparent element for the uniform heating of a glass substrate includes: a heating member which is located on one surface of a glass substrate, the heating member including a thin, electrically conductive transparent film; and a thin, transparent antireflection coating applied to the surface of the electrically conductive transparent film. A method of forming a transparent heater for glass cells employed in spectroscopy or signal detection experiments includes the steps of coating a glass cell with first a transparent electrically conductive film; and coating the coated glass cell with a transparent antireflection coating. In a preferred embodiment, the conductive first transparent layer includes indium oxide containing approximately nine molar percent tin oxide and the second antireflection layer includes a highly transparent insulating material such as magnesium fluoride, which has a refractive index that is lower than the refractive index of the glass substrate.

Abstract: A high-temperature heating element useful as the heating means in baking ovens, washing machines, water heaters, toasters and dishwashers comprises an enamelled metal substrate and an overlying multilayer system consisting of an inner layer of an insulating glass, metallic conductor lines and an outer layer of a surface glass, wherein said multi-layer system is joined to the enamelled metal substrate by an intermediate layer.

Abstract: A branding device for marking articles which includes a holder having a socket cavity and an elongated ceramic type block having one end removably attached to the holder cavity and a branding indicia on a forward end face which projects from the cavity. A ceramic plate is embedded in the forward end of the type block and a heat generating member is printed as an electrically resistive pattern on a surface of the ceramic plate facing the forward, branding indicia end of the type block to heat the branding indicia. The heat generating member is provided as an electric resistance element having a positive temperature coefficient. Lead wires extend from the resistance element and are connected to electrodes received in plug portions of the socket cavity.

Abstract: A compound covering element for wall, ceiling or floor linings includes a ceramic tile provided with an electrically conductive coating on its back side which is heatable to thereby heat the tile. An electrically conductive coating on the visible side of the ceramic tile dissipates static electricity.