Abstract: There is disclosed a method of preparing a concentrated aqueous suspension of a finely ground particulate material by a multistage grinding process in which an aqueous suspension of the particulate material is passed to and treated by grinding in each of a series of grinding stages, wherein a water soluble polycarboxylate dispersing agent for the particulate material is added to the suspension at each of a plurality of dispersion agent addition sites or stages. The invention is characterised in that the aqueous suspension when treated by grinding in at least one of the grinding stages has a pH on the inclusive range 8.5 to 9.8. Using the method described, suspensions can be prepared which are rheologically stable with time, and which contain a relatively high proportion by weight of a finely divided pigment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for crushing and mixing soil and a soil improving agent in order to regenerate soft or sticky soil. According to the method of the invention, the soil and the soil improving agent are cut, crushed, and mixed by a crusher (7) in a primary cutting, crushing, and mixing process, and are then struck, crushed, and mixed in a secondary cutting, crushing, and mixing process. The device of the invention comprises the crusher (7), a rotary cutter (13) at the upper part of the crusher (7), a striker (10B) at the lower part thereof, and a conveyor (8) arranged on a vehicle body (3).

Abstract: Process and device for decomposing fibrous material in an installation including a drum having an inner wall, a first end, and a second end, a displacer having an outer wall positioned inside the drum, and a processing channel formed between at least a portion of the outer wall and at least a portion of the inner wall. The process includes pouring fibrous material to be decomposed into the drum, relatively moving the outer wall relative to the inner wall in a peripheral direction of the drum, and mechanically processing the fibrous material in the processing channel.

Abstract: A method and system for recycling construction waste articles is disclosed. In the method and system of this invention, construction waste articles are crushed into primary pieces of not larger than 200 mm in size. The primary pieces are screened into aggregate of not smaller than 40 mm in size and earth and sand. The aggregate is washed in a water tank using a water jetting and aeration effect with any floating materials floating on water. The washed aggregate is separated from water using a screen prior to being crushed into final pieces having sizes of 45-75 mm. The final pieces are divided into standard aggregate of not larger than 25 mm in size and substandard aggregate of larger than 25 mm in size. The substandard aggregate is returned to a cone crusher so as to be recrushed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the manufacture of extremely fine powders, which are ground wet in a mechanical grinder (1) and are subsequently dried. To obtain extremely fine sizes, the powders are ground wet as components of a suspension in the mechanical grinders. An air vortex grinder (4) is used as a dryer to obtain maximum agglomeration-free drying of the powders. The dried powder leaves the drying chamber (5) of the air vortex grinder (4) through an upper product discharge (8) and is fed through a line (9) to a filter cyclone (11). The suspension leaves the mechanical grinder (1) and is blown into the drying chamber (5) of the dryer (4).

Abstract: A multiaxes roll type of crusher comprises four rolls. The four rolls respectively have teeth for directly crushing materials. There would be virtually 6 pairs of rolls in mathematically. There are really at least three relations given for crushing. Raw materials are crushed with a first crushing-relation to be of smaller size. Such crushed materials are secondly crushed with a second crushing-relation and a third crushing-relation to be of still smaller size. The first roll and the second roll can rotate in reversely opposite directions. The third roll and the fourth roll can rotate in reversely opposite directions. The reverse rotations cancel the crushing-relations. The flow of the crushed materials are controlled by a flow controlling means, which opens and closes the path between the third roll and the fourth roll. The opened flow controlling means does not obstruct the flow of foreign materials between the third roll and the fourth roll.

Abstract: A granulator for separating the constituent parts of electrical cable containing relatively light-weight plastic covering relatively heavy electrically-conductive material. The granulator includes a first cutter for cutting the cable into short pieces and a second cutter for cutting the short pieces of cable into a still shorter length sufficient to detach the plastic from the electrically-conductive material to form a mixture of small pieces of plastic and electrically-conductive material. A vibratory sorter separates the mixture of plastic and electrically-conductive material, and includes an elongate, circular and spirally-extending track having a material inlet adjacent a bottom end thereof for receiving the mixture of plastic and electrically-conductive material for separation and a electrically-conductive material discharge slot adjacent a top end thereof for discharging electrically-conductive material.

Abstract: In order to reduce the conversion and cleaning effort between pre-dispersion by a dissolver (2) and fine dispersion by an agitating ball mill (3), it is proposed to combine both devices in a single container. The casing (31) of the agitating ball mill (3) is in the form of a toroidal annular channel with a central hole (34). The drive shaft (21) of the dissolver (2) runs through said central hole (34) in the agitating ball mill (3). Dispersion may take place in the dispersing device simultaneously or in succession. The agitating ball mill (3) is preferably lowered inside the container (1) along the common axis after a pre-determined time and caused to act on the substance to be dispersed (5).

Abstract: The thermoplastic resin waste containers are crushed into coarsely crushed pieces, an impact-grinding force and a centrifugal force are applied on the coarsely crushed pieces so that oily foreign objects be separated; i.e., the oily foreign objects are separated by the impact force and the grinding force. The difference in the centrifugal force separates the resin from the foreign object, the centrifugal force on the resin pieces being controlled by the impact-grinding force, while the centrifugal force on the oily foreign object is free from it. In the course of this process, the crushed pieces to be treated are formed into granules by the impact-grinding force, and the granulated granules are reused as a resin material. Foreign objects other than oils can be separated and removed more easily than oils.

Abstract: A large, mechanically agitated pump box is used between a mixer, for mixing oil sand and water to produce a slurry, and a pipeline for conveying the slurry to a processing facility. Prior to the aqueous slurry being discharged into the pump box from the mixer, it is screened to reject large solids. The oversize is directed to an impactor where it is comminuted and the comminuted product is screened again prior to being discharged into the pump box. The pump box is designed to increase the residence time of the slurry in the pump box and to separate the slurry into two phases, the suspended slurry and the larger lumps that cannot be suspended. The larger lumps that settle in the pump box are recycled to the impactor for comminution.

Abstract: A novel method for processing plastic waste and polyresin, particularly polyethylene, into usable plastic products is described. Plastic waste such as wire fluff generated as a by-product from wire-chopping operations can be used in the process. Also described are products obtained by the process.

Abstract: A trash disposal system for a building which facilitates the process of disposing of trash created within that building. The system includes a chute having an inlet within the building which routes the trash to one or more comminutors, such as grinders, arranged in series. The particles output from the comminutors are reduced in size and pass into a collection vessel installed underground external to the building. An agitator within the collection vessel mixes the trash particles introduced therein and promotes dissolution of the trash particles into water within the collection vessel. The water within the collection vessel, and the trash particles dissolved in that water, are either pumped or flow by gravity from the collection vessel to either a sewer lateral or a drain field for distribution. A method of disposing of trash is also disclosed.

Abstract: A round bale cutter has an open bale loading side and a cut hay exhaust side with a bale receiving area on a floor in between. The cutter includes a housing with a gap on the hay exhaust side extending the length of the machine just above the floor and a hay reprocessing chamber attached to housing and extending outward and downward from the gap. A rotary cutter drum equipped with knives about its periphery is supported on a drive shaft which extends from end to end of the housing, with the cutter drum being positioned in the gap in contact with a hay bale in the bale receiving area. The hay bale is initially cut by the drum, propelling cut hay strands into the hay reprocessing chamber where they circulate long enough to hit the rotary drum knives again. The twice cut strands, which are small enough to be used in feed mixing operations, are then expelled through an exhaust side opening in the hay reprocessing chamber.

Abstract: The present invention provides an industrial grinding machine and method of grinding by shredding between stationary cutters and rotating cutters placed within a plurality of cutting units, each cutting unit having a blunt stationary cutter and a blunt rotating cutter, which are spaced apart, without the use of sharpened knife blades.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of pseudolatices or micro- and/or nanoparticles, in which a polymer is crystalline, partially crystalline or amorphous, is selected from cellulose derivatives, poly(meth)acrylates, shellac, polylactides, polylactide/polyglycolide mixtures, polyhydroxy butyric acids or polycyanoacrylates and is heated to a temperature above its glass transition temperature and then high-pressure homogenized in water or an aqueous buffer solution and this suspension is converted, if necessary, into micro- and/or nanoparticles by drying. Medicaments can be worked into the pseudolatices, micro- and/or nanoparticles.

Abstract: Devices and corresponding mechanical non-fermentive methods for isolating seeds from fruits or vegetables and for releasing and separating the isolated seeds from their coats, according to one embodiment the device includes a first station including a first chamber and a second chamber at least partly separated therebetween by a perforation element, the first chamber engages a mixing mechanism for circulating a coated seeds including liquid mixture such that the coated seeds are scraped against the perforation element and passing through the element into the second chamber, the device further includes a second station including a third chamber engaging a vortexing mechanism for vortexing the liquid mixture, such that the seeds resulting from the first station are scraped against one another, thereby releasing the seeds from their coats, the device further includes drains for separating the released seed coats from the naked seeds.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for iron ore pellets production comprising at least one iron ore crushing stage in a roller press for the production of iron ore pellets. The crushing stage(s) can be done prior or after grinding, or still defined by successive passages of the material through the foregoing crushing stage.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for reprocessing mixed plastics, more particularly mixed plastics from household refuse. The material being reprocessed is shredded in a shredding stage, agglomerated in an agglomerator wherein volatile substances are sucked off by suction devices, and the agglomerated material is dried over a drying path. In order to reduce obstructive substances, such as paper and ash, the fine grain portion in particular of the plastics agglomerated is screened off. With the drying process it is possible to produce without wet processing steps which are high in energy consumption a plastics agglomerate of high quality which is suitable for industrial re-use.

Abstract: A method for recovering aluminum metal from varied size clumps of salt cake. The salt cake clumps have varied concentrations of aluminum metal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for recycling diaphragms, in particular a process for recycling used asbestos-free diaphragms from alkali metal chloride electrolysis, the diaphragm material being comminuted, the diaphragm material being washed with a wash substrate and a reusable material being obtained.

Abstract: A method for grinding of material in a ring roller mill having at least one grinding ring, at least one roller fitted in the grinding ring and at least one unit fitted between the roller and the grinding ring. The method includes the steps of operating the mill at a subcritical speed and at a grinding pressure above 40 MPa, placing the unit in the path where compacted material is released from the ring at a certain distance from a point P, which is the point on the ring where the material is released, in such a way that the unit is hit by agglomerates formed during operation at an angle between 60.degree. and 120.degree., said angle being between the surface of the unit and the direction of incidence of the material, after the latter is released from the grinding ring, and that the loosened material is distributed over the draw-in-zone in front of the roller and over the roller.

Abstract: In this method of comminution according to the invention, pre-comminuted ore material is subjected to material bed comminution in a material bed roll mill. In order to achieve optimal comminution even of very different ore materials with a high throughput the ore material is pre-comminuted in an autogenous mill, whereupon at least fractions of fine material are separated out of the pre-comminuted material before the rest of the material is further comminuted in the material bed comminution.

Abstract: A method of controlling the operation of the bowl mills in a coal-fired steam generating power plant is disclosed; and in particular a method of controlling the operation of such bowl mills such that the furnace of a steam generating power plant can more rapidly respond to abrupt changes in the demands placed upon the output of the furnace due to abrupt changes in the power requirements of an electric power grid.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating the surfaces of solid particles has at least a first cylindrical treating chamber and a rotary shaft and a first rotor having two or more blades on its front face, contained in the first cylindrical treating chamber. A powder charging aperture for introducing the solid particles into the first cylindrical treating chamber together with gas is provided at the center of the front wall of the first cylindrical treating chamber, opposed to the front face of the first rotor. A first powder discharging aperture for discharging the treated solid particles is provided at the center of the rear wall of the first cylindrical treating chamber, opposed to the rear face of the first rotor. The first rotor is connected with the rotary shaft and rotated by the rotation of the rotary shaft. The height H.sub.a of the blades, the gap L.sub.1a between the tip of each of the blades and the front wall, the largest diameter R.sub.1a of the first rotor and the gap L.sub.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for continuously making chopped amorphous fibers that uses an air transport system. The apparatus includes a source of floss, a duct for transporting the floss while it is entrained in a stream of gaseous carrier medium, a chopper for chopping the floss, and a separator. In a preferred embodiment, the floss is chopped while it is entrained in the stream of gaseous carrier medium using a rotating ring chopper, and the chopped floss is subsequently separated using a cyclone separator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for directly and multiply making material collide in an essentially deterministic manner, the material being guided by a rotating guide member, from a central feed, along a guide face and to a delivery end, in such a manner, that the material leaves the guide member, from an essentially predetermined take-off location, at an essentially predetermined take-off angle and at a take-off velocity which can be selected with the aid of the angular velocity, with the instantaneous angle (.theta.

Abstract: A method and apparatus serve to packaging material and its contents, specifically from packaging elements filled with soft material such as food packaging. The method allows a clean separation of the packaging and content materials so that, according to the application, each of these materials can be reused individually with substantially no further preparation. The apparatus comprises a combination of a coarse cutter in the form of a shredder and a soft separator working on the drum and pressing belt principle with a further fine cutter or fragmenter in the form of a blower mill arranged downstream of these. By coarsely cutting the packaging materials prior to compression, cavities in which amounts of contents material may remain trapped cannot be formed, the soft separator can thus operate more effectively to cleanly separate the two materials.

Abstract: Reducing apparatus includes a bottom rotor rotatable at a relatively high speed to provide relatively high centrifugal and G forces for reducing material disposed on the rotor. An upper conical element is disposed above the rotor and is free-wheeling relative to the bottom rotor, and thus rotates in response to rotation of the bottom rotor. Material to be reduced moves downwardly onto the bottom rotor through the conical element. High centrifugal and G forces resulting from the high rotational speed of the bottom rotor move the material outwardly to impinge upon the conical element for reduction. Vertical spacing between the two rotating members may be adjusted for varying the degree or extent of the reduction. The axes of rotation of the two members may be offset to provide additional G forces and a scrubbing action.

Abstract: There is provided a new and useful method and apparatus for use in the cutting, processing and discharge of material. The apparatus comprises a container having a first cutter driven about a vertical axis by a first motor, a housing radially open to the container having a second cutter driven by a second motor which second cutter rotates in the same direction as the first cutter and which second cutter protrudes radially into the container and discharge means for selectively discharging processed material from the container.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for chemically and physically stabilizing contaminated soil is disclosed. The soil is homogenized in a homogenizer; dropped into a mixer below the homogenizer and mixed with an additive; then dropped to a processing terminus located below the mixer. The apparatus and method are useful for processing highly clumped and/or acidic soil, e.g., soil contaminated with mining waste.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to, from thermoplastic molded resin articles composed by a variety of laminating thermoplastic resin materials, separate, classify, select and recover the thermoplastic resin materials with classification in terms of type for reusing these materials.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a hydrogen-storage-alloy powder for batteries, which is a useful material for a negative electrode of a nickel-hydrogen secondary battery whose internal pressure in an overcharged state is low, the method comprising a process for crushing a hydrogen-storage-alloy ingot into a coarse alloy powder in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and a process for mechanically grinding the coarse alloy powder in contact with an aqueous solution in which any one of salts including a sulfite, hydrogen phosphate, and dihydrogen phosphate is dissolved or with an aqueous alkali solution containing cobalt.

Abstract: The waste material processing system of the present invention includes a (1) waste material supply; (2) shredder; (3) moisture reducing device; (4) crusher having a rotatable screw auger positioned within a cavity of the crusher for crushing and conveying waste material and a pressurizing device such as a conduit attached to the discharge end of the cavity for exerting a backpressure upon a portion of the waste material positioned about the second end of the auger such that a portion of the scrap glass fibers in the waste material is crushed; (5) dryer; and (6) separating device for separating waste material having a mean average length of less than about 5 millimeters from oversized dried waste material. Also provided by the present invention is a process for recycling waste material using the system.

Abstract: A mixer circuit, in the form of a vertically oriented stack of components, functions to slurry oil sand with water in preparation for pumping through a pipeline. The oil sand is initially dropped from the end of a conveyor. It is contacted in mid-air with a stream of water to distribute the water through the oil sand and to wet the latter. The mixture drops into a downwardly slanted trough. The water and oil sand mix as they move turbulently through the open-ended trough. The slurry is deflected as it leaves the trough and is spread in the form of a thin sheet on an apron. It is then fed over screens to reject oversize lumps. The screened slurry drops into a pump box. The screened slurry drops into a box. The rejected lumps are comminuted in an impactor positioned at the end of the screens. The comminuted oil sand is screened to remove remaining oversize lumps and the screened comminuted oil sands are delivered into the pump box. The structure is compact and the oversize reject loss is relatively low.

Abstract: A landplaster production method includes the steps of providing a supply of particulate gypsum material, drying the gypsum material by passing a stream of heated air thereby as the material is rotated, classifying and separating the dried particles into fines and coarse particles, collecting the suspended fines in a collector, passing the coarse particles to a grinder such as a roller mill for reducing the particles, and mixing the reduced particles with the collected fines for processing into landplaster. The elimination of fines from the feed to the grinder results in significantly greater production by increasing the efficiency of the grinder. Further, the dryer is modified to agitate the dried gypsum material so that it may be more easily introduced into the classifier/separator situated adjacent the drier discharge outlet.

Abstract: A recycling method and apparatus that almost completely removes paints and pigments on the surfaces of empty aluminum cans to recover aluminum with very few impurities. Pressed blocks of aluminum cans are shredded into small aluminum pieces (a) by shredding means (1, 2, and 3), and foreign matter mixed in the aggregate of aluminum pieces obtained is removed. The aggregate of small aluminum pieces (a) free from foreign matter is agitated by a paint removing device (20) using a rotating body (36) that rotates at a high speed, in order to remove paints and pigments coated on the surfaces of the aluminum pieces (a) employing frictional force caused by the difference in speed as well as adhesion. The small aluminum pieces (a) free from paints and pigments are molded again into aluminum compacts (b) by a compression molding machine.

Abstract: A method of driving a dual axis shearing type crushing machine mounted on a self-traveling vehicle body for crushing crushable building scraps at a building wrecking site. The crushing machine includes a pair of rotary shafts provided with a plurality of cutters within a housing on the vehicle body. The rotary shafts are supported sidelong so as to be concurrently rotatable, and the crushing machine also includes a scraper attached to an inner surface of the housing on the vehicle body so as to oppose the cutters and the rotary shafts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for recycling diaphragms, in particular a process for recycling used asbestos-free diaphragms from alkali metal chloride electrolysis, the diaphragm material being comminuted, the diaphragm material being washed with a wash substrate and a reusable material being obtained.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for recycling glass waste comprising glass and non-glass materials. The apparatus has a device for receiving and presizing the glass waste to produce presized glass waste. A first conveyor receives the presized glass waste and transfers it to a storage hopper. The presized glass waste is then transported to an impact mill via a second conveyor. The rate of movement of the second conveyor is regulated by a control device located within the impact mill. In the impact mill, the glass component of the glass waste is beat off the non-glass component of the glass waste to produce a pulverized mixture. The pulverized mixture is then sent to a screening device via a third conveyor. In the screening device, the glass and non-glass material are separated from the pulverized mixture and collected for reuse.

Abstract: A moving point involved in a movable teeth plate of an eccentric jaw crusher rotates on a closed loop, being called hysteresis curve in the specification. The motion of rotation has a top side dead point and a bottom side dead point on one cycle. The normal rotation in the normal direction enables harder materials, concrete, for example to be crushed at high efficiency, the reverse rotation in the reverse direction enabling soft materials, asphalt, for example to be also crushed at high efficiency. One self moving crusher can crush harder and soft materials at the same field where buildings are destroyed, or roads are repaired.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for disintegration of thermoplastic elastomeric materials containing fibres, wires or the like. This method comprises the following two steps: subjecting segments of the elastomeric materials to temperatures able to bring the segments into a brittle glass-like state (by means of a freezing chamber), and gradual disintegrating of the frozen segments by disintegrating means provided to separate the segments from the wires and fibres. This disintegration is effected by means of a bending force applied to the frozen segments causing them to break into small particles while the wires and fibres remain substantially intact. After the disintegration, separation of the small particles, wires and fibres takes place by separating means.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and apparatus for producing bone graft material for use in conjunction with bone grafting procedures wherein fragments of bone material are placed within a hollow receptacle (12) which has a periphery wall defining a milling chamber and a removable base plate (11) which is releasably secured by fasteners (13) to the open bottom end of the receptacle (12). A crushing tool (18) slidably engages within the chamber and is caused to impact against the bone fragments so as to consolidate same into a solid physical mass, whereafter the consolidated crushed bone material is machined or ground using a spherical reamer (22) attached to a power drill (23). Preferably the bone material is crushed by means of a hammer (20) which is manually impacted against the top end of the crushing tool (18).

Abstract: A mobile self-contained apparatus and process for grinding, grating, macerating, chemically disinfecting, and drying infectious waste material on-site. A trailer contains a hopper and a system of grinder/graters, enclosed conveyors, drying and filter apparatus, and sources of power, chemical disinfectant, and fresh water. Bagged infectious waste material in a cart is lifted and dumped into a hopper, fed to a first grinder/grater, ground and grated into particles, immersed in a sodium hypochlorite (hypochlorous acid) chemical disinfectant solution, and conveyed by an enclosed upwardly inclined screw conveyor to a second grinder/grater.

Abstract: A method and system for reclaiming aggregate from concrete waste material includes crushing step and means of compression-crushing lumps of concrete waste material into a crushed mixture, and sorting the crushed mixture by size thereof, grinding step and means of rotating the crushed mixture sorted to grind it with a grinding member which rotates in an opposite direction to the rotating direction of the crushed mixture sorted, thereby peeling mortar from gravel, crushed stones and sand of the crushed mixture to obtain a mixture of gravel, crushed stones, sand, cement and mortar, and product separating step and means of separating the mixture of gravel, crushed stones, sand, cement and mortar into gravel and crushed stones, sand, cement and mortar.

Abstract: Fiberglass filaments are cut into fiberglass staple fibers having a maximum predetermined length with an apparatus comprising a cutter to cut the filaments into fiber segments; a fiber aligner to align the fiber segments in a given direction; and a chopper for cutting said fiber segments transverse to the given direction at spaced intervals having a spacing equal to the predetermined length.

Abstract: A propolis piece is comminuted into fine grains or further into colloid to produce a propolis food which is easy to eat. The comminution is achieved using one of a rolling ball mill, a vibrating mill, a tower mill, a medium agitating mill, a roller mill, a high-speed tumbling mill, a jet mill, a planetary mill and an attrition mill.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for recycling electronic waste in the form of disassembled printed circuit boards from electronic devices, from which the components have not been removed, known as printed circuit boards. After removal of the batteries, mercury switches and PCB-containing capacitors, the printed circuit boards are mechanically precomminuted and the particles are cryogenically embrittled with liquid nitrogen and comminuted in a hammermill.

Abstract: A device for use in a pulping process comprises first and second pulping units for processing feed material. A flow path connects the first pulping unit to the second pulping unit for transporting material between the units. The second pulping unit has devices for separating pulped material into a first material component comprising waste matter collected at the bottom of the second pulping unit, a second material component comprising sieved pulped material and third material component comprising unsieved pulped material. The second and third material component are separated from the first material component and are transported as a unitary flow to a primary space. Mixing and sieving devices are located in the primary space for separating the second material component from the first material component. The second material component comprises material which passes the sieving device and the third material component comprises material which does not pass the sieving device.

Abstract: To provide a high-efficient apparatus for minimizing the volume of dust to be buried in the ground or processed in incineration process by crushing a waste article such as wasted electric appliances, separating an individual material component, and discriminating and extracting valuable resources. Motor and other waste articles separated at a metallic lump separation station are cooled down by a cooling apparatus, and put into a soft crushing apparatus where articles are crushed at low temperature. After the residual articles, including housing and so on are crushed primarily by the coarse crushing apparatus, they are forwarded to the soft crushing apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method as well as to apparatus for combined grinding of at least two materials of differing grindability, such as clinker and limestone, wherein the material which is more difficult to grind is pre-crushed to a Blaine fineness of grinding of at least 700 cm.sup.2 /g and there-after is further ground together with the other material to produce the finished material.