Abstract: A coating is detected on a substantially planar object (9), such as a sheet, which is moving in a predetermined direction. The object has a coating (30) on at least a part of its planar surface, which coating is at least partially transparent to visible radiation. An emitter (33) is adapted to emit a beam of substantially non-visible electromagnetic radiation having a predetermined wavelength range towards the object (9). A scanner (36) is adapted to scan the beam of electromagnetic radiation in a direction that has at least a component transverse to the predetermined direction. A sensor (34) detects radiation in the predetermined wavelength range which is reflected in a specular manner by the object (9). The presence and/or absence of a coating (30) on the object is determined on the basis of the magnitude of specularly reflected radiation.

Abstract: A method an apparatus uses the narrow-band measurement of the absorption of given spectral lines of a gas using laser light sources, so that the spectrally resolved measurement of individual absorption lines, and thus the selection of an individual gas component, is possible. A laser diode which is operated at a higher temperature is correspondingly varied over a certain temperature region, wherein the selected spectral line is crossed. On the basis of absorption measurements, the method and sensor deliver the gas concentration, with a high selectivity.

Abstract: An infrared sensor system technique for fusing sensor outputs for display to a user, including sensor outputs from an internetted system.

Abstract: A system performs two types of spectral calibration. For the first type, the system collects data from monitoring an analytical separation of several spectrally-distinguishable molecular species and creates a data matrix from the collected data. Each element in the data matrix represents a signal intensity at a particular time and over a particular range of light wavelengths. The system then identifies regions in the data matrix that have spectral response characteristics of at least one of the molecular species, determines a set of pure component spectral responses from the identified regions, groups similar pure component spectral responses into clusters, determines a representative spectral response for each cluster, and correlates the representative spectral response for each cluster with one of the molecular species.

Abstract: A method for determining the composition of a target includes the steps of sensing radiation in the short wave infrared range scattered by the target, measuring the polarization of the sensed radiation and determining, from the polarization of the sensed radiation, the presence of at least one of water and ice particles in the target area.

Abstract: An image can be read during main scanning under an optimized image reading condition even if dust is attached to a document such as a photographic film or the like, or if there are scratches. A scanner irradiates visible light and infrared light from a light source, and an image of the document is separated into infrared and visible components. These components are detected for pixels of the image by an image sensor. A controller, e.g., of the scanner recognizes defective pixels based on the infrared component. Furthermore, the controller corrects a visible component level in the defective pixel based on the infrared component level of the defective pixel and a reference level obtained where there is no defect, in order to create a histogram. The controller determines image reading conditions such as, for example, an exposure amount (exposure time) for use during main scanning and an LUT gradation conversion characteristic based on this histogram.

Abstract: An infrared sensor is formed with a first infrared detecting element for infrared detection disposed in a container through a supporting substrate, and a second infrared detecting element for temperature compensation also disposed in the container to be shielded by the supporting substrate of the first infrared detecting element from incident infrared within the container, while a temperature sensing section of the first infrared detecting element is born in non-contacting state with respect to a supporting part of the substrate for the element, whereby the sensitivity can be remarkably improved with a simpler arrangement while keeping a high precision and inexpensiveness.

Abstract: A multiple sensing technology-based occupancy sensor including a unique sensor case assembly and sensor mounting scheme. The result is an occupancy sensor that is adjustable to provide broader ultrasonic pattern coverage and an ability to focus infrared energy from a variety of directions. In addition, the unique mounting scheme permits simple and efficient installation of the occupancy sensor.

Abstract: A logging tool system for analyzing the carbon dioxide concentration in a fluid sample downhole in a borehole. A chamber is filled with the fluid sample and is closed to isolate the fluid sample from the borehole. The interior chamber volume is expanded to decompress the fluid sample, and a transmitter discharges light in the mid-infrared range. A sensor measures the absorbance of mid-infrared light by the decompressed fluid sample and generates a signal representing the carbon dioxide concentration. Mid-infrared light absorbance in the range between 4.1 and 4.4 microns can be analyzed by the processor to identify the carbon dioxide concentration in the fluid sample, and infrared absorbance in the mid-infrared range between 3.2 and 3.6 microns can be analyzed to identify methyl and metheylene components. A wiper cleans the transmitter and sensor between readings to reduce measurement errors caused by fluid sample contamination.

Abstract: Zones of a passive infrared (PIR) motion detector lens are staggered at close range to provide for pet immunity. In a dual sensor, dual lens configuration, the sensor signal is acted on to generate an alarm only when the sensor signal is simultaneous, indicating that an infrared emitting object big enough to cross both staggered zones of a zone pair has been detected. To further enhance sensitivity and immunity to noise, two dual element PIR sensors are arranged in opposite polarity with their elements vertically parallel. The sensor output is simultaneous and of opposite polarity, and noise can be suppressed by blocking like-polarity signals.

Abstract: The present invention discloses testing turfgrass samples in a spectrophotometer. The resulting color output is provided to a processor for determining the quantitative color scale. The resultant output of the processor might be a single number 1 through 9—depending on the relative “greenness” of the tested turfgrass. To determine the standardized number, the processor compares the received color output from the spectrophotometer to a first stored set of values. Additionally, the received color output can be compared to a second stored set of values to predictively determine if adjusting certain nutrients, water, fertilizer, etc. will result in beneficial or other desired results in the turf. The first and second stored set of values or data is empirically established. In addition, a sealed turfgrass sample as a check or calibration sample, in connection with the use of NIRS equipment to determine instrument performance.

Abstract: A system and method are set forth for photoacoustical analysis of isotope and other compounds having telltale absorption wavelengths between 1700-2500 nm. The system and method includes a Co:Mg F2, an optical parametric oscillator (OPO), or a diode laser tunable between 1700-2500 nm which is directed into a sample at energies sufficient to generate detectable acoustical emissions. A microphone detects the emissions for processing and analysis. The system and method is adapted to detect stable isotope compounds such as 13CO2 as well as other chemical compounds. For non-gaseous compounds, a CO2 or diode laser is used to photoablate the gaseous sample containing the suspected compound.

Abstract: Apparatus for inspecting a container having an open mouth and a closed bottom spaced from the container mouth, while the container is hot from its manufacture, includes a light sensor disposed with respect to the container to view the container bottom through the container mouth. Infrared light energy emitted from the container bottom that travels through the container mouth is directed onto the light sensor, and the inside diameter of the container mouth is measured as a function of the light energy directed onto the sensor. The light sensor preferably comprises an area array sensor for developing a two-dimensional image of the container mouth, and the infrared light energy is directed onto the sensor by a telecentric lens arrangement. The area array sensor is disposed within a camera that has an entrance pupil and the telecentric lens arrangement has one focus at infinity directed toward the container bottom and a second focus at the entrance pupil of the camera.

Abstract: A staring horizon sensor is mounted on an orbiting satellite has one or more linear infrared detector arrays having the horizon being detected imaged thereon. The arrays are each connected in cyclic repetitive alternating polarity patterns for generating at least two output signals which are offset in phase. The output signals are processed to locate the position of the horizon on the arrays. The repetitive pattern interconnection of the elements in the arrays provide a focal plane data compression which reduces the bandwidth as well as the complexity of the processing electronics. In addition, interconnecting the detective elements in repetitive alternating polarity groups having a spatial frequency greater than the spatial frequency of the thermal variation of the horizon minimize any error due to the earth's thermal variations.

Abstract: A stage for an infrared spectroscope has a focusing body and a sampling element spaced apart by a mounting fixture. The focusing body and sampling element optically cooperate by transmission and internal refraction and reflection to focus an infrared beam on a sample surface and to collect the beam for analysis after it was reflected from the sample surface. The sampling element is made of a durable material and can be removably mounted in the fixture.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for distinguishing a boundary of an object, and the object itself, from its background. In the method electromagnetic radiation is detected from at least one field of view substantially spanning the boundary of the object and background adjacent to the boundary and superimposed or overlaid as images onto a detector. The method includes correlating spatial transitions in intensity of the overlaid images on the detector with a boundary of the object. When used for determining the attitude of a satellite with respect to the earth, the detector is a thermal infrared detector thereby providing a sharp contrast between the thermal emission of the earth and cold space. The invention provides a simple, effective method and device for determining satellite orientation and/or attitude with respect to a thermal infrared-emitting target body.

Abstract: A noninvasive infrared spectrometer which includes an infrared detector system for measuring the intensity, wavelength, and time varying nature of infrared energy emanating from deep layers within a body. Before detection, the energy emanating from deep within the body passes through layers of that body in the presence of a natural or induced thermal gradient. The measured infrared energy is processed into an absorption spectra and then into a concentration of at least one constituent of the body which concentration may be strongly dependent on the depth into the body. In one embodiment the temperature gradient is induced by chilling the surface of the body to provide a clearer indication of the infrared absorption levels of the deeper constituents. Other embodiments describe the sequential or simultaneous heating and cooling of the heterogenous body to induce and capture the transient infrared absorption spectral information.

Abstract: A quantum well infrared detector comprised of a quantum well semiconductor structure having two adjacent quantum states. The structure is electrically tunable by photon induced resonant tunneling between the quantum wells. An infrared tunable detector device having a large responsivity, sharp line width and wide tunability is defined by the following characteristics: a transmission matrix element in the range of 1.1.times.10.sup.17 /nm to 1.5.times.10.sup.17 /nm; and a tuning distance in the range of 20 .ANG. to of 70 .ANG..

Abstract: An aiming device (or method) which monitors rotational and angular displacement changes with high precision. The detected changes in rotation and/or angular displacement are then used in various operations depending on the implementation. The invention is useful for many different implementations, including a pointing device, a remote control device, and a shooting practice system. Regardless of implementation, the invention utilizes one or more emitters which emit modulated energy signals, and a detector which detects the emitted energy signals. The detected energy signals are processed by a processing unit to determine a point of aim (angular displacement) and a rotation of a detector with respect to the one or more emitters. As a remote control device, the invention enables a user to invoke actions by pointing and rotation of the remote control device. As a shooting practice system, the invention predicts shot placement on a target with high accuracy, while supporting both "live" fire and "dry" fire.

Abstract: A passive infrared intrusion detection device uses a dual element pyroelectric detector and a housing for surrounding and containing the dual element pyroelectric detector. The housing has a plurality of Fresnel lens elements for gathering infrared radiation from a "look down" volume of space and for focusing the gathered infrared radiation onto the pyroelectric detector. A mask positioned between the plurality of Fresnel lens elements and the detector partially occludes the gathered infrared radiation from the Fresnel lens elements to one of the elements of the dual element pyroelectric detector creating an imbalance in the signal thereby preventing common mode rejection.

Abstract: A system for monitoring a structure is built on a printed circuit board (PCB) mounted at the surface of the structure. A piece of single crystal silicon is mounted on the PCB and is in contact with the structure. An infrared source directly illuminates the silicon while an infrared detector is focused thereon to monitor isochromatic fringe patterns projected from the silicon as a direct indication of stress at the surface. One or more other sensors are coupled to the PCB for collecting data indicative of other physical conditions experienced by the structure. A wireless system communicates with each such sensor so that the data so collected can be received at a remote location.

Abstract: A multifunction passive infrared occupancy sensor functions as an occupancy sensor for security systems and also as an occupancy sensor for energy management control systems. The occupancy sensor comprises at least one segmented infrared lens array wherein the segments of the infrared lens array establish different optical lobes in the field of view of the occupancy sensor. At least one pyroelectric infrared detector is positioned at or near the focal point of the segmented infrared lens array, for detecting movement of infrared sources within the field of view of the occupancy sensor and producing an output signal representative thereof. A processing means analyzes the output signal of the detector for security detection purposes by detecting changes in the output signal greater than a given security threshold.

Abstract: A system and method of measurement of emissivity and radiance of a wafer in a rapid thermal processing chamber enables determination of wafer temperature and control of temperature of the wafer. Mirrors enclose the chamber and reflect radiation from lamps within the chamber to heat the workpiece of interest. One or more viewing ports are provided in one of the mirrors to allow for the egress of radiant energy emitted by the wafer. The wavelength of the exiting radiation is selected by an optical filter having a passband which passes radiation at wavelengths emitted by the wafer while excluding radiation emitted by heating lamps. A chopper having surface regions differing in their reflectivity and transmissivity is positioned along an optical path of radiation propagating through the one or more ports, this resulting in a pulsation of detected radiation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for distinguishing a boundary of an object, and the object itself, from its background. In the method electromagnetic radiation is detected from at least two fields of view substantially spanning the boundary of the object and background adjacent to the boundary and superimposed or overlaid as images onto a detector. The method includes correlating spatial transitions in intensity of the overlaid images on the detector with a boundary of the object. When used for determining the attitude of a satellite with respect to the earth, the detector is a thermal infrared detector thereby providing a sharp contrast between the thermal emission of the earth and cold space. The invention provides a simple, effective method and device for determining satellite orientation and/or attitude with respect to a thermal infrared-emitting target body.

Abstract: An aircraft has an exhaust flame or plume which can be modulated to communicate. A sound emitter is mounted to the aircraft for emitting acoustic waves into the exhaust plume. An encoder will control the emitter at selected digital sequence to provide a digital message. The flame or plume will radiate at a frequency range of interest depending on the type of aircraft. The sound waves cause the frequencies to change from a continuous spectrum to a spectrum which has a much lower amplitude. A detector remotely located from the aircraft will detect radiation. It filters frequencies outside of the frequency range of interest. It will discriminate between the modulated pattern and the continuous pattern. This output provides the digital code that was encoded by the encoder. A decoder will decode the message for the recipient.

Abstract: Apparatus for and method of increasing the effective integration time, and, hence, reducing the noise bandwidth of a photodetector. The current output of the photodetector is converted to a voltage signal in a low pass filter. The low pass filter is preferably implemented as a switched capacitor filter.

Abstract: A flame detector employs a plurality of wavelength selective radiation detectors and a digital signal processor programmed to analyze each of the detector signals, and determine whether radiation is received directly from a small flame source that warrants generation of an alarm. The processor's algorithm employs a normalized cross-correlation analysis of the detector signals to discriminate between radiation received directly from a flame and radiation received from a reflection of a flame to insure that reflections will not trigger an alarm. In addition, the algorithm employs a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) frequency spectrum analysis of one of the detector signals to discriminate between flames of different sizes. In a specific application, the detector incorporates two infrared (IR) detectors and one ultraviolet (UV) detector for discriminating between a directly sensed small hydrogen flame, and reflections from a large hydrogen flame.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for measuring the amplitude of radiation emitted by an object and compensating for the effects of ambient temperature fluctuations. A radiation sensor is provided receiving radiation from the object and converting it into an alternating current sensor output signal. A thermal sensor detects an ambient temperature proximately to the radiation sensor and generates an alternating current compensation signal having an amplitude proportional to the ambient temperature. A summing amplifier coupled to the radiation sensor and the thermal sensor combines the sensor output signal from the radiation sensor and the compensation signal from said thermal sensor to form an alternating current output signal. The amplitude of the alternating current output signal is proportional to the amplitude of radiation emitted by the object and excludes the effect on the instrument by the ambient temperature.

Abstract: A measurement chamber for measuring the quantity and composition of liquids, fabricated of a uniform semi-transparent material for illumination using infrared light. The chamber construction alleviates the problem of bypass light via the side walls of the chamber, and the construction is simple and suitable for mass production.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an homogeneous immunoassay system for the determination of an antibody or an antigen in a sample which consists of an interferometric signal emitted from an infrared source, a waveguide coated with an antibody or an antigen and having at least one region immersed in an aqueous sample, whereby the corresponding antigen or antibody can be complexed on the surface of the waveguide, a detector adapted to measure the interferometric signal after its propagation through the waveguide, and a measuring device to take the Fourier transform of the interferometric signal for determining the degree of attenuation of the interferometric signal at a wavelength corresponding to an absorption characteristic of an infrared label incorporated into the antigen-antibody complex, whereby determining the concentration of antigen or antibody in the sample.

Abstract: Intensity of optical emission from a combustion flame within a gas turbine combustor is monitored through an optical window in the combustor wall by a primary detector. Because the window is susceptible to becoming coated with deposits during combustor operation, compensation for presence of a coating is achieved by directing illumination from an optical signal source, such as a silicon carbide light-emitting diode, into the window for internal reflection at an optical interface defined by the combustion side surface. A compensation detector, such as a silicon carbide photodiode, detects intensity of the internally reflected illumination as an indicator of the window coating thickness. The compensation detector is located at a non-combustion side of the window, along with a reference detector that responds to intensity of optical signal source illumination reflected from the non-combustion side surface of the window.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photoelectric conversion device in which a photodiode capacitance is increased. A transparent electrode is formed between a reflecting plate and a photodiode constituting a unitary picture element of a CCD image sensor. It is so formed that light is incident from the rear surface and the loop of the standing wave of the light comes on a platinum silicide film, thereby achieving the effective absorption of the incident light. The transparent electrode is formed between the reflecting plate and the photodiode in opposition to the platinum silicide film. The capacitance between the transparent electrode and the platinum silicide film can be utilized as photodiode capacitance.

Abstract: A thermal imaging system (10) for providing an image representative of an amount of thermal radiation incident to the system is provided. The system (10) includes a thermal detector (28 or 30) made from a layer of temperature sensitive material forming a first element of a signal-producing circuit (54). The first element (28 or 30) has either a resistance or capacitance value depending on its temperature. The system (10) also includes an integrated circuit substrate (32) having a second element (56, 58, 62, or 64) of the signal-producing circuit (54) complementary and electrically coupled to the first element (28 or 30). The signal-producing circuit (54) may produce an output signal having a frequency. The frequency of the output signal is monitored as representing an absolute temperature of the detector (28 or 30) so as to determine the amount of thermal energy incident to the system (10).

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the measurement and control of polyamides and polyamide precursor mixtures by means of near-infrared spectroscopy.

Abstract: A method for directly measuring the concentration of biocides in aqueous systems comprising directly determining an absorbance or emission spectrum of the aqueous system in a wavelength range of from 200 to 2500 nm and applying chemometrics algorithms to the spectrum to determine the concentration of the biocides.

Abstract: An intruder detection system for senses infrared radiated by an intruder through a window-pane and detecting the intrusion through the reception of an output from the infrared sensors. The system includes a light emitter for projecting infrared rays toward a detection area and a light acceptor for receiving at least part of the infrared rays projected by the light emitter through an obstruction detection optical path. The light emitter and the light acceptor are located on opposite sides of the window-pane.

Abstract: In a new method, a defective electrochemical cell is detected by non-invasive means before assembly into a battery comprising multiple cells. The method detects faulty cells by sensing and detecting variations in the intensity level of infrared radiation emitted from an exterior surface of the cell or battery. The scanning and detection, preferably, is conducted by sensing infrared energy in a range of about 2 to about 12 um (microns) emitted from the major surface of the cell or battery. The variations are recorded as a function of geometric variables indicative of the geographic position of the variations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for controlling a physical property such as deposited film thickness to a desired value of control in a high temperature process using a desired emissivity power ratio and an emissivity power ratio measured from detected radiation energy. The measured emissivity power ratio is obtained on-line from detection signals of radiation sensors. A desired value of control is converted to the desired emissivity power ratio using predetermined relationships established by theory or experiment. The desired emissivity power ratio and the measured emissivity power ratio are compared to achieve the desired value of control.

Abstract: An infrared intrusion sensor includes an array of infrared detectors, infrared collection optics, a focal plane scanning device having a dither adapted to repetitively scan the infrared radiation across the detector array, signal process devices, and local or remote displays. The sensor incorporates heterodyne detection techniques with a local oscillator signal derived from the scanning frequency of the focal plane scanning device. The sensor has a low false alarm rate and enhanced detection range. A method of processing the signals includes analog to digital conversion, integration of the digital signals to produce a background signal, phase sensitive detection of the digital signal producing a target signal, and comparison of the background and target signals producing a difference signal. The difference signal is integrated to produce a background noise signal and processed to become a threshold signal which is finally compared to the difference signal to produce an alarm signal.

Abstract: The present application is directed to the use of photon migration analysis to provide a method of analyzing the diffuse reflectance, fluorescence, Raman or other types of spectra obtained from tissue. This procedure provides a means for processing spectral data such that the distortion in fluorescence spectra, for example, caused by the interplay of a variety of factors such as scattering, absorption, geometry and boundary conditions, can be precisely removed simply by measuring the diffuse reflectance spectrum as well as a second selected spectrum, such as fluorescence, and adjust the spectrum with the reflectance spectrum as described herein. By this procedure, the sample-to-sample variability is minimized. The intrinsic spectrum extracted by this procedure can be easily deconvoluted and provide quantitative information about the physicochemical composition of tissue. Analytical procedures for clinical diagnosis have been developed based on this method.

Abstract: A process of controlling the blending of components to produce a product composition at a target value for least one characteristic has been developed. The process involves varying the proportion of the components, determining with each variation the change in the value of a characteristic, adjusting the proportion of those components to afford a new composition where the value of the characteristic is numerically closer to the target value, and repeating the steps until the target value of the characteristic is achieved. The process further includes determining blending factors to be used in existing blending equations.

Abstract: An infrared intrusion detector uses infrared-sensitive sensors with pyroelectric sensor elements for detecting infrared radiation from a spatial region to be monitored. Infrared radiation passes through an entrance window and reaches the sensor elements via focusing mirrors. Extraneous radiation, outside the useful radiation band, is eliminated by filtering at the entrance window and by an optical transmission filter, and by scattering at suitable rough surfaces of the focusing mirrors. As a result, the infrared intrusion detector is less sensitive to extraneous radiation and less likely to produce false alarms.

Abstract: A pocket size laser power meter adapted to measure the power of laser energy emitted by a laser. The power meter includes a thermal mass adapted to receive the laser energy. A temperature sensor coupled to the thermal mass translates temperature changes in the thermal mass into an electrical sensor signal having a variable voltage. A differentiator coupled to the temperature sensor receives the electrical sensor signal and produces a differentiated signal indicative of the rate of change of voltage of the electrical sensor signal. A cooling rate holding circuit coupled to the differentiator receives a cooling portion of the differentiated signal indicating a lowering of the temperature of the thermal mass. A heating rate holding circuit coupled to the differentiator receives a heating portion of the differentiated signal indicating a raising of the temperature of the thermal mass.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for the exchange of an optical component 20 is proposed in which a storage housing 1 exhibits a lower opening with a first gate means 21 adapted for sealing the lower opening. A second stopping means 6 attached to a driving means 5 and a first stop attached to the storage housing 1 are adapted to assume two states, a first state in which a optical component 20 is completely within the storage housing 1, and a second state in which an optical component 20 is completely removed from the storage housing 1. A pivoted mounting 4 of a lifting means 2 onto the driving means 5 in combination with a rotation of said driving means 5 allows for the force of gravity to guide the removal and introduction of the optical component 20 out of and into a spectrometer housing 24.

Abstract: A method and apparatus disclosed by this invention allows determination of the interstitial oxygen concentration in a silicon single crystal to be effected stably and accurately without being appreciably affected by change of the temperature of a sample under test. The interstitial oxygen concentration in the silicon single crystal is determined on the basis of the value of:(Light absorption coefficient).times.[1+a.times.(peak half width)]or the value of:(Light absorption coefficient).times.[1+b.times.(peak area)/ (peak height)](wherein a or b stands for a parameter whose value depends on the conditions for determination or the apparatus for determination and should be empirically fixed with respect to specific conditions of determination or the apparatus used therefor) concerning an interstitial oxygen absorption peak at 1106 cm.sup.-1 obtained by means of an infrared spectrophotometer.

Abstract: Gases such as pollutants are discerned in the open air, preferably using a laser to emit an infrared light beam along a sight path for illuminating the gases. A telescope is directed along the sight path and collects light from the gases, the combination of the laser and telescope permitting redirection of the sight path to any target, such as fugitive emissions of a stack. An optical tunable filter is coupled to the telescope for selecting a particular optical wavelength or band, and focusing the filtered wavelength on a detector. A processor 72) is coupled to the detector output and pulses the laser. The processor analyzes the light levels as a function of wavelength to discriminate for the presence of selected gases by determining a characteristic pattern of light absorption and light emission by the gases. The tunable filter has an acousto-optical crystal of Tl.sub.3 AsSe.sub.3, in which an RF acoustic wave is generated for varying diffraction of light by the filter, thereby selecting a wavelength.

Abstract: A high temperature optical probe for an optical gas temperature sensor includes a support, a generally conical hollow tip, and a joint physically interconnecting the support and the tip. The tip includes as an electromagnetic radiation emitter a sapphire-free ceramic selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide and silicon nitride. An optical lens supported in the tip is removable from the tip for repair and replacement. The joint is of a material and geometry to accommodate the thermal stresses caused by differences in thermal coefficients of expansion between the tip, joint and support, and the mechanical stresses caused by the interaction of the probe and the gas stream during high velocity movement of the gas stream past the tip. The joint sidewall is welded to the support and has a thickness of 0.008-0.012 inch where it overlaps the tip.

Abstract: A method for determining the presence of knots and/or voids in lumber surfaces by uniformly heating the wood and then submitting the wood to an infrared camera, providing a thermal image of the surface of the wood. Knots and voids heat differently from the remaining wood areas, the differential heating being observed by the inspection of the thermal image, or more preferably by conversion of the image to a digital signal which is communicated to a frame grabber and data processor, permitting frame-by-frame inspection of the heat distribution on the surface of the wood. Locations of differential heating corresponding to knots and voids are detected, and can be communicated to subsequent processing devices, to either exclude all or some of the defect areas, or control the use to which the defect-bearing wood is put.

Abstract: A system for non-intrusive drunk driver screening comprising a wavelength modulated laser, harmonic detector, and signal analyzer apparatus for quantitative absorption spectroscopy detection of low level concentrations of alcohol molecules in a contained gaseous volume within the operator compartment of vehicles.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for measuring the variation of directional emittance of surfaces at various temperatures using a radiometric infrared imaging system. A surface test sample is coated onto a copper target plate provided with selective heating within the desired incremental temperature range to be tested and positioned onto a precision rotator to present selected inclination angles of the sample relative to the fixed positioned and optically aligned infrared imager. A thermal insulator holder maintains the target plate on the precision rotator. A screen display of the temperature obtained by the infrared imager, and inclination readings are provided with computer calculations of directional emittance being performed automatically according to equations provided to convert selected incremental target temperatures and inclination angles to relative target directional emittance values.