Abstract: A method for in-situ reduction of contaminants in soil.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for making a peroxycarboxylic acid. The apparatus includes a reaction catalyst and a guard column for pretreating one or more reagents, which can increase the life, activity, and/or safety of the reaction catalyst. The peroxycarboxylic acid compositions made by the method and apparatus can include one or more peroxycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: Accelerator solution suitable for forming a redox system with peroxides and having a high storage stability, consisting essentially of (a) more than 1.0 wt % of one or more reducing agents, at least one of them being selected from ascorbic acid and sodium formaldehyde sulphoxylate, (b) one or more metal salts, at least one of them being selected from the group consisting of transition metal salts, lithium salts, and magnesium salts, (c) one or more organic oxygen-containing solvents, (d) optionally one or more stabilisers, and (e) optionally water.

Abstract: This invention relates to organic catalysts comprising iminium or oxaziridinium moieties, cleaning compositions comprising such catalysts; and processes for making and using such catalysts and cleaning products.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of bleaching are described herein, wherein the compositions include a metal bleach catalyst which is a complex of a transition-metal and a macrocyclic ligand, wherein the metal bleach catalyst is present in the composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 10%, based on total weight of the composition, and a bleaching primer, wherein the composition has a molar ratio of bleaching primer to metal bleach catalyst of from about 1:20 to about 100:1.

Abstract: Provided are biocide compositions and bleach compositions comprising organic acyl polyoxychlorine and related methods. The reduction of the acyl polyoxychlorine group releases a reactive intermediate that undergoes a series of cascading reduction steps, resulting in termination products Generally Recognized As Safe.

Abstract: The present application is concerned with compositions for providing phase-stable microemulsion decontamination formulations for treating surfaces, and in particular for treating surfaces contaminated with chemical and/or biological warfare agents.

Abstract: A composition to decommission firearms is presented. The composition comprises a monomer, a quantity of calcium chloride; and sulfur-containing compound. The sulfur containing compound includes sodium persulfate and/or sodium thiosulfate.

Abstract: There is provided an oxidant and dopant which can produce a conductive polymer. The conductive polymer can be used in a solid electrolyte capacitor as solid electrolyte. The solid electrolyte capacitor can be provided with improved breakdown voltage and voltage resistance, as well as less generation of the defects due to leak current. There is provided an oxidant and dopant solution for conductive polymer production including an oxidant and dopant for an organic ferric sulfonate, and an alcohol with a carbon number of 1 to 4. The oxidant and dopant solution further includes a compound with a glycidyl group, or its ring-opened compound. Faborably, a polyalcohol is further added. Using the oxidant and dopant solution, a thiophene or its derivative is subject to an oxidation polymerization to prepare a conductive polymer, which can be used as solid electrolyte of a solid electrolyte capacitor.

Abstract: A fining agent for reducing the concentration of seeds or bubbles in a silicate glass. The fining agent includes at least one inorganic compound, such as a hydrate or a hydroxide that acts as a source of water. In one embodiment, the fining agent further includes at least one multivalent metal oxide and, optionally, an oxidizer. A fusion formable and ion exchangeable silicate glass having a seed concentration of less than about 1 seed/cm3 is also provided. Methods of reducing the seed concentration of a silicate glass, and a method of making a silicate glass having a seed concentration of less than about 1 seed/cm3 are also described.

Abstract: Corrosion inhibitor compositions and methods of use are disclosed. Sugar acids and calcium corrosion inhibitors combined with hypochlorite sources provide use solutions for effective corrosion inhibition for metal surfaces.

Abstract: The invention provides process for making water-soluble nano-dispersions of water-insoluble materials in a water-soluble carrier material comprising the steps of: (i) providing a single phase mixture of: (a) a non-aqueous solvent or a mixture of miscible non-aqueous solvents, (b) at least one carrier material soluble in non-aqueous solvent (a), said carrier material being also soluble in water and solid at ambient temperature, (c) at least one water-insoluble payload material which is soluble in non-solvent (a), and, (ii) drying the mixture to remove solvent (a) and thereby obtain the carrier material (b) in solid form with payload (c) dispersed therein as nanoparticles, wherein the product of the drying step is water dispersible to give an aqueous solution of (b) and an aqueous nano-dispersion of (c).

Abstract: The need for a bleaching composition providing improved removal of fatty stains and red food stains, particularly during low temperature washing, can be met by incorporating an aryliminium organic bleach catalyst, an activated peroxygen source, and a bleach activator, in specific levels.

Abstract: This invention comprises a lightweight, portable chemical combination of reagents for sterilizing or disinfecting objects in the absence of electrical power or fire. The chemical combination includes a chemical oxidant with the capacity to liberate a biocidal intermediate, a chemical reductant of the oxidant with the capacity to react with the oxidant, and an effector to induce a reaction between the oxidant and reductant. In one embodiment, the oxidant comprises chlorite, the reductant comprises sulfite, and the effector comprises ascorbate. In another embodiment, the chemical combination comprises the oxidant, reductant, effector and iron-activated magnesium. When water or water solutions are added to either embodiment, the chemical combination generates heat, steam and a biocidal intermediate that can destroy contaminating microorganisms. In one embodiment, the biocidal intermediate is a halogen-based biocidal intermediate, such as chlorine dioxide.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to reduce the damage to cellulosic material during the bleaching treatment of cellulosic material by using catalysts with bleaching activity, without significantly impacting the bleaching performance in the process. This was achieved largely by way of a method for bleaching cellulosic material in the presence of a peroxygen-containing bleaching agent and a bleach-boosting transition metal complex, which is carried out in the presence of spherical polyelectrolyte brushes. The spherical polyelectrolyte brushes preferably contain the transition metal complex in a colloidally bound manner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of making and using and compositions of metal nanoparticles formed by green chemistry synthetic techniques. For example, the present invention relates to metal nanoparticles formed with solutions of plant extracts and use of these metal nanoparticles in removing contaminants from soil and groundwater and other contaminated sites. In some embodiments, the invention comprises methods of making and using compositions of metal nanoparticles formed using green chemistry techniques.

Abstract: A coating composition having high dirt prevention properties and improved adhesiveness to hydrophobic surfaces such as those made of a plastic, and a coating method are provided. More specifically, provided is a coating composition, including: hydrophobic resin particles dispersed in an aqueous medium; hydrophilic inorganic fine particles; and an oxidizing agent containing at least one of a peroxide, a perchloric acid, a chlorate, a persulfuric acid, a superphosphoric acid, and a periodate, and also provided is a coating method including the steps of: preparing a first agent having hydrophilic inorganic fine particles and hydrophobic resin particles dispersed in an aqueous medium; preparing a second agent by adding, to the first agent, an oxidizing agent containing at least one of a peroxide, a perchloric acid, a chlorate, a persulfuric acid, a superphosphoric acid, and a periodate; applying the second agent onto a member to be coated; and drying the second agent on the member to be coated.

Abstract: A cleaning, disinfection, and indicator agent comprising a water-soluble permanganate, particularly for mixture with an agent for ensuring an alkaline milieu having a pH value of at least 11, which, in addition to the water-soluble permanganate, contains a further oxidizing agent, whose oxidation potential is above that of manganese VII to manganese VI, pH buffer substances, preferably primary and/or secondary alkali carbonates such as sodium carbonate and/or sodium hydrogen carbonate, as well as oxidation-resistant polyphosphates. Furthermore, methods for cleaning, disinfecting, and monitoring the cleanliness of commercial and industrial plants or plant components and the use of an agent according to the present invention as an indicator solution for ascertaining the cleanliness of commercial and industrial plants or plant components by ascertaining the intensity of the light emitted in the violet wavelength range by the solution are described.

Abstract: A composition for generating chlorine dioxide comprises active ingredients, a suitable hydrophobic compound, and a suitable super absorbent compound. A suitable hydrophobic compound will, among other characteristics, repel the solvent for at least the initial 30 seconds of exposure thereto. A suitable super absorbent compound will, among other characteristics, absorb at least 75 times its weight in solvent and will not gel until the chlorine-dioxide generating reaction is substantially complete.

Abstract: In a method for surface treatment of stainless steel, the thermally produced layers of oxide are contacted with a composition effective to dissolve iron ions out of the layers of oxide.

Abstract: A process for producing a ferric containing solution by the controlled oxidation of a ferrous containing solution, said process including providing a solution containing at least ferrous ions; treating the solution with one or more inlet gases containing sulfur dioxide and oxygen in order to oxidize said ferrous ions to ferric ions, wherein the delivery rate of the sulfur dioxide gas is oxidation rate limiting; and controlling the concentration of dissolved oxygen in said solution at an optimum value.

Abstract: A process of solubilizing organic solids that includes reacting an organic solid with an oxidant in superheated water to form a solubilized organic solute. Preferably, the organic solid is selected from the group consisting of coal, lignite, kerogen, biomass, solid organic wastes, and mixtures thereof. The oxidant preferably is molecular oxygen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the degradation of pollutants in water and/or soil. More specific, the present invention relates to a method for the on-site decontamination or re-mediation of water and/or soil which are contaminated with organic compounds. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for forming a barrier against the spreading of a contamination with pollutants within the water and/or soil, especially within groundwater (aquifer). Further, the invention relates to means for use in these methods, and to the production of such means.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for extending a shelf life of vinyl ester resin or unsaturated polyester resin during transportation or general storage. The method includes the step of enhancing an oxygen content of the vinyl ester resin or the unsaturated polyester resin, such that the self-polymerization reaction of reactive functional groups having carbon-carbon unsaturated double bonds of the vinyl ester resin or the unsaturated polyester resin can be minimized, so as to slow down occurrence of a gelation phenomenon of the vinyl ester resin or the unsaturated polyester resin in a long-time transportation or storage, and further to decrease a monetary loss.

Abstract: This invention relates to organic catalysts comprising iminium or oxaziridinium moieties, cleaning compositions comprising such catalysts; and processes for making and using such catalysts and cleaning products.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to stabilized peracid compositions. Stabilizing compositions including a metal salt and a chelating agent are added to compositions including peracids. The results stabilized peracid compositions have increased shelf life and storage stability.

Abstract: Method and composition for decomposing and detoxifying chemical warfare agents, organic toxic compounds (e.g., pesticides), and for removal of contaminants in materials including fuels. The method and composition are based on ferrate (VI). The ferrate is typically applied to a contaminated surface or volume with a phase transfer catalyst and/or with a carrier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new cure accelerator systems for anaerobic curable compositions. These anaerobic cure systems include tetraalkyl ammonium oxidizing salts that are soluble in the (meth)acrylate component of the composition.

Abstract: A method of preparing an oxidant stream comprising: burning a combustion mixture comprising (a) one or more fuel composition and (b) oxidant comprising a first oxygen content of about 10 mole % or more and a first carbon dioxide (CO2) gas content of about 68 mole % or more on a dry basis, the burning producing a flue gas comprising CO2 gas, water vapor, and unreacted oxygen; separating from the flue gas a recycle stream; mixing at least a portion of the recycle stream having a first pressure with a sufficient amount of an oxygen stream having a second pressure which is sufficiently higher than the first pressure to entrain at least a portion of the recycle stream in the oxidant stream and to produce the oxidant stream having a second oxygen content of 10 mole % or more and a second CO2 gas content of about 68 mole % or more on a dry basis.

Abstract: Techniques related to a photosensitizer-containing composition, the preparation method and the applications thereof, are generally described. One example photosensitizer-containing composition may include a carrier; and a photosensitizer attached to the surface of the carrier, wherein the carrier includes a first material having a first refractive index and a second material having a second refractive index, and the first refractive index is greater than the second refractive index.

Abstract: In situ foamable dental bleaching compositions include a dental bleaching agent, thickening agent, polyol, and in situ foaming agent. The foamable dental bleaching compositions are initially dispensed as a dental bleaching gel. Upon placement of the dental bleaching gel onto a person's tooth surfaces, the in situ foaming agent causes the bleaching gel to foam. Dental bleaching systems include an in situ foamable dental bleaching composition within a pressurized container (e.g., bag-on valve container) having a nozzle that, when actuated, expels the in situ dental bleaching composition as a gel. Dental bleaching methods include dispensing the in situ foamable dental bleaching composition as a gel, contacting a person's tooth surfaces with the dental bleaching gel, and allowing the gel to expand and foam in order to dynamically distribute and replenish the dental bleaching agent to the tooth surfaces and into the interproximal spaces between teeth.

Abstract: The invention relates to bleach catalysts containing a manganese compound and oxalic acid, or the salt or derivatives thereof. The presence of the oxalic acid reinforces the action of the manganese compound as a bleach catalyst.

Abstract: A chemical conversion treatment solution comprising, based on the total composition, 0.1 g/L to 3.0 g/L of an aqueous cobalt-containing substance in cobalt equivalent, 0.05 g/L to 3.0 g/L of a pyrogallol compound in pyrogallol equivalent, and at least 1.5 g/L of an aqueous trivalent chromium-containing substance in chromium equivalent, the composition being acidic and the ratio of the content of the pyrogallol compound in pyrogallol equivalent to the content of the aqueous cobalt-containing substance in cobalt equivalent being 0.015 to 10, wherein a chemical conversion film formed on the metallic surface of a member by contacting the metallic surface with the composition for chemical conversion treatment has a content of hexavalent chromium of 0.050 ?g/cm2 or less as measured by a method compliant with EN15205 after exposure to an environment having a temperature of 80° C. and a relative humidity of 100% for 72. hours.

Abstract: Imidoalkancarboxylic acids of formula: are described, wherein A, X and M are as defined in the application, said acids being in a crystalline form which in contact with water gives rise to crystals having sizes lower than 30 micron.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid-layered composition having at least two parts. The first part comprises a) calcium hypochlorite, magnesium hypochlorite and mixtures thereof, b) a builder, c) a water-soluble polymer, d) an acid, and e) wherein the first part does not contain sodium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite and mixtures thereof. The second part comprises a) a functional ingredient, b) a builder or filler, and c) wherein the second part does not contain any oxidant.

Abstract: A composition and method for breaking down and denaturing friction-reducing compound introduced into the ground during the drilling of gas and oil wells and for destroying other contaminants and biohazards naturally present within and artificially introduced into hydrocarbon wells, which are formed as a result of the drilling and pumping processes. The composition includes several species of oxidizing agent compounds that are effective in breaking down hydrogen sulfide produced by bacteria as well as the friction-reducing polymer used during drilling and several other organic compounds.

Abstract: Method of generating oxygen (O2) are described which ferratel (VI) is combined with an acid. Apparatus for utilizing this method is also described.

Abstract: Catalysts, systems and methods for abating emissions in an exhaust stream are provided. Systems comprising a transition metal oxide stabilized oxygen storage catalyst are described. The emissions treatment system is advantageously used for the treatment of exhaust streams from lean burn engines including diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines.

Abstract: Presented herein are compositions including a linear tenso-active surfactant which, upon contact and mechanical stirring of a hydrocarbon body, induces emulsification, resulting in oxidation of fatty acid aliphatic bodies. The compositions solve the problem of hydrocarbon pollution. The hydrocarbon decomposer and its by-products dissolve hydrocarbons present in polluted bodies such as clays, soils, water and sand. Methods of the invention create a residue that is a fertilizer, at room temperature and with no need for high pressure.

Abstract: Particulate bleaching composition comprising a bleaching system, as a first essential component, which comprises oxygen bleach, a bleach activator and a perfume delivery system. Such perfume delivery system is preferably chosen among an amine reaction product containing perfume or an encapsulated perfume made of starch.

Abstract: Body care products, hair care products, shampoos, oral care, dental care and dental prosthesis care products, dental brace care products, cosmetics, therapeutics, washing agents, cleaning agents, brightening products, disinfectants, rinsing agents, hand washing products, dishwashing agents, machine dishwashing agents and agents for the bleaching and disinfecting treatment of filter media, textiles, furs, paper, skins or leather, and other products containing amadoriases are provided. Also, the use of amadoriases for decomposition products of the Amadori rearrangement is provided.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for producing novel metal nanoparticles and nanomaterials. The method involves mixing one or more metal halide starting materials, one or more lithium reducing agent and one or more solvents. In an exemplary embodiment, the resultant metal nanoparticles are substantially free from impurities and have a novel porous and substantially hollow structure.

Abstract: An article comprising: a functionalized substrate comprising: a composition susceptible to aqueous attack, comprising a water-soluble material, a partially water soluble material, a water-dispersible materials, a water-disintegrating materials, and mixtures thereof; a plurality of microcapsules encapsulating a perfume, wherein said plurality of microcapsules is incorporated with said functionalized substrate; and a total perfume loading level of from about 1% to about 95% by weight of said functionalized substrate.

Abstract: According to the invention, a fuel cell system features a fuel cell (14) having a solid polymer electrolyte membrane (4), and an antioxidant residing in or contacting the solid polymer electrolyte membrane (4), for inactivating active oxygen.

Abstract: Method of lightening the color of mixtures comprising imidazolium salts or imidazoles, wherein the mixtures are treated with an oxidant.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of removing colorants from a material. The method includes providing colored material, providing an oxoacid or oxoacid ester of phosphorous acid, and combining the colored material and the oxoacid or oxoacid ester of phosphorous under conditions effective to remove the colorant from the colored material.

Abstract: A process for preparation of co-granules including one or more bleach activators and one or more bleach agent compounds is described. The bleach component is mixed and coated with a binder selected from the group of fatty acids, fatty acid polyol esters, polyglycols and fatty alcohol oxalkylates. One or more bleach activators is added to this mixture followed by granulation or agglomeration in a mixer, resulting in a bleach co-granule composition including the bleach activator and peroxide components.

Abstract: A process for the production of a bleach activator granule comprises the extrusion of a bleach activator composition. The composition comprises a bleach activator, a water swellable carbohydrate and water.

Abstract: A method of modifying polyethylene is disclosed. The method comprises contacting the polyethylene powder with ozone. The modified polyethylene exhibits an increase in melt elasticity and the complex viscosity at low shear rates. The rheological benefits are achieved without a significant reduction in the weight average molecular weight of the polyethylene. The modified polyethylene can be used in applications that require higher melt strength such as film or blow molding.

Abstract: Contaminants, including arsenic, are removed from water and other aqueous feeds preferably by (1) treating the feed with a compound containing a rare earth (e.g., cerium in the +4 oxidation state, preferably cerium dioxide), to oxidize contaminants in the +3 oxidation state to arsenic in the +5 oxidation state and (2) removing the contaminants in the +5 oxidation state from the aqueous phase, normally by contacting the treated feed with a rare earth-containing precipitating agent.