Abstract: An electric resistance material comprises an Fe—Cr—Ni alloy having composition of C up to 0.1%, Si up to 5%, Mn up to 6%, 9-32% Cr, 6-25% Ni, N up to 0.2%, 0-3% Mo, 0-4% Cu, 0-5% Al, 0-0.4% Ti, 0-0.4% Nb, 0-0.005% B and the balance being substantially Fe with the previsions that the value A defined by the formula (1) and the value B defined by the formula (2) are not less than 78 and not less than 14, respectively. The electric resistance material is high of resistivity with less temperature dependency, and a resistor made therefrom works well without noises during flow of electricity. 1 A = 0.008 × ( % ⁢   ⁢ Cr ) 3 - 0.43 × ( % ⁢   ⁢ Cr ) 2 + 8.03 × ( % ⁢   ⁢ Cr ) + 6.8 × ( % ⁢   ⁢ Si ) + 10.9 × ( % ⁢   ⁢ Al ) + 0.56 × ( % ⁢   ⁢ Mo ) + 0.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a conductive pigment powder, which includes indium oxide, tin and gold, and having a purple color tone. Other embodiments of the present invention provide a method of producing a conductive pigment powder; a dispersion solution and a transparent conductive film, which include the above-mentioned conductive pigment powder; a method of forming a transparent conductive film; and a cathode ray tube, which includes the above-mentioned transparent conductive film and a transparent substrate.

Abstract: An electroconductive composition comprising an elastic matrix material and particulate filler material dispersed therein, the particulate filler material comprising fiber particles coated with a conductive material and spheroidal particles coated with a conductive material, the dispersion being such that the fiber-containing particulate filler and the spheroid-containing particulate filler are substantially interspersed, the particulate filler being present in an amount such that the conductive-material coated particles are in electroconductive relationship and such that the composition possesses enhanced flexibility, the conductive material being present in an amount sufficient that the composition has a decreased resistivity. The invention also encompasses a method of preparing these compositions comprising the steps of compounding said filler into a precursor of said flexible matrix material thereby dispersing said fillers throughout the matrix material, and curing the precursor to form the matrix.

Abstract: A heat-conductive sheet comprising a cured or semi-cured binder wherein a carbon fiber is orientated in the direction of the thickness of the heat-conductive sheet. This heat-conductive sheet exhibits a high anisotropic heat conductivity along the direction of the thickness thereof to thereby enable efficiently releasing heat from a heating element such as a semiconductor element or semiconductor package. Moreover, the heat-conductive sheet is excellent in not only heat resistance, durability and mechanical strength but also adherence to the heating element.

Abstract: A coloring agent for use in toners which comprises coloring particles modified with a surface modifier having in one molecule a hydrophilic moiety, a hydrophobic moiety, and a reactive moiety between the hydrophilic moiety and the hydrophobic moiety. Also disclosed is a toner comprising toner particles containing at least a binder resin and a coloring agent comprising the above surface-modified coloring particles.

Abstract: The polymer compound contains a polymer matrix and a filler embedded in the matrix. The filler comprises two filler components with nonlinear current-voltage characteristics deviating from one another. By selection of suitable amounts of these filler components, a polymer compound with a predetermined nonlinear current-voltage characteristic deviating from these two characteristics can be formed in this way.

Abstract: An electric heating element formed on an insulating ceramic substance includes and electrically heat-generating material film having a microstructure composed of a silicide alone, a mixture of silicide and Si, or Si along fused to the surface of sintered nitride or carbide ceramic insulating substrate. A heating mechanism is coupled with the bottom face of an electrostatically chucking mechanism provided with a dielectric ceramic and electrodes formed on the bottom face of face of the heating mechanism. The heating mechanism has a fusable electric-heating material film between two ceramic insulting substrates having the same or nearly the same coefficients of thermal expansion. The films is fused to the substrates.

Abstract: A composition and method for applying an electrically conductive coating to an initially electrically nonconductive surface, such as a printed wiring board having through holes is disclosed. The method is carried out by applying a composition of electrically conductive carbon particles, a second conductive material, a water dispersible binding agent, and an aqueous dispersing medium to a nonconductive substrate to form a substantially continuous, electrically conductive coating. Enough of the carbon particles are present to provide an electrically conductive coating when the composition is applied to the substrate. Enough of the second conductive material is present to provide an improved electrically conductive coating when the composition is applied to the substrate. The resulting coating carbon coating has an improved conductivity over prior through hole coating compositions and processes and is capable of being exposed to molten solder without resulting in the formation of blowholes.

Abstract: A contact glass composition for use in resistor-type spark plugs is described. The contact glass composition is a mixture of: (a) at least one metal; (b) graphite; and (c) silicon. Additionally, borosilicate glass, barium borate glass, magnesium aluminum silicate, ball clay, and aluminum may also be included in the contact glass composition.

Abstract: In a coating material for the inner surface of a cathode-ray tube comprising an aqueous dispersion medium containing silicates of lithium and potassium and a dispersing agent, and a graphite particles and, if necessary, particles of the other specific metal compounds suspended therein, the invention is characterized in that the molar ratio of potassium to lithium is in the range of 1 to 9, and the molar ratio of silicon dioxide to the total quantity of oxides of lithium and potassium is in the range of 2.5 to 3.5, and the obtained coating material is most suitable for suppressing the quantities of gases released from the inner coating, for making good use of gas-adsorbing ability of graphite, and for increasing the degree of vacuum in the cathode-ray tube.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel manganese dioxide electrodes comprising modified, electrochemically active manganese dioxide, to a method for fabricating these novel manganese dioxide electrodes and to the use of these in rechargeable cells.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing a manganese oxyiodide, including the steps of reducing sodium permanganate by lithium iodide at ambient temperature to obtain the manganese oxyiodide, and annealing the manganese oxyiodide at an elevated temperature. Such a manganese oxyiodide may be used for energy conversion and storage, particularly for battery and supercapacitor applications.

Abstract: A polymeric gel electrolyte comprising: (a) an acrylic ester polymer matrix containing structural units derived from at least one acrylic ester selected from among acrylic esters represented by the general formulae: (wherein, in the formula (I), R1, R2 and R2′ are identical with or different from each other and represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 to 100; and, in the formula (II), R4 to R9 are identical with or different from each other and represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and p, q and r are identical with or different from each other and are an integer of 1 to 100); (b) a nonaqueous solvent of a carbonic ester; and (c) a salt of a metal of Group Ia of the periodic table.

Abstract: The invention provides a solid polymer electrolyte comprising a polymer which is a polyacrylonitrile, a plasticizer made up of a lithium salt in solution in a liquid organic solvent, and a reinforcing agent which is an organic compound constituted by porous grains of a polymer having polyamide structural units.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electroactivated material comprising fibers and a binder and additionally having an electrocatalytic agent in the form of particles comprising a precious metal oxide or in the form of particles comprising a support and a coating based on such an oxide. The electroactivated material can be used especially as cathode component of an electrolysis cell and in particular of a cell for the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride solutions. The present invention also relates to a composite material comprising the said material and to processes for the preparation of each of the two materials.

Abstract: A nonaqueous secondary battery has high energy density and excellent charging and discharging cycle characteristic. The constitution includes (a) a positive electrode having a positive electrode substance, (b) a negative electrode having an carbon fluoride, and a carbon material, and (c) an electrolyte solution. The positive electrode substance is capable of releasing and occluding lithium ions in charging and discharging, the carbon material is capable of occluding and releasing the lithium ions in the charging and discharging, the carbon fluoride is capable of reacting chemically with the lithium ions, and the electrolyte solution is a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. The carbon fluoride is expressed by chemical formula (C.sub.x F).sub.n.

Abstract: Polymer thick film resistor pastes with dimensionally stability and excellent processibility, such as coating, printing, and extruding, are disclosed. The resistor paste composition in accordance with the present invention comprises a low-k cycloaliphatic epoxy resin vehicle loaded with electrically conductive particles, a cationic photoinitiator, a thermal catalyst, and optionally a reactive diluent.

Abstract: Self-metallizing, flexible polyimide films with highly reflective surfaces are prepared by an in situ self-metallization procedure involving thermally initiated reduction of polymer-soluble silver(I) complexes. Polyamic acid solutions are doped with silver(I) acetate and solubilizing agents. Thermally curing the silver(I)-doped resins leads to flexible, metallized films which have reflectivities as high as 100%, abrasion-resistant surfaces, thermal stability and, in some cases, electrical conductivity, rendering them useful for space applications.

Abstract: A conductive primer coating composition comprising a resinous film forming binder, a fibrous, carbonaceous material and a light colored pigment. This coating composition may be applied to plastic or other substrates having low electrical conductivity to form a light colored, conductive coating. The application of this first coating and subsequent coatings by the electrostatic method of application is facilitated.

Abstract: An intercalation compound of general formula Na.sub.x K.sub.1-X Z.sub.y, wherein Z is a carbon or a polymer with a cyclic, particularly aromatic unit, as base unit; 0<x<1; and 2.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.6. A method for preparing the compound is also described, as well as the use thereof, particularly in pyrotechnics and in lithium batteries.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of manufacturing highly conducting composites, the method being characterized by the following steps: a) contacting a powder or fibers with an aqueous solution containing an appreciably water-soluble high-molecular substance, b) optionally washing with water, c) contacting with a dispersion containing finely particulate electrically conducting material, wetting agents (surfactants) and an ionogenic metal compound, d) optionally washing with water and e) molding to required shape.

Abstract: An electrically conductive material used for shielding against electromagnetic waves and comprising a binder, a mixture of graphite and amorphous carbon, and sand. It has been shown that this mixture has enhanced shielding properties, particularly in the 100 MHZ range. The graphite/carbon mixture preferably makes up 25-75% of the total weight of the material. The binder may be cementitious. Said material may also be used in conductive floors, electrical heating equipment, light conductors, heating elements, ground connections, resistors, capacitors and antennas.

Abstract: A transparent electrically conductive film having a surface resistivity of 10.sup.2 -10.sup.10 .OMEGA./.sup..quadrature., an overall light transmittance of at least 70%, and a haze value of at most 20% comprises an organic or inorganic transparent matrix having dispersed therein 0.01%-1 wt % of hollow carbon microfibers and 1%-40 wt % of an electrically conductive metal oxide powder (such as antimony-doped tin oxide) with an average primary particle diameter of 0.5 .mu.m or smaller. The matrix can be an organic polymer which is thermoplastic, thermosetting, or curable by ultraviolet radiation, or a metal oxide sol which can form an inorganic glass film, a hydrolyzable or heat decomposable organic metal compound, or the like.

Abstract: The graphite is a composite between graphite particles and other fine, solid element particles, in which the graphite particles account for at least 40 atomic % and the other element particles have particle sizes of 900 nm or smaller and are dispersed in said graphite particles. The other elements may be Li and Si. Preferably, a part of said other elements forms an intercalation compound with graphite. The composite is suitable for a negative electrode of lithium secondary batteries having large discharging capacity, and as adsorbent materials of adsorbing various substances.

Abstract: The temperature adjustable coating and medium and method for providing an electrically-resistant temperature-adjustable article and structure. The coating provides a continuous electrically-conductive electrically-resistive path for the application of electrical current to the coating. The electrically-resistant temperature-adjustable article consists of a surface on which a high-temperature conductive-resistive coating is bound. The surface temperature of the article along the path is thereby adjustable between ambient and 2000.degree. F. in response to electric current applied to it without oxidization destroying the electrical conductivity of the medium in temperatures above 600.degree. F. The medium possesses the high-temperature conductive-resistive quality of the coating while maintaining a clay consistency capable of being formed into various shapes without a substrate.

Abstract: An electrically powered functionally graded ceramic composite heater and a functionally stepped ceramic composite heater useful for cigarette lighters. The electrical resistance heater includes discrete heating zones wherein each zone of the heater can be activated using an electric control module, and is capable of heating to a temperature in the range of 600.degree. C. to 900.degree. C. using portable energy devices. The ceramic heater can be made by pressing together layers of differing amounts of constituents of the ceramic precursor material followed by secondary processing steps to obtain discrete heating elements. The heater design can include a hub on one end to provide structural integrity, and function as a common for the heating zones.

Abstract: An electrically conductive elastomeric foam is presented. Preferably, the elastomeric foam comprises polyurethane foam and in accordance with an important feature of this invention, the elastomeric foam is rendered electrically conductive by incorporating therein electrically conductive fibers. As used herein, a "fiber" has a diameter greater than or equal to one micron, and an aspect ratio (length/diameter) greater than or equal to fifteen. In accordance with the method of the present invention, the elastomeric foam is prepared from a polyurethane stock comprised of a polyhydroxyl compound, an organic polyisocyanate compound, a catalyst, a foam stabilizer and an amount of electrically conductive fiber which is effective to render the elastomeric foam electrically conductive.

Abstract: An anisotropically-conductive film or a substrate having a surface coated with an anisotropically-conductive coating, said film or coating being formed by solidifying a composition comprising(i) a solidifiable ferrofluid composition, the ferrofluid comprising a colloidal suspension of ferromagnetic particles in a non-magnetic carrier, and(ii) a plurality of electrically-conductive particles, dispersed in the ferrofluid,the electrically-conductive particles having been arrayed in a non-random pattern by application of a substantially uniform magnetic field to the composition in a liquid state and having been locked in position by solidification of the composition. The composition is solidified in an A-stage, usually involving a primary cure. In end-use application of the film or coating, the composition usually undergoes a B-stage or secondary cure. The film or coated substrate is an article of manufacture for bonding conductors in the electronics industry.

Abstract: Provided are microparticle forms of carbon, carbon catalysts and carbon-containing electrically conductive materials which are covalently linked to peroxidase. The carbon:peroxidase conjugates are suitable for use as substrates in conventional electrodes. Surprisingly, the conjugates display very little sensitivity to known interfering substances and thus are suitable for use as interference free electrodes.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube is coated on the inner surface with a conductive coating composition using acidic plumous alumina sol, acidic chaining silica sol, and graphite powder as raw materials; and, novel cathode ray tubes of which the inner surface is coated independently with the above, or in combination with other conductive coating agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a resistive film comprising carbon (40-95 at. %), one or more metal(s) (4-60 at. %) and hydrogen (1-30 at. %), said film having a resistivity in excess of 1000.mu..OMEGA.cm and a temperature coefficient TC in the range between -100 and +100 ppm/K.

Abstract: A silver organic complex, such as silver acetate, is solubilized in a polyamic acid resin or soluble polyimide solution using a suitable solvent such as hexafluoroacetyl acetone. The mixture is stable and can be applied to both flat and contoured surfaces. Application can be performed by casting, dip-coating, spraying, or other suitable techniques. In addition, the mixture can be cast or extruded as a polyimide film which is not applied to an underlying substrate. Upon curing, a flexible silver coated polyimide film is produced.

Abstract: Disclosed is a coating material for forming an electrically conductive inner coat. The coating material contains graphite particles, filler particles, an aqueous medium a dispersant and water-glass. The filler particle has a core and a membrane which covers the core. The core is composed of metallic oxide or metallic carbide, and the membrane is composed of alumina and silica, in which the ratio of the amount of the alumina to the amount of the membrane is within a range of 20 to 60% by weight. If the core is iron oxide, the used filler particles have at least 4% by weight of the membrane which contains 20 to 90% by weight of alumina and silica.

Abstract: A fluent, electrically non-insulative coating composition for an electrically non-conductive rotary atomizer comprises about one-tenth to about one-seventh, by weight, short oil alkyds, about one-fourth to about one-third, by weight, phenolic, and about one-half to about two-thirds, by weight, powdered mixture of oxides of antimony and tin, all in a fluid carrier.

Abstract: The present invention provides an immobilization medium which can immobilize bioreagents to support materials and which dries to a water resistant layer or film. The immobilization medium comprises (i) a liquid or fluid binding reagent and (ii) complexes of a bioreagent immobilized to a solid phase which are evenly dispersed within the binding reagent. The suspension can further include supplemental ingredients evenly dispersed throughout the medium which can provide the medium with electrochemical properties, enhance the stability of the immobilized bioreagent and/or improve the medium's capability of drying to a substantially water resistant or insoluble layer. The immobilization medium provided by the instant invention is in the form of a homogeneous liquid suspension.

Abstract: A stabilized carbon cluster conducting material comprising (i) a core comprising a conducting or superconducting carbon cluster and (ii) a sheath covering the core; a device comprising a substrate having thereon a film of a conducting or superconducting carbon cluster covered with a protective film capable of substantially preventing permeation of oxygen and water in the atmosphere; and processes for producing the stabilized carbon cluster conducting material and the device.

Abstract: A fluent, electrically non-insulative coating composition for an electrically non-conductive rotary atomizer comprises about one-tenth to about one-seventh, by weight, short oil alkyds, about one-fourth to about one-third, by weight, phenolic, and about one-half to about two-thirds, by weight, powdered mixture of oxides of antimony and tin, all in a fluid carrier.

Abstract: Carbonaceous compounds and methods for preparation are described wherein the compounds comprise a pre-graphitic carbonaceous host having organized and disorganized regions and wherein atoms of other elements are incorporated in the host without changing the structure of the organized regions. A carbonaceous insertion compound with large reversible capacity for lithium can be prepared using elements capable of alloying with lithium, such as Si, as the incorporated atoms. These insertion compounds are suitable for use as high capacity anodes in lithium ion batteries.

Abstract: The temperature adjustable coating and medium and method for providing an electrically-resistant temperature-adjustable article and structure. The coating provides a continuous electrically-conductive electrically-resistive path for the application of electrical current to the coating. The electrically-resistant temperature-adjustable article consists of a surface on which a high-temperature conductive-resistive coating is bound. The surface temperature of the article along the path is thereby adjustable between ambient and 2000.degree. F. in response to electric current applied to it without oxidization destroying the electrical conductivity of the medium in temperatures above 600.degree. F. The medium possesses the high-temperature conductive-resistive quality of the coating while maintaining a clay consistency capable of being formed into various shapes without a substrate.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of conductive polymeric particles with linear and crosslinked portions, which comprises mixing a monomer with at least one conductive filler, solvent, at least one polymerization initiator, and a chain transfer component; effecting solution polymerization by heating until from about 80 to about 100 weight percent of the monomer has been polymerized; drying the mixture by removing the solvent to yield an intimate blend of polymer with conductive filler; dispersing the aforementioned blend of polymer and conductive filler in at least one monomer with at least one polymerization initiator, a crosslinking agent and a chain transfer agent to form an organic phase; dispersing the resulting organic phase mixture in water containing a stabilizing component to obtain a suspension of particles with an average volume diameter of from about 0.05 to about 5 microns in water; polymerizing the resulting suspension by heating; and subsequently optionally washing and drying the polymeric product.

Abstract: In a coating composition for the inner wall of a cathode-ray tube comprising an aqueous dispersion medium containing potassium silicate, a dispersing agent and graphite particles or a combination of graphite particles and metal oxide particles or metal carbide particles suspended therein, the invention is characterized in that the molar ratio of silicon dioxide to potassium oxide (SiO.sub.2 /K.sub.2 O) in said potassium silicate is in the range of from 4 to 5, and the obtained coating film is characterized in that the adsorption quantity of moisture and gases is small and adhesiveness is excellent.

Abstract: The conductive and exothermic fluid material contains a powdery material such as particles of carbon black particles and graphite particles, spherical metal particles, a metal oxide and/or a metal salt, and a binder material such as a synthetic resin varnish or a gluey material. The ratio of the powdery material to the binder material is in the range of from approximately 93 to 7 to approximately 55 to 45. The graphite particles have each a long diameter of 300 microns or shorter and a short diameter of 200 microns or shorter. The spherical metal particles and the metal oxide have each a particle size of 300 microns or shorter.The conductive and exothermic fluid material has a small electrical resistance and it can produce high temperatures with a small magnitude of electric currents.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polymer which comprises effecting a bulk polymerization of a mixture containing at least one monomer, a chain transfer agent, a crosslinking agent, a free radical redox polymerization initiator pair, and at least one additional free radical initiator until from about 4 to about 50 weight percent of the monomer has been polymerized and one or both components in the redox initiator pair has been consumed; dispersing with a high shear mixer the aforementioned partially polymerized mixture in water containing a stabilizing component selected from the group consisting of nonionic and ionic water soluble polymeric stabilizers to obtain a suspension of particles; polymerizing the resulting suspension; and optionally subsequently insulating, washing and drying the polymer product.

Abstract: Fine, monodisperse oxide powders can be manufactured by means of a method which does not require expensive production facilities, in which methoda graphite intercalation compound is manufactured by reacting one or more chemical starting compounds of one or more elements of the groups Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IVa, IVb, Va, Vb, VIa, VIb, VIIb, VIII of the periodic table as well as of the lanthanides and actinides with a graphitic carbon modification having a grain size.ltoreq.150 .mu.m, andthe graphite intercalation compound is converted by an oxidation agent into binary oxide of one or more elements of the groups Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IVa, IVb, Va, Vb, VIa, VIb, VIIb, VIII of the periodic table as well as of the lanthanides and actinides.

Abstract: A polymerizable (meth)acrylate system which can be cured at ambient temperature to provide a conductive floor coating or shaped article. The composition comprises (meth)acrylates and optionally other monomers and other components such as pre-polymers, plasticizers, customary additives etc., in combination with amorphous or spheroidal graphite and/or carbon fibers and/or finely divided metal. Other fillers may be added. In particular, amorphous natural graphite, preferably having the particle size 20 to 1000 .mu.m, is suitable. Coatings prepared in this way fulfill the requirements in respect of DIN 51 953.

Abstract: A process of making lithium battery electrode active material having fine particles of vanadium oxide (V.sub.x O.sub.y) or lithium-vanadium oxide (Li.sub.z V.sub.x O.sub.y) intimately mixed with fine particles of carbon. The process includes forming a wet solution of a vanadium oxide precursor and carbon, and then decomposing the precursor/carbon mixture at an elevated temperature or by atomization in a controlled atmosphere. Alternatively, fine particles of vanadium oxide are formed from precursor halogen compounds by atomization in oxygen.

Abstract: A resistive element film-forming paste includes (1) an organic metal compound, (2) at least one organic non-metal additive, and (3) a solution of asphalt in a solvent. A resistive element is formed by coating the paste on a substrate followed by calcining.

Abstract: A metal oxide resistor for suppressing variations in resistivity in use in an atmosphere at a high temperature or humidity. Such a metal oxide resistor includes a sintered body in which carbon particles having an average grain size of 1 .mu.m or less exist in the grain boundaries of metal oxide particles in an amount of 0.05 to 3 wt %, and electrodes formed on at least two opposing surfaces of the sintered body.

Abstract: A fluorescent complex polymer with fluorescent organometallic complexes connected by organic chain spacers is utilized in the fabrication of light emitting devices on a substantially transparent planar substrate by depositing a first conductive layer having p-type conductivity on the planar surface of the substrate, depositing a layer of a hole transporting and electron blocking material on the first conductive layer, depositing a layer of the fluorescent complex polymer on the layer of hole transporting and electron blocking material as an electron transporting emissive layer and depositing a second conductive layer having n-type conductivity on the layer of fluorescent complex polymer.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of conductive polymeric particles with linear and crosslinked portions, which comprises mixing a monomer with at least one conductive filler, solvent, at least one polymerization initiator, and a chain transfer component; effecting solution polymerization by heating until from about 80 to about 100 weight percent of the monomer has been polymerized; drying the mixture by removing the solvent to yield an intimate blend of polymer with conductive filler; dispersing the aforementioned blend of polymer and conductive filler in at least one monomer with at least one polymerization initiator, a crosslinking agent and a chain transfer agent to form an organic phase; dispersing the resulting organic phase mixture in water containing a stabilizing component to obtain a suspension of particles with an average volume diameter of from about 0.05 to about 5 microns in water; polymerizing the resulting suspension by heating; and subsequently optionally washing and drying the polymeric product.