Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first interconnect structure over first substrate, a first bonding layer over the first interconnect structure, multiple first bonding pads disposed in a first region of the first bonding layer, the first bonding pads having a first pitch, and multiple second bonding pads disposed in a second region of the first bonding layer, the second region extending between a first edge of the first bonding layer and the first region, the second bonding pads having the first pitch, the multiple second bonding pads including multiple pairs of adjacent second bonding pads, wherein the second bonding pads of each respective pair are connected by a first metal line.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices and methods of manufacturing the semiconductor devices are described herein. A method includes forming an interconnect structure over a device wafer. The device wafer includes a first integrated circuit, a semiconductor substrate, and a redistribution structure. The method further includes forming a metallization layer and a group of dummy insertion structures having a stepped pattern density in a topmost dielectric layer of the interconnect structure. The group of dummy insertion structures and the metallization layer are planarized with the dielectric layer. The method further includes forming a first bonding layer over the group of dummy insertion structures, the metallization layer, and the dielectric layer. The method further includes bonding a carrier wafer to the first bonding layer, forming an opening through the semiconductor substrate, and forming a conductive via in the opening and electrically coupled to the redistribution structure.

Abstract: Methods for depositing silicon-containing thin films on a substrate in a reaction space are provided. The methods can include vapor deposition processes comprising at least one deposition cycle including sequentially contacting the substrate with a silicon precursor comprising a halosilane and a second reactant comprising an acyl halide. In some embodiments a Si(O,C,N) thin film is deposited and the concentration of nitrogen and carbon in the film can be tuned by adjusting the deposition conditions.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for processing a substrate is provided herein. For example, a method for processing a substrate comprises depositing a silicide layer within a feature defined in a layer on a substrate, forming one of a metal liner layer or a metal seed layer atop the silicide layer within the feature via depositing at least one of molybdenum (Mo) or tungsten (W) using physical vapor deposition, and depositing Mo using at least one of chemical vapor deposition or atomic layer deposition atop the at least one of the metal liner layer or the metal seed layer, without vacuum break.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure includes a substrate, a dielectric layer, a first conductive feature and a second conductive feature. The substrate includes a semiconductor device. The dielectric layer is disposed on the substrate. The first conductive feature is formed in the first dielectric layer. The second conductive feature penetrates the first conductive feature and the dielectric layer, and is electrically connected to the first conductive feature and the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a resistor disposed on a second etching stop layer in the resistor forming region. A fourth interlayer dielectric layer covers the resistor and the second etch stop layer. A first via is located in the fourth interlayer dielectric layer and is electrically connected to a terminal of the resistor. By forming the resistor in BEOL process, the problem of the contact stop depth difference that affects the process window and causes the reduced yield can be improved.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a bonded structure is disclosed. The bonded structure can include an element and a passive electronic component having a first surface bonded to the element and a second surface opposite the first surface. The passive electronic component can comprise a first anode terminal bonded to a corresponding second anode terminal of the element and a first cathode terminal bonded to a corresponding second cathode terminal of the element. The first anode terminal and the first cathode terminal can be disposed on the first surface of the passive electronic component.

Abstract: Disclosed is apparatus including a vertical spiral inductor. The vertical spiral inductor may include a plurality of dielectric layers formed on a substrate, a plurality of conductive layers, each of the plurality of conductive layers disposed on each of the plurality of dielectric layers, a plurality of insulating layers, each of the plurality of insulating layers disposed on each of the plurality of conductive layers, wherein each of the plurality of insulating layers separates each of the plurality of dielectric layers. A first spiral coil is arranged in a first plane perpendicular to the substrate, where the first spiral coil is formed of first portions of the plurality of conductive layers and a first set of vias of a plurality of vias, configured to connect the first portions of the plurality of conductive layers.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a semiconductor device and a preparation method thereof. The method for preparing a semiconductor device comprises: providing a first dielectric layer; forming a first window in the first dielectric layer; forming a first connection structure in the first window; forming a second dielectric layer on the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer having a second window from which at least the first connection structure is exposed; forming a first barrier layer on the sidewall and bottom of the second window, the first barrier layer comprising an opening from which part of the first connection structure is exposed; and forming a second connection structure in the second window.

Abstract: A method of forming an electrode on a substrate is disclosed. The method may include: contacting the substrate with a first vapor phase reactant comprising a titanium tetraiodide (TiI4) precursor; contacting the substrate with a second vapor phase reactant comprising a nitrogen precursor; and depositing a titanium nitride layer over a surface of the substrate thereby forming the electrode; wherein the titanium nitride layer has an electrical resistivity of less than 400 ??-cm. Related semiconductor device structures including a titanium nitride electrode deposited by the methods of the disclosure are also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an interconnect structure, including a first metal line, a second metal line spaced away from the first metal line, a conductive contact over the first metal line, including a first portion, a second portion over the first portion, wherein a bottom width of the second portion is greater than a top width of the first portion, wherein a shortest distance between the second portion and the second metal line is in a range from 50 Angstrom to 200 Angstrom, and a third portion over the second portion, wherein a bottom width of the third portion is greater than a top width of the second portion, the entire first portion and the entire second portion are under a coverage of a vertical projection area of the third portion, a first layer, and a second layer over the first layer.

Abstract: A vertical type transistor includes: a substrate; a first source/drain electrode layer provided on the substrate; a second source/drain electrode layer provided above the first source/drain electrode layer; a first gate electrode layer provided between the first and second source/drain electrode layers; a first gate insulating film passing through the first gate electrode layer; a hole passing through the second source/drain electrode layer, the first gate insulating film, and the first source/drain electrode layer; and a first channel layer provided on a lateral side of the hole, wherein the first channel layer may include a 2D semiconductor.

Abstract: A capacitor having a MIM structure includes a dielectric formed by laminating a plurality of times on an upper surface of a lower electrode, and an upper electrode on an upper surface of the dielectric. Forming of the dielectric includes forming the first dielectric layer on the upper surface of the lower electrode, cleaning an upper surface of the first dielectric layer by at least one of jet cleaning and dual fluid cleaning, and forming the second dielectric layer on an upper surface of the cleaned first dielectric layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method of forming the same is disclosed. The semiconductor device includes a substrate, a first well region disposed within the substrate, a second well region disposed adjacent to the first well region and within the substrate, and an array of well regions disposed within the first well region. The first well region includes a first type of dopants, the second well region includes a second type of dopants that is different from the first type of dopants, and the array of well regions include the second type of dopants. The semiconductor device further includes a metal silicide layer disposed on the array of well regions and within the substrate, a metal silicide nitride layer disposed on the metal silicide layer and within the substrate, and a contact structure disposed on the metal silicide nitride layer.

Abstract: A metal adhesion layer may be formed on a bottom and a sidewall of a trench prior to formation of a metal plug in the trench. A plasma may be used to modify the phase composition of the metal adhesion layer to increase adhesion between the metal adhesion layer and the metal plug. In particular, the plasma may cause a shift or transformation of the phase composition of the metal adhesion layer to cause the metal adhesion layer to be composed of a (111) dominant phase. The (111) dominant phase of the metal adhesion layer increases adhesion between the metal adhesion layer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to subtractive metals, subtractive metal semiconductor structures, subtractive metal interconnects, and to processes for forming such semiconductor structures and interconnects. In an embodiment, a process for fabricating a semiconductor structure is provided. The process includes performing a degas operation on the semiconductor structure and depositing a liner layer on the semiconductor structure. The process further includes performing a sputter operation on the semiconductor structure, and depositing, by physical vapor deposition, a metal layer on the liner layer, wherein the liner layer comprises Ti, Ta, TaN, or combinations thereof, and a resistivity of the metal layer is about 30 ??·cm or less.

Abstract: A method of making a semiconductor component includes depositing a first metal material onto a structure having a first cavity and a second cavity such that the first metal material fills the first cavity and forms a first lining on exposed surfaces of the second cavity. The method further includes depositing a dielectric material onto the structure such that the dielectric material forms a second lining on exposed surfaces of the first lining. The method further includes depositing a second metal material onto the structure such that the second metal material fills remaining volume in the second cavity.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method includes forming a first conductive feature in a first inter-metal dielectric (IMD) layer; depositing a blocking film over and physically contacting the first conductive feature; depositing a first dielectric layer over and physically contacting the first IMD layer; depositing a second dielectric layer over and physically contacting the first dielectric layer; removing the blocking film; depositing an etch stop layer over any physically contacting the first conductive feature and the second dielectric layer; forming a second IMD layer over the etch stop layer; etching an opening in the second IMD layer and the etch stop layer to expose the first conductive feature; and forming a second conductive feature in the opening.

Abstract: A semiconductor processing device can include a reactor assembly comprising a reaction chamber sized to receive a substrate therein. An exhaust line can be in fluid communication with the reaction chamber, the exhaust line configured to transfer gas out of the reaction chamber. A valve can be disposed along the exhaust line to regulate the flow of the gas along the exhaust line. A control system can be configured to operate in an open loop control mode to control the operation of the valve.

Abstract: A semiconductor component includes an insulative layer having a lowermost surface arranged on top of a bottom dielectric material. The semiconductor component further includes a first interconnect structure arranged in the bottom dielectric material such that an uppermost surface of the first interconnect structure is arranged at a first height relative to the lowermost surface of the insulative layer. The semiconductor component further includes a pillar connected to the first interconnect structure and extending through the insulative layer. The semiconductor component further includes a second interconnect structure arranged in the bottom dielectric material such that an uppermost surface of the second interconnect structure is arranged at a second height relative to the lowermost surface of the insulative layer. The second height is different than the first height.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for processing channel structures of substrates that include positioning the substrate in a first processing chamber having a first processing volume. The substrate includes a channel structure with high aspect ratio features having aspect ratios greater than about 20:1. The method includes forming a silicon-containing layer over the channel structure to a hydrogen-or-deuterium plasma in the first processing volume at a flow rate of about 10 sccm to about 5000 sccm. The substrate is maintained at a temperature of about 100° C. to about 1100° C. during the exposing, the exposing forming a nucleated substrate. Subsequent to the exposing a thermal anneal operation is performed on the substrate.

Abstract: Electronic devices (e.g., semiconductor devices, which may be configured for 3D NAND memory devices), comprise pillars extending through a stack of alternating conductive tiers and insulative tiers. The conductive tiers, which may include control gates for access lines (e.g., word lines), include conductive rails along an outer sidewall of the conductive tiers, distal from the pillars extending through the conductive tiers. The conductive rails protrude laterally beyond outer sidewalls of the insulative tiers. The conductive rails increase the amount of conductive material that may otherwise be in the conductive tiers, which may enable the conductive material to exhibit a lower electrical resistance, improving operational performance of the electronic devices.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductor package including: a redistribution substrate; at least one passive device in the redistribution substrate, the passive device including a first terminal and a second terminal; and a semiconductor chip on a top surface of the redistribution substrate, the semiconductor chip vertically overlapping at least a portion of the passive device, wherein the redistribution substrate includes: a dielectric layer in contact with a first lateral surface, a second lateral surface opposite to the first lateral surface, and a bottom surface of the passive device; a lower conductive pattern on the first terminal; a lower seed pattern provided between the first terminal and the conductive pattern, and directly connected to the first terminal; a first upper conductive pattern on the second terminal and a first upper seed pattern provided between the second terminal and the first upper conductive pattern, and directly connected to the second terminal.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a semiconductor device includes a substrate; a semiconductor chip provided on the substrate; a resin covering the semiconductor chip; and a metal film provided on the resin. The metal film includes a first metal layer provided on the resin, a second metal layer provided on the first metal layer, and a third metal layer provided on the second metal layer. The first metal layer and the second metal layer contain a same material, and a particle diameter of the second metal layer is smaller than a particle diameter of the first metal layer.

Abstract: Method for forming tungsten gap fill on a structure, including high aspect ratio structures includes depositing a tungsten liner in the structure using a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process with high ionization and an ambient gas of argon or krypton. The PVD process is performed at a temperature of approximately 20 degrees Celsius to approximately 300 degrees Celsius. The method further includes treating the structure with a nitridation process and depositing bulk fill tungsten into the structure using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process to form a seam suppressed boron free tungsten fill. The CVD process is performed at a temperature of approximately 300 degrees Celsius to approximately 500 degrees Celsius and at a pressure of approximately 5 Torr to approximately 300 Torr.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a semiconductor structure including a first conductive wire disposed over a substrate. A dielectric liner is arranged along sidewalls and an upper surface of the first conductive wire and is laterally surrounded by a first dielectric layer. The dielectric liner and the first dielectric layer are different materials. A conductive via is disposed within a second dielectric layer over the first conductive wire. The conductive via has a first lower surface disposed over the first dielectric layer and a second lower surface below the first lower surface and over the first conductive wire.

Abstract: A memory-containing die includes a three-dimensional memory array, a memory dielectric material layer located on a first side of the three-dimensional memory array, and memory-side bonding pads. A logic die includes a peripheral circuitry configured to control operation of the three-dimensional memory array, logic dielectric material layers located on a first side of the peripheral circuitry, and logic-side bonding pads included in the logic dielectric material layers. The logic-side bonding pads includes a pad-level mesh structure electrically connected to a source power supply circuit within the peripheral circuitry and containing an array of discrete openings therethrough, and discrete logic-side bonding pads. The logic-side bonding pads are bonded to a respective one, or a respective subset, of the memory-side bonding pads. The pad-level mesh structure can be used as a component of a source power distribution network.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure and a method for forming the same are provided. The method includes forming a dielectric layer on a substrate; forming a contact in the dielectric layer; recessing the dielectric layer so that the upper portion of the contact protrudes from the upper surface of the dielectric layer; and etching the upper portion of the contact to reduce the size of the upper portion of the contact. The semiconductor structure includes a substrate, a contact on the substrate and having an upper portion and a lower portion, a liner on the sidewall and bottom of the lower portion of the contact, and a dielectric layer surrounding the contact. The dielectric layer is in direct contact with the sidewall of the upper portion of the contact.

Abstract: An interposer-type component carrier includes a stack comprising at least one electrically conductive layer structure and at least one electrically insulating layer structure; a cavity formed in an upper portion of the stack; an active component embedded in the cavity and having at least one terminal facing upwards; and a redistribution structure having only one electrically insulating layer structure above the component. A method of manufacturing an interposer-type component carrier is also disclosed.

Abstract: An etching method includes: providing, in a chamber, a substrate including a structure including a first film selected from a molybdenum film and a tungsten film; performing a first etching on the first film by supplying an oxidation gas and a first gas selected from a MoF6 gas and a WF6 gas into the chamber; when a pore present inside the first film is exposed by the first etching, filling the pore with one of molybdenum and tungsten by stopping the first etching and supplying a reduction gas and a second gas selected the MoF6 gas and the WF6 gas into the chamber; and performing a second etching on a filling layer formed in the filling and the first film by supplying the oxidation gas and a third gas selected from the MoF6 gas and the WF6 gas into the chamber.

Abstract: Provided is a physical quantity sensor including: a movable body; a base body; and a lid body, in which the movable body is accommodated in a space between the base body and the lid body, the space is sealed with a melt portion obtained by melting a through hole provided in the lid body, the lid body and the melt portion contain silicon, and the melt portion has a continuous curved surface having unevenness.

Abstract: A coil electronic component includes an insulating substrate, a coil portion disposed on at least one surface of the insulating substrate, a body in which the insulating substrate and the coil portion are embedded, a lead-out portion connected to the coil portion and exposed from a surface of the body, and a connection portion including a plurality of connecting conductors each having a bent portion to increase lengths of the plurality of connecting conductors embedded in the body, the plurality of connecting conductors being spaced apart from each other, the connection portion connecting an end of the coil portion to the lead-out portion to each other.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes an exemplary method that can prevent or reduce out-diffusion of Cu from interconnect layers to magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) structures. The method includes forming an interconnect layer over a substrate that includes an interlayer dielectric stack with openings therein; disposing a metal in the openings to form corresponding conductive structures; and selectively depositing a diffusion barrier layer on the metal. In the method, selectively depositing the diffusion barrier layer includes pre-treating the surface of the metal; disposing a precursor to selectively form a partially-decomposed precursor layer on the metal; and exposing the partially-decomposed precursor layer to a plasma to form the diffusion barrier layer. The method further includes forming an MTJ structure on the interconnect layer over the diffusion barrier layer, where the bottom electrode of the MTJ structure is aligned to the diffusion barrier layer.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for performing physical vapor deposition in a reactor chamber to form aluminum material on a substrate including: depositing a first aluminum layer atop a substrate to form a first aluminum region having a first grain size and a first temperature; and cooling the first aluminum region atop a substrate to a second temperature at a rate sufficient to increase the first grain size to a second grain size.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a semiconductor base body of a first conductivity-type; a first electrode electrically connected to the semiconductor base body; a first semiconductor region of a second conductivity-type provided at an upper part of the semiconductor base body; a second semiconductor region of the first conductivity-type provided at an upper part of the first semiconductor region; a second electrode electrically connected to the first semiconductor region; an insulating film provided on a top surface of the second semiconductor region; and a passive element provided on a top surface of the insulating film.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a device includes: a magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) array including MRAM cells arranged in rows and columns, where a first column of the columns includes: first bottom electrodes arranged along the first column; first magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) stacks over the first bottom electrodes; a first shared electrode over each of the first MTJ stacks; second bottom electrodes arranged along the first column; second MTJ stacks over the second bottom electrodes; a second shared electrode over each of the second MTJ stacks; and a bit line electrically connected to the first shared electrode and the second shared electrode.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate; a first insulating film and a second insulating film provided above the semiconductor substrate; a low-k film provided between the first insulating film and the second insulating film; an element formation region in which elements included in an electric circuit are formed in the semiconductor substrate; a scribe region provided around the element formation region; a cut portion provided on the outer periphery of the scribe region; and a groove formed between the cut portion and the element formation region, wherein the groove penetrates through the low-k film.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion apparatus having a first substrate and a second substrate overlaid on each other and including electrically conductive portions is provided. The first substrate includes a photoelectric conversion element, a first portion configured to form part of a first surface, a second portion which is included in an electrically conductive pattern closest to the first portion, and a third portion which is included in an electrically conductive pattern second closest to the first portion. The second substrate includes a fourth portion configured to form part of a second surface, and a circuit. In a planar view with respect to the first surface, an area of the first portion is smaller than an area of the second portion and larger than an area of a portion of the third portion overlaying the second portion.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to a semiconductor device having a capacitor and a resistor and a method of forming the same. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor and a thin film resistor (TFR) formed in a back end of line portion of an integrated circuit (IC) chip.

Abstract: A resistance element includes a plurality of resistance chips stacked vertically, each of the plurality of resistance chips including a semiconductor substrate, one or more resistance layers on a field insulating film, a pad forming electrode on electrically connected to the one or more resistance layers, a relay wiring on the interlayer insulating film, laterally separated from the pad forming electrode, electrically connected to another end of at least one of the one or more resistance layers on one end and to a semiconductor substrate on another end, and a back surface electrode at a bottom of the semiconductor substrate, making ohmic contact with the semiconductor substrate, wherein the plurality of resistance chips have the same planar outer shape, and are stacked one over another so as to constitute a resistor as a whole.

Abstract: A multi-chip package comprising an interconnection substrate; a first semiconductor IC chip over the interconnection substrate, wherein the first semiconductor IC chip comprises a first silicon substrate, a plurality of first metal vias passing through the first silicon substrate, a plurality of first transistors on a top surface of the first silicon substrate and a first interconnection scheme over the first silicon substrate, wherein the first interconnection scheme comprises a first interconnection metal layer over the first silicon substrate, a second interconnection metal layer over the first interconnection layer and the first silicon substrate and a first insulating dielectric layer over the first silicon substrate and between the first and second interconnection metal layers; a second semiconductor IC chip over and bonded to the first semiconductor IC chip; and a plurality of second metal vias over and coupling to the interconnection substrate, wherein the plurality of second metal vias are in a space

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of forming a capacitor array and a semiconductor structure. The method of forming a capacitor array includes: providing a substrate, the substrate including an array region and a non-array region, wherein a base layer and a dielectric layer are formed in the substrate, and a first barrier layer is formed between the base layer and the dielectric layer; forming, on a surface of the dielectric layer, a first array definition layer and a second array definition layer respectively corresponding to the array region and the non-array region; forming a pattern transfer layer on a surface of each of the first array definition layer and the second array definition layer; patterning the dielectric layer and the second array definition layer by using the pattern transfer layer as a mask, and forming a capacitor array located in the array region.

Abstract: A memory device includes metal interconnect structures embedded within dielectric material layers that overlie a top surface of a substrate, a thin film transistor embedded in a first dielectric material layer selected from the dielectric material layers, and is vertically spaced from the top surface of the substrate, and a ferroelectric memory cell embedded within the dielectric material layers. A first node of the ferroelectric memory cell is electrically connected to a node of the thin film transistor through a subset of the metal interconnect structures that is located above, and vertically spaced from, the top surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A dielectric layer and a method of forming thereof. An opening defined in a dielectric layer and a wire deposited within the opening, wherein the wire includes a core material surrounded by a jacket material, wherein the jacket material exhibits a first resistivity ?1 and the core material exhibits a second resistivity ?2 and ?2 is less than ?1.

Abstract: A vertical type transistor includes: a substrate; a first source/drain electrode layer provided on the substrate; a second source/drain electrode layer provided above the first source/drain electrode layer; a first gate electrode layer provided between the first and second source/drain electrode layers; a first gate insulating film passing through the first gate electrode layer; a hole passing through the second source/drain electrode layer, the first gate insulating film, and the first source/drain electrode layer; and a first channel layer provided on a lateral side of the hole, wherein the first channel layer may include a 2D semiconductor.

Abstract: An electrode structure with an alloy interface is provided. In one aspect, a method of forming a contact structure includes: patterning a via in a first dielectric layer; depositing a barrier layer onto the first dielectric layer, lining the via; depositing and polishing a first metal layer (Element A) into the via to form a contact in the via; depositing a second metal layer (Element B) onto the contact in the via; annealing the first and second metal layers under conditions sufficient to form an alloy AB; depositing a third metal layer onto the second metal layer; patterning the second and third metal layers into a pedestal stack over the contact to form an electrode over the contact, wherein the alloy AB is present at an interface of the electrode and the contact; and depositing a second dielectric that surrounds the pedestal stack. A contact structure is also provided.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor structure includes providing a semiconductor wafer including a plurality of semiconductor dies, providing a polymerized material layer, attaching the polymerized material layer to the semiconductor wafer such that the polymerized material layer is polymerized prior to the step of attaching the polymerized material layer to the semiconductor wafer, applying and patterning an etch mask layer over the polymerized material layer, such that openings are formed through the etch mask layer, etching portions of the polymerized material layer that are proximal to the openings through the etch mask layer by applying an etchant into the openings through the etch mask layer in an etch process, and removing the etch mask layer selective to the polymerized material layer. Alternatively, a patterned polymerized material layer may be transferred from a transfer substrate to the semiconductor wafer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides one embodiment of a semiconductor structure. The semiconductor structure includes a substrate having a front side and a back side; a gate stack formed on the front side of the substrate and disposed on an active region of the substrate; a first source/drain feature formed on the active region and disposed at an edge of the gate stack; a backside power rail formed on the back side of the substrate; and a backside contact feature interposed between the backside power rail and the first source/drain feature, and electrically connecting the backside power rail to the first source/drain feature. The backside contact feature further includes a first silicide layer on the back side of the substrate.

Abstract: There is provided a semiconductor device in which the inter-wiring capacitance of wiring lines provided in any layout is further reduced. A semiconductor device (1) including: a first inter-wiring insulating layer (120) that is provided on a substrate (100) and includes a recess on a side opposite to the substrate; a first wiring layer (130) that is provided inside the recess in the first inter-wiring insulating layer; a sealing film (140) that is provided along an uneven shape of the first wiring layer and the first inter-wiring insulating layer; a second inter-wiring insulating layer (220) that is provided on the first inter-wiring insulating layer to cover the recess; and a gap (150) that is provided between the second inter-wiring insulating layer and the first wiring layer and the first inter-wiring insulating layer. The second inter-wiring insulating layer has a planarized surface that is opposed to the recess.

Abstract: A method of making carbon nanotubes is provided, the method includes depositing a catalyst layer on a substrate, placing the substrate having the catalyst layer in a reaction furnace, heating the reaction furnace to a predetermined temperature, introducing a carbon source gas and a protective gas into the reaction furnace to grow a first carbon nanotube segment structure comprising a plurality of metallic carbon nanotube segments, and applying a pulsed electric field to grow a second carbon nanotube segment structure from the plurality of metallic carbon nanotube segments, where the pulsed electric field is a periodic electric field including a plurality of positive electric field pulses and a plurality of negative electric field pulses alternately arranged, and the second carbon nanotube segment structure includes a plurality of semiconducting carbon nanotube segments.