Abstract: Methods for manufacturing a composite fan inlet housing are disclosed. The methods include inserting a first piece of composite material and a second piece of composite material into a molding tool, inserting an inflatable bladder between the first piece and the second piece, and pressurizing the inflatable bladder to a curing pressure for a length of time sufficient to allow the first piece and second piece to cure.

Abstract: A method of sealing coil leads during encapsulation by placing a lead of a coil in a tube, such that there remains a gap between the lead and the tube; placing the coil in a mold such that the gap remains open to an environment surrounding the mold; and injecting encapsulation material into the closed mold in a liquid state under pressure, thereby causing the material to flow through the gap toward the environment. Injecting encapsulation material into the mold may be done at a rate, temperature, and/or environmental temperature to cause the material to solidify before passing through the gap into the environment. In any case, there is no need to seal the mold to the leads. Each lead of the coil may be placed into an individual tube and/or the tubes may be is formed within a single sleeve.

Abstract: Methods for forming aluminum enclosures for consumer products are described. Included are methods for forming features, such as brackets or supports for supporting one or more internal components of the consumer product. In some embodiments, methods involve shaping integral features into the aluminum enclosures. In some embodiments, methods involve molding resinous or plastic features onto the aluminum enclosures. Some methods involve one or more of an extrusion, rolling, stamping, bending, forging and other shaping techniques. Some methods involve a metal softening technique such as an annealing process. Some methods involve post-shaping treatments including one or more of an impurity removal process, hardening process and surface finishing process. Some embodiments involve forming nano-pores in aluminum enclosures and inserts to enhance bonding of plastic features to the aluminum enclosures and inserts.

Abstract: A method for assembling a skin and a flange of a stiffener. The periphery of the contact between the skin and the flange of the stiffener is sealed by applying a bead of adhesive on the flange of the stiffener in contact with the skin. A first and second orifices are made in the skin. The orifices open at the interface between the skin and the flange of the stiffener. The adhesive is injected through the first orifice at the interface between the skin and the flange of the stiffener while keeping the skin in contact with the stiffener until the interface between the skin and the stiffener is completely filled with the adhesive.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for direct writing of passive structures having a tolerance of 5% or less in one or more physical, electrical, chemical, or optical properties. The present apparatus is capable of extended deposition times. The apparatus may be configured for unassisted operation and uses sensors and feedback loops to detect physical characteristics of the system to identify and maintain optimum process parameters.

Abstract: A tamper resistant pipe coupling is formed of segments connected end to end using fasteners. The segments have bearing pads at each end, each bearing pad surrounded by a shield wall. The shield walls and the bearing pads form a well that receives the fasteners and provides defense against tampering. The well is filled with a potting material, such as refractory cement, to cover the fasteners and provide additional protection. Formations are provided on the bearing pad and shield wall to ensure positive mechanical engagement between the coupling and the potting layer. The shield wall and bearing pad may be integrally formed with the coupling segments or a separate component.

Abstract: This invention relates seed layers and a process of manufacturing seed layers for casting silicon suitable for use in solar cells or solar modules. The process includes the step of positioning tiles with aligned edges to form seams on a suitable surface, and the step of joining the tiles at the seams to form a seed layer. The step of joining includes heating the tiles to melt at least a portion of the tiles, contacting the tiles at both ends of at least one seam with electrodes, using plasma deposition of amorphous silicon, applying photons to melt a portion of the tiles, and/or layer deposition. Seed layers of this invention include a rectilinear shape of at least about 500 millimeters in width and length.

Abstract: An electrical power transmission line includes: at least one electrical cable; a raceway made of ferromagnetic material including a base and a cover defining an inner housing space for housing the electrical cable; a wet basic filling material having a pH between 11 and 13 housed in the inner housing space and embedding the at least one electrical cable. In order to achieve corrosion protection of the raceway, the inner surface of the cover is in contact with a basic passivating material having a pH between 11 and 13.

Abstract: Hollow fiber membranes are potted by injecting a liquid material into a substantially closed cavity (44) containing the fibers. The cavity may be formed in part by the interaction of a mold a permeate pan (52) and a layer of an adhesive pre-applied to a bundle of the membranes.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a wind turbine blade shell part comprising fiber material impregnated with cured resin is described. The method comprises the steps of: a) providing a first mold part having a first forming surface with a contour that defines at least a part of an outer surface of turbine blade shell part, b) arranging fiber material in the first mold part, the fiber material comprising fibers of a magnetizable material, c) providing a resin in the first mold part simultaneous with and/or subsequent to step b), and d) curing the resin in order to form the wind turbine blade shell part or wind turbine blade. The fiber material is retained against the first forming surface by use of magnet means during step b) and/or step c).

Abstract: A method facilitates fabricating a cellular cushion. The method comprises injecting material into a mold in an injection molding process to form a cushion first layer that includes a plurality of hollow cells that extend outward from the base and are each coupled together in flow communication, coupling a second layer to the first layer, and coupling an injection stem in flow communication to the plurality of hollow cells to enable an operating pressure within the cells to be changed.

Abstract: A utility truck with arched reinforcing rods incorporated into the base of a plastic truck during molding. The reinforcing rods are held in place in a mold at a predetermined distance above the mold's inner surface by spacers attached to the ends of the rods. Plastic is molded around the rods, with more plastic provided below the rods than above them, so that, when the plastic truck is removed from the mold and allowed to cool, the plastic will contract to a greater extent than the metal rods, causing the base and the reinforcing rods to bow upward, creating a convex arch in the truck's base. The arch provides an inherently strong, bridge-type structure that substantially strengthens the load-bearing capability of the truck, yet requires less reinforcing material than conventional supplemental chassis structures. In another embodiment, caster base mounts are also molded into the bottom of the truck, providing a utility truck with a unitary chassis structure.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure describe techniques and configurations for molded heat spreaders. In some embodiments, a heat spreader includes a first insert having a first face and a first side, the first face positioned to form a bottom surface of a first cavity, and a second insert having a second face and a second side, the second face positioned to form a bottom surface of a second cavity. The second cavity may have a depth that is different from a depth of the first cavity. The heat spreader may further include a molding material disposed between the first and second inserts and coupled with the first side and the second side, the molding material forming at least a portion of a side wall of the first cavity and at least a portion of a side wall of the second cavity. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: A buffer material protects a microelectronic device in space constrained environments, for improved efficiency with respect to magnetostrictive materials therein, and includes a gas filled polymer shell microsphere carried in an elastomeric polymer binder. Expanded Expancel microspheres being less than 20 microns in diameter form 80% of the composition by volume. The polymer binder is a low viscosity dimethyl silicone with a hardness of less than 25. Coating thicknesses may be based upon the overall expected dimensional changes of the encapsulation material, due to its coefficient of thermal expansion and an expected operating temperature range of the component, plus the expected shrinkage of that encapsulation material during polymerization and the overall mass which shall be exerting a force upon the magnetic core, plus the dimensional changes of the component as a result of the flux density resulting in magnetostriction of the magnetic core.

Abstract: An embedded electronic device and a method for manufacturing the same wherein the embedded electronic device is composed of a printed circuit board, having a top surface and a bottom surface, a plurality of circuit components attached to the top surface of the printed circuit board having a plurality of standoffs on the bottom surface of the printed circuit board, a bottom overlay attached to the bottom surface of the printed circuit board, a top overlay positioned above the top surface of the printed circuit board and a core layer positioned between the top surface of the printed circuit board and the top overlay.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for treating an infected implant area of a knee joint comprises surgically accessing the implant area, and inserting a tibial component into the tibia using an antibiotic-impregnated material. A femoral component is formed that is configured to interact with the tibial component by stable knee joint articulation and motion. The femoral component is formed of an antibiotic-impregnated material using a mold. The femoral component is attached to the femur using an antibiotic-impregnated material, and the tibial component is interfaced with the femoral component to form a stable temporary knee joint capable of reducing the spread of infection while permitting movement of the knee joint.

Abstract: In various embodiments a frame system for a surgical system may include a plurality of rod structures cross connected through one or more structural members. In some embodiments, the rod structures may each include at least one rod with an interface joint molded over the at least one rod. One or more of the interface joints may include a receiving hole for receiving a structural member to couple at least two of the plurality of rod structures together. One or more surgical components (such as a surgical console) may be received into the frame system. Other components may also be received into the frame system (e.g., an aesthetic skin). The rod structures may also include cross face structural members that are secured to portions of the rod structures through being molded to the rod structures through the interface joints.

Abstract: A pin or tube reinforced polymeric foam and a method of manufacture thereof. The reinforcing pins or tubes are incorporated into the polymeric foam during or after fabrication of the reinforced polymer foam and are preferably coated with an adhesive or binder layer prior to fabrication.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a conveyance seat having a pad structure including a seat pad and a back face member includes integrally molding the seat pad with the back face member in a state where the back face member is arranged so as to cross over at least part of a parting line that is formed by laying a first sub element and a second sub element of a molding die on top of each other, the molding die being formed of at least the first sub element and the second sub element.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a fiber composite component having an integral structural design includes positioning a sheet-like fibrous semi-finished product in a mold that defines an outer contour of the fiber composite component. Dimensionally stable fibrous semi-finished products, each having dimensions corresponding to a respective portion of the manufactured fiber composite component, are arranged on the sheet-like fibrous semi-finished product. The dimensionally stable fibrous semi-finished products are stabilized and fixed in place using mold cores. The semi-finished products are resin infiltrated using one of a first or a second gating process so as to form a construct. The first gating process includes gating via the mold cores at a head of each dimensionally stable fibrous semi-finished product and performing extraction in an area of the mold.

Abstract: An integrated circuit chip attachment in a microstructure device is accomplished through the use of an adhesive-based material in which graphene flakes are incorporated. This results in superior thermal conductivity. The spatial orientation of the graphene flakes is controlled, for example by adhering polar molecules to the graphene flakes and exposing the flakes to an external force field, so that the graphene flakes have desired orientations under the integrated circuit chip, alongside of the integrated circuit chip and above the integrated circuit chip.

Abstract: A window assembly having at least one pane is presented for use in a building. Positioned within the pane are a plurality of spaced-apart micro-louvers which extend substantially across the length of the pane. The micro-louvers are positioned to block transmission of direct sunlight through the pane when the sun is at a selected angle above the horizon or higher. The angle at and above which direct light is blocked can be selected to be approximately 30 or 45 degrees above the horizon, for example. The angle can be selected based on the latitude of the location of the window assembly, the time of day during which direct sunlight is blocked, etc. The micro-louvers may have reflective surfaces, be colored as desired, be opaque or translucent.

Abstract: A hybrid spinal implant device, and method of making the same are disclosed. The spinal implant device comprises two facing endplates, each having at least one anchoring wall or pin element, and a plastic spacer anchored to and located between the two endplates. The endplates may be manufactured from titanium. The plastic spacer may be manufactured from a radiolucent, and bio-compatible polymer-based material including polyetheretherketone (“PEEK”), polyetherketone, polyetherketoneketone, and/or fiber reinforced plastic. The endplates made of titanium allow for enhanced bone growth, while the plastic/PEEK spacer element allows for improved load absorption and distribution. The spinal implant device, using titanium endplates and a PEEK spacer, provides excellent radiolucency thereby eliminating the need for X-ray markers either intra- or post-operation. The manufacturing method for the hybrid spinal implant device uses injection molding to insert or back injection mold the spacer between the two endplates.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure describe techniques and configurations for molded heat spreaders. In some embodiments, a heat spreader includes a first insert having a first face and a first side, the first face positioned to form a bottom surface of a first cavity, and a second insert having a second face and a second side, the second face positioned to form a bottom surface of a second cavity. The second cavity may have a depth that is different from a depth of the first cavity. The heat spreader may further include a molding material disposed between the first and second inserts and coupled with the first side and the second side, the molding material forming at least a portion of a side wall of the first cavity and at least a portion of a side wall of the second cavity. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: A composite interbody device for use with spinal fusion surgery is described herein. The composite interbody device comprises a central body made from a radiolucent biocompatible polymer (e.g., PEEK or UHMWPE) and metallic plates, which are placed at the superior and inferior surfaces of the central body. The metallic plates are comprised of an end plate that is adjacent to a vertebral body and an intermediate plate that is adjacent to the central body. The end plates may have one or more arrays of apertures to facilitate bone growth into the end plates to secure the interbody device within the intervertebral space. The intermediate plates may also have one or more arrays of apertures to allow the central body to bond to the end plates through compression molding, injection molding, and/or heat molding.

Abstract: A method for the at least partial connecting of walls of a hollow body of an elastic material with at least one opening, wherein a connecting material is introduced in viscous form into the opening of the pre-formed hollow body, the walls of which form a cavity, between two wall sections or surfaces of the wall sections facing each other are melted on for the purpose of the formation of a viscous connecting material, and then the connecting material is transferred into an elastic state with chemical or physical linking with the surfaces of the hollow body, so that the wall sections of the hollow body are at least partially connected with each other in the region of the connecting material, and a corresponding hollow body.

Abstract: Protection of elements (1) of composite material protected at its points of complex geometry, such as various edges and corners, against electric discharges to which they are potentially exposed, said elements (1) being obtained by applying a cycle of temperature and pressure to a composite material arranged in a mold (2) designed in such a way that, once the geometry of the element (1) is known, the mold (2) includes free spaces (6) intended for the accumulation of resin from the process of manufacture of said element (1), and said resin will form the dielectric protection of the various edges or corners of the element (1) as it builds up, forming layers (3) that are disposed around the free edges of the element (1), thus endowing these surfaces of various edges or corners with dielectric protection of electrical insulation that prevents possible discharges and expulsion of hot particles in the case of electric discharge on said element (1).

Abstract: A sealing unit for sealing a gap between a pair of surfaces includes a nozzle for injecting sealant into the gap, rollers, an endless track round the rollers, and a curing device. The sealing unit is moved along the length of the gap. A sealant is injected into the gap from the nozzle and the track is rotated around the rollers as they are moved along the length of the gap. The track is pressed onto first and second surfaces so the sealant in the gap is constrained by the track to lie substantially flush with the first and second surfaces. The sealing unit is moved along the length of the gap at a rate such that the sealant becomes sufficiently cured when it is in contact with the track so that the track can be peeled away from the sealant as the track rotates round the second roller.

Abstract: A motor housing assembly is formed by positioning a stator relative to a motor housing to configure a fillable gap between the stator and the motor housing, and filling the fillable gap is at least partially with a polymeric material to form a thermally conductive layer. The polymeric material may include a metallic filler material. The thermally conductive layer is in contact with an exterior surface of the stator and an interior surface of the motor housing adjacent the exterior surface of the stator, and is configured to cover at least half of the exterior surface. A method to form the thermally conductive layer includes injecting a high flow polymeric material through a port defined by the housing and in fluid communication with the fillable gap.

Abstract: A gearwheel (1) is provided with an external part (2), an insert (3), and a connecting part (4) for creating a form-fitting connection between the external part (2) and the insert (3), wherein the connecting part (4) is made from a material molded between the external part (2) and the insert (3). A method for manufacturing a gearwheel (1) is provided, in which an external part (2) and an insert (3) are form-fittingly connected to a connecting part (4), wherein the minimum of one such connecting part (4) is molded between the external part (2) and the insert (3).

Abstract: The technology disclosed herein generally relates to methods of making a spacer. At least a portion of a first elongate strip and a portion of a second elongate strip are arranged to define a space there between. A first sidewall is extruded through a first extrusion nozzle in the space. The first sidewall is adhered to the first elongate strip and the second elongate strip and the first extrusion nozzle is moved relative to the first and second elongate strips while extruding the first sidewall.

Abstract: A method of forming a bonded structure (10), such as for use in an automobile structure, comprises providing a first substrate (14) and a second substrate (16), and adding an adhesive region between the substrates, wherein the adhesive region has a first adhesive portion (18) and a second adhesive portion (12), and curing the first adhesive portion more quickly than the second adhesive portion, the method including positioning the substrates relative to one another and injecting the adhesive between said substrates to form an adhesive region while holding the substrates relative to one another.

Abstract: The present application describes compositions for making a cast, thermoformable sheet or slab, wherein the thermoformable sheet or slab demonstrates properties associated with both solid surface and polymeric materials. Additionally, the present application describes a method of welding the compositions described in the present application. Further, the present application describes a wall protection system utilizing the compositions described in the present application. Finally, the present application describes a method for laminating the compositions described in the present application onto a sheet or slab of a polymeric material.

Abstract: Methods of producing a custom-fitted prosthetic socket device for a residual limb include covering the distal end thereof with a liner, positioning the covered end within a socket cup to maintain a spaced relationship between the exterior of the liner and the interior of the socket cup, introducing an expandable, hardenable filler material into the socket cup, expanding the material to fill the volume between the liner and the socket cup, hardening the material, and removing the socket cup, hardened filler material, and liner, from the residual limb. Some methods include a filler material that hardens into a flexible solid foam cushioning layer which may optionally form a bond between the socket cup and the liner, embedding the liner in the cushioning layer. Some methods include selecting a socket cup from a plurality of sized socket cups, and/or providing the plurality of sized socket cups.

Abstract: A method of providing a conduit (5, 7, 49, 51 93, 129, 131, 151, 231, 233, 259) adapted for conducting a medium, with a functional element. The functional element is adapted for at least one of: coupling, connecting, sealing, fixing, adjusting, aligning, receiving, protecting, and positioning the conduit. A part, comprising a plastic material, is plastified and molded within a forming tool for shaping the form of the functional element and for attaching the functional element to the conduit.

Abstract: Vessel closures having a variety of inserts for aseptically sealing vessels. The vessel closures have a body with one or more apertures, one or more inserts extending axially through the one or more apertures, and a cast seal surrounding the inserts. The cast seal is preferably east silicone. The vessel closures may have one or more anchors securing the inserts to the body of the vessel closure. Also disclosed are methods of manufacturing vessel closures and a method of using the vessel closures disclosed herein for circulating fluids into and out of a vessel while also having the ability to regulate the temperature of the pumped fluid.

Abstract: A flexible film comprising a wavelength converting material is positioned over a light source. The flexible film is conformed to a predetermined shape. In some embodiments, the light source is a light emitting diode mounted on a support substrate. The diode is aligned with an indentation in a mold such that the flexible film is disposed between the support substrate and the mold. Transparent molding material is disposed between the support substrate and the mold. The support substrate and the mold are pressed together to cause the molding material to fill the indentation. The flexible film conforms to the shape of the light source or the mold.

Abstract: A wind turbine rotor blade is provided. The wind turbine rotor blade includes at least two blade sections and a connector for connecting adjacent blade sections, which connector has an inner connecting part of a first blade section and an outer connecting part of a second blade section, wherein the outer connecting part is adapted to enclose the inner connecting part; and a first seal arranged about a connecting part such that an outer surface of the inner connecting part, an inner surface of the outer connecting part, and the first seal form a mould; and an adhesive layer introduced to fill the mould. A wind turbine having a number of such rotor blades as well as a method of constructing such a wind turbine rotor blade are also provided.

Abstract: A rotor core assembly that includes a magnet, a first end cap located at an end of the magnet, a second end cap located at an opposite end of the magnet, and a sleeve that surrounds the magnet and the end caps. The sleeve forms an interference fit with each of the end caps, and an adhesive is located between the magnet and the sleeve. Additionally, a method of manufacturing the rotor core assembly.

Abstract: A flow medium for assisting a resin to be transferred into a mold accommodating a layered structure of reinforced material is provided. The flow medium is configured such that when the resin is cured the flow medium becomes incorporated within a final composite component comprising the reinforced material embedded within the transferred and cured resin. A semifinished product comprising such a flow medium is provided and a method for producing a composite component by utilizing such a semifinished product is also provided.

Abstract: A method for producing a weather strip including an extrusion molded extrusion molded portion, an injection molded portion which is formed by a molding device having a plurality of mold members and connects both ends of the extrusion molded portions in a straight line shape, a mounting base portion which is mounted on a circumferential edge of an opening of a body or a circumferential edge of an opening/closing member for opening and closing the opening, and a hollow sealing portion which protrudes from the mounting base portion, and is pressed against an opposite member when the opening/closing member for opening and closing the opening is closed.

Abstract: A method of making an electrical stimulation lead includes disposing conductive contacts in a spaced-apart longitudinal arrangement within a mold. A portion of a stylet tube is disposed within the mold, and the stylet tube extends through the conductive contacts. Conductive wires are positioned external to the stylet tube and each contact is coupled to at least one of the wires. A non-conductive material is molded between adjacent pairs of the contacts, around the wires, and over the stylet tube, to form a portion of the lead. This portion includes the contacts, the stylet tube, the wires, and one or more non-conductive spacers formed from the non-conductive material. Finally, the portion of the lead is removed from the mold. Another method includes placing a temporary tube around the conductive contacts and forming spacers by introducing flowable, curable, non-conductive material within the tube and between the conductive contacts.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the invention relate to an alignment apparatus including a source unit providing an electromagnetic signal, a receiving unit detecting the provided electromagnetic signal, and a polarization element positioned between the source unit and the receiving unit and having a transmissive axis fixed in a predetermined direction. A substrate may be positioned between the source unit and the receiving unit, and may be formed with a polarizer including a plurality of metal lines with a minute linear pattern. The luminance or intensity of the electromagnetic signal may be detected by the receiving unit while rotating the substrate.

Abstract: There are provided an antenna pattern frame having an antenna pattern embedded therein, an electronic device including the same, a method of manufacturing the same, and a mold for manufacturing the same. The antenna pattern frame includes a radiator including an antenna pattern part transmitting or receiving a signal and a terminal connection portion electrically connecting the antenna pattern part and a circuit substrate; a radiator frame formed by injection-molding the radiator so that the terminal connection portion is exposed to the other surface and the antenna pattern part is exposed to one surface, and having a portion having the antenna pattern part protruded in a direction of one surface as opposed to directions of other portions; and a cover frame injection-molded so that the antenna pattern part is embedded between the radiator frame and the cover frame.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plastic hollow part (1) and to a method for the manufacture of a plastic hollow part, wherein plastic material is introduced into a molding tool by means of a blowing or injection molding process, forming a hollow connection contour (10) and the plastic is formed into a hollow part (1), wherein a support ring (4) is molded into the area of the connection contour (10).

Abstract: A process for producing a fiber reinforced resin which comprises placing at least a reinforcing fiber substrate in a cavity of a mold, injecting a resin into the cavity, and curing the resin, characterized in that a substrate for forming a skin layer, and a resin distribution medium, which is located between the substrate for forming the skin layer and the reinforcing fiber substrate and in which the ratio of the coefficient of impregnation thereof to that of the substrate for forming the skin layer is 1.5-10, are disposed on at least one surface of the reinforcing fiber substrate via an interlayer having a cover factor of 90%-100% and comprising at least one woven fabric. The process diminishes pinhole generation in the skin layer in RTM, and can reduce the necessity of a repair step in, e.g., a painting step as a later step, thereby improving productivity.

Abstract: A catheter assembly includes an inner liner made of flexible material and an outer layer having a steering mechanism. The steering mechanism includes at least one flat wire and a corresponding lumen through which the flat wire may travel. The steering mechanism may also include at least one pull ring to which the flat wires are attached. A layer of heat shrink material may encompass the outer layer. A braided wire assembly may also be provided in the outer layer, and may be formed by braiding a plurality of flat wires into a wire mesh. The overall cross-section of the catheter assembly is preferably substantially circular. A catheter shaft may include a plurality of segments of differing hardness characteristics. The outer layer typically comprises a melt processing polymer such that the catheter assembly may be laminated using heat.

Abstract: In a connector (10) with a first housing (11) made of resin and including a first terminal portion (42A) connected to a first device and a second housing (25) made of resin and including a second terminal portion (42B) connected to a second device, the first and second housings (11, 25) are coupled and united by a coupling portion (30) made of rubber and formed by insert molding or two-color molding. A method for manufacturing the connector (10) of the present invention includes a uniting step of coupling and uniting the first and second housings (11, 25) by the coupling portion (30) made of rubber by insert molding or two-color molding.

Abstract: A panel for use in a foundation or above-grade may be made with studs for strength, and for attachment to an interior wall. The composite panel has two outer facing sheets, and a core. Studs are provided on one of the outer facing sheets. The manufacturing process involves forming the panel on a mold by laying down a gel coat (optional), a lower facing sheet (used instead of, or with, the gel coat), the core piece(s), and the top facing layer. This can be done by a lamination process, or preferably is done by laying down fibrous material for the facing sheet(s) and vacuum-infusing it with resin, and curing the panel. The core pieces may either be pre-made, or (if infusion is used) may themselves be made in this process, by infusing them with the resin as well. The studs are preferably of galvanized steel and are secured by means of an adhesive.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a storage compartment, an inner door including an opening having a size corresponding to the size of the storage compartment, a plurality of door guards disposed in the opening, and an outer door that opens or closes the opening, wherein the inner door includes inner sidewalls that are disposed at both sides of the opening and are flat from an inlet of the opening to an outlet of the opening without any curve.