Abstract: The present invention relates to an anticancer composition comprising a peptide that inhibits the proliferation of cancer stem cells present in tumor tissue and that induces apoptosis of such cancer stem cells, and more particularly, to an anticancer peptide that inhibits the activity of NF-?B which is overexpressed specifically in cancer stem cells present in tumors.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel cytotoxic peptides of formula (I) as described herein: and the use of such peptides in making immunoconjugates (i.e Antibody Drug Conjugates) Also described herein are immunoconjugates (i.e Antibody Drug Conjugates) comprising such novel cytotoxic peptide linked to an antigen binding moiety, such as an antibody; where such immunoconjugates are useful for treating cell proliferative disorders. The invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising these immunoconjugates, compositions comprising the immunoconjugates with a therapeutic co-agent, and methods to use these immunoconjugates and compositions for treating cell proliferation disorders.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a liposome preparation which is a liposome, has a lipid bilayer membrane composed of an inner membrane constituted by a lipid including one or more types of functional lipids (a lipid capable of chemically interacting with another compound such as a charged lipid, a polarizable lipid, a lipid-soluble lipid or a water-soluble lipid) and an outer membrane constituted by a lipid with or without including one or more types of functional lipids, and is characterized in that at least a condition that the amount of any one type of functional lipid contained in the inner membrane is larger than in the outer membrane is satisfied. The liposome preparation is suitable as a liposome for encapsulating a contrast agent (a neutral substance having a hydroxy group), siRNA (an anionic substance) having an anticancer activity or the like. Its encapsulation ratio of drug agents, dispersion stability, control release and the like have been improved.

Abstract: Methods and devices for treating a lung are disclosed. The method may include deploying a catheter into an airway of the lung, and discharging a media into the airway through the catheter. The media may be configured to increase elasticity of lung tissue in the vicinity of the airway or occlude the airway.

Abstract: Provided are a tetrapeptide for inhibiting VEGF-induced angiogenesis and a use thereof, and particularly, provided is a peptide having the amino acid sequence of R-X1-X2-E (wherein X1 is leucine (L), isoleucine (I) or valine (V), and X2 is tyrosine (Y) or phenylalanine (F)) for inhibiting angiogenesis, or preventing, improving or treating cancer. This research was supported by grants from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP), Republic of Korea, in 2011 and 2013 [NRF-2011-0028790 and 2013M3A9B6046563]. The tetrapeptide may effectively inhibit VEGF-induced angiogenesis or growth of cancer cells without a risk of side effects, and therefore may be expected to exhibit an excellent anticancer effect.

Abstract: Methods for formulating a liposome comprised of a surfactant and a cryopreservative that can be frozen for long term stability, and upon thawing provides an immediate and sustained release delivery profile. Specific liposome formulations include anti-infectives and delivery of such for treatment of respiratory tract infections and other medical conditions, and devices and formulations used in connection with such are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating a radiation- or drug-resistant cancer, containing an agent capable of inhibiting the expression of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF)-related protein-3 (HRP-3), a method of treating a radiation- or drug-resistant cancer by administering the pharmaceutical composition, and the use of an HRP-3 inhibitor for preparing an agent for treating a radiation- or drug-resistant cancer. The use of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention enables to treat a resistant cancer in combination with a conventional anticancer chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Accordingly, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can reduce both the costs for developing anticancer agents against resistant cancers and the costs for treating cancers in patients, thus being useful for the economic and effective treatment of resistant cancers.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for eliciting an immune response to an immunogen, and in particular, to such methods using polymersomes as carriers for the immunogen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to preparation of biodegradable microparticles formed from polylactide-polyglycolide copolymers (PLGA) polymer and how to achieve sigmoidal release of active pharmaceutical compound from the microparticles. In particular, the present invention relates to emulsification of an inner/oil phase to an outer/water phase followed by quenching and a single drying step for the preparation of microparticles having a preferred release profile of preferably basic/nucleophilic compounds such as risperidone. Alternatively the present invention is also suitable for hydrophobic compounds that have poor water-solubility and a high drug loading of >20% w/w is required. The release profile can be controlled by adjusting the degree of saturation of the outer/water phase with the organic solvent used in the inner/oil phase, the polymer concentration of the inner/oil phase and the temperature at the quenching step.

Abstract: A method for making microcapsules including an encapsulated material may include providing, in an aqueous continuous phase, one or more microcapsules including an encapsulated material surrounded by an inner shell including a first cross-linked polymer matrix. An outer surface of the inner shell may be hydrophobic. The method may also include adding thereto a polymerizable liquid component and a stabilizing agent, wherein the polymerizable liquid component is immiscible in the aqueous environment. The method may also include forming microcapsules wetted by the polymerizable liquid component. The method may further include polymerizing the polymerizable liquid component forming an outer shell including a second cross-linked polymer matrix formed about the inner shell. The microcapsules may be included in articles and compositions.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and compositions for the delivery of bioactive compounds to a cell, tissue, or physiological site. The compositions comprise delivery system complexes comprising liposomes encapsulating a biodegradable ionic precipitate having incorporated therein a bioactive compound and delivery system complexes comprising a biodegradable ionic precipitate ionically bound to a surrounding lipid bilayer, wherein the biodegradable ionic precipitate comprises a bioactive compound. Also provided herein are methods for the treatment of a disease or an unwanted condition in a subject, wherein the methods comprise administering the delivery system complexes comprising bioactive compounds that have therapeutic activity against the disease or unwanted condition to the subject.

Abstract: Provided herein is technology relating to incorporation of drugs into liposomes and particularly, but not exclusively, to methods for incorporating drugs into liposomes using a weak base and related compositions.

Abstract: Hydrogels and composite material containing hydrogels and liposomes dispersed therein, which exhibit a reduced friction coefficient compared to neat hydrogels or composites containing hydrogels, processes for preparing the same, and methods for using the same are disclosed.

Abstract: Here, we identify Plenty of SH3 (POSH) and JNK-interacting protein 1 (JIP-1) as a multi-protein scaffold network for TCR-mediated JNK1 activation in CD8+ T-cells. Disruption of the POSH/JIP-1 complex led to profound defects in the activation of JNK1, as well as deficient activation or induction of the transcription factors c-Jun, T-bet and Eomesodermin. Furthermore, disruption of the POSH/JIP complex in CD8+ T-cells resulted in impaired proliferation, decreased cytokine expression and the inability to control tumors. Collectively, these data identify a mechanism for the specific regulation of TCR-dependent JNK1 activation and function that is key for CD8+ T-cell responses. A group of compounds are described that individually or in concert target a common set of biological pathways important in T cell function, activation of innate inflammation, ischemic reperfusion injury, HIV release and oncogenesis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel cycloundecadepsipeptide compounds and their analogues which bind and inhibit cyclophilins, have reduced immunosuppressive activity and improved physicochemical properties including water solubility. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing said depsipeptide compounds and their analogues for use in the treatment or prevention of diseases and pathologies which may be ameliorated by the inhibition of cyclophilin activity.

Abstract: Peptides derived from amino acid residues 210 to 240 of human syndecan 1 and methods of use of such peptides are described. These peptides can inhibit activation of ?4?1 integrin (also known as very late antigen-4, VLA-4), and can inhibit engagement of VLA-4 with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2), thereby preventing tumor cell growth and tissue invasion.

Abstract: A liposome composition, which is obtained by mixing a water-miscible organic solution in which a phospholipid and cholesterol are contained in a total concentration of 100 to 200 w/v % in a water-miscible organic solvent with a first aqueous phase solution in an amount of 3/1 to 12/1 in terms of volume ratio to the water-miscible organic solution, thereby obtaining an emulsion in which the total concentration of the phospholipid and cholesterol in the resulting mixed phase is 15 to 50 w/v %, followed by subjecting the emulsion to external solution exchange with a second aqueous phase solution, wherein an ion gradient is formed between an aqueous phase in an internal region of a liposome membrane, including the first aqueous phase solution, and an aqueous phase in an external region of the liposome membrane, including the second aqueous phase solution, and a drug can be introduced in a high encapsulation amount.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a drug delivery system capable of sustainedly releasing a drug noninvasively at any given point in time. The present invention relates to a liposome complex comprising a liposome membrane-constituting substance bonded to a light-absorbing compound having an absorption wavelength in the near-infrared region, selected from the group consisting of indocyanine green dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, squarylium dyes, croconium dyes, and diimmonium dyes.

Abstract: A liposomal composition includes at least two anti-tumor herbal drugs that are simultaneously co-encapsulated. Optionally, the liposomal composition is targeted by adding a monoclonal antibody is added to the liposomes.

Abstract: The invention provides extended release pro-liposomal, non-aqueous, pharmaceutical formulations of a hydrophobic active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of low water solubility but readily dissolved in alcohols and methods for making same. The formulations can be administered by infiltration into an incision, or by injection.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for combining a first Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and a second OCR. The first OCR is run first on an image of string of characters. Its output (first identified characters, positions of the characters and likelihood parameters of the characters) is used to generate a first graph. Segmentation points related to the positions of the first identified characters are used as input by the second OCR performing a combined segmentation and classification on the image of string of characters. The output (second identified characters, positions of the characters and likelihood parameters of the characters) of the second OCR is used to update the first graph to generate a second graph that combines the output of the first OCR with the output of the second OCR. Decision models are then used to modify the weights of paths in the second graph to generate a third graph.

Abstract: Described herein are compositions comprising a prostaglandin FP receptor agonist (PFPRA) compound and a fatty acid, e.g., oleic acid, that, when topically applied to the skin, locally delivers a therapeutically effective amount of the PFPRA compound or active metabolite thereof to subcutaneous fat under the skin. The therapeutic effect is, for example, reduction of the subcutaneous fat under the skin. Further provided are methods of reducing body fat in a subject comprising topically administering the composition to the subject. The present invention also provides kits comprising the composition and instructions for use.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for generating CD8+ T cells having the ability to recognize cancer cells expressing a HER2/neu polypeptide. For example, methods and materials for using a polypeptide consisting of an SLAFLPESFD amino acid sequence in vivo or in vitro to generate CD8+ T cells having the ability to recognize and lyse cancer cells expressing a HER2/neu polypeptide are provided.

Abstract: A method, product by process, and composition for aiding in pain relief. The user adds hot water to methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), then stirs the resulting mixture until the MSM is dissolved. The user then adds room temperature water, bromelain, aloe vera juice, and papain to the batch, and continues to stir. Coconut oil and palm kernel oil are stirred in, along with a sweet oil mixture. The sweet oil mixture is a mixture of natural, unconcentrated, oils such as lemon oil, sweet orange oil, arnica, sweet almond oil, peppermint oil, grape seed oil, comfrey oil, eucalyptus oil, grapefruit seed extract, and fragrance oils such as mango and kiwi. Finally, xanthan gum is stirred into the mixture, resulting in a batch of desired composition, which can be used topically for pain relief.

Abstract: The present subject matter relates to light-activatable polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) for the transportation and release of an active substance, methods for obtain said particles and their uses. A light-activatable nanoparticle for the transportation and release of an active substance, comprising a polycation preferably a polimer polycation, a polyanion and a light-sensitive photochrome attached to the polycation or the polyanion, wherein said photochrome is hydrophobic and suitable to photo-cleave when activated by an irradiation source, generating a negative charge and releasing the active substance. Light-activatable. The disclosure subject matter shows that NPs are a highly efficient drug delivery system to primary leukemic cells based on opto-nanomedicine system. Therefore, the present disclosure is useful for remote control in the release of biomolecules with spatio-temporal resolution with applications in the areas of general therapeutic and regenerative medicine applications.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition derived from Chinese herbal medicines, medicinal plants and extracts thereof, and to its use for preventing cancer and treating cancer and intensifying the effects of other anticancer drugs. More specifically, the composition of the present invention is derived from various Chinese herbal medicines or medicinal plants which have a long history of human consumption. The composition of the invention is obtained through specific techniques and has revealed good cytotoxicities on Malignant Melanoma Cells, Prostate Cancer Cells and Colon Cancer Cells, Lung Cancer Cells, Stomach Cancer Cells, Breast Cancer Cells and Liver Cancer Cells. The composition of the invention has also revealed obvious intensifying the effects of other anticancer drugs. Cancer presents special problems to the medical community which the present invention address.

Abstract: Focused ultrasonic acoustic processing is used to prepare formulations particles ranging between approximately 10 nm and approximately 50 microns (e.g., between 1 micron and 20 microns), or between approximately 10 nm approximately 400 nm (e.g., between 10 nm and 100 nm). Formulations (e.g., nanoformulations) may include a suspension (e.g., nanosuspension), an emulsion (e.g., nanoemulsion) or another small particle system. Formulations may be used as delivery systems for therapeutic agents, e.g., a formulation may include a bioactive agent and a carrier compound such as a surfactant that encapsulates the bioactive agent.

Abstract: A compound can destabilize an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein and a sodium/glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT 1) protein. In one embodiment, the compound is a peptide derived from the interacting domain of EGFR. In another embodiment, the peptide is administered to a patient to treat cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to inhibitors of Nox1-dependent reactive oxygen species production and their use in the treatment of disorders associated with reactive oxygen species, such as hypertension and cancer.

Abstract: The present invention features methods of delivering corticosteroids or metabolites thereof for treating inflammatory conditions otherwise difficult to cure with topical administration.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for production of concentrates of water-soluble active agents, wherein, in a waterless method using solid active agents as starting materials, the crystals of an active agent are uniformly distributed in a first organic solvent to which a dispersing agent is added, the viscosity of the solution thus obtained is adjusted as applicable by a suitable auxiliary agent, a polymer creator is added to the solution thus obtained, in a second organic solvent as applicable, wherein the viscosity of either the solution to be added or the solution to be obtained is adjusted by the addition of a suitable auxiliary agent, and a crosslinking agent having at least two functional groups in a third organic solvent is given to the obtained solution, wherein the viscosity of either the added or obtained solution is in turn adjusted by the addition of a suitable auxiliary agent and the polymer creator is selected from the group comprising low-viscosity polymethylene-polyphenylisocyanate, preferabl

Abstract: Provided are iron oxide nanocapsules for an MRI contrast agent having high contrast, in which a plurality of iron oxide nanoparticles having a hydrophobic ligand attached thereto are encapsulated in an encapsulation material including a biodegradable polymer and a surfactant, and which satisfy Relations 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 below. Also a method of manufacturing the iron oxide nanocapsules is provided. 5?100*D?(IO)/C?(IO)??[Relation 1] 2.5?100*D?(Cap)/C?(Cap)??[Relation 2] 0.

Abstract: The present invention provides liposome compositions containing sparingly soluble drugs that are used to treat life-threatening diseases. A preferred method of encapsulating a drug inside a liposome is by remote or active loading. Remote loading of a drug into liposomes containing a transmembrane electrochemical gradient is initiated by co-mixing a liposome suspension with a solution of drug, whereby the neutral form of the compound freely enters the liposome and becomes electrostatically charged thereby preventing the reverse transfer out of the liposome. There is a continuous build-up of compound within the liposome interior until the electrochemical gradient is dissipated or all the drug is encapsulated in the liposome. However, this process as described in the literature has been limited to drugs that are freely soluble in aqueous solution or solubilized as a water-soluble complex. This invention describes compositions and methods for remote loading drugs with low water solubility (<2 mg/mL).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for preparing enzyme-immobilized beads used for preparation of tagatose, and a method for preparing enzyme-immobilized beads using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to an apparatus for preparing enzyme-immobilized beads, comprising a nozzle with an inside diameter of 0.1-1 mm having a cylindrical lower end and comprising a cut-type liquid outlet (cut perpendicularly to the vertical axis of the nozzle) formed at the lower end, and a method for preparing enzyme-immobilized beads using the same.

Abstract: A long-lasting, controlled-release local anesthetic liposome preparation is produced by: providing a liposome composition, which is obtained by mixing, in a water-miscible organic solvent, a first aqueous phase solution with a water-miscible organic solution, in which a phospholipid and cholesterol are contained at a defined total concentration, at a defined ratio by volume thereby obtaining an emulsion wherein a total concentration of the phospholipid and cholesterol in the mixed phase is at 15 w/v % to 50 w/v %, followed by subjecting the emulsion to external solution exchange with a second aqueous phase solution to obtain a liposome composition wherein an ion gradient is formed between an internal-region aqueous phase of a liposome membrane made of the first aqueous phase solution and an external-region aqueous phase of the liposome membrane made of the second aqueous phase solution; and encapsulating a local anesthetic in the internal-region aqueous phase according to a remote loading method.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing an object by sequentially forming thin layers of a construction material one on top of the other responsive to data defining the object, the apparatus comprising: a plurality of printing heads each having a surface formed with a plurality of output orifices and controllable to dispense the construction material through each orifice independently of the other orifices; a shuttle to which the printing heads are mounted; a support surface; and a controller adapted to control the shuttle to move back and forth over the support surface and as the shuttle moves to control the printing heads to dispense the construction material through each of their respective orifices responsive to the data to form a first layer on the support surface and thereafter, sequentially the other layers; wherein each printing head is dismountable from the shuttle and replaceable independently of the other printing heads.

Abstract: The invention provides combinations comprising a) compound of formula I: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein R1, R2, R5, R10, and A have any of the values defined in the specification; and b) one or more agents selected from 5-FU, a platinum agent, leucovorin, irinotecan, docetaxel, doxorubicin, gemcitabine, SN-38, capecitabine, temozolomide, paclitaxel, bevacizumab, pertuzumab, tamoxifen, rapamycin and lapatinib. The combinations are particularly useful for treating hyperproliferative disorders, such as cancer.

Abstract: A method of providing a longer lasting fragrance and a kit for delivering a longer lasting fragrance by dispensing microcapsules and a volatile solvent is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a process for preparing liposomes, lipid discs, and other lipid nanoparticles using a multi-port manifold, wherein the lipid solution stream, containing an organic solvent, is mixed with two or more streams of aqueous solution (e.g., buffer). In some aspects, at least some of the streams of the lipid and aqueous solutions are not directly opposite of each other. Thus, the process does not require dilution of the organic solvent as an additional step. In some embodiments, one of the solutions may also contain an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). This invention provides a robust process of liposome manufacturing with different lipid formulations and different payloads. Particle size, morphology, and the manufacturing scale can be controlled by altering the port size and number of the manifold ports, and by selecting the flow rate or flow velocity of the lipid and aqueous solutions.

Abstract: A quad-centric nozzle and system for hydrocapsule encapsulation is disclosed. In at least one embodiment, a quad-centric nozzle is disclosed for encapsulating discrete droplets of liquid by generating a continuous coating or layer of a polymerizable liquid which is substantially immiscible with the core liquid. In at least one embodiment, the quad-centric nozzle includes: a material feed port assembly, a polymer feed port assembly, a first water feed port assembly, a second water feed port assembly and an encapsulated material exit port assembly. In at least one embodiment, the quad-centric nozzle is configured for use in a system for hydrocapsule encapsulation having a pressure control system, a water control system and sparging column, and an ultraviolet exposure chamber system.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to preserve the morphology of bicelles in high-water-content environments. For this purpose, the invention relates to a liposome comprising, in its internal aqueous medium, at least one bicelle. The bicelles concentration in said aqueous means is between 5 and 25% dry weight in relation to the end liposome. The invention also relates to the use of said liposomes for the encapsulation of active principles, as well as to the use thereof as a medicament or to produce a cosmetic product. The invention further relates to the method for obtaining said liposomes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a drug delivery vehicle comprising a polydiacetylene liposome, wherein a lipid bilayer is formed by a mixture of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), and N-palmitoyl homocysteine (PHC), and a drug to be delivered is encapsulated in an isolated inner space of a polydiacetylene liposome. The PDA liposome drug delivery vehicle of the present invention comprises a lipid layer formed by mixing different phospholipids, excluding polydiacetylene, so as to be stable, and thus any leakage problems of an encapsulated drug are eliminated. In addition, since the liposome is sensitive to a pH, the shape and size thereof can be readily changed through the formation of a liposome-liposome conjugate by the improved sensitivity of the drug delivery vehicle under a specific acidic requirement, thereby enabling selective drug release, and thus can be applied as a drug delivery vehicle for various target materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved process for lipid nanoparticle formulation and mRNA encapsulation. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a process of encapsulating messenger RNA (mRNA) in lipid nanoparticles comprising a step of mixing a mRNA solution and a lipid solution, wherein the mRNA solution and/or the lipid solution are at a pre-determined temperature greater than ambient temperature.

Abstract: A structured surfactant system with a very high degree of clarity. The system comprises water and a mixture of at least one surfactant having a HLB (Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance) value of less than 10, and at least one surfactant having an HLB value of 10 or greater. The structured surfactant system forms multilamellar vesicles and has suspending properties without added electrolytes, carbohydrates, or polymeric thickeners. This makes the structured surfactant system particularly useful in personal care compositions.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for producing hydrogel capsules enveloped with at least one coating layer is disclosed. The coating formulations deposited on the surface of the capsules can improve the physical integrity and the water-retention properties of the alginate beads. The coating formulations can be sequentially applied in various combinations to obtain desirable properties, such as improved physical integrity, mechanical strength, and low permeability, that can extend the shelf-life of the capsules when incorporated into various consumer products.

Abstract: A protease resistant polypeptide includes an amino acid sequence that has a sequence identity at least 80% homologous to about 10 to 80 consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO:1.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preventing or treating hair loss or promoting hair growth, comprising secoiridoid glucoside derivatives or hydrolysate thereof as active ingredients. The present invention not only includes natural compounds as an active ingredient without side effects of the long-term treatment in a chronic disease hair loss, but also shows excellent effects for promoting hair growth with stable efficacy. Therefore, the present invention may be used as an effective pharmaceutical, cosmetic or functional food composition for preventing or treating hair loss or promoting hair growth.

Abstract: The invention provides a combination of an isolated peptide or peptidomimetic that includes the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a homolog thereof, and an isolated peptide or peptidomimetic that includes the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. The invention also provides a method of treating a BCR-ABL associated disease or a c-ABL associated disease in a subject. The method is based on the use of the aforementioned combination of one or more isolated peptides or peptidomimetics.

Abstract: A sustained release microsphere formulation with a high drug load may be formed by a continuous oil-in-water emulsion process by combining an organic dispersed phase with an aqueous continuous phase. The dispersed phase may include an encapsulating polymer, a primary solvent, such as dichloromethane, a pharmaceutically effective amount of an active agent having a solubility relative to the dispersed phase, and a co-solvent, such as benzyl alcohol, which is capable of increasing the solubility of the active agent relative to the dispersed phase. The continuous phase may include an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol and water.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aqueous tumor-targeting liposome nanoparticle composition comprising an aqueous dispersion of liposome nanoparticles. The nanoparticles preferably encapsulate an anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agent, which can be added to a pre-formed liposome composition or can be incorporated in the liposomes during the formation of the liposomes. The liposome nanoparticles comprise a legumain-targeting lipid admixed with one or more other micelle or vesicle-forming lipid materials in the form of nanoparticulate liposomes dispersed in an aqueous carrier. A preferred tumor-targeting liposome nanoparticle composition comprises (a) a legumain-targeting lipid component, (b) a zwitterionic lipid component; (c) an amino-substituted lipid component; (d) a neutral lipid component; and (e) polyethylene glycol-conjugated lipid component. The legumain-targeting lipid component comprising a hydrophobic lipid portion covalenetly attached to a legumain-binding moiety.