Judicial, Legislative, Or Election Process Patents (Class 273/257)
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Patent number: 10561929Abstract: The present invention provides a game that enhances communication skills. The game provides a series of fun communication challenges utilizing detailed pictures and objects to challenge the descriptive abilities of players and/or teams. It includes processes which reward players according to how well puzzles are answered/solved. The game/system positions players where they must rely solely upon verbal-only explanations/instructions from team members to solve puzzles. It also includes a unique scoring system to accurately score puzzles after each challenge.Type: GrantFiled: December 7, 2016Date of Patent: February 18, 2020Inventor: Preston Allen White, Sr.
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Publication number: 20140361486Abstract: Described is a United States presidential election campaign board game. The board game includes a game board on which a map of the United States is drawn, wherein the map shows the boundaries between the different states. The game board includes an election headquarters space that is centrally located on the map and which provides the starting space for the game. Players take turns rolling a die that determines the number of spaces players can move along any of a plurality of player paths towards several campaign centers. Players start the game with a predetermined amount of money and raise and spend campaign funds throughout the game in order to gain the highest number of electoral votes. Campaign funds can be used to win electoral votes at each campaign center, and players can gain electoral votes by rolling a die or by drawing from a deck of game cards.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 10, 2014Publication date: December 11, 2014Inventor: Raymond Foss
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Publication number: 20140151961Abstract: A patent strategy game includes a plurality of industrial sector spaces defined by one or more technology sector spaces comprising one or two industrial sector spaces. A plurality of product markers are placed on technology spaces during play of the game. Intellectual property markers obtained on predetermined conditions are placed on the technology spaces to create intellectual property rights on the technology spaces. A resolution mechanism is provided for resolving intellectual property right disputes between players arising from a movement of product markers into a technology space having intellectual property rights of another player. The player at the end of the game whose market value from all product markers and intellectual property markers on the game board is the greatest is the winner of the game.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 2, 2013Publication date: June 5, 2014Inventors: Paul R. Juhasz, Christopher Jon Frerking
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Patent number: 8727849Abstract: A board game includes a plurality of game pieces, a plurality of reward cards, and a game board, where the game board includes a travel path on the game board, said travel path including a plurality of instruction spaces, a plurality of hidden cache spaces, and a plurality of open cache spaces, where one of said plurality of hidden cache spaces and one of said plurality of open cache spaces are associated with one of said plurality of game pieces, and at least one instruction space includes directions to add one of said plurality of reward cards to one of said plurality of open cache spaces that is associated with one of said plurality of game pieces.Type: GrantFiled: October 9, 2012Date of Patent: May 20, 2014Assignee: Enviroquest Ltd.Inventor: Sherrene D. Kevan
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Patent number: 8313102Abstract: A board game apparatus and method for entertaining people by supporting unlimited numbers of participation. Players chose a political party then proceed by rolling dice to navigate the quadruple arch-shaped, color-coded, time-stamped, spaces on the game board. The spaces direct players to a plurality of cards explaining presidential decisions to be made after which players refer to one or more of three devices. Device one is reference material provided to aid players in developing confidence, leadership and public speaking skills. Device two calculates the impact on the Federal Budget and determines how many of player's proposed bills are passed through congress. Device three assist in a majority-minority voting technique to achieve impact on Approval Rating scores which feeds into players goal of acquiring the highest score. Players showcase their personal knowledge of politics and people skills to sway voter opinions.Type: GrantFiled: June 16, 2009Date of Patent: November 20, 2012Inventor: Yolanda Gail Thornton
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Publication number: 20090267299Abstract: Game method and apparatus for racing to the white house by accumulating electoral votes until a winner number is attained, or the election is deadlocked The game is played by moving pieces along a path containing positions each representing the electoral votes of a state.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 20, 2009Publication date: October 29, 2009Inventor: David Reno
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Patent number: 7575238Abstract: A senate card game having a plurality of senate cards. The plurality of senate cards may be at least one of Senator cards, a President card, and a Vice President card. The Senator cards are configured to flip over to show a value of each card determined by value factors including at least one of office, class, year, electoral count and combinations thereof, wherein a card of greater value wins a card of lesser value. Play of the game may continue for a predetermined amount of time wherein cards are flipped and won dependent upon the value of each card flipped. The player with the greatest number of cards may then proceed to win and submit a bill. The winner may also be determined by whether a submitted bill is passed or overridden. Play of the game may also include parliamentary strategies to gain particular advantages throughout the game.Type: GrantFiled: September 13, 2006Date of Patent: August 18, 2009Inventors: Jackson R. Miller, Mary M. Miller
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Patent number: 7520508Abstract: A game includes a board displaying a map showing cartographic outlines of the U.S. states, and optionally each state's capital. The game includes at least one deck of cards including a respective card for each state shown on the game board. Geography playing cards include an image and/or identifying text for each state. Electoral college playing cards are similar but further include text identifying each state's number of electoral college votes, and optionally, capital. The game may further include a state capital overlay obscuring or providing state capital names, and/or a historical map overlay for showing as available only the states of the union in an associated election year. Historical playing cards, similar to the electoral college or geography playing cards, corresponding to each historical map overlay may also be provided. A workbook including stimulating topical questions may also be provided.Type: GrantFiled: August 18, 2006Date of Patent: April 21, 2009Assignee: Bright Red Ideas, LLCInventor: Cathy Redd
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Publication number: 20090020948Abstract: A board game for at least two players that permits players to garner political support from the voting public, create political parties and vie for control of a democratic government, wherein play of the board game includes generating a random number using the random number generator, moving a token a number of spaces around the board corresponding with the random number and acquiring control of a political base space, and to win, a player either forms a political party having a leader which progresses in the leadership race area to lead the government, or is the only player having member currency.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 23, 2008Publication date: January 22, 2009Inventor: Orlando David Garcia
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Publication number: 20080084028Abstract: Apparatus for playing a board game Marriage License based upon possible legal and business activities and possible experiences of selected legal remedies. Spaces are provided on the board for the movement of player's pieces representing each person with the number of spaces moved determined by a throw of a die, subject, however, to a specific instructions affecting the movements of game as determined by instructions on the spaces on the board. A set of cards are provided for real life text for the board game, with each card providing either rules or statues as information or so called web tiles, presented by scale or gavel on each card, concerning the partner's relationship. With the person of that character and on the basis thereof, the acquired card has a numerical value written on the card.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 10, 2006Publication date: April 10, 2008Inventor: Eugene Okos
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Patent number: 7314217Abstract: A political campaign game board has a play surface including a map of the United States with each state having indicia indicating the number of electoral votes assigned to each state, a plurality of spaces forming a play path that surrounds the map, a location for campaign headquarters, and a location for a campaign workers pool. The play path includes a plurality of non-state spaces and 50 state spaces each including the name of each state and the number of electoral votes assigned to each state. Distinct play markers, which represent a respective player's candidate to be moved along the play path spaces. Campaign office devices associated with each distinct play marker correspond to campaign offices to be placed on the map during play. Shaped campaign worker elements may be removably attached to each campaign office device wherein each element represents a campaign worker during play. Campaign headquarter cards, dice, and money are included for play.Type: GrantFiled: September 14, 2005Date of Patent: January 1, 2008Inventor: William S. Dick
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Patent number: 6805351Abstract: An educational, legal based game and method for players, has a board with spaces on which the players land. The spaces instruct players to bring a simulated lawsuit or to act as a result of a simulated circumstance associated with the legal profession. A fund of play money is provided and a random generator determines the number spaces the players will move. Lawsuit cards are part of the game, each having a fact pattern and a positive or negative monetary result. At a player's option, an appeal card can be selected but then the player must comply with the monetary result which may be higher or lower on the appeal card. A player landing on one of the other type of spaces acts in accordance with the simulated circumstance of that space.Type: GrantFiled: November 21, 2002Date of Patent: October 19, 2004Inventor: Tina Rae Eskreis Nelson
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Publication number: 20040169333Abstract: A new, unique type of Electoral College Board Game, that can be played by two to four players, designed to educate players as to the complexities involved in the electoral college system. The game board is divided into quadrants and home territories, and players compete to control electoral votes for a state. The object of the game is to accumulate enough electoral votes to win the election, or if a player realizes that no participant will be able to accumulate enough votes, then to win the greatest number of states regardless of the electoral vote of the state. This game is unique in the way it helps educate about the disparate relationship between popular votes and electoral votes when compared by state. The game helps educate about the “winner take all” concept of electoral voting, and provides entertainment, while allowing players to use their mathematical skills and analytical abilities.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 10, 2004Publication date: September 2, 2004Inventors: Steven Alan Wolkis, Philip Wolkis, Edward Martin Wolkis
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Publication number: 20040100023Abstract: An educational, legal based game and method for players, has a board with spaces on which the players land. The spaces instruct players to bring a simulated lawsuit or to act as a result of a simulated circumstance associated with the legal profession. A fund of play money is provided and a random generator determines the number spaces the players will move. Lawsuit cards are part of the game, each having a fact pattern and a positive or negative monetary result. At a player's option, an appeal card can be selected but then the player must comply with the monetary result which may be higher or lower on the appeal card. A player landing on one of the other type of spaces acts in accordance with the simulated circumstance of that space.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 21, 2002Publication date: May 27, 2004Inventor: Tina Rae Eskreis Nelson
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Publication number: 20040065998Abstract: A board game has a board divided into different areas representing legal disciplines of law. Game rules, pieces and cards are provided. A spinning gavel pivotally connect to the game board is used to determine the legal discipline for the game. The hierarchy of the players is determined by rolling a die. There is a plurality of game cards for each area of the board with scenarios relating to the legal discipline for the area of said board. The areas of the board ay be colored with game cards color coded to match the particular area of law.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 19, 2003Publication date: April 8, 2004Inventor: Gwendolyn Maxine(Cook) Jones
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Patent number: 6634642Abstract: An immigration board game and method for playing it where the players live through the difficulties typically associated with immigrants as they adjust to the American way of life and seek the American dream. The game is played on a board with a predetermined number of contiguously disposed spaces over which each player's token advances. Initially, each player is assigned a unique legal status through aleatory means. Each space is associated with instructions providing for penalties and awards. Additionally, some of these spaces direct the players to one or more sets of cards with additional awards and non-pecuniary penalties directed to affect the legal status of the player. Choices are given throughout the game for the players to choose sets with or without pecuniary rewards depending on whether the player wants to take his/her chances with immediate economic rewards or improvements in his/her legal status.Type: GrantFiled: January 11, 2002Date of Patent: October 21, 2003Assignee: Teivy Development Corp.Inventor: Teresa de Jesus Leon
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Patent number: 6572110Abstract: A game for simulating possible experiences of a player using drugs or alcohol is disclosed. The game includes a fast path having a plurality of playing spaces and a slow path parallel to the fast path and having a plurality of spaces. There are at least two slow path spaces corresponding to one fast path playing space. The game also includes a fast game piece for movement along the fast path and a slow game piece for movement along the slow path. A chance piece is used for determining the movement of either the fast game piece or slow game piece along either the fast path or slow path. At least one of the playing spaces is a chance playing space and provides a chance for the player to move from the fast path to the slow path and from using the fast game piece to the slow game piece.Type: GrantFiled: June 10, 2002Date of Patent: June 3, 2003Inventor: Mark S. Knott
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Publication number: 20030034607Abstract: Election Strategy is a board game for two players, representing the Race for the White House. It starts as a game of chance, due to the wagering system, which uses mixed dice, one Red and one Black. The Red is Minus and the Black is Plus, which allows the player that gets a Plus number to move one of his pieces forward or sideways, and forces the player who gets a Minus number to move one of his figures back. But the game is not solely influenced by chance, since each player may move any piece he wants after tossing the dice. The players represent two parties, the “R” Party and the “D” Party. Each party has four figures, as follows: (P) the Candidate for President, (V) the Candidate for Vice President, (C) the Campaign Manager, and (S) the Campaign Scout. The board measures 11 inches by 17 inches, divided into 1 sq.in. spaces. At the two ends of the board spaces are shown for Party Headquarters, Electoral College, and White House. The Field of Action is 165 square inches.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 13, 2001Publication date: February 20, 2003Inventor: Maria Teresa Portela
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Patent number: 6416055Abstract: A board game and method for teaching negotiation, advocacy and judicial decision-making skills to players, in which a board is providing having spaces upon which players may randomly, sequentially land. One of the players is determined at the outset to be the judge. The remaining players move about the board. The spaces conform to a plurality of categories, and pre-mixed questions, typically contained on cards, are sequentially read each time someone lands upon the space conforming to that category. The player who lands must answer the question; the other players must determine whether to object. Where an objection occurs, the players are placed in a debaters box, for a debating period. During that period, as determined by the judge, the players debate the issue and the judge, who provides full judicial making authority for the game, determines the protocol and the outcome of the debate. Where the outcome is a success to the objecting player, a letter is forfeited by the non-objecting player to him.Type: GrantFiled: July 6, 2000Date of Patent: July 9, 2002Inventor: Kenneth Shaw, Sr.
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Patent number: 6302397Abstract: An election box card game, method for playing the same and teacher's aid are described. The game includes a number of numerical value cards which indicate different numbers of votes and special cards providing for the exchange of cards, false vote cards of no value and one or more game ending cards. A set of rules provides for dealing a number of cards for each player, forming a draw pile, drawing and discarding cards, exchanging cards and playing a game ending card.Type: GrantFiled: September 18, 2000Date of Patent: October 16, 2001Inventor: Mohammad A. A. R. Al-Shanfa
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Patent number: 5660390Abstract: A game apparatus simulating the Presidential Electoral campaign which includes a game board that comprises special paths serving for the movement of the players' tokens. These paths represent a simplified scheme of the U.S. interstate highways and airlines drawn on the background of a U.S. map. The main nodal points of these paths are the capitals of the States with a denoted number of votes for the Electoral College of a given State. These nodes stand for steps along the way to the players' goal of attaining the maximum number of votes which represents a majority in the Electoral College. All the remaining nodes of the paths serve for the players to demonstrate their skills to compete utilizing the proper strategy as well as to manifest the players' knowledge of American history, the U.S. Constitution and historical facts relating to the Presidency. The movement of players' tokens is realized by means of 3 dice that simulate candidates' transportation by car, train or airplane.Type: GrantFiled: January 5, 1995Date of Patent: August 26, 1997Inventors: Eric J. Ginzburg, Eugenia Ginzburg
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Patent number: 5190293Abstract: A game apparatus includes a game board formed with a perimeter of spaces to include a central space having a puzzle configuration representative of a United States map, with each of the states interfitting relative to the puzzle. Individual players are directed about the game board path, and upon landing of various spaces are directed to elect various mayoral representative figures for each state, with each state being provided with a predetermined number of mayoral representatives. A player with a greatest number of mayoral representatives in a certain state is directed to effect control of the election of governor and subsequently, control of the state's electoral votes for subsequent voting of a president, with each player representing a different political party. Dice members and a dice member agitation device is arranged for use by the invention.Type: GrantFiled: March 26, 1992Date of Patent: March 2, 1993Inventor: Flavio M. Cabrera
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Patent number: 5137279Abstract: The board game of the present invention is a political candidate campaign board game, wherein the object of the game is to obtain score points in the form of votes. There are two playing surfaces and two distinctive playing pieces are assigned to each player. One playing surface is a path portion with indicia containing political questions and the second surface is a geographic portion with indicia containing electoral votes required to win a particular geographic region. The board game may further include three sets of cards: "Ad Cards", "Consultant Cards" and "Theme Cards". The set of "Ad Cards" contain "Attack Cards" and "Rebuttal Cards" to be used in conjuction with answers players may give to the indicia containing political questions on the path portion.Type: GrantFiled: February 13, 1991Date of Patent: August 11, 1992Assignee: Campaign Headquarters, Inc.Inventors: Daniel L. Murphy, Paula N. Chavez
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Patent number: 4923198Abstract: A board game requiring some knowledge of geographical, historical, political, sociological and/or related facts for the successful player is disclosed. The game comprises a game board which includes a map of the United States or other geopolitical area, spaces for question and answer cards, an inner and an outer border, and state markers which conceal the names of the states on the map when installed. Play is started on the outer border, which contains representations of each of the states or other areas contained on the map. Players may choose a given state or area, correctly identify the state or area, and transfer the marker from the main map to the corresponding state or area of the outer border, thereby uncovering the name and confirming their actions. After a maximum of five plays per player on the outer border, players move to the inner border where movement is determined by the tossing of dice.Type: GrantFiled: June 12, 1989Date of Patent: May 8, 1990Inventor: Francisco J. Diaz
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Patent number: 4865327Abstract: A board game in which players attempt to become President of the United States by accumulating the required amount of electoral votes. Each player has a first game piece to be used in one or more "non-special" sections and a second game piece to be used in a single "special" section. Within the non-special sections are space indicators which direct the one piece to various areas exclusively within the non-special section or sections. A few of the space indicators within the non-special sections indicate when the second playing piece is to be used exclusively within the special section. Within the special section are also space indicators which indicate various moves to be taken by the first playing piece positioned in the non-special sections. Also within the special section are space indicators which are for the accumulation of electoral votes or the accumulation of monetary value chips.Type: GrantFiled: December 22, 1987Date of Patent: September 12, 1989Inventor: Kuo-Yi Wang
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Patent number: 4709926Abstract: A political campaign game is disclosed herein which is particularly adapted to simulate the conditions of an actual presidential campaign and includes a game board having playing zones which include a first group of popular vote obtaining zones and a second group of political occurrence zones. Each zone of the first group has the name of various voting areas selected from the fifty states and the District of Columbia. Some of the zones within the first group contain the name of a voting area that is also contained in other zones within the first group. The second group of zones instruct the player to draw either a political deal, speech or event card. A player score means having a score registering means is also included to accurately record the total number of popular votes received in each state.Type: GrantFiled: May 15, 1986Date of Patent: December 1, 1987Inventor: Leo C. DiEgidio
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Patent number: 4706960Abstract: A combined card and board game consisting of over 205 fields of law, legal categories, including legal lexicon, legal terminology and legal processes involving quetions and/or statements and responses. The game includes a board which consists of four pluralities of spaces with indicia which relate to indicia on the cards and spinner and represent legalcategories of law utilizing the alphabet and numerals, a plurality of sets of cards consisting of legal knowledge and information, a rectangular card box, a spinner and gamepieces. The game board is comprised of marked spaces and pathways whereby players move gamepieces in attempt to advance to the winner's/Dean's circle by correct response at his respective turn according to applicants' game rules. The game simulates graduation from law school, receiving an L.L.M., and/or passing the bar and provides an educational, entertaining, teaching, testing and competitive game of chance and legal knowledge.Type: GrantFiled: November 18, 1985Date of Patent: November 17, 1987Inventors: Robert S. Nowacki, K. Kristine Nowacki
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Patent number: 4682778Abstract: The game disclosed has a board showing a voting area marked House of Representatives, a voting area marked Senate, a vice-president's voting booth located inside the Senate, and a president's voting booth located between and separate from the House of Representatives and the Senate. Inside both the House of Representatives and the Senate voting areas are eight industry voting booths where players (representing industries) try to accumulate more and more voting chips. An area numbered 2 thru 12 on the game board specifies what is done when each player's turn comes and two regular dice are rolled as a means of chance. Election cards allow players to win voting chips in the House of Representatives, the Senate, the vice-presidency, and the presidency. Politics cards give players a variety of political advantages. Legislation cards target different game industries (players) for potential financial gains or losses, dependent upon votes taken in Congress.Type: GrantFiled: March 13, 1986Date of Patent: July 28, 1987Inventors: Wayne H. Willis, Keith M. Willis
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Patent number: 4643429Abstract: The present invention provides an educational game for two or more players which is designed to both entertain and educate the players regarding the electoral process of the president of the United States. The game has a game board depicting the map of the United States with the states and the electoral votes assigned to that state indicated on the map. Furthermore, the map is divided into a plurality of different regions wherein each region includes a plurality of contiguous states. A game piece is associated with each player which the player moves between states in dependence on the outcome of a chance device, such as a roll of dice. Upon landing on a given space, the player, by correctly answering a governmental question from a question card, is assigned that number of electoral votes for that particular state. The first player to accumulate more than one-half of the electoral votes and thereafter return to Washington, D.C. and correctly answers a final question, wins the game.Type: GrantFiled: May 13, 1985Date of Patent: February 17, 1987Inventors: Peter D. Crandon, Melody A. Crandon, William B. Holman, John P. Holman
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Patent number: 4625970Abstract: A political game is disclosed having a square or rectangular game board containing a plurality of spaces which are unfavorable, favorable or neutral; a set of three different playing pieces of the same color for each player; a set of drawing cards of one color which either assist or hinder the players' pursuit of higher political office ranging from candidate through governor and senator and culminating in the presidency; a set of hindering drawing cards of a contrasting color; a set of debate cards challenging the players' knowledge of American political history; paper play money; a pair of dice; a plurality of vote tokens, worth different numbers of votes and a set of rules and regulations governing play.Type: GrantFiled: June 3, 1985Date of Patent: December 2, 1986Inventors: Charles F. Childs, Linda M. O. Childs
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Patent number: 4299390Abstract: A political game is disclosed which includes a game board having a plurality of playing spaces providing a play path for the players. The spaces include a first group which correspond to political subdivisions and a second group which provide play instructions. Each player selects a distinctive play piece for movement along the spaces in accordance with the number displayed on a random chance selection device such as a pair of dice. A plurality of distinctive campaign promise markers, respectively representing different types of political promises are adapted to be selected by the players and placed in political subdivision spaces upon which they land. A campaign promise scoring value chart is provided including indicia assigning a maximum and minimum percentage of the vote value for each campaign promise in a particular political subdivision. The player accumulating the largest percentage of the vote in a particular political subdivision wins it.Type: GrantFiled: October 15, 1979Date of Patent: November 10, 1981Assignee: Raul DelgadoInventor: Raul J. Delgado
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Patent number: 4280703Abstract: A game for play by two persons which includes a three-colored game board divided into squares wherein three-dimensional play is involved. Combinations of chess and checker moves are employed for the game pieces.Type: GrantFiled: September 27, 1979Date of Patent: July 28, 1981Inventor: Keith W. Slone
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Patent number: 4216967Abstract: A presidential election game in which the fifty states and the District of Columbia are divided into color coordinated zones. The game board has a score tabulation on each state playing space which records the amount of popular votes each player has received in each state. The game board also has a score tabulation for each player to record the changing number of electoral college votes that each player has accumulated until a winner is elected and becomes the President of The United States of America.Type: GrantFiled: May 25, 1978Date of Patent: August 12, 1980Inventor: Salvador Marse
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Patent number: 4210336Abstract: A game apparatus including a game board and game pieces designed for two players is disclosed. The game board has a circular playing area comprising a plurality of zigzag game paths, each of which begins at the edge of the circle and terminates at the center. Individual game pieces are positioned around the circumference of the game board on the individual zigzag paths and also at the center of the circle on the game path terminus. The game pieces are moved, each on its own individual path, according to a set of rules governing each game piece. Rules are provided for "jumping" each other and "removing" opponent's pieces. The game paths sometimes intersect each other and sometimes lie alongside each other and the object of the game is achieved when the first game piece successfully traverses its pathway to the center. Further interest in the game is provided by the second set of game pieces located at the center circle and whose purpose is to "guard" the circle center.Type: GrantFiled: September 11, 1978Date of Patent: July 1, 1980Inventor: Violetta Williamson
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Patent number: 4118036Abstract: A presidential election game in which the fifty states and the District of Columbia are divided into color coordinated zones with a magnetized score device for each player to record the changing number of popular and/or electoral college votes that each player has accumulated until a winner is elected and becomes the President of The United States of America.Type: GrantFiled: April 20, 1977Date of Patent: October 3, 1978Inventor: Salvador Marse
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Patent number: 4092028Abstract: A presidential election game in which the fifty states including the District of Columbia are divided into color coordinated zones with magnetized score means for each player to record the changing number of popular and/or electoral college votes he or she has accumulated until a winner is obtained.Type: GrantFiled: January 5, 1977Date of Patent: May 30, 1978Inventor: Salvadore Marse
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Patent number: 4068848Abstract: Apparatus for playing an adult game based upon possible legal and business activities and possible experiences of selected professional type persons. Spaces are provided on a board for the movement of symbolic elements representing each professional person with the number of spaces moved determined by chance, subject, however, to specific instructions affecting the movement of the symbolic elements as determined by instructions on the spaces on the board. A stack of cards is provided for each professional space on the second board, with each card providing either good or bad information concerning a client's relationship with the person of that profession and on the basis thereof, if the card information is good, indicating the amount of money to be paid by the client to the professional person; or, if bad, a basis for a malpractice suit and the formula for a possible monetary recovery against the professional person through suit or arbitration of the matter.Type: GrantFiled: January 26, 1976Date of Patent: January 17, 1978Inventors: Allan S. Lichtman, Rosemary R. Lichtman