Abstract: A multiple-firing clip device includes a hollow shaft defining a lateral opening communicating with an environment and a distal shaft portion between the lateral opening and a distal end opening. A shuttle longitudinally moves on the shaft and comprises a shuttle body defining a lumen surrounding the shaft, a snare, and a snare-extender slide defining a snare track to form a snare travel path in which the snare is disposed from the body and through the track and a portion of the body. The slide moves along a given extent defining a slide distance and a distal end and movement of the slide to the distal end shortens the snare travel path to extend the snare portion through the lateral opening, through the distal shaft portion, and distally out from a distal side of the body longer than the given extent to secure a suture with the snare.

Abstract: Apparatus for storing, tapering, cutting and dispensing preform layers of material includes a device for storing coiled lengths of the preform layers of material and a mechanism for receiving coiled lengths of the preform layers of material. The mechanism includes a grinding mechanism to grind portions of the preform layers of material and a cutter to cut the grinded portions of material. A programmable controller is configured to control the operations of at least one of the device and mechanism.

Abstract: Described are various embodiments of surgical procedure systems, devices, tools, and methods, useful for placing a soft tissue anchor at anatomical tissue; these may be useful for general surgical procedures, veterinary procedures, plastic surgery, and for treating pelvic conditions such as vaginal prolapse, incontinence, and other conditions caused by muscle and ligament weakness, the devices and tools being useful for accessing a posterior region of pelvic anatomy, and related methods.

Abstract: A shaped charge closure member for encapsulating a slotted shaped charge is described. The closure member includes a body having a closed upper portion, and a lower portion opposite the upper portion. The closure member has first and second side walls, a front wall, and a back wall. Each wall tapers from the lower portion to the upper portion. A skirt having a substantially rectangular cross-section extends vertically away from each of the walls, at the lower portion of the body. The skirt engages with an open portion of a slotted shaped charge case, thereby forming an encapsulated slotted shaped charge. The encapsulated slotted shaped charge may be used in an exposed perforating gun system.

Abstract: A continuous strip of T-Nuts formed on a common strip of metal. Each T-Nut of the strip of T-Nuts is integrally connected to the next adjacent T-Nut by carry tabs. The carry tabs can be frangible themselves or contain a frangible portion. Each T-Nut includes a cylindrical bore therein and a threaded interior. A mechanism feeds and severs the endmost T-Nut in endwise fashion. The mechanism to feed and sever the endmost T-Nut includes a cutting blade positioned vertically below the frangible portion of the carry tab. A shearing ram having a guide positioned axially in line with the cylindrical bore in the endmost T-Nut is adapted to move vertically from an upper to a lower position to engage the cutting blade with the frangible portion and sever the endmost T-Nut.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a ring-shaped or plate-like element, in particular for a metal-sealing material-feedthrough, in particular for devices which are subjected to high pressures, for example igniters for airbags or belt tensioning devices, whereby a blank, especially in the embodiment of a wire-shaped material is provided and the blank is subjected to processing so that a feedthrough-opening can be incorporated into a ring-shaped or plate-like element created from the blank.

Abstract: A swirler includes an inner body defining a swirl axis. A plurality of swirl vanes extend outward from the inner body. The swirl vanes define respective swirl slots therebetween for imparting swirl on a fluid passing through the swirl slots. A method of making swirlers includes additively manufacturing a stack of swirlers.

Abstract: A pyrotechnic safety element is particularly suited for use in motor vehicles. The safety element includes a conductor, a pyrotechnic unit with a pyrotechnic propellant charge, a severing member for severing the conductor, and a housing. The conductor is composed of two separate conductor parts which are joined at a joining point and are severed by the severing member when the device is triggered.

Abstract: A sliding sleeve for a synchronous manual transmission assembly is produced by the following steps: a tubular blank is provided in which an internal toothing arrangement is present, and the blank which is provided with the internal toothing arrangement is further processed to form a plurality of sliding sleeves.

Abstract: A linking block includes a top panel, an inner perimeter wall downwardly extended from the middle of the top panel, a bottom panel connected to the bottom edge of the inner perimeter wall, an outer perimeter wall downwardly extended from the outer edge of the top panel and one or multiple holes located in the bottom panel. The invention also provides a method of forming the linking block, which includes a first step of providing a sheet material, a second step of stamping the sheet material into a shape having a top panel, an inner perimeter wall downwardly extended from the middle of the top panel, a bottom panel connected to the bottom edge of the inner perimeter wall and an outer perimeter wall downwardly extended from the outer edge of the top panel, and a third step of creating one or multiple holes in the bottom panel.

Abstract: A fishing net includes a hoop formed of a section of tubing bent to a loop-like configuration, the hoop defining a net opening. An elongate handle is secured to the hoop at a proximal portion thereof, and a net bag is supported on the hoop. The hoop is formed with a cross-sectional profile that varies along at least a portion of the length of the section of tubing. A method of forming a hoop for a fishing net is also provided.

Abstract: A method for producing a node for solar mirror frame having the steps of placing an aluminum billet having a diameter of less than 13 inches into a die. There is the step of extruding the billet through the die so an extrusion is formed having an elongate portion to which a structural element is attached, and a fin extending radially outward from the elongate portion where at least 5% of the volume of the fin is replaced by at least a single void extending essentially in parallel with the elongate portion, the elongate portion and the fin having a circle diameter of less than 12 inches; and cutting the extrusion to form the node.

Abstract: The invention relates to a retracting device for a leaf of a door or a window, comprising a housing, a piston which is arranged in a receiving area of the housing and which is urged by a spring, and a shaft which is mounted in the housing and which interacts with the piston, an actuating arm for the leaf being arranged on the shaft in a non-rotatable manner. At least one first driving element is arranged on the shaft, the head surface of said driving element forming a freewheel device with a freewheel region, wherein an arrangement of the piston or a tooth of a toothing of the piston slides on the freewheeling region so as to decouple the shaft from the piston.

Abstract: A terminal crimping device that crimps a terminal to a component includes a terminal feeder feeding one or more pre-formed terminals on a generally horizontal feed plane and a ram moving a drive crimper along a generally vertical crimp stroke. The drive crimper engages the pre-formed terminal at the feed plane and transfers the terminal to a crimp zone below the feed plane and remote from the terminal strip to crimp the terminal to the component.

Abstract: A tolerance ring is adapted to be deployed between inner and outer components. The tolerance ring includes a generally cylindrical body. The sidewall can include an undeformed portion. The sidewall can further include a plurality of wave structures. The wave structures can protrude radially from the undeformed portion. Some or all wave structures can protrude inwardly or can protrude outwardly. Furthermore, the tolerance ring when placed in an assembly having an inner component and an outer component can have a first torque break-point T1 in a first rotational direction. A torque break point for an assembly comprising an inner component, an outer component, and a tolerance ring is the torque at which slippage occurs.

Abstract: An assembled blank may include a blank tip attached to a blank base, e.g., the blank tip may be welded to the blank base. The blank tip may be manufactured by modifying flat stock, e.g., tiers of blank tips may be manufactured by modifying tiers of flat stock. The blank tip may comprise a first forceps jaw, a second forceps jaw, and a blank tip aperture. The assembled blank may be disposed within a hypodermic tube and an actuation structure of a microsurgical instrument.

Abstract: A method of making a self-stopping bead for jewelry. The method comprises the steps of: inserting a resilient tube with an axial passage lengthwise into a relatively rigid tube having a longitudinal axis; deforming the rigid tube inward toward said axis at at least first and second spaced-apart locations along said axis until the rigid tube is necked down at said locations enough to pinch the resilient tube at a depression; and severing the rigid tube and the resilient tube at said depressions thereby forming a self-stopping bead with opposing holes wherein during the step of deforming, the rigid tube and the resilient tube are pinched off so that each hole in the bead receives therein an end of the resilient tube so that the resilient inner tube has a length substantially the same as an axial length of the self-stopping bead between the opposed bead holes.

Abstract: A ring-shaped or plate-like element, in particular for a metal-sealing material-feedthrough, for example for devices which are subjected to high pressures, such as igniters for airbags or belt tensioning devices, includes a feedthrough opening, whereby the feedthrough opening is located substantially in the center of the ring-shaped or plate-like element and whereby the ring-shaped or plate-like element has a thickness. The ring-shaped or plate-like element has a relief region in the area of the feedthrough opening. Further, the ring-shaped or plate-like element in the relief region has at least one thickness which is reduced by the height of the relief region and which is selected so that the feedthrough opening can be punched out of the ring-shaped or plate like element having the reducing thickness.

Abstract: A surgical fastening assembly has a fastener delivery sub-assembly with a plurality of elongated tubular needle members rigidly affixed to one another about a longitudinal axis of the subassembly. The tubular needle members are positionable around an elongate trocar movably positionable inside a cannula. The cannula is coupled to the fastener delivery sub-assembly. Anchors or fasteners are disposed in the needle members and ejected at the same time by a pusher member.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a ring-shaped or plate-like element, in particular for a metal-sealing material-feedthrough, in particular for devices which are subjected to high pressures, preferably igniters for airbags or belt tensioning devices, whereby a blank, especially in the embodiment of a wire-shaped material is provided and the blank is subjected to processing so that a feedthrough-opening can be incorporated into a ring-shaped or plate-like element created from the blank.

Abstract: Described are various embodiments of surgical procedure systems, devices, tools, and methods, useful for placing a soft tissue anchor at anatomical tissue; these may be useful for general surgical procedures, veterinary procedures, plastic surgery, and for treating pelvic conditions such as vaginal prolapse, incontinence, and other conditions caused by muscle and ligament weakness, the devices and tools being useful for accessing a posterior region of pelvic anatomy, and related methods.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for providing an interactive television system for recording television programming. The interactive television system may include components for providing personal video recorder (PVR) functionality, such as an interactive television program guide (IPG), PVR extensions, PVR application programming interfaces (APIs), a PVR device, any suitable hardware or software, or a combination thereof. These components may be implemented in, for example, an arrangement having an integrated PVR-compliant device with a PVR device, or in an arrangement having a PVR-compliant device (e.g., a set-top box) coupled to PVR equipment (e.g., a remote PVR server or a PVR sidecar) with a PVR device. The PVR-compliant device may include software and hardware configured to implement the IPG. The PVR APIs may be a library of intelligent vendor-specific and vendor-independent APIs able to determine the type of PVR device being used.

Abstract: A method of making a self-stopping bead for jewelry. The method comprises the steps of: inserting a resilient tube with an axial passage lengthwise into a relatively rigid tube having a longitudinal axis; deforming the rigid tube inward toward said axis at at least first and second spaced-apart locations along said axis until the rigid tube is necked down at said locations enough to pinch the resilient tube at a depression; and severing the rigid tube and the resilient tube at said depressions thereby forming a self-stopping bead with opposing holes wherein during the step of deforming, the rigid tube and the resilient tube are pinched off so that each hole in the bead receives therein an end of the resilient tube so that the resilient inner tube has a length substantially the same as an axial length of the self-stopping bead between the opposed bead holes.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a tension member feeding device for feeding a tension member into a channel in a construction element. The feeding device comprises: tension member feeder and a resistance or speed detector. The feeding device is arranged to stop feeding of the tension member once the resistance or speed detector detects that the tension member meets a given resistance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a flat panel detector such that the surface on the side of a fluorescent body layer of a scintillator panel which has the fluorescent body layer comprising a column crystal on the supporting body, is coupled to the planar light receiving element surface of a light-receiving element, comprising: a step of manufacturing the scintillator panel which has a larger area than that of the planar light receiving element surface; a step of trimming the edges of the scintillator panel, obtained by the step of manufacturing the scintillator panel, to correspond to the area of the planar light receiving element surface; and a step of coupling the edge-trimmed scintillator panel to the planar light receiving element surface, thus providing a flat panel detector which has an excellent productivity and that can be made small in size without non-image area.

Abstract: A method for joining core laminations by adhesive force to form a soft-magnetic laminated core by applying a coating that is wettable with epoxy resin to top sides and undersides of each sheet. The sheets are separated into core laminations made of soft-magnetic sheets, which are stacked to form a core lamination stack, and a cured adhesive introduced in a state of low viscosity into interstices between the core laminations. The core lamination stack has intermediate layers between the core laminations. For this purpose, the core laminations comprise a final-annealed, crystalline CoFe alloy, an adhesive-wettable top side and an adhesive-wettable underside. Together with the intermediate layers, the core laminations form a dimensionally accurate laminated core. The laminated core has a substantially adhesive-free contour consisting of contour surfaces of the core laminations. The adhesive is solvent-free in its low-viscosity state.

Abstract: A method for contacting a lighting device is provided, wherein the lighting device has a circuit board which is covered at least partly by a sealing compound layer; wherein the lighting device can be separated at a separating point into two lighting device sections and each of the lighting device sections has at least one electrical contact. The method may include: removing at least the sealing compound layer on both sides of the separation point so that the contacts remain covered by a thinner, remaining sealing compound layer; separating the lighting device at the separation point; attaching a connection element at least to the remaining sealing compound layer of at least one of the lighting device sections, wherein the connection element has at least one contacting element, which contacts a respective contact covered by the remaining sealing compound layer after a separation or penetration of the remaining sealing compound layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing packages having contents sealed therein, including: a step of forming cavities in a plurality of package forming areas on a first wafer; a step of bonding the first wafer and a second wafer while arranging the contents in the cavities; and a step of irradiating a bonded wafer member with a laser and separating the packages into pieces, characterized in that dummy cavities are formed on an outside of the package forming area in an outermost periphery of the first wafer in the cavity forming step.

Abstract: A method for determining a critical dimension of a structure along a plane of interest from a measurement along a test plane that is not necessarily located at the plane of interest. The method involves slicing a structure along a test plane and measuring a marker feature in this test plane. A determination of a critical dimension of a feature at the plane of interest is then determined based on the measurement of the marker feature measurement at the test plane. This testing methodology can be useful, for example in the measurement of a critical dimension of a write pole at an air bearing surface plane form a measurement of a test feature at a plane that is not necessarily located at the air bearing surface plane.

Abstract: A modular case and method of forming the same, the case preferably formed from a plurality of panels, edge members and corner pieces having ribs. The panels, edge members and corner pieces are preferably connected to align the ribs, forming substantially continuous ribs capable of distributing forces over a large area of the modular case. The case is most preferably made of plastic, the connections preferably being hot-plate welds. Most preferably, the panels and edge members have a dual skin construction with internal ribs, proving for greater strength and allowing for superior structural properties including air-/water-tight integrity. Edge members are preferably formed with protuberances to allow for better base-to-lid and case-to-case engagement. Hardware attachments to the modular case can be advantageously made while distributing the force on attachment points and without compromising structural integrity.

Abstract: There are provided a process of forming a recess groove having a depth shallower than and a width larger than the notch groove for fracturing at a portion of fracturing and splitting in the permanent magnet; a process of forming the notch groove for fracturing the permanent magnet in a groove bottom of the recess groove formed in the recess-groove forming process; and a process of fracturing and splitting the permanent magnet along the notch groove so as to obtain magnet pieces.

Abstract: A method for producing a tube with a bent progression or with a bend embodied as a transverse progression. For bending the tube or for each fold of the transverse progression, two miter cuts are made into an essentially straight tube, thus creating two tube sections with miter cut surfaces extending along the cutting planes and a cutting wedge. The miter cuts are placed such that the cutting planes intersect at a point located inside the tube wall, and at this point a bendable bar is left intact connecting the two tube sections. The miter cuts are made such that the cutting wedge first remains in the tube via not-severed or incompletely severed holding points for tube transport. The cutting wedge is then removed and the miter cut surfaces of the two tube sections are folded onto each other around the bar which acts as a hinge and then allows both tube sections to be welded together all around their miter cut surfaces.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a plurality of ultrasound transducer assemblies is provided. The method includes applying one or more layers of patternable material to at least a portion of a surface of a wafer comprising a number of die. The method further includes patterning the patternable material to define a plurality of openings, where each of the openings is aligned with a respective one of the die, disposing ultrasound acoustic arrays in respective ones of the openings, coupling the ultrasound acoustic arrays to the respective die to form the respective ultrasound transducer assemblies, and separating the ultrasound transducer assemblies to form individual ultrasound transducer assemblies.

Abstract: A technique and apparatus for heat dissipation in electrical devices is described. A bulk body may be configured with a plurality of radiating devices so that the bulk body may be divided into smaller bulk bodies to be used in conjunction with other electrical type assemblies to quickly and efficiently provide for a heat dissipation sub-assembly. In one aspect, the bulk bodies may be configured with internal voids such as a duct or tunnel interconnecting at least one input port and at least one output port for aiding in heat dissipation of an electrical device employing bulk body technique.

Abstract: A method of separating a length of single-strand wire at a notch location includes forming at least one notch in the length of single-strand wire at the notch location. The notch location is subjected to tensile strain until the notch location ruptures at the notch to separate the length of single-strand wire into a first single-strand wire and a second single-strand wire. After separation of the length of single-strand wire, the first and second single-strands each present a generally tapered end that corresponds to the notch location.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a microphone comprising a substrate, a transducer element that is mounted on a top side of the substrate, a covering layer that covers the transducer element and forms a seal with the top side of the substrate, a shaped covering material that covers the substrate, the transducer element and the covering layer, and a sound opening that extends through the covering material and the covering layer. Methods for manufacturing a microphone and for manufacturing a plurality of microphones are also disclosed.

Abstract: In an exemplary method for manufacturing a piezoelectric device, a lid wafer, a piezoelectric wafer, and a base wafer are prepared. Each wafer defines multiple lids, multiple piezoelectric vibrating pieces, and multiple bases, respectively. The piezoelectric vibrating pieces comprise respective first and second electrodes, and the base wafer is made of glass. The bases comprise respective first and second metal wires extending therethrough, each wire having a respective end and a respective side surface at the end that protrudes at least partially from the first surface. A wafer sandwich is formed with the three wafers co-aligned with each other, with the protruding ends of the wires contacting respective first and second electrodes. The layers are anodic bonded together, which also bonds the protruding ends of the first and second wires to the respective first and second electrodes. The bonded wafer sandwich is cut into separate individual piezoelectric devices thus formed in the sandwich from each other.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a boundary acoustic wave device includes the steps of forming an electrode on a first medium layer, forming a second medium layer so as to cover the electrode on the first medium layer, and forming a sound absorbing layer on an external surface of the second medium layer. The sound absorbing layer has an acoustic velocity of transverse waves that is lower than an acoustic velocity of transverse waves of the second medium layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of manufacturing a master link which connects ends of track chains of an endless track to each other. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a master link which includes a pair of partial link units that are separably coupled to each other, and which can markedly enhance the degree of precision in machining the partial link units and the quality of the product. The method includes forming a wire-cutting reference hole at a predetermined position in the master link so that a wire is inserted into the wire-cutting reference hole, and forming the first and second partial link units by wire-cutting after inserting the wire into the wire-cutting reference hole.

Abstract: There is disclosed a member for sealing, baffling and/or reinforcing components of an automotive vehicle. The assembly generally includes a carrier, an expandable material and at least one fastener.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for replacing an inner disk element of a blade integrated disk wherein the blade integrated disk has a plurality of recesses in the form of axial through-bores in the joining area. The method begins with filling the axial through-bores, after which the inner disk element of the blade integrated disk is separated from the remaining blade ring. Next a new inner disk element is inserted into the remaining blade ring and the new inner disk element and the remaining blade ring are joined. Finally the axial through-bores are restored.

Abstract: An ultrasound transducer includes an array of PZT elements mounted on a non-recessed distal surface of a backing block. Between each element and the backing block is a conductive region formed as a portion of a metallic layer sputtered onto the distal surface. Traces on a longitudinally extending circuit board—preferably, a substantially rigid printed circuit board, which may be embedded within the block—connect the conductive region, and thus the PZT element, with any conventional external ultrasound imaging system. A substantially “T” or “inverted-L” shaped electrode is thereby formed for each element, with no need for soldering. At least one longitudinally extending metallic member mounted on a respective lateral surface of the backing block forms a heat sink and a common electrical ground. A thermally and electrically conductive layer, such as of foil, transfers heat from at least one matching layer mounted on the elements to the metallic member.

Abstract: A method of fabricating chip carriers suitable for use in packaging integrated circuits and other electronic, electro-mechanical and opto-electronic devices is described. In general, a number of wires (or wires and rods) are arranged in parallel in a wiring fixture. After the wires are positioned, they are encapsulated to form an encapsulated wiring block. The wiring block is then sliced to form a number of discrete panels. Preferably, the various wires are geometrically positioned such that each resulting panel has a large number of device areas defined therein. The encapsulant in each panel effectively forms a substrate and the wire segments in each panel form conductive vias that extend through the substrate. The resulting panels/chip carriers can then be used in a wide variety of packaging applications.

Abstract: A plate joint for joining two plates together includes a first plate and a second plate, with each of the first plate and second plate having a first edge and an opposite and generally parallel second edge. The first plate and second plate are connected together in a generally orthogonal orientation relative to each other with a finger joint defined by a notch in each plate which interlock with each other. The first edge of the first plate and the first edge of the second plate each have a groove therein which axially align with each other in and end-to-end manner. A locking pin is press fitted into the grooves in each of the first plate and the second plate.

Abstract: Providing a glass assembly cutting method capable of improving yield by cutting a glass assembly into a predetermined size, providing a package manufacturing method, a package and a piezoelectric vibrator manufactured by the manufacturing method, and an oscillator, an electronic device, and a radio-controlled timepiece. Providing a wafer assembly cutting method of cutting a wafer assembly 60 along a scribe line M?, the method including: a scribing step of irradiating a laser beam having an absorption wavelength of the wafer assembly 60 along the contour line to form the scribe line M? on a lid board wafer 50; and a breaking step of applying a breaking stress along the scribe line M? using a cutting blade to cut the wafer assembly along the scribe line M?, wherein the scribing step involves forming the scribe line M? so that the ratio of a depth dimension D of the scribe line M? to a width dimension W thereof is 0.8 or larger and 6.0 or smaller.

Abstract: There is provided a method of fabricating an injector cup unit for connecting a fuel injection pipe, which includes providing a steel bar in which parent bodies of injector cups and parent bodies of injector holders, integrally formed with the parent bodies of the injector cups, are continuously connected in a longitudinal direction thereof, cutting the steel bar to a preset length to fabricate the parent body of the injector cup and the parent body of the injector holder, and processing the parent body of the injector cup and the parent body of the injector holder to fabricate the injector cup and the injector holder integrally formed with the injector cup.

Abstract: A method for producing a number of chip cards includes a step for preparing a supporting film comprising a number of locations each of which constituting a card support and being provided with a cavity capable of receiving an integrated circuit, a step for processing this supporting film carried out, in part, by a multi-head tool, one of the heads of this tool being provided for carrying out an operation on a location of the film essentially at the same time as another head of this tool carries out the same operation on another location of this film, and a step for separating the locations after the processing step.

Abstract: Methods are provided for manufacturing piezoelectric vibrating devices that do not contain any unwanted gas or water vapor inside the devices. In an exemplary method, a base wafer is prepared including multiple package bases each having a first main surface and a second main surface. The base wafer also includes a pair of through-holes disposed between adjacent package bases of the base wafer. A piezoelectric vibrating piece is placed on each package base. A lid wafer is prepared that includes multiple package lids. A sealing material is applied to the base wafer or lid wafer in peripheral bands used for bonding the bases and lids together and defines respective interior cavities. The band of sealing material includes a communicating groove that communicates from the inner cavity to the first through-hole. The base wafer and lid wafer are subject to heat and compression to effect bonding.

Abstract: A transducer and method of forming a transducer is disclosed. The method comprises locating a feed wire for forming a drive pin on a reed surface, welding a first end of the feed wire to the reed, cutting the feed wire to form a drive pin, and securing the drive pin to a paddle. The first end of the feed wire can be welded to the reed by a laser welding operation. The laser melts the reed to form a molten reed material, and the feed wire is pushed through the molten reed material to form a weld between the feed wire and the reed, once the molten reed material solidifies. The wire coil is then cut with a second laser to form the drive pin. The drive pin is then adhered to a paddle with an adhesive.

Abstract: A piezoelectric mirror device fabrication process, including: dividing a silicon wafer into a multiplicity of segments, wherein on one surface of said silicon wafer per segment, a pair of lower electrodes, a mirror portion positioned between said lower electrodes and a pair of mirror support portions adapted to join said mirror portion to said lower electrodes are formed of an electrically conductive material having a Young's modulus of up to 160 GPa and a melting point higher than that of a piezoelectric element to be formed later; stacking the piezoelectric element and an upper electrode on said lower electrodes; removing the silicon wafer in a desired pattern from another surface of said silicon wafer per segment, and obtaining a multiplicity of piezoelectric mirror devices by dicing said multiplicity of piezoelectric mirror devices into individual ones.