Abstract: A method of securing a structure against a slide-type mounting rail of an electronic equipment enclosure includes: providing a hardware assembly having a spring retainer and bolt, a head of which is received at least partially within the spring retainer; positioning the hardware assembly within a T-slot channel of the slide-type mounting rail such that bent edges of deflectable spring arms engage ledges of the T-slot channel to prevent the retainer from rotation; configuring the bolt from an unlocked position to a locked position by rotating the bolt a quarter turn relative to the retainer to position the head transversely within the channel, thereby obstructing the hardware assembly from inadvertent removal from the slide-type mounting rail; placing the structure against the slide-type mounting rail such that a shaft extends through an aperture; and tightening a nut onto the shaft such that the nut is pressed firmly against the structure.

Abstract: A hardware assembly for installation in a slide-type mounting rail of an electronic equipment enclosure includes a spring retainer and a hardware component received at least partially within the spring retainer. The spring retainer has a rear wall and a deflectable spring arm extending in a forward direction from each end of the rear wall. Each spring arm includes a distal end that extends inward toward the distal end of the other spring arm. The hardware component includes a generally oblong head and a plurality of cam bosses arranged at a front-facing side thereof. Each spring arm engages and is partially deflected outward by a respective one of the cam bosses, thereby clamping the hardware component within the spring retainer.

Abstract: A joint structure comprises a first panel and a second panel joined together by mechanical clinching. The joint structure includes a join region that is formed so as to extend in an elongated shape by forming plural clinched portions in a given arrangement by mechanical clinching. At least one clinched portion of the plural clinched portions is clinched from an opposite panel side from other clinched portions of the plurality of clinched portions.

Abstract: A punch for a staking/riveting device having a workpiece receiving opening formed on a pressing surface of the punch to make a workpiece, projecting from a contacting surface, that is at least partially introducible into the receiving opening in response to the pressing surface of the punch approaching the contacting surface and is deformable in conformity with an inner contour of the receiving opening; at least a partial surface of the inner contour being formed in a spherical/ellipsoidal cap shape; and the inner contour of the receiving opening having an inner-contour intermediate surface between a rim of the inner contour on the pressing surface and the spherical or ellipsoidal cap-shaped partial surface that is a cylinder truncated cone jacket-shaped. A staking/riveting device, a joining partner for cooperating with the punch or with the staking/riveting device, a device having at least one staked/riveted workpiece, and a method for staking/riveting a workpiece.

Abstract: A brake disc includes a friction ring having a first material and a brake rotor hat having a second material that is different from the first material. The friction ring includes a flange formed in the axial direction, and the flange is connected to an edge of the brake rotor hat oriented towards the friction ring, by means of at least one connection element designed as a rivet. The rivet head is in flat contact with the surface of the brake rotor hat facing away from the flange.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a manufacturing process of an arc-shaped bottom titanium cup, including: S1: pressing an inner support ring; S2: primary crystallization; S3: matching; S4: welding opening parts; S5: pressing a titanium cup vacuum bottom; S6: welding the titanium cup vacuum bottom; S7: secondary crystallization; S8: vacuumizing; S9: detecting a thermal insulation function; S10: welding a titanium cup bottom plate; S11: surface polishing; and S12: oxidation processing. The present disclosure provides an inner support ring structure, the inner support ring always holds the titanium cup vacuum bottom round and maintains the titanium cup vacuum bottom in a high degree of roundness, thereby ensuring that a surface of a titanium cup shell and a titanium cup vacuum bottom is flat and smooth. The arc-shaped bottom titanium cup is clamped by adopting an upper mold and a lower mold, so that the arc-shaped bottom titanium cup is accurately limited.

Abstract: A vehicular body structural arrangement includes a unitarily-formed polymeric bed box including a bulkhead panel, an elongate reinforcement including a spine, and a row of rivet nuts securing the reinforcement to the bulkhead panel in an unconcealed manner. The reinforcement is backed against the bulkhead panel from outside the bed box. The rivet nuts are installed to the bulkhead panel against the reinforcement facing inside the bed box.

Abstract: A variable nozzle unit includes: a connection pin which includes a shaft; a support ring which is provided with a first through-hole; and a nozzle ring which is provided with a second through-hole, in which the shaft is inserted through the first through-hole and the second through-hole, one end of the shaft is provided with a flange portion having a diameter larger than that of the second through-hole and the other end of the shaft is provided with a head portion having a diameter larger than that of the first through-hole, the flange portion is in contact with the nozzle ring, and an elastic member that urges the support ring toward the nozzle ring is disposed between the head portion and the support ring.

Abstract: A vehicle seat structural component for a vehicle seat includes a structural element, a transverse tube and an intermediate body. The structural element includes an opening. The transverse tube includes an outwardly extending first protrusion. The transverse tube extends through the opening. The intermediate body connects the structural element and the transverse tube. The intermediate body includes a transverse tube supporting section including an inwardly extending first recess. The transverse tube supporting section is supported at the transverse tube such that the first protrusion extends into the first recess and the transverse tube supporting section surrounds the first protrusion.

Abstract: The invention proposes insulating profiles of a polymer material, and methods for producing the insulating profiles, are disclosed.

Abstract: The method includes the step of positioning the sheets in an at least partially overlapping relationship. The method continues with the step of inserting a rivet that has a height through an overlapping area of the sheets. The method proceeds with the step of, with the rivet at a temperature in the range of 15-30° Celsius, collapsing the rivet between a pair of ramming surfaces to shorten the rivet and partially expand the rivet outwardly to lock the rivet with the sheets. The entire method results in a very strong connection between the sheets and with a great durability at a low cost.

Abstract: A blind fastener tool with pulling fingers is provided. One embodiment is a tool for installing a blind fastener in a hole. The tool includes stationary fingers having tips protruding from a front end of the housing to contact a rim of a sleeve of the blind fastener. The tool also includes pulling fingers in the housing arranged longitudinally in spaces between the stationary fingers. Ends of the pulling fingers proximate to the front end are configured to radially expand to receive a drive element of the blind fastener, and to radially collapse to grip a collar of the drive element. The pulling fingers are configured to translate inside the housing to pull the drive element away from the sleeve as the stationary fingers contact the rim of the sleeve to form a bulb with the sleeve at a blind side of the hole.

Abstract: A roller hemming apparatus includes a receiving body including a receiving member coming into contact with an edge of a panel workpiece, a roller body including a roller member bending a panel flange at the edge of the workpiece toward the receiving member, and a movement unit moving the roller body along the edge and tilts up or down the roller body toward the flange. The roller member hems the flange through the tilting-up operation of the roller body. One of the receiving and roller bodies includes a guide recess and the other includes a convex curved surface coming into sliding contact with the recess. The recess and the surface have a same curvature. The roller body is tilted up to bend the flange or tilted down to move away from the flange around a center of curvature common to the surface and the recess that come into sliding contact.

Abstract: A counter-die includes a body portion comprised of a relatively soft plate material that is substantially planar for use in a die converting process. The counter-die is comprised of a metallic material that includes a bearing surface that is work-hardened over time in a repeated die converting process to provide a work-hardened outer layer that exhibits a medium-hard to hard characteristic as compared to the body portion of the counter-die.

Abstract: A fastener is staked to a sheet of equal or higher strength material. The fastener can be staked to a substantially circular shaped opening in the sheet material but other shapes of openings can be used. The opening is prepared by forming serrations in at least a part thereof. The serrations can take many forms and depths depending on the requirements for the particular application and materials being used. The serrations are formed by a doming tool and a punch tool aligned on opposite sides of the sheet material coming together to create the serrations. The nut is inserted into the serrated opening in the sheet material and force is applied to the fastener causing at least a portion of material of the fastener to flow at least partially into the serrations and secure the fastener to the sheet material.

Abstract: Various systems and methods enabling low cost solar tracker systems including lower cost mounting assemblies and fasteners are described herein. Reducing the material, manufacturing costs and/or labor required for assembly of solar tracker components can present significant reductions in the cost of solar tracker systems. In an embodiment, a hollow fastener can significantly lower the cost of solar tracker mounting and coupling assemblies while still maintaining strength and structural integrity of the solar tracker system.

Abstract: A repair method for repairing an assembly including a main body and an old reinforcement, the assembly including an initial hole passing through the old reinforcement and at least a portion of the main body, the method including removing the old reinforcement; positioning a plug in the initial hole in the main body; fastening a new reinforcement on the main body, the new reinforcement covering the plug; and forming a new hole passing through the new reinforcement and at least a portion of the main body.

Abstract: A method for producing a hot-rolled clad composite material may involve cleaning surfaces of multiple flat products, at least one surface of which has a natural unevenness. The cleaned surfaces may then be connected and brought into contact by stacking the flat products. The flat products may then by regionally welded to create a flat product package. The method may further involve heating the flat product package to an initial hot-rolling temperature, hot-rolling the flat product package to form a hot strip, and either cutting the hot strip into plates or sheets or coiling the hot strip to form a coil.

Abstract: A system includes a blade segment having a blade and a mounting segment coupled to the blade. Additionally, the mounting segment includes a first contact face and a second contact face, wherein the first and second contact face are concave with respect to a longitudinal axis of the blade segment. To reduce stresses within the mounting segment, the mounting segment further includes a lower face coupling the first contact face and the second contact face, wherein the lower face is convex across the longitudinal axis of the blade segment.

Abstract: A preform for a turbine engine blade, the preform being obtained by three-dimensional weaving and comprising a first longitudinal segment (31) suitable for forming at least a portion of a blade root, a second longitudinal segment (32) extending the first longitudinal segment (31) upwards, and suitable for forming at least a portion of a stilt portion, a third longitudinal segment (33) extending the second longitudinal segment (32) upwards, and suitable for forming an airfoil portion, a first transverse segment (34) extending transversely from the junction between the second and third longitudinal segments (32, 33), and suitable for forming a first platform, and a first oblique segment (36) extending from the junction between the first and second longitudinal segments (31, 32) to the first transverse segment (34), and suitable for forming a retaining leg (26) for the first platform.

Abstract: A blind rivet-nut having an annular-flange-like setting head and a hollow shaft for securing a blind rivet-nut in an opening of a carrier. The hollow shaft has a free end having a threaded portion for receiving a threaded element of a tensioning tool. A clamping portion adjacent to the setting head forms a bead-like deformation when the tensioning tool is used to clamp the carrier between the bead-like deformation and the setting head. A threadless shaft portion is formed between the clamping portion and the threaded portion. The threadless shaft portion is threaded by a thread self-rolling or thread self-tapping fastener. The fastener is received in a positive-locking manner when the fastener is screwed into the thread formed on the previously threadless shaft portion. A method is also disclosed for securing a component to a carrier by a blind rivet-nut.

Abstract: A sliding bearing is made of a resin and includes a tubular portion that includes an outer peripheral surface including a D-cut surface. A flange portion, which protrudes from the D-cut surface, is formed at one end portion of the tubular portion. An engagement portion is formed at the other end portion of the tubular portion. A protruding portion is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the tubular portion at a circumferential position that is outside a region in which the D-cut surface is formed and that is outside a region in which the engagement portion is formed.

Abstract: A server casing includes a frame and a plate connecting structure disposed in the frame and including a plate and a board. A first rivet hole of the plate has a first outer hole edge and a first inner hole edge greater than the first outer hole edge. A first guide surface connects the first outer hole edge and the first inner hole edge. The board has a board edge corresponding to the first rivet hole. A first arm is formed on the board edge. After the first arm is pressed to abut against the first guide surface, the pressed first arm deforms along the first guide surface to be located in the first rivet hole, so as to fix the board to the plate.

Abstract: A method of loading a rotating assembly of a turbocharger can include positioning a swage collar on an end portion of a turbocharger shaft that extends through a through bore of a compressor wheel; applying a pulling force to the end portion of the turbocharger shaft to achieve a desired amount of loading; deforming the swage collar to form a swaged collar fixed to the end portion of the turbocharger shaft; and releasing the pulling force wherein the swaged collar maintains the desired amount of loading.

Abstract: There is provided a press forming method capable of suppressing a camber back, which occurs in a hat-shaped member while reducing a restriction on a shape of the hat-shaped member. At a time of the press forming, a blank material (4) in which a longitudinal line length is at least longer than a longitudinal line length of a top plate portion of a hat-shaped member (5) is fixed between a pair of press dies (lower die (2), upper die (3)), which have bent surfaces (convex surface (2a), concave surface (3a)), while being warped upward, that is, in a bending direction of the lower die (2) and the upper die (3). Subsequently, for the fixed blank material (4), a bent portion of the hat-shaped member (5) is press formed by using the convex surface (2a) and the concave surface (3a).

Abstract: An assembly (300) includes (i) a hairspring (2) made of a paramagnetic alloy including at least one of the following elements: Nb, V, Ta, Ti, Zr and Hf, notably an alloy including the elements Nb and Zr with between 5% and 25% by mass of Zr and an interstitial doping agent including oxygen, and (ii) at least one fastening part (1; 1?), notably two parts (1; 1?), in particular a stud (1) or a collet (1?), for an end (2a; 2b) of the hairspring (2), the at least one part (1; 1?) having a first portion (10; 10?) that is designed to come into contact with the hairspring (2) and that is made of titanium or titanium alloy or of tantalum or tantalum alloy, notably grade 2 titanium or grade 5 titanium.

Abstract: A hybrid fastener is provided in combination with a structural insert. The insert is disposed about a shank of the fastener at an unthreaded section. In another aspect, a sleeve surrounds the shank of the fastener and has apertures for receiving the insert therethrough. Methods of using the above-described hybrid fastener for securing workpieces are also disclosed.

Abstract: In order to further improve a method for producing a carrier body for a friction lining of a disk brake, in such a way that the rigid connection between a friction-lining carrier plate of the carrier body and a first damper mass of the carrier body is more robust, a force directed perpendicularly towards the first pin-shaped project is exerted, according to the invention, by means of pressing until the first pin-shaped projection is compressed to such an extent that the first pin-shaped projection forms, within the first hole, a form closure with an inner wall of the first hole in some regions.

Abstract: An outer ring for a bearing includes an outer sleeve that defines a first exterior surface and a first interior area. The first interior area is defined by a first inner surface. The first inner surface has a first fastener mechanism formed therein. The outer ring includes an inner sleeve that defines a second exterior surface and a second interior area. The second interior area is defined by a second inner surface. The second exterior surface has a second fastener mechanism formed therein. The inner sleeve is removably disposed in the first interior area by selective engagement of the first fastener mechanism with the second fastener mechanism. The outer sleeve surrounds the inner sleeve and extends axially from a first end to a second end thereof. The inner sleeve extends from the first end to the second end of the outer sleeve.

Abstract: An assembly, for example an automotive assembly, is provided that includes an upper workpiece, a lower workpiece, and a rivet extending through the upper workpiece and into the lower workpiece. The rivet, which may be a self-piercing rivet (SPR) in one form, includes a head portion and a shaft portion extending from the head portion. A diameter of the head portion (Hd) is less than or equal to a diameter of the shaft portion (Sd), and an interface between the head portion of the rivet and the upper workpiece is flush.

Abstract: Provided is a single-groove and short-tail pulling rivet and an erection method thereof, and the pulling rivet comprises a single groove and a short tail having a broached groove with a continuous and smooth cambered surface, and is characterized by easy manufacturing, low cost and convenient erection. The broached groove is an arc surface with three sections of different radiuses, which solves stress concentration and sticking of a single-groove and short-tail rivet during riveting, and allows a claw of a riveting machine to be engaged to the best position automatically. The tooth profile of a locking groove section of the rivet is a curve combining an arc and a straight line, which greatly improves fastening force.

Abstract: A piston pin has an eccentric center of gravity and formed of different materials and is installed through a piston and an upper end of a connecting rod. The piston pin includes a cylindrical outer member and a cylindrical inner member formed of a material which has a lower density than the outer member and is arranged in the outer member.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fastener that includes a nut with a threaded bore that includes a head on one end, a cylindrical outer surface and a tapered ramp on the other end, a bolt that includes a head, a threaded portion engaged with the threaded bore, a recess next to the bolt head and an enlarged shank between the threads and the recess, where the outer diameter of the recess is smaller than a major diameter of the threaded bore of the nut and where an outer diameter of the shank is larger than a major diameter of the bolt threads, and a sleeve with a unthreaded bore positioned between the tapered ramp and the bolt head with one end crimped into the recess such that the internal diameter of the crimped sleeve bore is smaller than the major diameter of the threads on the bolt.

Abstract: A piston manufacturing device includes a first forming device (42) configured to form an annular groove (61) in a piston (11), and a second forming device (52) configured to press an edge (15) of an opening (14) of the piston (11) toward other end side in an axial direction of the piston (11) and to form a thick section (65) extruded from an inner circumferential surface (12b) arranged between the edge (15) and the groove (61) toward an axial center side of the piston (11), wherein a recessed section (53) is formed at a portion of the second forming device (52) that is arranged to abut the edge (15) so that an inner circumferential side of the edge (15) is plastically deformed toward the other end side in an axial direction of the piston (11).

Abstract: A solenoid assembly (100) is provided that includes a frame (104), a coil (106) positioned proximate the frame (104), and a core (114) defined by the coil (106). A plunger (108) is actuatable between at least a first position and a second position, and a guide (109) is at least partially disposed within the core (114). The plunger (108) is disposed at least partially within the guide (109). A housing (102) at least partially houses the frame (104), the coil (106), the guide (109) and the plunger (108), and the guide (109) is prevented from rotating independently of the housing (102).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a tooling operation to be performed by a tooling system in an assembly process. A current set of parameter values for a set of parameters for the tooling system are modified iteratively, until the current set of parameter values are determined to result in the tooling operation producing an output that meets a set of criteria, to form a final set of parameter values. The tooling operation is performed with the tooling system using the final set of parameter values. A determination is made as to whether the output of the tooling operation meets the set of criteria based on sensor data about the output. A new set of parameter values are identified as the current set of parameter values to be evaluated in response to a determination that the output of the tooling operation does not meet the set of criteria.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for joining superimposed sheet formed material with an intermediate layer of adhesive together by means of gluing in combination with clinching, at which a tool comprising a first and a second co-axial tool parts, co-operate for producing said joint, said first tool part comprising a punch (1) with an impact surface, surrounded by a stripper (2) with an impact surface, said second tool part comprising a die with an impact surface surrounding a die cavity at the bottom of which an anvil with an impact surface is arranged. In a step before making the clinch joint positioning and locking said punch (1) and said stripper (2) of said first tool part relative to each other so that said impact surfaces present a first, common, squeezing surface (6) of the first tool part, having essentially the same size and form as a second, squeezing surface of the second tool part.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to inserts for use with sandwich panels, such as composite panels, and related methods. Presently disclosed inserts may include a retention feature and/or an anti-rotation feature that may be configured to retain the insert in place within a bore formed in the sandwich panel. In this manner, presently disclosed inserts may be secured without the use of adhesive compounds, which may increase efficiency and/or reduce costs in manufacturing apparatus that include one or more sandwich panels having one or more inserts placed therein. Presently disclosed methods of installing an insert into a sandwich panel may include rotating the insert with respect to the sandwich panel as the insert is installed, such that a portion of the insert may be positioned under the skin of the sandwich panel (e.g., a portion of the insert may be positioned between the skin and the core of the sandwich panel).

Abstract: A solar cell panel according to an embodiment of the invention includes a solar cell module, a frame including a module coupler coupled with a peripheral edge of the solar cell module and a leg which is connected to the module coupler and includes a plurality of holes, and a plurality of nut members fixed to the leg of frame, each of the plurality of nut members including a bolt insertion hole. Each of the plurality of nut members includes a head, a rivet connected to the head, and a fixer positioned at one end of the rivet. The head is positioned on a first surface of the leg, and the fixer is positioned on a second surface opposite the first surface of the leg. The rivet is inserted into each of the plurality of holes of the leg.

Abstract: A self-drilling anchor including a screw and an anchor body configured to receive a shank of the screw, the anchor body including: a flange at an end oriented toward a head of the screw, a threaded portion, a deformable expansion portion between the flange and the threaded portion, and a rotation locking mechanism preventing rotation of the anchor body relative to the wall. The threaded portion is configured to engage with the screw thread and advance in a direction of the flange, by deforming the expansion portion, when the screw is screwed into the threaded portion. The anchor body further includes a piercing element at the opposite end from the flange, the anchor including a fastening mechanism between the screw and the anchor body, the fastening mechanism being detachable by a torque, applied between the screw and the anchor body, equal to or greater than a predetermined torque.

Abstract: A method for fastening a rebound stop to a piston rod of a vibration damper positioned at a piston rod and axially supported with a first tool. A second tool component having a press-in surface that presses the tubular portion of the rebound stop into the circumferential groove of the piston rod. The first and the second tool carry out an movement toward one another. At least one tool presses the tubular portion of the rebound stop into the circumferential groove of the piston rod. The pitch angle of the press-in surface varies over the axial longitudinal extension of the press-in surface. As the distance between the tools decreases, the force ratio between the axially directed pressing force and the radially directed pressing force changes such that the axially directed pressing force decreases and the radially directed pressing force increases.

Abstract: An apparatus and its method of use enables a thermoplastically deformable fastener assembly to be deformed to hold an installation preload torque after the fastener has been torqued to a predetermined value.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing germanium nanowires encapsulated within multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The method includes the steps of performing chemical vapor deposition using a combined germanium and carbon source having a general formula of GeR(4-x)Lx, where x=0, 1, 2, or 3; R is selected from a group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl and L=hydrogen, halide or alkoxide and growing germanium nanowires encapsulated within multi-walled carbon nanotubes on a substrate. A reaction product of that method or process is also provided.

Abstract: A can for containing a liquid having a top end is disclosed. The top end has a dispense area defined by a first score line and a pull tab coupled to the top end by a rivet. The pull tab has a puncturing end for breaking the first score line and pushing into the interior of the can without detaching the dispense area to open a dispense aperture. A vent area is defined by a second score line and positioned on the opposite side of the rivet. The first and second score lines are separated by at least one torsion stripe of the can top material for acting as a hinge by torsion upon lifting the actuating end of the pull tab. As the dispense aperture is opened by pushing the dispense area into the interior of the can, a vent aperture is opened by pulling the vent area outwards.

Abstract: A spoiler for a rotor blade includes a base member, which base member has a mounting face for mounting onto a surface of the rotor blade, and an aerodynamic member for detachably connecting onto the base member. Further, a wind turbine includes a number of rotor blades attached to a hub, wherein at least one rotor blade has such a spoiler mounted on a surface strip of the rotor blade. Also, a method of constructing a wind turbine is provided. A rotor blade is manufactured. A base member of the spoiler is mounted onto the rotor blade. The rotor blade is connected to a hub of the wind turbine. An aerodynamic member of the spoiler is attached onto the base member, wherein at least the mounting of the base member onto the rotor blade is performed prior to the connecting of the rotor blade to the hub.

Abstract: A friction lining or structure of a vehicle disk brake, including an absorption body with a mass MT, with a rear plate including hammer-head-shaped projections and friction material, which is fastened to the rear plate, for bearing against a friction ring, and wherein the projections engage in abutments of receiving recesses in a holder profile for the tangentially fixed holding and the axially displaceable guidance, and therefore introduction of a tangentially directed circumferential force (Fu, friction force) into the holder profile induces a tensile stress in at least one projection. An absorption system for suppressing undesirable vibrations is arranged on the friction lining.

Abstract: An insulation system including a first retention member having a first channel, a second retention member having a second channel, and a thermal bridge. The thermal bridge includes a first finger and a second finger. The first finger is received into the first channel and the second finger is received into the second channel. The system further includes a first locking tab associated with the first channel for securing the first finger and a second locking tab associated with the second channel for securing the second finger. The thermal bridge substantially reduces conductive heat transfer between the first retention member and the second retention member.

Abstract: Disclosed are amorphous carbon nanofibers including copper nanoparticles or copper alloy nanoparticles, copper composite nanoparticles prepared by grinding the amorphous carbon nanofibers and implemented as surfaces of Cu-included particles are partially or wholly coated with amorphous carbons, a dispersed solution including the copper composite nanoparticles, and preparation methods thereof and the amorphous carbon nanofibers include nanoparticles including copper, copper nanoparticles or copper alloy nanoparticles, and, the copper composite nanoparticles are implemented as surfaces of Cu-included particles are partially or wholly coated with amorphous carbons.

Abstract: The present invention relates to headed push-in fasteners of the type produced by Penn Engineering & Manufacturing Corp. known as TackPins and TackScrews. More specifically it relates to a Tack Pin or a Tack Screw with a Belleville head that provides the functionality of a Bellville washer without needing a separate part. When installed, the compression of the Bellville shaped head will cause a permanent loading to be applied under the head of the fastener, essentially creating a clamping force to the members being attached.

Abstract: A metal door includes a pair of sheet metal door panels. Each of the door panels includes a central body portion with top, bottom and opposing side edges. The doors include an integral flange along each side edge of each panel. The integral flange extends generally perpendicular to the central body portion. An integral inturned lip can be located along each flange and extend substantially parallel to the central body portion. The door panels are positioned such that the central body portions are in an opposing spaced apart relation to one another with the flanges adjacent to and aligned with one another. The inturned lips are positioned in contacting face-to-face relation. The metal door also includes an elongate connector overlying and clamping together each face-to-face pair of inturned lips to maintain the door panels in assembled relation.