Abstract: A device and a method for fastening a first object of a second object are provided. The device comprises a sleeve and an arbor, wherein the sleeve comprises a first load application means for the first object and an abutment for an outer surface of the second object, as well as a passage, wherein a contraction of the passage in the sleeve extends at least up to the point of the passage that is the closest adjacent point to the abutment.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for hemming together a pair of panels and immediately sealing the hemmed joint against the intrusion of moisture. A tool mount is attached to a multi-axis manipulator such as a robot for moving the tool mount along the edge portions of the panels. A hemming roller is mounted on the tool mount and adapted to be moved along the edge portions of the panels by the multi axis manipulator to fold the flanged edge portion of the outer panel onto the edge portion of inner panel as the tool mount traverses the edge portions of the panels. A sealing mechanism is mounted on the tool mount adjacent to the hemming roller to seal the hemmed joint immediately after the flanged edge portion is folded onto the inner panel. The sealing mechanism may be a dispenser of adhesive sealer or a friction stir welder.

Abstract: A pressing apparatus is used to press a number of hooks of a speaker mesh to a shell. The pressing apparatus includes a workbench, a first pressing board located above the workbench, a number of bending members extending down from the first pressing board, a second pressing board located above the first pressing board, and a number of pressing members extending down from the second pressing board and slidably passing through the first pressing board. The number of bending members press inner sides of distal ends of the hooks to bend out in response to the first pressing board moving towards the workbench; and the number of pressing members press the distal ends of the hooks to bend further to hold the shell in response to the second pressing board moving towards the workbench.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a ball stud of a ball joint for a vehicle. The ball stud includes a ball stud body and an auxiliary flange plate. The ball stud body includes a spherical head, a neck provided on the spherical head, a flange provided on the neck, a connection part provided on the flange, and a threaded part which is coaxially provided on the connection part. A thread is formed on the threaded part. The threaded part has an outer diameter greater than a diameter of the connection part. The auxiliary flange plate is fitted over the connection part. A coupling hole is formed through a central portion of the auxiliary flange plate. The coupling hole has a diameter less than the outer diameter of the threaded part. The auxiliary flange plate has a support area greater than a support area of the flange.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of forming a container comprising forming a basket portion of metal mesh material and a rail connected to the basket portion. The rail extends substantially outwardly from the outer surface of the basket portion and the rail extends continuously around the outer surface of the basket portion. In one example, the method includes forming the rail so that it does not contain or surround a free edge of the basket portion. In another example, the method includes forming the rail so that it includes an opening for containing or surrounding a free edge of the basket portion. The method may also include forming a lower rail. The present invention is also directed to a container formed by such method.

Abstract: A stack arrangement has a first plate-shaped workpiece (12), at least one another plate-shaped workpiece, and an eyelet (14; 34) that connects the first workpiece (12) and the at least one another workpiece (13), with material of the first workpiece (12) being drawn through a through-opening (15) in the at least one another workpiece (13), and with a rim (17) of the through-opening (15) of the at least one another workpiece (13) conically narrowing in a direction of the first workpiece (12).

Abstract: A unified head for a staked fastener wherein the unified head is made from a first member in combination with a supplemental member, and the two members have at least one shared fiber. In a staking operation that forms the unified head, the operation is conducted in such a manner that a portion of a fiber, initially within the first member or the supplemental member, crosses the boundary therebetween creating the shared fiber, i.e., a segment of a single fiber is embedded in the first member and a segment is embedded in the supplemental member.

Abstract: The press is used for assembling a section of a railing system. It comprises at least one set of tab-bending punch heads designed to bend end tabs provided on pickets. The tabs are inserted through a corresponding opening made in a rail of the section of the railing system before activating the press. Using this press, a plurality of pickets can be simultaneously connected to the rails.

Abstract: A bladed disk assembly device having a horizontal adjustable arm and a vertical pivot bar that is perpendicularly attached to a first end of the horizontal arm. A roller assembly is attached to a second end of the horizontal arm. A rotary table holds a disk that is circumvented by a blade positioning belt around an outer diameter of the turbine disk. A saddle is attached to the vertical pivot bar that is positioned beneath the disk.

Abstract: A window glass, particularly for installation by adhesive bonding in an opening of a vehicle bodywork, comprises a sheet of glass with a profiled bead that is fixed at least to the main surface of the sheet of glass facing toward the interior in the installed state and that rests against at least part of the opening. The use of such a window glass makes it possible, once the window glass has been installed in the bodywork opening, to obtain a visible space less than 5 mm between the opening and the edge face of the window glass.

Abstract: A method for connecting shell parts (01, 02), which have been formed from sheet metal, for example by deep drawing. The shell parts (01, 02) may be any desired workpieces of a chassis part in the form of semifinished items or other components that are suitable for a folded seam connection. For this, the shell parts must have edges which are arranged lying one against the other in the connecting position. The method according includes first arranging the shell parts (1, 2) that are to be connected in a position envisaged for the shell parts (01, 02) in the connected state. Subsequently, the edge (03) of the first shell part (01) is folded around the edge (04) of the second shell part (02), so that a folded seam (06) is formed. After the folding operation, according to the invention the folded seam (06) is heated and subsequently once again pressed together. As a result, a positive and gap-free folded seam connection is achieved, with which the shell parts (01, 02) are permanently firmly connected.

Abstract: A device (100) for assembling a pneumatic booster (200) wherein a cover (203) of the booster is housed in a support (101) and a cylindrical cap (104) whose internal volume (107) is greater than a volume of a cylinder (206) of the booster, covers the cylinder placed on the cover. A gearing element (110) of the device rotates two sets of rollers (109A and 109B) about the booster and an eccentric (118) controlled by the gearing element allows an oscillating movement of the rollers against a wall of the booster. The swaging is achieved by alternately applying the rollers (109A) and (109B) and an angle of attack (114A) of the first rollers is greater than an angle of attack (114B) of the second rollers.

Abstract: An aligner and a method for its use in staking a fastener. More specifically, the aligner guides a tip of a staking tool in some portion of a staking operation properly into alignment with a clinch portion of a staked fastener. As a result, the clinch portion is shaped into a head of a generally higher quality than would otherwise occur.

Abstract: The present invention provides a caulked assembly to be manufactured at low cost, and maintain sufficient caulking strength, and the manufacturing method and apparatus thereof. The manufacturing method comprises steps of forming a mounting hole for inserting and assembling a columnar body in a metal plate body, and forming a thick part along an inner circumferential edge of a mounting hole; forming a circumferential groove with a predetermined depth at an assembled position of a outer circumferential surface of the columnar body inserted into the mounting hole; inserting the columnar body into the mounting hole to set to the assembled position where the thick part is opposed to the circumferential groove; and caulking for compressively pressing the thick part from an axial direction of the columnar body to plastically deform the thick part in a center direction of the mounting hole to bite the thick part into the circumferential groove.

Abstract: A method of using an electromagnetic forming machine to hem a panel assembly includes providing an inner panel and an outer panel. The outer panel has a plurality of flanges and a plurality of relief areas. An electric forming machine is provided having a coil for discharging electric energy to generate a magnetic field. The inner panel is positioned such that portions of the outer edge of the inner panel are aligned with the flanges of the outer panel to form a loose assembly of panels. The loose assembly of panels is positioned proximate the electromagnetic forming machine such that the coil surrounds the flanges and is disposed substantially coplanar with a plane formed by the relief areas. The electromagnetic forming machine is activated to generate a magnetic field causing the flanges to bend over.

Abstract: In ventilation and air-conditioning technology, so-called spiral pipes have to be joined together in a tightly sealed manner at widely differing angles, which is generally carried out by segment bends and pipe sections. An improved, durable seal of folded-seam connections is achieved by a flange-like double fold which is arranged at a first pipe end and which is surrounded on the outside at least in part with positive locking and with a continuous metal seal, by a second double fold at the second pipe end.

Abstract: A rivet is inserted into a workpiece by an apparatus that includes an internal roller screw linear actuator in which rotational movement of an internally threaded cylinder is converted into linear movement of a fastener insertion actuator assembly. The cylinder is driven in rotation by a servo-controlled motor. The angular velocity of the cylinder required to deliver the required energy to effect fastener insertion is calculated and the motor is first controlled to accelerate the cylinder up to the calculated angular velocity, the actuator assembly simultaneously being moved by the cylinder towards the workpiece. The motor is then controlled to maintain the angular velocity of the cylinder at not less than the calculated magnitude at least until insertion of the fastener. The cylinder stores kinetic energy by virtue of its inertia. Using this inertia to insert fasteners eliminates the need for position or force feedback control. The process allows for a rapid cycle time and the apparatus is compact.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing metal housings composed of at least two housing parts, in particular for units mounted in commercial vehicles. A corrosion prevention layer composed of zinc or a zinc-containing alloy is applied onto an outwardly facing surface of at least one housing part with a subsequent passivation, and a positive overlapping of an edge of one housing part by the edge of another housing part is effected by way of a relative movement of the housing parts being reciprocally aligned beforehand with regard to a die stamp, which plastically deforms the edge of housing part and/or the edge of the other housing part.

Abstract: The mechanism for adjusting the tilt of an automobile vehicle seat comprising a first flange entirely obtained from a shaped metallic element, a second flange comprising a central part and a peripheral part is disclosed. The internal face of the first flange is opposite the external face of the second flange to guide a rotational movement of the flanges. The retaining face of the first flange is opposite the rear face of the second flange, to retain the second flange in the first flange along the pivot axis.

Abstract: A method for joining components comprises locating a region, such as an end region 24, of a shape memory alloy (SMA) material component 10 adjacent to a further component 12, and generating localized plastic deformation of the aforesaid region to create a joint between the components 10, 12. The localized plastic deformation of the shape memory alloy material component 10 is preferably generated by applying a shock load to the shape memory alloy material component 10.

Abstract: A method for riveting fins into a bottom plate of a heat dissipating device is disclosed. A punching device has a plurality of weights each of which is formed as a thin sheet. The punching device is installed to a fixture; a plurality of fins are spaced with a predetermined gap; and a bottom plate is formed with a plurality of trenches for receiving the fins. The method comprising the step of: positioning the bottom plate at the fixture; inserting the fins into the trenches of the bottom plate; inserting the weights of the punching device into the fins so that each space between two fins has a weight; and punching a backside of the bottom plate by a puncher so that as the bottom plate moves; the weights collide with and deform portions of the bottom plate between the fins to rivet the fins into the bottom plate, firmly securing the fins in the bottom plate.

Abstract: A method for producing an iron-based alloy clip-on wheel balance weight composed of an iron-based alloy weight body and a clip having one end caulking embedded to the weight body. The method includes the following steps: (1) prefabricating the iron-based alloy weight body and the clip, and (2) fixing the clip to the iron-based alloy weight body by caulking the clip to embed in the weight body to form an iron-based alloy clip-on wheel balance weight. The second step is performed in three axes to control positioning of the clip on the weight body.

Abstract: A method of attaching radiopaque markers to an intraluminal medical device frame formed from a shape memory metal or alloy thereof, the process conducted during the shape recovery process of said shape memory metal or alloy thereof.

Abstract: A substrate such as a heat shield for a vehicle is provided with a unitary compressed wire mesh bushing or isolator formed in place though a bore in the substrate. The bushing is formed by supporting an uncompressed or partially compressed wire mesh sleeve, optionally including a grommet or spacer, on a mandrel positioned within the bore; the mandrel is surrounded on either side of the bore by outer sleeves forming a molding cavity on each side of the substrate, and a slidable tamp is disposed in each outer sleeve and moved towards each other to compress the mesh within the bore and provide the unitary bushing.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is described to form and join a short flange on a periphery of a sheet material supported in a nest (30). The apparatus includes a positional pressure forming steel (PPFS) assembly (50) located on the end of a robotic arm (42). The PPFS assembly (50) includes a hub (52) slidably supported in a cylinder (56). At least one tool steel (70, 70?, 70?) is located on an extension (68, 68?) from the hub (52). A biasing element (58) interposed between the cylinder (56) and the hub (52) enables precise control of the forming pressure by defining a tool path control program which maintains a relative relationship between the PPFS assembly (50) and the nest (30).

Abstract: A vehicular door sash includes a sash frame formed by subjecting a predetermined metal sheet to a roll molding process to have a predetermined cross section. The sash frame includes a groove portion for retaining a glass-run channel, a retainer portion for retaining a weather strip, a flange portion that connects the retainer portion and the groove portion and partially forms an outer surface of a door of a vehicle, and a sash molding configured to cover the flange portion. The flange portion has a first configuration in which the flange portion is not covered by the sash molding and a second configuration in which the flange portion is covered and compressed by the sash molding.

Abstract: Modified-profile metal strips, and annular and spiral metal pipes and other products formed from such strips. The strips comprise a plurality of spaced longitudinal ribs of size and transverse location selected to increase the strength of a given thickness or gauge of the strip and the associated strength of a product formed from the strip.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and a device for mounting a fastening element (12, 12?) on a part, e.g. a sheet metal part (13, 13?). Said fastening element comprises an axis of symmetry (18), a head piece (14) with a contact surface (22) that comes in contact with the part (13), a fastening section encompassing a thread (15, 15?), and at least one undercut (24, 82) which accommodates the material of the part. The material of the part is pressed against the contact surface and into the undercut by means of a first tool (26-26???) which is provided with a female die that is suitable for embodying the fastening element.

Abstract: In order to safely and conveniently assemble and service new design spring brake actuators having power springs located in the middle of the actuator, the actuator's rear chamber cover must be able to withstand high localized forces from tools such as power spring compression rods. A reinforcement and method for its installation is provided, in which a plurality of reinforcement plates is stacked on the rear chamber cover about a tool-insertion aperture, and the outermost plate is crimped about the aperture, thereby securing the plates to the rear chamber cover in a cost- and time-efficient manner. Preferably, the lip of the rear chamber cover aperture is stamped when the cover is formed such that the lip protrudes axially outward to help assure that the lip is captured between the crimped reinforcing plate on one side and the remaining reinforcing plates on the other side.

Abstract: Disclosed is a drum-type washing machine having a tub provided therein for storing wash water with an improved structure, the tub including a center tub formed in a hollow cylindrical form for rotatably providing a drum therein; and a back tub including a base plate for covering a rear side of the center tub, a first bending part bent backward from an outline of the base plate, and overlapped on an inner surface of the center tub, and a second bending part bent frontward from the first bending part, and overlapped on an outer circumferential surface of the center tub.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for the attachment of a fastener element to a component, for example a sheet metal part, wherein the fastener element has an axis of symmetry, a head part having a contact surface which enters into contact with the component, a fastening section having a thread and also at least one undercut which receives the material of the component, and wherein the material of the component is pressed against the contact surface and into the undercut by means of a first tool having a die button shape matching the design of the fastener element, are characterized in that a local force is exerted on the head part of the fastener element or onto the tool to the side of the axis of symmetry and is moved circularly around the axis of symmetry while simultaneously carrying out a relative feed movement between the tool and the fastener element between which the component is arranged in order to press the material of the component into the undercut.

Abstract: A security device is described including a bolt and a securement washer through which the bolt is be disposed. The securement washer includes a hole, at least one circumferential groove within the hole, and a C-shaped ring disposed within the circumferential groove. The security device also includes a first end cap with a bolt head receiving well, a first end cap hole through which the shaft of the bolt is disposed, and a first end cap circumferential wall extending above the head of the bolt. The first end cap circumferential wall permits the first end cap to be closed around the head of the bolt. The security device also includes a second end cap with a securement washer receiving well and a second end cap circumferential wall extending above the securement washer. The second end cap circumferential wall permitting the second end cap to be closed around the securement washer.

Abstract: An integrated forming, assembly and inspection system includes a plurality of robotic material conveyors. The integrated system also includes a forming subsystem including sheet metal drawing apparatus, a roller hemming subsystem, and an inspection subsystem. The plurality of robotic material conveyors are operable to convey assembly workpieces to and from the subsystems.

Abstract: Upset forging is utilized to join formed wire (40) to metal tubing (20). The ends (41) of formed wires (40) are passed completely across the width of the tube and heating electrodes (74) positioned only on the side of the tubing (20) from which the ends protrude and only the protruding ends (41) are heated to a plastic state. Back plates (30) are employed about the ends (41) to facilitate the upset forging process. An improved ISOFIX support is provided wherein a wire (40) is mounted across the width of a tube (20) and a bracket (30) placed over the wire (40) in contact with the tube (20) and these components are held together by upset forging the wire ends (41).

Abstract: A sheet fastening apparatus and method are provided. In another aspect of the present invention, a die assembly for forming a joint between sheets of material is disclosed wherein the die assembly includes an anvil, at least one die blade disposed adjacent to and overlapping a punch-side of the anvil, a flexible retainer, and a shield that coaxially and radially surrounds a portion of the anvil and/or die blade.

Abstract: Double-action clinching includes establishing a first layer on a second layer, and securing the layers between a tool's punch and clinching punch. First layer has less ductility than second layer, and clinching punch diameter is smaller than punch diameter. Layers are secured so: a tool support receives a portion of a second layer surface; clinching punch, slidably positioned in the support, is adjacent another portion of the second layer surface; and punch, positioned opposed to clinching punch, is adjacent a portion of a first layer surface. Pressing the punch into the first layer surface portion forms an aperture through the first layer. Pressing the clinching punch, in a direction opposite to the punch pressing, into the other portion of the second layer surface forces portion(s) of the second layer into the aperture, and forms a micro-interlocking flush-back joint between an aperture side wall and the second layer portion(s).

Abstract: An apparatus for the sealing of roof assemblies for a building structure, wherein the apparatus includes a vertically configured roller and a plurality of horizontally configured rollers to simultaneously produce a hook in the female panel edge and seal the male and female edge together is provided. Such an apparatus thus permits the utilization of any type of metal paneling to create the desired roof assembly, with the capability of providing a secure seal to increase the waterproofing and uplift protection potential thereof. The versatility permitted with such an apparatus allows for ease in placement of the targeted metal panels prior to sealing with the aforementioned increase in reliability of the ultimate roof assembly in terms of shear force protection. The method of sealing with such an apparatus is also encompassed within this invention.

Abstract: A closure panel assembly includes an inner and an outer panel, the inner panel having a crimped edge surface feature and a textured surface feature such as a set of radial projections or asperities. Adhesive material is applied between the panels, and the outer panel is hemmed and adhesively bonded to the inner panel. The surface features affix the panels together without induction or intermediate heat curing of the adhesive material. The outer panel has a hemmed edge enclosing the crimped surface feature, with the adhesive material positioned therebetween to form a seal of a relatively low shrinkage rate. A method of forming the closure panel assembly includes forming a first and second surface feature on the inner panel, such as by using swaging and coining, respectively, applying adhesive material therebetween, and hemming the panels to form a hem seam.

Abstract: A device and method is disclosed for manufacturing a band of a desired length with a fastener attached to the band. Generally, metal band material is fed from a spindle on the device until the end of the band material is detected by the device. The device includes a positioning component that places the fastener at the desired location of the band, which is then looped through the fastener. The device then crimps the fastener to the band, positions the band at its desired length, and cuts the band to the desired length.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method to manufacture a wiper blade (10) as well as a device to perform the method and a wiper blade (10) that is manufactured accordingly, wherein the wiper blade (10) features at least a basic body (56) featuring a wiper strip (24) and a supporting element (12). According to the method, the basic body (56) is supposed to be positioned in a holding device (58) in such a way that a clearance (63) remains between the supporting element (12) and holding device (58) at least in areas. The wind deflector strip (44) is gripped, at least one claw (46, 48) formed on the wind deflector strip (44) is threaded on the supporting element (12) and the wind deflector strip (44) is placed over the supporting element (12).

Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for attaching a soft plastic liner within an aerosol can and other cans such as flat top cans. The bag is attached in the can by the method of entrapment, or retention. The liner is typically a thin film plastic material with a thickened bead at the open end. The liner can be made of a polyvinylchloride (PVC) material or a slightly more rigid plastic than PVC. When the dome and body are assembled, there is a cavity or pocket formed, as well as a narrow passage at the bottom of the dome. The thickened bead is entrapped in the cavity and can not pass through the narrow passage, which provides the correct space for the thin film bag.

Abstract: A filter and filter element is provided that incorporates a valve member for preventing priming fluid from contaminating a clean fluid side of the filter or filter element. The filter may incorporate a replaceable filter element or be replaceable itself. The valve member is preferably formed as an annular flange of a grommet mounted to an end cap of the filter element. The annular flange sealingly engages with the end cap and closes a clean fluid outlet port in a relaxed state and opens the clean fluid outlet port in a deformed state.

Abstract: A press tool and method for attaching a seal to a surface are described. The seal attach press tool comprises a contact member having a curved contact surface, e.g., an arced surface. In a process of attaching a seal over an opening on a surface, the curved contact surface of the contact member is rolled over and in contact with the surface of the seal, thereby facilitating bonding the seal to the surface. According to an embodiment, the curved contact surface of the contact member comprises an elastomer and/or is covered with an elastomer pad.

Abstract: A method of making a golf club head includes the steps of: preparing a head body including a front engaging face, a back face, an opening extending through the front engaging face and the back face, a groove extending around the opening and recessed inwardly from the front engaging face, a peripheral edge surrounding the groove, and at least one flange extending along the peripheral edge and protruding away from the front engaging face; mounting a striking plate on the front engaging face to cover the opening; bending the flange toward the striking plate and pressing the flange against the striking plate; joining the striking plate to the head body using a solder; and polishing the head body and the striking plate to remove excess of the flange and the solder.

Abstract: The invention provides a sheet metal joint and a method for forming a sheet metal joint. The sheet metal joint includes first and second metal sheets disposed in a parallel relation to one another. Each of the first and second metal sheets has a plurality of perforations with a tang extending from each perforation. The tangs of the second sheet and the tangs of the second metal sheet are curled together in opposite rotational directions. The tangs of the first metal sheet space the first and second metal sheets from one another and the tangs of the second metal sheet substantially fixedly engage the first and second metal sheets with respect to one another.

Abstract: A torsional vibration damping disk having receiving spaces for spring elements, particularly for bow spring elements, which are each arranged between two limit stop areas in the peripheral direction. In order to create a torsional vibration damping disk, which is producible easily and cost-effectively, the spring elements are each clamped with a slight pretension between two limit stop areas.

Abstract: A method of assembling a carriage assembly is capable of suppressing deformation of spacer portions when suspensions are attached to carriage arms. The method of assembling a carriage assembly aligns fitting holes provided in front end portions of carriage arms and spacer holes provided in spacer portions of suspensions and places the suspensions onto the carriage arms, and then presses a ball with a diameter equal to or greater than an inner diameter of the spacer holes with a pressure-applying member to pass the ball through the spacer holes, thereby crimping spacer hole edge portions of the spacer portions and attaching the suspensions to the front end portions of the carriage arms. By applying ultrasonic vibration from two axial directions to the pressure-applying member, the pressure-applying member is caused to vibrate on a two-dimensional movement path on a predetermined plane and passes the ball through the spacer holes while causing the ball to rotate.

Abstract: A method for placing a functional element, especially a fastening element, in an especially liquid-tight and/or gastight manner, on a metal part. In this method a functional element provided with a hollow head segment is pressed against the metal part (212) witch is supported by a die (214). The metal material is deformed into an undercut (324) by deforming the head segment when simultaneous deformation of the hollow head segment occurs and the metal part is shaped in a forming area defined by parts (216) of the die (214). The parts (216) are kept in a stationary position during the forming process but are partially removed from the die to enable the functional element which is placed on the metal part (212) to be extracted. The invention also relates to a die, a functional element, an assembly element and a die arrangement.

Abstract: A method is used for assembling a cycle frame which includes a number of male members each having one or more male fitting elements, and a number of female members each having one or more female fitting elements, the male members may be frozen in such as a liquid nigrogen to contract the male fitting element before the male fitting elements are engaged into the female fitting elements, or the female members may be heated in such as a high frequency furnace to expand the female fitting elements before the male fitting elements are engaged and assembled into the female fitting elements, for allowing the parts to be assembled together without latches, fasteners, adhesive materials or welding seams.

Abstract: A central connecting device (36) for a flat blade style wiper blade assembly (20) includes a plastic intermediate base (38) that is fixed, such as by ultrasonic welding, to a pair of flexors (26) extending the length of the wiper blade assembly (20). The intermediate base (38) includes a recessed deck section (42) for receiving a metallic housing (54). The housing (54) is heat-staked in position to the intermediate base (38) to secure the two elements together as an integral unit. A rivet (78) extends transversely across the sidewalls (58) of the housing (54) for adjoining to a universal connector (82) or other suitable adaptor or by direction connection to the end of a wiper arm.