Abstract: An assembled shaft, especially a camshaft, crankshaft or driveshaft, consisting of a tubular member and individually slid-on driving elements attached in an essentially force-locking way by hydraulically expanding the tube in portions, with an increased torsional strength, is produced in that between each two driving elements there is slid-on a sleeve which has a diameter greater than that of the tubular member and which comprises collar regions guided on the tubular member, with the collar regions extending underneath the driving elements along half the axial length and being clamped-in in an essentially force-locking way between the tubular member and the driving element.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for repairing a subsea pipeline. The improved apparatus includes a forming tool having a body, a resilient sleeve surrounding the body, means for delivering fluid under pressure through the body to the interior of the resilient sleeve, a frame, an arm connected to the body of the forming tool and connected to a pressure responsive actuator supported from said frame to extend and retract the forming tool, a collet connector supported from said forming tool, a forming sleeve, the frame having means for supporting itself on the sea bottom, said collet connector being initially connected to said forming sleeve, means for controlling the supply of fluid under pressure to opposite sides of said actuator, means for injecting a fluid from said body into the space within said annular connecting means, and means on said frame for connecting lines thereto.

Abstract: The present invention includes a system and a method for attaching the end of a tube of a plastically deformable material such as titanium to a hard metal fitting in a manner that can provide the resulting tube joint with increased strength and fatigue resistance. In the method the tube and fitting are assembled by inserting the tube into the end of a bore in the fitting. A radial force is exerted against a predetermined axial length of the tube wall, and thus also against the fitting, to plastically deform the tube wall radially into plural, axially spaced, circumferential grooves in the fitting bore. While this radial force is being exerted, a die restrains the fitting, causing it to deform elastically more near the end of the fitting bore than near the end of the tube. In the resulting tube joint the fitting applies residual circumferential stresses to the tube that are larger near the end of the fitting bore, and this stress distribution increases the fatigue resistance of the tube joint.

Abstract: A method of lining a main fluid conduit 1 having a branch conduit 2 and apparatus for use in the main conduit includes a carrier 7 which is longitudinally displacable in the conduit 1. A portion 9 of the carrier is rotatable above a longitudinal axis and carries a scissors-type extendible linkage 10 having a platform 11. By rotation of the portion 9, displacement of the carrier 7, and extension of the linkage 10, service structure on the platform 11 can be maneuvered to be located in the branch conduit 2. The service structur=e may be a water jet cutter or a locating member 15 having a chamber which is expandible by fluid pressure to engage the sides of the conduit 2 and be retained therein. The locating member 15 includes a metallic part which a metal detector can detect through a lining which is fitted in the main conduit 1 to determine the position at which a port has to be cut in the lining to coincide with the branch conduit 2.

Abstract: A tube assembly is formed by placing a sleeve member over an end portion of a tube and then placing the tube and sleeve in a die. A movable punch is then pressed against a projecting end portion of the tube thereby forming a radially extending double upset flange integrally with the sleeve member. The sleeve member has contact surfaces against which a substantial portion of the radially extending double upset flange conforms. A portion of the outer surface of the tube, and the entire surface of a compound curved fillet extending from the outer surface of the tube to a radially outwardly extending surface of the flange also conform to the sleeve member.

Abstract: A structure is provided for mounting the expander rods of a mechanical tube expander. The mounting structure comprises a slide plate which can be moved between a first position in which the expander rods are in locked condition and a second position in which the expander rods are in unlocked condition.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a push rod (10) for a brake booster. The push rod (10) has a stem (12) connected to a head (14). Head (14) is formed from a blank (30) by first machining an axial cavity (36) in an end 34 in a cylindrical body and then fine blanking an axial projection (46) on the other end (32). Thereafter, the depth of the cavity (36) is finalized and an opening (52) drilled along the central axis of the blank (30) to produce the head (14). On insertion of the stem (12) in the opening (52) the push rod (10) is produced.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a fuel manifold designed to supply fuel to a number of fuel injectors includes forming the end of each of a number of cup shaped fittings into a rod having an axial hole, forming on an elongated semifinished metal part a series of seats for the aforementioned rods, inserting the rods inside the seats an permanently deforming the rods against the respective seats for securing the fittings to the semifinished metal part.

Abstract: A bushing, disposed on an inner mandrel, is pressed into a deep drilled blind bore by an outer mandrel, to establish the longitudinal position of the bushing. The inner mandrel has a spherical end portion which is withdrawn through the bushing inner diameter to establish the desired finished diameter. After pressing the bushing into the bore, both inner and outer mandrels are removed. The shaft can then be installed in an apparatus, such as a transmission, and a fluid conducting tube can be readily supported in the bushing.

Abstract: Ladder constructions and methods of forming the same wherein box-type or tubular rails are employed. The rung-to-rail connection or joint is formed by providing an opening in one of the rail side walls and an aligned clearance hole in the opposite rail side wall to afford an opening through which a swaging tool is projected and forms an annulus in tight engagement into the inner surfaces surrounding the opening in the first named rail side wall, cooperating swaging means forming an annulus on the outer surfaces surrounding the said opening. A ladder having tubular side rails is hence provided with a rail-to-rung joint on one of the walls by projecting a swaging tool through a clearance hole in an opposite wall. The clearance hole is adapted to be closed by placing a plug in the same and in the event the clearance hole is in the innermost side rail the rung is adapted to be used to close the space provided by the opening in the rail between the rung and one of the side rails.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat-exchanger (10) incorporating circulation tubes (16) for conducting a first heat-transfer medium, end plates (12), and surface-enlarging plate-like fins (14) secured to the outer peripheral surfaces of the circulation tubes and arranged to be contacted with a second heat-transfer medium, the fins being firmly secured to a plurality of circulation tube sections, which extend through registering holes (18) formed in the fins (14). The fins are secured to the tube sections by expanding the tubes so as to enlarge the periphery thereof. The contact surfaces of the fins about the inside periphery of the holes (18) which engage against the circulation tubes (16) are cylindrical and extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the circulation tubes over at least a greater part of the axial extent of the holes, which affords stable attachment and good heat-transfer properties.

Abstract: To repair a corroded region of the end of a heat exchanger tube, a sleeve is inserted, then expanded into the tube both in the area of the tube sheet and beyond the corroded area, then local welds are made in each of the expanded regions. Thereafter, the end of the sleeve is expanded against the tube in a region inside the tube sheet and above the local weld.

Abstract: The invention is a close out fitting for installing in a structural element, the structural element having a port extending from a first surface to a second surface thereof, the port countersunk at both ends, and a method of installing the closeout fitting. In detail, the fitting comprises a hollow, tubular sleeve having a flared first end, a flarable second end and internal threads therebetween. The fitting further comprises a plug having a head portion and a shank portion attached to the head portion with the shank portion having external threads.

Abstract: A method of making a pulley with a number of V-shaped grooves, especially having a stepped shape, comprises a rim or rims and a core which are separately formed by an appropriate plastic process and are fixed or connected fixedly to each other by a metallurgical or mechanical processing. According to one embodiment, a short pipe-shaped blank is rolled to produce a rim with a number of V-shaped grooves, and thereafter the rim or rims is fixed to a core by the action of the rolling to interfit serrations on the rim and core.

Abstract: An insulated blind rivet mounting arrangement in an aperture in a wall including a blind rivet having a tubular rivet member and a actuating rod that is disposed within the tubular member and is adapted for axial withdrawal therefrom; an insulating sheath made of non-electrically conductive material positioned over said tubular rivet member; and said blind rivet actuating rod being removable from said tubular rivet member for expanding the tubular rivet member and insulating sheath into tight interfitting relation with each other within the wall aperture. Alternative embodiments are disclosed in which one or more coaxially disposed tubular flanged members are utilized to complete the mounting, with the insulating sheath being effective to thermally and electrically insulate the tubular rivet member. The insulating sheath, which preferably is made of a resilient plastic material, also is effective for creating a substantially vibration-free mounting within the wall aperture.

Abstract: In order to prevent a probe (2) used for expanding tubes (1) in portions from having an uneven effect due to its eccentric position in a tube which is not completely straight, the probe given a slightly flexible design is provided with centering rings (11, 13) which flexibly rest on both the inner face of the tube and on the probe member. The flexible parts (7) of seals limiting the operational regions (8), along their circumference, then evenly and simultaneously contact the inner wall of the tube. Several designs for the centering rings are possible. To facilitate their introduction into the tube, the process of introduction is accompanied by a process of lubricating the inner tube parts, a process which improves sliding and for which the hydraulic fluid required in any case may be used.

Abstract: Heat exchanger tubing has failure rates due to inlet end related problems in the 85-90% range. Such failures are normally limited to the first three to six inches of the tube inlet ends. The present method eliminates the problem without relining, removing, or sealing the tubes. The tube ends are first inspected and the condition of the inlet areas of the tubing determined. If the ends are eroded or corroded, the tube ends are cleaned down to the metal. Then a metallurgically compatible insert is installed in the damaged end and controllably roller-expanded to eliminate any end step at the downstream end as well as to prevent over expansion of the damaged tube and insert. The input end of the insert is flared to the existing inlet tube profile, thereby restoring the damaged area. This process eliminates totally replacing or relining the existing tubes. If erosion is severe, a bushing is inserted between the insert and the tube end and they are roller-expanded together.

Abstract: A method of joining a tube to a flange or wall member includes the steps of moving a plurality of circumferentially spaced workpiece contact surfaces into controlled pressure contact with the inner surface of a tube and maintaining a force against the inner tube surface sufficient to form an outer surface of the tube to a predetermined shape with respect to an opening surrounding the tube. The apparatus for expanding the tube has a plurality of radially movable segments, each of which have a pair of circumferentially offset and longitudinally spaced workpiece contact surfaces disposed thereon. The method and apparatus advantageously expands a tube by an amount sufficient to form a secure mechanical joint with a flange or wall member irrespective of nominal variations in the tube diameter and wall thickness. Furthermore, the method and apparatus form a uniformly smooth finish on the internal surface of the tube thereby eliminating the need for post-forming treatments to remove undesirable surface particles.

Abstract: A method of fastening, at least one tubular element at, at least one portion thereof to an at least one member of predetermined thickness, the method comprising establishing at least one opening through the at least one member, the at least one opening extending through the thickness of the at least one member, providing recesses within the at least one member, the recesses of predetermined configuration and being disposed about the perimeter of the at least one opening through the at least one member, the recesses extending radially away from the at least one opening and across at least a portion of the thickness of the at least one member, inserting the at least one tubular element within the at least one opening; holding the at least one tubular element and the at least one member within a jig; establishing recesses within the jig proximate each abutting edge of each of the tubular elements and the at least one opening through the at least one member; applying a predetermined force upon the ends of the at

Abstract: An improved tubular joint including an inner tubular member, an outer tubular member having a central bore therethrough, a counterbore extending from the open end of the counterbore and terminating in a shoulder between the counterbore and the central bore, and internal threads on the outer end of the counterbore, a sleeve positioned within the counterbore, a retainer ring threaded into the counterbore threads and retaining the sleeve within the counterbore, ribs on the interior of the sleeve and a seal between the exterior of the sleeve and the interior of the counterbore so that pressure forming of the inner tubular member forms it into tight gripping and sealing engagement with the sleeve and the sleeve is sealed within the outer tubular member to form a completed improved tubular joint.

Abstract: Camshaft assemblies are disclosed with methods for making them by the expansion of tubular shafts into prelocated cams, journals and other elements, if desired. Features of the camshafts include trilobe or polylobe element openings, preferably splined or serrated for low energy filling and high torque capacity and High Strength Low Alloy mild steel tubular shaft material.

Abstract: To an elongate body (1) having preferably an adjustable length, seals (2, 3) are fixed. The seals comprise a skirt (22) forming a crown which surrounds a body portion at a small distance from the surface thereof, the skirt being made of a material having a flexibility sufficient to be slightly reduced in diameter when the tool is introduced into a tubular element to be expanded. The skirts of the two seals may be interconnected, thus outwardly delimiting an internal ring-shaped chamber (20) intended to receive an expansion fluid.

Abstract: A composite pipe is proposed which is comprised of an aluminum pipe and a lead pipe formed in the aluminum pipe in direct contact with the inner wall of the aluminum pipe. The composite pipe is produced by supplying a lead pipe to a continuous aluminum extrusion machine which can extrude while enveloping along object, to form an aluminum pipe on the outer periphery of the lead pipe. A heat pipe using the composite pipe is also proposed.

Abstract: A furnace heat exchanger and support plate assembly are joined together by a cooperating substantially elliptical rim defining an opening in the heat exchanger and an opening formed by a mating flange on a partition plate and extending perpendicular to the plane of the plate. The flange and the partition plate is inserted in the opening in the heat exchanger unit and expanded radially outward with respect to the central longitudinal axis of the openings by a multiple jaw expander mechanism which is inserted through the opening in the plate into the interior of the heat exchanger. The expander includes radially and axially moveable jaws comprising plural jaw segments which are engaged by an axially moveable mandrel. The number of jaws in the expander is sufficient to form a substantially leakproof seal between the exchanger unit and the support plate assembly in a single expander operation through a single bending sequence.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved well structure and the method of connecting the support ring to the well string within the well bore which includes the steps of lowering the support ring into the well bore in surrounding relationship to the well string and into seated position in the housing seat, lowering a pressure forming tool through the well string to the level of the support ring, pressurizing the tool to form the well string into tight secured and sealed relationship within the support ring and recovering the tool from the well string. The tool includes a means of increasing the pressure used in the forming process without subjecting the interior of the string along its full length to such forming pressure. The structure includes a support ring with an exterior shoulder for engaging the seat within the housing, a sealing profile of a plurality of internal grooves each of which is partially filled with pressure compensating material and a gripping profile of a plurality of gripping teeth.

Abstract: A unitary assembly of tubing and an end fitting. The end fitting comprises a threaded fastener fitting having a tubular bore extending therethrough. An undercut annular groove is coaxially provided in the wall portion of the tubular bore which is spaced apart from the end of the fitting. The opening of the tubular bore at the end of the fitting is provided with an undercut counterbore. The end of the tubing is inserted through the opening and into the tubular bore until it engages a stop formed by a reduced diameter portion of the tubular bore at the axially inward end of the undercut annular groove. A ball mandrel is inserted through the opening at the other end of the tubular bore to engage and force the end portion of the tube into the undercut annular groove. A braze ring is inserted into the undercut counterbore the latter of which allows a braze fillet to form during the brazing operation.

Abstract: A method of brazing of an outer carbon steel shell to an inner stainless steel shell, in which a stainless steel sheet material of the inner shell is rolled up with an overlap and arranged with a clearance inside the outer shell, braze material is placed in the clearance, walls of the rolled sheet material of the inner shell are forced to the inner surface of the outer shell, longitudinal edges of the sheet material of the inner shell are weld-joined to form the inner shell, air is evacuated from the clearance, and ends of the outer and inner shells are joined by circular vacuum-tight corner welds, one leg of which extends radially and has a length equal to at least one thickness of the inner shell, whereas the length of the other leg, which extends longitudinally, is equal to at least twice the thickness of the wall of the inner shell and said inner and outer shells are brazed in a furnace forming after cooling a bimetallic cylindrical article.

Abstract: A system and method for improving the seal integrity and useful life of tubing and casing strings fills the volume between the nose ends of facing tubing sections and the collar to which they are mutually joined with a temperature and corrosion resistant element having a smooth interior surface substantially flush with the inner diameter of the tubing or casing. During makeup of each successive section of the drill string, a center fill tool including an expansible tubular element is seated below the coupling area to be self-retained, by the use of pressure expansion of a cylindrical surface. A precise amount of a curable material is inserted into the volume bounded by the nose ends and the collars (the so-called "J area") and while the material is still flowable the coupling is made up by threading in of the next tubular element.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for expanding copper and aluminum tubes in either compression expansion or tension expansion which is adjustable to expand different configurations of coils on row at a time.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for securing one or more parts, each of which is provided with an opening, to a hollow member. In the starting state, the inner diameter of the opening of the parts is greater than the outer diameter of the surface provided on the hollow member for securing the part. The parts are placed in the prescribed position on the hollow member prior to the securing operation. In order in a simple and economical manner to reliably secure the parts to the hollow member without the danger of overstressing the latter, and without the danger that the parts will loosen, a temperature difference is produced, prior to placing the parts on the hollow member, by heating the parts and/or by cooling the hollow member. Subsequently, each part is secured to the hollow member by widening the latter at least in the securing regions thereof, and by a subsequent shrink fitting of the parts onto the hollow member as a consequence of the temperature equalization that occurs.

Abstract: A controller for an apparatus for installing a mechanical tube plug includes a controller having a controller console remote from the tube installation site and a solenoid assembly located proximate to that site. The console includes switches and indicators for providing a rotation control signal to the apparatus. The solenoid assembly includes a circuit for receiving a torque indication signal from the apparatus and an alarm circuit for setting the torque at a predetermined upper limit in response to a signal input at said controller console. The circuit operates to terminate rotation control and disable the apparatus when said limit is reached. Other features of the controller are also disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for improving the seal integrity and useful life of tubing and casing strings fills the volume between the nose ends of facing tubing sections and the collar to which they are mutually joined with a temperature and corrosion resistant element having a smooth interior surface substantially flush with the inner diameter of the tubing or casing. During makeup of each successive section of the drill string, a center fill tool including an expansible tubular element is seated below the coupling area to be self-retained, by the use of pressure expansion of a cylindrical surface. A precise amount of a curable material is inserted into the volume bounded by the nose ends and the collars (the so-called "J area") and while the material is still flowable the coupling is made up by threading in of the next tubular element.

Abstract: A tube fitting assembly includes a tube and first and second threaded fitting members with first and second lateral shoulders, respectively. A plurality of deformed areas, shown as two in number, are provided from the wall of the tube by axial compression. This establishes first and second beads with at least the second bead being an annular bead to cooperate with the second shoulder. When the two fitting members are threaded together, this axially compresses the plural beads so that a seal is formed between the second annular bead and the second shoulder on the second fitting member. The large extent to which the deformed areas may be axially compressed assures a good fluidtight seal despite the variable amount of torque applied to the fitting members. The foregoing abstract is merely a resume of one general application, is not a complete discussion of all principles of operation or applications, and is not to be construed as a limitation on the scope of the claimed subject matter.

Abstract: A soldering structure of a tubular material for soldering one end portion of a tubular material to an auxiliary plate with a soldering material coated thereto, wherein the plane auxiliary plate is formed therein with a communicating hole for allowing the tubular material to be inserted therein, one end portion of the tubular material is inserted into the communicating hole and temporarily secured to the auxiliary plate through a deformation of the auxiliary plate at the end portion of the tubular material or the peripheral area of the communicating hole before soldering, thereby to close one end of a space between the peripheral surface of the tubular material and the inner wall of the communicating hole, the space allowing the soldering material melted to be pooled therein during soldering, and the tubular material and auxiliary plate being soldered when the melted soldering material pooled in the space is hardened.

Abstract: A cylindrical sensor for the sectional expansion of hollow shafts by exerting fluid pressure includes a sensor body to be disposed in a hollow shaft. The sensor body has an end and includes a sensor surface having sections corresponding to sections of the hollow shaft to be expanded. The sensor body has an outer hollow cylinder with substantially radial bores formed therein. The bores discharge partly in the sections of the sensor surface and the bores have inner ends. The sensor body has an inner cylinder onto which the outer hollow cylinder is forced. The outer hollow cylinder has an inner cylindrical surface and the inner cylinder has an outer cylindrical surface. At least one of the cylindrical surfaces has at least two longitudinal grooves formed therein communicating with the inner ends of the radial bores and forming inflow lines and drain lines for pressure fluid extending from the end of the sensor body.

Abstract: A method of producing a lined Hume pipe wherein an inner surface of a Hume pipe having a large-diameter socket at one end thereof and a spigot at the other end is covered with a synthetic resin pipe.

Abstract: A single-station tube expander apparatus bells and expands the open ends of heat exchanger hairpin tubes in a plate-fin heat exchanger unit. A frame supports belling jaw fingers which close over and the open ends of the tubes so that a belling device can enter the tube ends to urge the tube outward into a profile surface formed in the mating faces of the fingers. Also on the frame are mounted expander jaw fingers which close over tube ends which have been belled previously, and hold the associated hairpin tubes against axial movement while expander rods pass into the associated tube legs to urge the hairpin tube legs outward to contact against the fin plates and tube sheets of the fin pack heat exchanger. The belling fingers and belling device move step by step from one tube to another, and the expander gripping fingers and expander rods follow the belling fingers and belling device.

Abstract: A method for tension expanding a plate fin heat exchanger to provide a heat exchanger with bells of the same form and dimension and then expanding the tube into contact with the tube sheets and hairpin tubes while the bells are clamped to prevent the hairpin tubes from moving.

Abstract: Axially spaced cams and bearing rings mounted on a tube are permanently secured to the tube by circumferentially spaced projections on the tube extending into grooves formed on the inside surfaces of the cams and bearing rings.

Abstract: An installation system for securing workpieces of composite type materials and including a fastener adapted to be located in aligned bores in such workpieces with a preselected interference fit, with the fastener comprising a pin having an elongated shank, an enlarged head and enlarged diameter smooth shank section adjacent the pin head, and further having a threaded section extending from the smooth shank section to a breakneck groove located in the shank to define a frangible portion at its free end, the breakneck groove adapted to fracture at a preselected axial load of generally low magnitude, a thin gauged expansion sleeve having an inside diameter less than the diameter of the smooth shank section, the sleeve having an outside diameter permitting the assembly of the sleeve into the workpiece bores with a snug fit, the breakneck groove having an axial strength at least equal to the maximum axial load required to pull the pin member fully into the sleeve with the smooth pin shank section expanding the sle

Abstract: A flexibly programmable belling and tension expanding device for plate fin heat exchanger coils is carried on a shuttle or carriage that moves between first and second work stations. An operator assembles a fin plate heat exchanger unit at a work table at one work station while the device automatically bells and expands the hairpin tubes of another unit at a second station. When assembly is complete, the operator signals a programmable controller, and the shuttle brings the device to the one coil after it completes the expanding of the other, and it commences an automatic expanding operation. Then the operator removes the expanded coil and assembles another coil at the second station while the device is belling and coiling at the one station.

Abstract: A composite male hose coupler comprising a metallic tail piece and an integral plastic nut, and a method of manufacture thereof, are disclosed. The metallic tail piece is formed of annealed brass and includes a cylindrical portion terminating in a radial flange portion disposed generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical portion. The plastic nut is formed with a lip portion molded around the entire peripheral margin of the flange portion of said tail piece, and a cylindrical portion disposed oppositely from the tail piece. The outer surface of the cylindrical portion of the plastic nut is provided with threads.

Abstract: A process for the repair by lining of a tube (12) of a steam generator, and a lining for such repair. The lining (15) is introduced into the tube (12), is rolled in the tube (12) inside the tube plate (11) and radially expanded through rolling of its end part (18) located in the tube (12) outside the tube plate (11). Leak-proofing is ensured by brazing the end part (18) of the lining in the tube (12). In its end zone (18), the lining (15) has slots filled with brazing metal and grooves coaxial with the lining (15), which make it easier for the brazing metal to spread. The invention applies particularly to the steam generators of pressurized water nuclear reactors.

Abstract: Individually produced cams and journals are fastened to a hollow tube to form a camshaft by outwordly deforming the tube with a lost mandrel which is left in the tube to form a seal.

Abstract: In a rotary tube locking mechanism, the rotary tube itself is bent to form a controlled bulge. The guide plate cooperates with this controlled bulge to provide an anti-racking function.

Abstract: A pipe connection for thin-walled, small-diameter metal pipes, in particular for braking lines, for fuel lines, and for hydraulic lines for motor vehicles, is provided with a sleeve (3) into which is sealingly set at least one first conically flared metal pipe (1) (so-called flare according to ISO 4038) in a bore cone (25) under the compression force of a tensioning body (8, respectively, 9) resting against the flare (23).In order to provide a pipe connection without screw parts and taking into account the narrow assembly or mounting quarters and in order to achieve a satisfactory sealing effect for the full duration of the operation of the connection, it is proposed to employ a sleeve (12) with an axially fixed annular channel (18). A radially partially thin-walled pressure bushing (15) is shifted onto the first metal pipe (1) up to resting at the flare (23).

Abstract: The process comprises introducing the tubes in the form of horizontal layers (the generator can be positioned horizontally for this purpose), installing anti-vibratory bars on the layers, placing weights on the bars and checking the clearances between the tubes and the bars, so that the tubes falling outside the accepted tolerances can be replaced. This is followed by the installation of the layer of tubes immediately above it. This procedure is repeated until all the layers have been installed. The invention is used in the steam generators of nuclear power stations.

Abstract: An improved tube and fin heat exchanger and a method and apparatus for making the same is disclosed. The heat exchanger includes spaced end sheets and a stack of plate fins positioned therebetween. Hairpin tubes extend through the end plates and the stack of fins. The tubes are initially sized to loosely fit through the end sheets and fins and are expanded into tight heat exchange engagement therewith during manufacture. The end sheets are accurately positioned a fixed distance apart by a method and apparatus in which the end sheets are held a fixed distance apart during the expansion of the tubes. The bent ends of the hairpin tubes are moved upwardly through the adjacent end sheet and the fins ahead of the expansion bullets to compensate for the shortening of the tubes created by the expansion operation.

Abstract: Camshaft assemblies, methods and apparatus are provided for making camshafts by the expansion of tubular shafts into prelocated cams, journals and other elements, if desired. Features of the camshafts include trilobe or polylobe element openings, preferably splined or serrated for low energy filling and high torque capacity and High Strength Low Alloy mild steel tubular shaft material. The method emphasizes trapping, or loading, the shaft of prevent axial lengthening during expansion such as by mechanical ballizing. The apparatus includes adjustable thrust blocks and locating plungers with incorporated flush pin gages together with hydraulic or other loading means all for use in carrying out the assembly method with various benefits from the incorporated features.

Abstract: A modified metal roof vent, selected from several available types, however, not having a base, but having a cylindrical body, having in turn an open top end and an open bottom end, an inside entry circular recess structure, positioned above this open bottom, and a weather cover secured at a spaced distance above the open top end, is fitted with a lead base, which has portions of this lead base inserted upwardly inside the cylindrical body and then moved radially outwardly to complementary fit the inside entry circular recess structure of the modified metal roof vent, completing the roof vent having a lead base, and a machine for manufacturing this vent, and methods for making this vent, and optionally including a weather sealant material placed between the cylindrical body and the complementary formed portions of the lead base at the locale of the inside entry circular recess structure of this vent.