Abstract: A pliers tool (01) includes a hosting pliers that attaches to and manipulates a separate, principal use pliers (02) wherein the hosting pliers has as a first receiver and a first retainer as facilitated by a PLBA (50) that is connected to a first frontward ply (24a). The PLBA (50) is configured to receive and retain to a ply assembly of the hosting pliers a handle of the principal use pliers (02).

Abstract: An orthodontic tool includes a trimmer having a lever, a base, and a spring positioned between the lever and the base. A first substantially transversely extending portion extends from the lever and a second substantially transversely extending portion extends from the base. A cutting surface is associated with each transversely extending portion. The orthodontic tool also includes a tool set having at least two arms coupled together at one end by a fastener and the arms including two or more of a sanding tool, a hook, and a pick.

Abstract: A gardening shears includes a shank having an elongated groove, a first handle connected to the bottom end of the shank, a first shear blade having a first blade portion and a first shank portion with top end connected to the bottom end of the first blade portion, a second handle connected to the bottom end of the first shank portion, and a second shear blade having a second blade portion and a second shank portion with top end connected to the bottom end of the second blade portion. The first shank portion has an axle assembly located in the elongated groove. The second shank portion is pivotably connected with the first shank portion and the shank by first and second pivot members respectively. When the handles are opened or closed, the axle assembly moves along the elongated groove to change the torque on the handles to save effort.

Abstract: A power tool includes an outer housing having a drive unit support portion and a handle portion, an inner housing positioned at least partially within the outer housing, and a drive unit positioned in the drive unit support portion, the drive unit including an output member. The power tool also includes a power screw mechanism with a nut fixed relative to the outer housing and a screw coupled for co-rotation with the output member and axially movable relative to the output member. The screw is in threaded engagement with the nut such that the screw moves axially in response to rotation of the screw relative to the nut. The power tool also includes a working assembly coupled to the inner housing for movement in response to axial movement of the screw.

Abstract: A hand tool having hinged nipping or cutting blades and handles that are squeezed to effect the cutting or nipping action, at least one of the handles being profiled in cross section to accept and retain a slide-on cushion.

Abstract: A pressing handle member of garden shears has two symmetric pressing handle elements sandwiching a separator. The separator and the pressing handle elements each respectively have a shaft aperture and a first pivot aperture. The separator has an anvil. A blade member is inserted in a first slot of the separator and pivoted onto a bolt that is disposed through the shaft aperture. Two connecting members are slidably coupled to an adjusting slot in the blade member. The gripping member has two symmetric handle elements sandwiching an assembly member. Each handle element has a second pivot aperture; a pin is placed through the second pivot apertures and the first pivot apertures of the pressing handle member. The gripping member also has a second through aperture and a joint is placed through the second through aperture and the connecting apertures of the connecting members.

Abstract: Hand tool and method of manufacturing and using same. The hand tool includes a tool mount including at least one heim joint that removably receives thereon a tool head assembly. The heim joint and tool head assembly cooperate to provide the hand tool with a multi-directional, variable angle of attack on a work piece in a manner that accommodates aged, arthritic and otherwise handicapped people having a limited range of arm, wrist and hand movement.

Abstract: Precision tool and process for making the same. The tool includes two prongs adapted to be associated with each other. Each prong (2, 2?) including a grip portion (4, 4?) and a cutting or bending portion (5, 5?). Each prong (2, 2?) is associated with the other prong so as to move the cutting or bending portion from a working position, in which the cutting or bending portions (5, 5?) contact each other, to a rest position, in which the cutting or bending portions are spaced apart from each other at at least one section thereof. Each cutting or bending portion includes at least one support portion (3, 3?) and at least one operating portion (7, 7?). Each operating portion includes at least one cutting blade or bending portion. Coupling elements are present for removably coupling at least one operating portion with at least one support portion.

Abstract: A nipper includes two crossing levers movably connected at a joint, each lever has a finished distal portion with a blade, an unfinished proximal portion, and a coil-spring connector at a junction of the distal and proximal portions. A hollow coil spring has ends each connected to a respective connector and visually covering the proximal portion thereof. A method for manufacturing the nipper includes providing the levers with a nipper blade at the finished distal portion, the unfinished proximal portion at a proximal end of the distal portion, and the coil-spring connector at a junction of the distal and proximal portions. The two levers are movably connected at the joint to form a nipper with the blades. The proximal portion of each lever is visually covered by sliding each end of the coil spring over the respective proximal portion and securing each end thereof at the respective coil-spring connector.

Abstract: A cutting apparatus for opening a sealed package has a first arm partially enclosing a first blade that is at least partially juxtaposable against a second arm having a cutting surface. The two arms can be injection molded as a single piece of plastic or comprise two separate pieces coupled to a pivot. Preferably, the cutting surface comprises a raised portion at least partially enclosing a hard anvil.

Abstract: A shock absorbing anvil pruner/lopper comprises a cutting blade and a shock absorbing anvil member with a compound action tang. The anvil member includes a liner member for engagement with the blade and a shock absorber in relation to the liner member, whereupon on engagement of the blade with the liner member during a cutting operation, the shock absorber will compress or otherwise absorb some of the force, providing for less physical shock being transmitted to the user through the pruner/lopper handles.

Abstract: Garden shears that avoid loosening of a shaft pin has shears having overlapped first and second cutting members, the first cutting member and second cutting member respectively connected to a first handle and a second handle. The first and second cutting members are secured with the shaft set. The shaft set has a threaded shaft pin, a washer, a threaded securing member and at least two engaging members. when the shears are assembled with the shaft set, the threaded securing member respectively has one engaging member on each side, and the engaging teeth of the threaded securing member engage with the two engaging members to prevent the threaded securing member from loosening due to the repeated opening and closing movements of the shears, and which can improve the smoothness of the operation of the shears and increase both safety and convenience.

Abstract: A cutting tool comprises a first cutting edge and a second cutting edge movable into engagement with one another. The first cutting edge comprises an edge tip extending along at least a portion of the cutting edge. The edge tip has a geometry that lowers the cutting force required to cut hard articles and minimizes damage to the cutting edge. The edge tip has a flat end face defining a first edge and a second edge. A first side face extends from the first edge and a second side face extends from the second edge where the first side face and the second side face extend at an angle relative to one another such that the first side face and the second side face diverge as they extend away from the flat end face.

Abstract: A cutter for cutting a member has a first jaw and a second jaw mounted relative to each other to articulate along a range of motion between an open condition and a closed condition. The jaws are configured to provide a shearing action cutting between the first jaw and the second jaw on a first side of the member and an opposite shearing action cutting on an opposite second side of the member. In a single stroke cutting method the edges come together. They may be at an angle off-parallel to each other or oppositely stepped and intersecting in superposition. With centrally recessed edges, there may be opposite bypass cutting on opposite sides of the member. In a central region between the first side and the second side, there may be no bypass (e.g., approach being more conventional non-bypass cleaving).

Abstract: A multi-function blade-and-anvil type cutting tool that uses standard type razor blades includes a blade-and-anvil section connected to a first handle portion and a non-tool blade holder and a blade clamp assembly connected to a second handle portion. The standard blades are able to be changed with out tools when the first and second handle portions are moved from a first open position to a second open position to allow the blade holder and the clamp assembly to pivot with one another causing a screw and O-ring latch to move away from a latching slot in the second handle portion. This movement positions the razor blade between the screw and O-ring latch and a blade clamp guide element for easy removal. Each handle portion having a gripping cover disposed thereon. One of the handle portions has a sliding storage tray disposed therein for storing replacement razor blades.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a pair of handles in which each handle comprises a tab extending from a top of the handle. The handles are rotatably joined at the tabs. A two-piece fulcrum transfers a force from the pair of handles. Each piece comprises a bottom portion for rotatably joining to a one of the handles, a top portion and an arm extending from the piece for rotatably joining the pieces. A two-piece head forms a craw in which each piece comprises a bottom portion rotatably joined to the top portion of fulcrum and a blade having an indentation for engaging an anchor bolt of a floor toilet. A pivot point lever rotatably joins the pieces, generally aligns the blades and transfers forces from the fulcrum to a cutting force on the bolt where a length of the bolt can be cut while mitigating damage to a thread of the anchor bolt.

Abstract: A cutting tool comprises a first cutting edge and a second cutting edge movable into engagement with one another. The first cutting edge comprises an edge tip extending along at least a portion of the cutting edge. The edge tip has a geometry that lowers the cutting force required to cut hard articles and minimizes damage to the cutting edge. The edge tip has a flat end face defining a first edge and a second edge. A first side face extends from the first edge and a second side face extends from the second edge where the first side face and the second side face extend at an angle relative to one another such that the first side face and the second side face diverge as they extend away from the flat end face.

Abstract: A pair of pliers for removing fastening ring includes a pliers head, a pliers handle and a cover, wherein the pliers head comprises a left pliers head and a right pliers head, the pliers handle comprises a left pliers handle and a right pliers handle, and the left pliers head and the right pliers head are connected to a left pliers handle and a right pliers handle via a connecting shaft respectively, wherein the cover is provided at each of both sides of the pliers head via a head shaft, wherein the cutting edge of the left pliers head is blunt, and a projecting element is extended from an upper portion of the cutting edge of the left pliers head, the cutting edge of the right pliers head is a blade, and an adjusting device is provided at an upper portion of the left pliers handle and the right pliers handle.

Abstract: A power-saving scissors comprises a first handle having a first knife set; the first handle being formed with a receiving space; an inner wall of the receiving space being formed with teeth; a second handle pivotally installed to the first handle by a planet gear set; the second handle having a second knife set; a center gear being protruded from the second handle at a position corresponding to the receiving space; the center gear being engagable with the receiving space of the first handle; the planet gear set including the center gear, three peripheral gears and a cover; one end of the center gear being installed to the second handle and another end thereof being protruded with a post; the three peripheral gear being respectively engaged to the center gear and also engaged to the teeth of the receiving space.

Abstract: An elongate element, in particular a catheter, has a curved shape imparted to its end by a device comprising razor blades which are mounted on a pivotal linkage mechanism. Upon pressing actuator members against the restoring force of spring elements, the razor blades are constrained by the pivotal linkage mechanism to follow a desired curved path.

Abstract: Scissors for cutting off a part delivery tape are disclosed. The part delivery tape includes a carrier tape with recesses at predetermined intervals where the recesses include openings on an upper end for accommodating parts, and a top tape adhered to the upper surface of the carrier tape so as to cover the openings of the recess portions. The scissors include a blade member and an abutment member rotatably mounted on a pivot. The blade member includes first and second blades and a grip, the blades and grip at opposite sides of the pivot. The abutment member includes an abutting portion and a grip at opposite sides of the pivot. In the cutting position the first blade is arranged to have a clearance between the first blade and the abutting portion equal to the thickness of the top tape.

Abstract: A cable tie removal tool for cutting a cable tie off of an underlying structure with which the cable tie is engaged. The tool has an opposed pair of cutting members each having a cutting edge, the cutting members movable between an open position in which the cutting edges are spaced from one another and a cutting position in which the cutting edges are close together or touching. The tool also has a mechanical structure that holds at least one cutting member off of the underlying structure as the cutting members are moved from the open to the cutting position.

Abstract: A cutter designed to release and remove objects such as medication pills and the like from an encapsulated packaging such as a blister pack. The cutter includes at least one blade which is advanced proximate the bottom region of the object and which cuts through the packaging and releases the object. In the preferred embodiment, the cutter included two blades each coupled to a shaft. The two shafts are connected together proximate an end opposite the cutter end and pivot to allow one handed operation.

Abstract: A pair of preferably substantially buoyant-in-water hand pliers comprising a pair of non-metallic lever members each having a handle portion and a jaw portion and formed of material preferably having a density greater than water. The lever members are pivotally connected together at common central portions between the jaw and handle portions. Each handle portion preferably has one or more outwardly opening cavities formed into a side surface of the handle portions. An elongated tubular sheath preferably formed of material buoyant in water covers and sealingly encloses the cavities whereby the effective density of the pliers is less than that of water. An effective, durable, non-corrosive wire cutting arrangement is also provided, the components uniquely configured and supported in the non-metallic jaw portions.

Abstract: The cutting tool, in particular nail clippers, comprise two elongated members hinged around an axis (A), wherein each member is provided with an actuating arm and a cutting edge; the cutting edges of the two elongated members face each other so as to reciprocally co-operate for cutting when they are moved towards one another by the action of approach on the actuating arms. The tool also comprises elastic means for biasing the elongated members towards a diverging condition in which the two actuating arms and the two cutting edges are spaced from one another, and retaining means for holding the elongated members in a closed condition, in contrast with the elastic means.

Abstract: A nipper is disclosed, having handles outwardly-biased by a spring and a removable, flexible lever member can be a second spring. The biasing force can thereby be adjusted by employment or removal of flexible lever member.

Abstract: A scissor-type implement for use in removing a trailing end of a candle wick. The implement includes first and second elongated handle portions pivotally connected together at an intermediate location and each terminating in an opposing and inter engaging wick sectioning and storage member. A first of the wick sectioning and storage members includes a substantially bell shaped and interiorly hollowed housing exhibiting a base surface with a razor edge. A second of the wick sectioning and storage members also including a substantially bell shaped and interiorly hollowed housing exhibiting a base surface with a flattened support edge.

Abstract: An anvil of a set of secateurs can be displaced in relation to a supporting limb on a swivel axis to permit alignment of the anvil with an edge of a cooperative cutting blade. A bolt and nut are arranged in a hole of the secateur limb to prevent rotation of the nut. The bolt and/or nut has an annular blade facing towards the anvil. The annular blade becomes embedded in the anvil as the bolt is screwed into the nut, thereby forming a positive fit. The bolt shaft is guided through an arched slit in the anvil that extends concentrically in relation to a swivel axis about which the anvil pivots during adjustment. The anvil pivot angle is approximately 2°.

Abstract: A cuticle cutting instrument has tubes rotatably disposed in each other and forming two working endings, cutting elements provided on the endings, handles fixed on the tubes, a return spring installed between the handles, and a tubing connection for communicating with a vacuum source.

Abstract: A cutting tool capable of cutting work pieces which are thicker than what comparably-sized conventional cutting tools are capable of cutting has a jaw with a cutting edge which does not completely abut or overlap over the full length of an opposing edge of a second jaw when the cutting tool is in its closed position. A resulting gap between the opposing edges varies from a maximum at the free end of the cutting edges to zero at a portion of the opposing edges where the edges abut one another. The cutting tool successively notches a work piece, and as the notch deepens, the work piece is advanced toward the abutting portion of the cutting edge and the opposing edge until it is finally severed. The jaws may be operated manually by hand levers or driven by hydraulic, pneumatic or electrical drive mechanisms.

Abstract: A cutting device has two jaws (1, 2) which can be moved one over the other by means of manual operation. At least one of the jaws has a cutter (3) and a protective nose (4). The protective nose (4) is arranged in front of the cutter (3) and projects into the cutting mouth extending between the jaws (1,2). The protective nose (4) can evade a restoring force (7). One of the jaws (1) embodies an avoidance chamber (5). A bottom (6) of the avoidance chamber (5) supports the end of a spring (7). An end of the spring (7) engages the protective nose (4).

Abstract: A pruning device includes a blade mounting jaw and an opposing jaw. A blade is removably mounted on a blade mounting portion of the blade mounting jaw to cut vegetation positioned between the jaws as the jaws are closed. A blade retainer is movable between a blade retaining and blade releasing positions with respect to the blade mounting portion and has a forward blade engaging portion. In its blade retaining position, the blade retainer secures the blade to the blade mounting portion. A forward edge portion of the blade is received between the forward blade engaging portion and the blade mounting portion. A rearward blade engaging structure and the blade mounting portion support a rearward portion of the blade. In its releasing position, the blade retainer releases the blade for replacement. Grip portions are operatively connected to the jaws to open and close the jaws.

Abstract: The cutting tool, in particular nail clippers, comprise two elongated members hinged around an axis (A), wherein each member is provided with an actuating arm and a cutting edge; the cutting edges of the two elongated members face each other so as to reciprocally co-operate for cutting when they are moved towards one another by the action of approach on the actuating arms. The tool also comprises elastic means for biasing the elongated members towards a diverging condition in which the two actuating arms and the two cutting edges are spaced from one another, and retaining means for holding the elongated members in a closed condition, in contrast with the elastic means.

Abstract: A pair of hole punching pliers, so-called stoma pliers, is arranged to punch a hole in a skin protection plate for a stoma bag. The hole punching remedies of the pliers consist of a hole socket (16) and a holding-up plate (18) for the same. During the punching, a plastic skin protection plate is located between the hole socket (16) and the opposing surface of the holding-up plate (18), as the free, outer cutting/punching edge (22) of the hole socket (16) after the completion of the punching abuts directly on said opposing holding-up plate surface.

Abstract: A pruning device includes a blade mounting jaw and an opposing jaw. A blade is removably mounted on a blade mounting portion of the blade mounting jaw to cut vegetation positioned between the jaws as the jaws are closed. A blade retainer is movable between a blade retaining and blade releasing positions with respect to the blade mounting portion and has a forward blade engaging portion. In its blade retaining position, the blade retainer secures the blade to the blade mounting portion. A forward edge portion of the blade is received between the forward blade engaging portion and the blade mounting portion. A rearward blade engaging structure and the blade mounting portion support a rearward portion of the blade. In its releasing position, the blade retainer releases the blade for replacement. Grip portions are operatively connected to the jaws to open and close the jaws.

Abstract: A pinching tube cutting device to transversely cut a tube made of a plastic material. The device consists of two handles attached to each other in a pivoting movement around an axis wherein one handle contains a cutting blade at its end while the end of the other handle contains a hollow seat to receive the tube. The blade has two sharp edges making a salient angle between 120° and 150°, in such a manner that an angle (&agr;) formed by the sharp edge furthest from the axis and a line passing through the point of the blade and the axis is larger than the angle (&bgr;) formed by the other sharp edge and the line. The point of the blade describes a circular arc which cuts the segment of a line which joins the axis and the center of the tube with the largest diameter possible to rest in the seat.

Abstract: A tool for the hygiene and cutting of cuticles, fingernails and toenails, wherein two interchangeable jaws, provided with respective cutting blades, are removably supported by two jaw holders connected to respective handles for gripping the tool itself; the jaw holders and the handles are mutually hinged to rotate the aforementioned jaws between an open position and a closed and cutting position.

Abstract: A cutting apparatus that includes a handle, a first arm and a second arm. A hinge pin pivotally supporting the first and second arms about a pivot point adjacent facing ends of the arms. A cutter blade is supported from at least one of the first and second arms. A pivot mechanism incouples a handle at the outer ends of the arms and includes a spring for biasing the arms to a position wherein the cutter blade is closed. The pivot mechanism interacts with the arms to bias the arms to a position wherein the cutter blade is closed while enabling the pivoting of the arms to open the cutter blade to receive a wire or the like for cutting.

Abstract: A ring cutting tool for cutting a ring which encircles tubing, the ring cutting tool having a first member with a jaw at one end and a handle at the other end, a second member having a jaw at one end thereof, and a handle at the other end thereof, the first and second jaws being in a substantially abutting relationship when in a closed position, the jaws providing jaw cutting surfaces which define an angle of between 20° and 35°. The ring cutting tool permits an easy lateral cutting and breaking apart of a compression ring.

Abstract: A pin cutoff tool employs shears to sever pins. The pin cutoff tool is formed in a pliers-like configuration, with working surfaces formed within the jaws, and a pair of handles situated in working arrangement opposite a pivot point to provide leveraging advantage to the shearing surfaces. Stops may be formed within the jaws to limit the amount of closing travel, and to limit the amount of opening travel. The closing stops also may be formed such that, when closed, the inner surfaces of the jaws are substantially equal to the width of a pin being cut. Grooves may be formed in the jaws to accommodate neighboring, closely situated pins, and the jaws may be relatively narrow, so that neighboring pins in a direction orthogonal to the axis of the channels are not disturbed by the tool when shearing a pin.

Abstract: A tool for the hygiene and cutting of cuticles, fingernails and toenails, wherein two interchangeable jaws, provided with respective cutting blades, are removably supported by two jaw holders connected to respective handles for gripping the tool itself; the jaw holders and the handles are mutually hinged to rotate the aforementioned jaws between an open position and a closed and cutting position.

Abstract: A cutting shear which is formed of a pair of members pivotally mounted in a scissors arrangement. Each member has a jaw member and a handle member, and within one of the handle members is mounted an internal chamber which is closeable by a removable cap located at the outermost end of this handle member. A bail is mounted on the cap and is to be connectable with the opposite handle member to lock the cutting shear in a closed position. One of the jaw members includes a cutting blade with the cutting blade having a cutting edge which is mounted non-parallel to its jaw member.

Abstract: An improved farrier nippers formed from two elongated members including handles, pivot regions and jaws. Blade members are formed separately from each elongated member and brazed into shelves of the jaws of the elongated members. Neck regions of the jaws of the elongated members each have an interior surface which is generally "V"-shaped. This facilitates removal of a portion of a work object which would otherwise obstruct a cut.

Abstract: A wire cutting tool includes a jaw defining a cutting edge and at least one cavity disposed in sufficient proximity to the cutting edge so that a wire being cut by the cutting edge is swaged into the cavity and held therein after the wire has been cut.

Abstract: The present invention is a compound action complex pivotal multi-planar cutting device. It is pivotal between four distinct pivot points and it includes a handle portion and a jaw portion which are attached to one another. The jaw portion may be curved or may be bent and terminates in a pair of opposed cutting blades. Thus, when a user holds the handle portion, the blades are displaced a pre-determined number of degrees with respect to the relative curvature or bending of the jaw portion. The handle portion and jaw portion are engaged to one another and are pivotal about two pivot points. The handle portion is preferably a pair of handles that are joined at a third pivot point by a first post member and the jaw portion is preferably a pair of jaw members joined at a fourth pivot point by another post member which is oblique with respect to the first post member.

Abstract: A surgical knife especially suited for surgical procedures such as a tympanoplasty comprises a handle having a proximal and a distal end, with a curved blade rotatably carried on a post on the distal end of the handle. The blade extends radially outward from the post and beyond the end of the post in roughly an "S" shape. The cutting edge of the blade is on the end of the "S" and is thus spaced apart from and beyond the end of the post, where it can swivel about the axis of the post. When cutting, the blade will follow the direction the handle is moved, swiveling into alignment with that direction by the pressure of the tissue it is cutting.

Abstract: A mechanical cutter for cutting solid materials. It comprises left and right cutting jaws which are moveably connected by a rear hardware unit and rotate about this pivot point. The cutting jaws have opposing curved cutting edges which close but form an opening extending down to the base. The cutting jaws also have central holes. Straps with two mounting holes and an elongated base hole are placed above and below the cutting jaws to guide the linear motion of the cutting jaws. One pair of handle plates is placed above the top strap and another pair of handle plates is placed below the bottom strap. Alternately, a handle assembly is slid over the straps on the right and left side. A circular boss with an eccentric hole is on the end of each top and bottom handle plate. The circular bosses mate with the respective strap mounting holes. The plates are connected with each other through, the eccentric holes in the circular bosses and the central holes in the cutting jaws, by front hardware units.

Abstract: An ophthalmic instrument for removal of the natural cataractogenious lens includes a distal end portion configured to be received through a small incision into the anterior capsule of the eye. This distal end portion includes a pair of opposed jaw portions movable by manual manipulation of a pair of handle portions defined on a proximal portion of the instrument. One of the opposed jaw portions is perforate to more effectively fracture the cataractogenious lens. One of the opposed jaws may include a conduit allowing irrigation liquid to be supplied into the eye, while the other opposed jaw may include a conduit allowing aspiration of irrigation liquid and fractured particles of the lens. Because the small incision may fit relatively tightly around the instrument, fluid loss from the eye is minimized.

Abstract: A cutting tool for cutting an object flush against a surface from which it protrudes is disclosed. The cutting tool comprises a first jaw member which includes a blade having a cutting edge. A second jaw member is pivotally connected to the first jaw member and may include an anvil having a substantially planar surface with a first end substantially aligned with the cutting edge of the blade. The handle which may have first and second arms is connected to the first and second jaw members for facilitating relative movement of the cutting edge and the substantially planar surface between an open position at which the cutting edge is remote from the substantially planar surface and a closed position at which the cutting edge is adjacent to the first end of the substantially planar surface.

Abstract: A mechanical hand tool converts random-sized boards or planks into small, uniformly sized pieces suitable for use as kindling wood for stoves, fireplaces, and campfires. The device as a whole works on the principle of pincers or nippers, comprising two handles connected by means of a series of pivots and levers to jaws carrying opposing splitter blades. The mechanical advantage of the tool is increased significantly by the compounding action of the multiple pivots such that the physical effort involved in applying the tool is minimized. The tool is applied by holding the work, consisting of any of a broad range of predetermined sizes, edge-up between the feet of a user, who stands erect and astride the board or plank as it lies on the floor or ground.