Abstract: An arrangement (100, 400, 500, 600) comprising a first plate (110, 410, 510, 610) and a second plate (120, 420, 520, 620) at a first distance (di) from each other with an overlap between them. The arrangement also comprises a third (130, 430, 530, 630) and a fourth (140, 440, 540, 640) plate between the first and second plates in said overlap so that the third and fourth plates do not overlap each other. All plates are made of an electrically conducting material, are essentially flat and plane and are separated from each other by a dielectric material. The first plate comprises an input/output port (111, 411, 511, 611), the second plate comprises a ground port (112), and the third and fourth plates comprise an output/input port (131, 141, 431, 441, 531, 541, 551). The arrangement will serve as a power divider, a power combiner or as a balun.

Abstract: The present invention provides a capacitively coupled stripline to microstrip transition which comprises a stripline, a microstrip, an upper conductive ground plane, a lower conductive ground plane, an insulating layer and an insulating fixing component. The stripline is positioned between the upper conductive ground plane and the lower conductive ground plane, and has a stripline overlap section. The microstrip is mounted on the upper conductive ground plane, and has a microstrip overlap section which penetrates the upper conductive ground plane. Wherein the microstrip overlap section, the insulating layer and the stripline overlap section are attached uniformly and tightly in sequence and fixed together by the insulating fixing component. The present invention further provides an antenna comprising this transition.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an impedance transformation device for use in a system having a characteristic system impedance, the device being characterized by a predetermined bandwidth having a center frequency. The device housing size is one-eighth wavelength of the center frequency. A first coupler is characterized by an even mode impedance and an odd mode impedance. The bandwidth is a function of the even mode impedance and the odd mode impedance substantially corresponds to the component port impedance. At least one second coupler is disposed in parallel with the first coupler and is characterized by the even mode impedance and the odd mode impedance.

Abstract: An exemplary communication device includes a combiner having a first transmission line configured to be coupled with a first communication component. A second transmission line is configured to be coupled with a second communication component. A third transmission line is coupled with the first and second transmission lines. An isolation module is coupled with the first and second transmission lines. The isolation module has a resistance, a capacitance and an inductance configured to isolate the first communication component from the second communication component if one of the components is inoperative. The isolation module components are also configured to provide RF matching for the first and second transmission lines if one of the components is inoperative.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for outputting high-frequency, high-power signals from low-frequency, low-power input is disclosed. The apparatus and method may provide a two-dimensional nonlinear lattice having a plurality of inductors and voltage-dependent capacitors intersecting at a plurality of nodes. Two or more adjacent boundaries of the nonlinear lattice may be provided with input signals which constructively interfere to output a signal of substantially higher amplitude and higher frequency than those of the input signals.

Abstract: A panel antenna includes a microstrip-fed radiator array, each radiator being a crossed dipole, with the monopoles of the dipole being loops that are electrically closed and hybrid coupled to the adjacent loops within the radiator. The loops are spaced away from a ground plane. Each four loops and four support straps and a base can be cast as a single piece, for example, since the shorted ends of the support straps are a quarter wavelength away from the loops. The feed system uses asymmetric microstrip power dividers to provide branch feed to the dipoles. Coupling between the feed and the loops uses the support straps and terminates in a stub at the characteristic impedance. Each feed terminates so as to provide roughly a half wavelength of delay for the second monopole, making a differentially-driven dipole. The internal feed permits remote adjustment of phase.

Abstract: In general, in accordance with an exemplary aspect of the present invention, an electrical system configured to use power combining of microwave signals, such as those from monolithic microwave integrated circuits or MMICs is provided. In one exemplary embodiment, the system of the present invention further comprises a low loss interface that the circuits are directly connected to. In another exemplary embodiment, the circuits are connected to a pin which is connected to the low loss interface. In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a multi-layer power amplifier is provided that comprises two or more chassis and circuits attached to impedance matching interfaces according to the present invention. This multi-layered power amplifier is configured to amplify an energy signal and have a significantly reduced volume compared to existing power combiners.

Abstract: An inductor with patterned ground plane is described. In one design, the inductor includes a conductor formed on a first layer and a patterned ground plane formed on a second layer under the conductor. The patterned ground plane has an open center area and a shape matching the shape of the conductor. The patterned ground plane includes multiple shields, e.g., eight shields for eight sides of an octagonal shape conductor. Each shield has multiple slots formed perpendicular to the conductor. Partitioning the patterned ground plane into separate shields and forming slots on each shield help prevent the flow of eddy current on the patterned ground plane, which may improve the Q of the inductor. Multiple interconnects couple the multiple shields to circuit ground, which may be located at the center of the conductor.

Abstract: A splitter includes an input terminal, a first output terminal, a second output terminal, a first transmitting unit including a first microstrip coupled between the input terminal and a first node, a second microstrip coupled between the input terminal and a second node, and a first resistor coupled between the first node and the second node, and a second transmitting unit including a third microstrip coupled between the first node and the first output terminal, a fourth microstrip coupled between the second node and the second output terminal, and a second resistor coupled between the first output terminal and the second output terminal, wherein lengths of the first microstrip and the second microstrip are related to a first frequency, and lengths of the third microstrip and the fourth microstrip are related to a second frequency.

Abstract: In cases where a power divider is constructed by using a multilayer substrate, a power divider is obtained which is smaller in size and has a good reflection property. The power divider according to the present invention is provided with a multilayer dielectric substrate (1), strip conductor patterns (2a through 2c) formed on one surface of the multilayer dielectric substrate (1), and a ground conductor pattern (3) formed on the other surface of the multilayer dielectric substrate (1), wherein a transmission line is composed of the dielectric substrate (1), the strip conductor patterns (2a through 2c) and the ground conductor pattern (3), and the transmission line has its one end branched to form a plurality of branch lines (12a, 12b), with an isolation resistance (4) being formed between the branch lines.

Abstract: A Radio Frequency (RF) splitter/combiner technique for splitting and combining RF signals using a combination of microstrip traces and coaxial cable for an N-port network is disclosed.

Abstract: A distributed multiband coupling circuit including: a number n of first and of second terminals equal to the number of frequency bands; a third terminal and a fourth terminal; a number n of distributed couplers equal to the number of frequency bands, all couplers being identical and sized according to the highest frequency band, and each coupler including a first conductive line between first and second ports intended to convey a signal to be transmitted in the concerned frequency band, and a second conductive line coupled to the first one between third and fourth ports; a first set of resistive splitters in cascade between the third ports of the couplers, a terminal of the splitter associated with the first coupler being connected to the third terminal of the coupling circuit; and a second set of resistive splitters in cascade between the fourth ports of the couplers, a terminal of the splitter associated with the first coupler being connected to the fourth terminal of the coupling circuit.

Abstract: A high isolation power divider is disclosed, which includes a substrate, a first split arm, a second split arm, a signal input unit, a connection unit, a ground layer, a slit. The signal input unit is coupled to the first split arm and the second split arm for receiving an input signal and dividing the input signal to the first split arm and second split arm. The connection unit is coupled to the first split arm and the second split arm, wherein the connection unit, the first split arm, and the second split arm are deposited on a first plane of the substrate, and surround a first area. The ground layer is deposited on the second plane of the substrate for providing grounding. The slit is formed in the ground layer, wherein at least a part of the slit is formed within a second area corresponding to the first area.

Abstract: An N-way multi-layer radial power combiner/divider comprises an RF layer including N planar RF transmission lines radiating from a common port to N ports. An isolation layer substantially parallel to the RF layer comprises a star resistor having N resistive arms radiating from a common junction and N planar isolation transmission lines coupled in series to respective resistive arms. Each series pair of a resistive arm and an isolation transmission line is ideally a half-wavelength in electrical length. N vertical interconnects between the RF layer and the isolation layer connect the ends of the N isolation transmission lines to the ends of the N RF transmission lines at the N individual ports, respectively. Any path from one individual port through the common junction of the star resistor to another individual port is approximately a full wavelength ?c or multiple thereof so that the phase angle through the isolation network is approximately zero degrees.

Abstract: A power amplifier having multiple solid state sub-amplifiers connected in parallel between an input and an output are described. The signal input to the power amplifier is provided to an RF splitter connected between an input connector and the input of each of the sub-amplifiers. The RF splitter splits the input power from the signal input and provides the power to the sub-amplifier inputs through input electrical paths. The input electrical paths from the power amplifier input to the sub-amplifiers are substantially identical. Each of the sub-amplifiers drive an input of an RF combiner connected between the outputs of the sub-amplifiers and the output of the power amplifier. The RF combiner combines the output power from each of the sub-amplifiers through output electrical paths, and provides the combined power to the power amplifier output. The output electrical paths from the sub-amplifiers to the power amplifier output are substantially identical.

Abstract: A monolithic power splitter is used to split a pair of input differential signals into two pairs of output differential signals in the present invention. The monolithic power splitter has two input terminals to receive a pair of input differential signals, and it has two one-by-two power splitters integrated in one single chip to split a pair of input differential signals into two pairs of output differential signals with equal power. And, the monolithic power splitter has four output terminals to output two pairs of output differential signals. In one embodiment, the first one-by-two power splitter and the second one-by-two power splitter are made on the same surface of the substrate. In another embodiment, the first one-by-two power splitter and the second one-by-two power splitter are made on opposite surfaces of the substrate. The monolithic power splitter can be used as a power combiner based on the reciprocal property of the power splitter circuit.

Abstract: A sequential rotated feeding circuit for sequential rotated feeding of a signal with a wavelength ?g is provided. The sequential rotated feeding circuit comprises a feed transformer, a resistance transforming unit, a first antenna transformer, a second antenna transformer, a third antenna transformer and a fourth antenna transformer. The feed transformer has a feed line width resistance Zin. The resistance transforming unit is connected to the feed transformer, the first antenna transformer, the second antenna transformer, the third antenna transformer and the fourth antenna transformer. The resistance transforming unit has a transforming line width resistance Zl.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a microstrip transmission line device includes forming a resistor layer on an insulating or dielectric substrate having a back face where a metal layer to be grounded is provided. The method also includes removing the formed resistor layer except for a part of the formed resistor layer which requires a resistor. Further, the method includes forming a metal conductive layer on the remaining part of the resistor layer. The metal conductive layer contacts the substrate. The method additionally includes removing the formed metal conductive layer at a part required as a resistor except for a part required for connection to the resistor, the parts being included at the remaining part of the resistor layer.

Abstract: A diplex filter is formed by two impedance-transforming filters with separate transmission frequency ranges and with separate cut-off frequency ranges and a connection node at which two series elements of the two filters are connected. These two series elements are each fashioned as a parallel oscillating circuit, each parallel oscillating circuit exhibiting a predetermined reactance in a midband of the respective transmission frequency range and a parallel resonance in a midband of the respective cut-off frequency range. The diplex filter can be realized in a simple and cost-effective manner without ferrite-containing special components, for instance inductively coupled coils or tapped coils thereby allowing use thereof in a magnetic resonance tomograph, for example.

Abstract: For one disclosed embodiment, an integrated circuit may comprise an internal transmission line in one or more layers of the integrated circuit. The internal transmission line may be coupled to receive a signal from an external transmission line at a first end of the internal transmission line without use of termination circuitry. The internal transmission line may transmit the signal passively to a second end of the internal transmission line. The integrated circuit may also comprise first circuitry having an input coupled to the internal transmission line at a first location of the internal transmission line to receive the signal and second circuitry having an input coupled to the internal transmission line at a second location of the internal transmission line to receive the signal. The second location may be different from the first location. Other embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: A Wilkinson coupler mounted on a printed circuit comprises a first access port connected to a second access port and to a third access port by way of two metallic transmission lines of the same length and a load resistor mounted in short-circuit arrangement between the second and third access ports, characterized in that the load resistor is constituted of three adjacent independent resistors linked together. The coupler applies notably to the field of satellite antennas and more particularly to antenna beamforming arrays.

Abstract: There is disclosed an electromagnetic transmission line arrangement with a phase shifter, comprising at least one conductive branch line (51a,51b) extending from a junction point (51c) to an associated output port, for the propagation of electromagnetic signals in a frequency band along said branch line. The phase shifter includes at least one dielectric body (52,53,54) which is mounted so as to be movable sideways in a transverse direction into a delaying position at least partly covering said branch line (51a,51b). The longitudinal distribution of its dielectric material (?) is adapted to cause, when being moved transversally into said delay position, a controlled phase shift but also to secure, by way of said selected longitudinal distribution of its dielectric material in conjunction with said at least one branch line, an input impedance matching of said transmission line arrangement. The transmission line arrangement can be used in the feeding network to a microwave antenna.

Abstract: A waveguide to microstrip transition having a waveguide open at one end. A dielectric substrate includes a first and a second side and a ground plane covers the first side of the substrate. The dielectric substrate overlies the waveguide opening so that the ground plane faces the waveguide and an opening in the ground plane registers with the waveguide opening. A back short having a housing is positioned on the second side of the dielectric substrate. The back short housing forms a cavity which registers with at least a portion of the ground plane opening so that microwave energy from the waveguide passes through the dielectric substrate and into the cavity defined by the back short housing. The back short housing has at least one opening to the cavity along the second side of the dielectric substrate. A pair of spaced apart microstrips on the second side of the substrate each have a free end positioned in the cavity so that the free ends of the microstrips are spaced apart from each other.

Abstract: A balun circuit comprising first through third CPW lines becoming signal I/O ports, a first differential transmission line for linking the central conductor of the second CPW line and the ground conductor of the first CPW line and for linking the ground conductor of the second CPW line and the central conductor of the first CPW line, a second differential transmission line for linking the central conductors of the first and third CPW lines and for linking the ground conductors of the first and third CPW lines, and a joint for connecting at least two ground conductors of the first through third CPW lines. The differential transmission line has a first line formed in a dielectric layer on a substrate, a second line arranged in the underlying layer, and an underlying line at a fixed potential arranged between the substrate and the second line.

Abstract: A directional coupler capable of improving a directionality of a directional coupler body including four terminals. The directional coupler includes a directional coupler body including the four terminals of an input port, an output port, a coupling port, and an isolation port; and a combiner for combining powers of an output signal of the coupling port and an output signal of the isolation port of the directional coupler body; and a directionality improving circuit for amplifying or attenuating at least one of the output signal of the coupling port and the output signal of the isolation port before outputting the same, and the combiner combines powers of the output signals amplified or attenuated by the directionality improving circuit.

Abstract: A power divider includes a substrate, a signal reception terminal formed in a first layer of the substrate for receiving signals, a first output terminal formed in the first layer for outputting radio-frequency (RF) signals, a matching terminal formed in a third layer of the substrate, a second output terminal formed in the third layer for outputting RF signals, a grounding plate formed in a second layer of the substrate, surrounding a hole and forming a circular shape, a first block transmission line formed at a position corresponding to the hole in the first layer and coupled to the signal reception terminal and the first output terminal, and a second block transmission line formed at a position corresponding to the hole in the third layer, coupled to the matching terminal and the second output terminal, and having a shape identical to a shape of the first block transmission line.

Abstract: An area estimation apparatus 100 includes: a reception level receiving unit 110 configured to receive, from a plurality of the radio signal capturing terminals 40a and 40b via the network, a radio signal reception level transmitted from the radio signal transmitting terminal 10, a radio signal transmitting terminal ID for uniquely identifying the radio signal transmitting terminal 10, and a radio signal capturing terminal ID for uniquely identifying each of the plurality of radio signal capturing terminals 40a and 40b; with a presence area of the radio signal capturing terminals being known; a reception level storage unit 123 configured to store the radio signal reception level, the radio signal transmitting terminal ID and the radio signal capturing terminal ID, which are received from each of the radio signal capturing terminals 40a and 40b, in association with one another; and a presence area estimating unit 140 configured to refer to the reception level storage unit and to estimate the presence area of th

Abstract: A power amplifier (power amplifier) having multiple solid state sub-amplifiers connected in parallel between the power amplifier input and the power amplifier output are described. The signal input to the power amplifier is provided to an RF splitter connected between the power amplifier input connector and the input of each of the sub-amplifiers. The RF splitter splits the input power from the signal input and provides the power to the sub-amplifier inputs through input electrical paths. The input electrical paths from the power amplifier input to the sub-amplifiers are substantially physically identical. Each of the sub-amplifiers drive an input of an RF combiner connected between the outputs of the sub-amplifiers and the output of the power amplifier. The RF combiner combines the output power from each of the sub-amplifiers through output electrical paths, and provides the combined power to the power amplifier output.

Abstract: A miniaturized multilayer hybrid-phase signal splitter circuit is proposed, which is fully equivalent in function to a conventional rat-race coupler, but with a specialized circuit layout structure that allows its IC implementation to be more miniaturized than the conventional rat-race coupler. The proposed hybrid-phase signal splitter circuit features the use of a multilayer substrate for the layout of six transmission lines in such a manner that the transmission lines in the middle layer are inductively coupled to the transmission lines on the overlying layer as well as the transmission lines on the underlying layer to form a Marchand balun. In IC implementation, the required layout area is only about 10% of the layout area for the conventional rat-race coupler.

Abstract: A transmission line having a plurality of branch lines that respectively include a first end part and a second end part and have a same line length, in which at least part of the plurality of branch lines includes bent shapes, the first end parts of the plurality of branch lines are connected to a common terminal, and the second end parts of the plurality of branch lines are connected to a common terminal. The plurality of branch lines may include two micro strip lines that are formed on substrates having the same dielectric constant and have bent shapes in symmetry with each other with respect to a straight line.

Abstract: A signal distribution structure for distributing a signal to a plurality of devices includes a first signal guiding structure including a first characteristic impedance. The signal distribution structure also includes a node, wherein the first signal guiding structure is coupled to the node. The signal distribution structure includes a second signal guiding structure including one or more transmission lines. The one or more transmission lines of the second signal guiding structure are coupled between the node and a plurality of device connections. The second signal guiding structure includes, side-viewed from the node, a second characteristic impedance which is lower than the first characteristic impedance. The signal guiding structure also includes a matching element connected to the node.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to a RF combiner/splitter having a first port separated from a second port and a third port by a generally tapering microstrip section. The second and third ports are separated by a generally rectangular bridge bar having a width selected to match the impedance of devices to be connected to the second and third ports and a length selected to provide a separation between the second and third ports of approximately quarter wavelength at a center point of an operational frequency of the devices. In a first embodiment, a horizontal RF choke joint is positioned between the first port and the tapering section. In a second embodiment, one choke joint is positioned between the second port and the bridge bar and a second choke joint is positioned between the third port and the bridge bar.

Abstract: According to one exemplary embodiment, a three-way splitter includes a printed element and a resistive network comprising discrete resistors. A first printed branch, second printed branch, and third printed branch distribute a received communication signal to respective outputs having substantially the same phase, frequency, and impedance. Each printed branch includes a number of substantially ninety-degree angles. In one embodiment, the printed branches are quarter wavelength transmission lines in a frequency range of 1.5 GHz. In one embodiment, the three-way splitter consumes less than one square inch of surface area on a printed circuit board, and can be used in a satellite receiving system, for example. In this embodiment, the three-way splitter is utilized for frequencies in the range of approximately 900 MHz to 2.2 GHz.

Abstract: Methods and systems for processing signals via power splitters embedded in an integrated circuit package may include generating via a power splitter, one or more RF signals proportional to one or more received RF signals. The power splitter may be integrated in a multi-layer package. The generated RF signals may be processed via an integrated circuit, which may be electrically coupled to the multi-layer package. The power splitters may include quarter wavelength transmission lines. The transmission lines may include a microstrip structure or a coplanar structure. The power splitters may be bonded to one or more capacitors in the integrated circuit. The capacitors may include CMOS devices in the integrated circuit. The power splitters may include lumped devices which may include surface mount devices coupled to the multi-layer package or devices within the integrated circuit, which may be flip-chip bonded to the multi-layer package.

Abstract: A signal transfer member for a liquid crystal display (LCD) apparatus includes a power line for receiving power from an external source and for driving a semiconductor chip disposed on the transfer member or the display apparatus. The power line is bent so as to incorporate a serpentine structure, which enables the length of the power line to be easily adjusted and results in the line being longer than a power line formed with a relatively straight structure. Accordingly, the length of the power line can be adjusted to take into account the respective impedances of the chip and the external source so as to suppress electromagnetic waves in the power line. This prevents the creation of noise, distortion of signals, damage to the semiconductor chip, and disconnection of the input interconnection thereof that are caused by the electromagnetic waves, so that product yields are thereby improved.

Abstract: An unequal three-way divider divides an input signal into three in-phase signals whose power ratio is different between a center and both ends. The unequal three-way divider includes an input terminal, and three output terminals for outputting a three-divided signal respectively, and three transmission lines branched from the input terminal are provided between the input terminal and the three output terminals. The transmission line connected to the center output terminal has a first transmission line which is connected in series and a second transmission line whose electrical length is ¼ wave length. Two transmission lines connected to the output terminals at both ends have a third transmission line which is connected in series and a fourth transmission line whose electrical length is ¼ wave length respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed is a radio-frequency divider comprising: an input port; and two output ports, separated by a bridge bar, wherein the divider is arranged in microstrip form and the microstrip structure takes the form of a generally tapering section connecting the input port to the bridge bar such that the input port is positioned at the relatively thinner end of the tapering section and the bridge bar is positioned at the relatively wider end of the tapering section. Also disclosed is a corresponding method. The divider is able to operate equally as a combiner.

Abstract: A microwave, power splitter/combiner (20) is formed as part of a multilayer laminate (27, 28, 29, 33, 34) such that two ports (22, 23) are connected by plated vias (31, 32) to conductive pads (29, 30) connected across an isolation resistor (27). Furthermore, a microwave circuit is provided in the form of a multi-layer laminate including a substrate carrying a resistive layer which has been etched to define at least one resistor, a dielectric membrane covering the resistor, a conductive layer defining at least part of an electrical circuit, and said at least one resistor is electrically connected to the conductive layer by vias extending through the dielectric membrane.

Abstract: In cases where a power divider is constructed by using a multilayer substrate, a power divider is obtained which is smaller in size and has a good reflection property. The power divider according to the present invention is provided with a multilayer dielectric substrate (1), strip conductor patterns (2a through 2c) formed on one surface of the multilayer dielectric substrate (1), and a ground conductor pattern (3) formed on the other surface of the multilayer dielectric substrate (1), wherein a transmission line is composed of the dielectric substrate (1), the strip conductor patterns (2a through 2c) and the ground conductor pattern (3), and the transmission line has its one end branched to form a plurality of branch lines (12a, 12b), with an isolation resistance (4) being formed between the branch lines.

Abstract: A high isolation power divider is disclosed, which includes a substrate, a first split arm, a second split arm, a signal input unit, a connection unit, a ground layer, a slit. The signal input unit is coupled to the first split arm and the second split arm for receiving an input signal and dividing the input signal to the first split arm and second split arm. The connection unit is coupled to the first split arm and the second split arm, wherein the connection unit, the first split arm, and the second split arm are deposited on a first plane of the substrate, and surround a first area. The ground layer is deposited on the second plane of the substrate for providing grounding. The slit is formed in the ground layer, wherein at least a part of the slit is formed within a second area corresponding to the first area.

Abstract: A transmission structure having high propagation velocity and a low effective dielectric loss. The structure comprises a dielectric, a first reference conductor disposed below the dielectric, a signal conductor disposed above the dielectric, and a second reference conductor disposed over the signal conductor. The second reference conductor has a recess portion facing the signal conductor, the recess portion defining a gap between the second reference conductor and the signal conductor. The gap may be filled with air which has a relative dielectric constant approximately equal to one (1). Because of the physical and dielectric constant characteristics of the gap, the structure concentrates an electric field in the gap resulting in an effective dielectric constant approximately (approaching) one (1) and an effective dielectric loss approximately equal to zero (0). Thus, the structure exhibits a propagation velocity approximately equal to the speed of light.

Abstract: The present invention is an electronic signal continuity device comprising an electrically conductive case having a volume, an input port and at least two output ports. The continuity device further includes a printed circuit board (PCB) in electrical communication with the input port and the output ports. The PCB is operably configured to split an electronic signal received at the input port to the output ports. Additionally, the PCB is disposed within the volume of the electrically conductive case. Further, the PCB includes an orifice and a plurality of electronic components, wherein one of the plurality of electronic components is disposed in the orifice. The case further includes a first portion and a second portion opposing the first major portion, wherein one of the two output ports and the input port are disposed on the first portion, and one of the two output ports is disposed on the second portion.

Abstract: The design of a compact low-loss Magic-T is described. The planar Magic-T incorporates a compact microstrip-slotline tee junction and small microstrip-slotline transition area to reduce slotline radiation. The Magic-T produces broadband in-phase and out-of-phase power combiner/divider responses, has low in-band insertion loss, and small in-band phase and amplitude imbalance.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) communication device may include an RF 90-degree hybrid combiner having stable phase and loss characteristics over greater than one octave of bandwidth, while providing a high degree of isolation between input and isolated port. The structure may include a first element and a second element. The first element includes a first port, a first section for phasing matching, a second section for conductive-layer inversion, a third section for phase-matching section, and a third port. The second element includes a fourth port, a fourth section for phasing matching, a fifth section for conductive-layer inversion, a sixth section for phase-matching, and a second port. In one example, the second and fifth sections are utilized for signal coupling. In another example, the first, third, fourth, and sixth sections are utilized for signal coupling. Different ports may have matched phase differences.

Abstract: A planar N-way power divider/combiner, wherein N is an integer different from a power of two, comprising a first port, which is to be coupled to a first transmission line having a first characteristic impedance, N second ports, which are to be coupled each to a corresponding electrical load, and N division/combination branches, each coupled between the first port and a corresponding second port and each having a first stage, a second stage, and an intermediate node between the two stages. All the electrical loads have one and the same given load impedance. For each pair of planarly adjacent division/combination branches, a corresponding first uncoupling resistor is coupled between corresponding intermediate nodes and a corresponding second uncoupling resistor is coupled between the corresponding second ports.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and divider for dividing power between and supplying the parts of the power to respective radiation elements of an array antenna, and an antenna device using the divider. The division method includes the steps of dividing power, applied to a feeding unit, into two parts at a first stage of division, and supplying a first of the two parts to at least one central radiation element, and dividing a second of the two parts and supplying sub-parts of the second part to respective peripheral radiation elements, thereby supplying relatively high power to the central radiation element and relatively low power to the peripheral radiation elements.

Abstract: A balun circuit includes a first CPW line 11, a second CPW line 12a, and a third CPW line 12b that serve as signal input/output ports; a first CPS line 14a that is a differential transmission line, the first CPS line 14a relaying the first CPW line 11 to the second CPW line 12a; a second CPS line 14b that is a differential transmission line, the second CPS line 14b relaying the first CPW line 11 to the third CPW line 12b; and at least one connection section that connects grounded conductors of each of the first CPW line 11, the second CPW line 12a, and the third CPW line 12b.

Abstract: A power amplifier includes a quadrature hybrid and input impedance matching network. The power amplifier also includes at least one amplifier that includes an output electrode, and a quadrature hybrid and output impedance matching network. The quadrature hybrid and input impedance matching network exhibits a low pass frequency response.

Abstract: A power combiner comprising an LC lattice structure is shown, together with a method for generating a planar wave front. The LC structure can comprise constant or voltage dependent capacitors. Either the delay or the characteristic impedance of the two-dimensional transmission line formed by the LC lattice structure are kept constant. A planar wave propagating along one direction of the transmission line gradually experiences higher impedances at the edges, creating a lower resistance path for the current in the middle. This funnels more power to the center as the wave propagates.

Abstract: A divider may include a stem or first port, and two or more branch ports connected or coupled directly or indirectly to the first port. As mentioned, a divider may include multiple sections. In some examples, a divider may include at least an inductively uncoupled section and an inductively coupled section. An uncoupled section may be characterized by a plurality of associated transmission lines that are substantially inductively uncoupled. On the other hand, a coupled section may include a plurality of associated transmission lines that are substantially inductively coupled. A divider section may include a resistor connected between ends of associated first and second transmission lines in a coupled or uncoupled section. In some examples, one or more uncoupled sections are connected in series to the first port and one or more coupled sections are connected in series between the uncoupled sections and the second and third ports.