Abstract: Wiring topology and hierarchy of transmission line impedances for connecting I/O of semiconductor devices together. This arrangement gives smooth signal shapes for signal rise and fall times as fast as one (1) nsec or faster. The design uses a balanced multi-way branched net with increasing impedance until very close to the end, of the net, where it is a balanced multi-way branched net with unterminated ends. Thus, coming out of the signal driver is a single impedance transmission line. This single impedance transmission line (A) then branches into two impedance transmission lines (B), each having an impedance higher than the single line impedance that feeds it. These lines (B) are used to drive electronic modules. After entering the electronic modules through a connector, each of these lines (B) then branch into two transmission lines (C) having a yet higher impedance value. Each of these lines (C) finally ends in a cluster of four transmission lines (D.

Abstract: A microwave connector comprises two substrates arranged in orthogonal planes. A first substrate (2) is formed as a microstrip system (8) with a microstrip component (3) connected via a quarter wavelength taper (4) to a parallel transmission line (5). This transmission line terminates in a short circuit (15) to a ground electrode (7) on the back of the microstrip. A second substrate (10) is formed as a slotline system (9) having a slotline (13) between two sheet electrodes (14). In this slotline is a slot (16) of dimensions slightly less than the slotline width and sufficient length to accommodate the microstrip. The microstrip and slotline are electrically unconnected. Energy transfer between microstrip and slotline, or vice versa, takes place by electromagnetic coupling between the transmission line and the edges of the slotline. The slotline may be formed with an additional substrate and slotline electrode in a triplate configuration. Several microstrip components (8.sub.1 to 8.sub.

Abstract: A stripline or microstrip feed system distributes electromagnetic power among a set of utilization devices such as the radiators of an array antenna. In the feed system, elongated assemblies of microwave couplers are arranged side by side to provide for a two-dimensional array of couplers corresponding to a two-dimensional array of radiators in rows and columns of an array antenna, and allowing beam steering in a direction perpendicular to the rows. In each assembly of couplers, different forms of couplers are employed to provide both an amplitude taper and a phase taper to the radiations of the respective radiators in each row of radiators. The couplers include the Wilkinson coupler, the hybrid coupler, and the backward wave coupler which serve as power dividers during transmission.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for transmitting or receiving circularly polarized signals is disclosed. The technique employs a phase shifting network for connection between an antenna and a radio transmitter or receiver to produce a phase shift when transmitting or eliminate a phase shift when receiving. In one preferred embodiment, a dielectric substrate has a phase shifting network or printed circuit lines defining a signal transmission paths between a radio connection terminal and a plurality of antenna element connection terminals for coupling a multi-element antenna and a radio. Each transmission path is phase shifted relative to an adjacent path by a predetermined amount by each path having progressively equally different electrical length to provide equal phase shift of a radio frequency signal progressively through the transmission paths.

Abstract: An impedance-matching circuit assembly supplies a.c. power from an external a.c. source to Josephson devices. The assembly comprises resonant-line composed quarter-wave impedance conversion circuits, interconnected in a tree. The impedance-conversion circuits are assembled such that connected to the a.c. source is a circuit having a first-stage impedance, followed by two circuits having second-state impedances connected in parallel, to each of which are connected in parallel two circuits having third-stage impedances, each of which in turn is connected to supply input terminals of two of the Josephson devices.

Abstract: A four way 2:1 bandwidth RF splitter/combiner is described. When used as a splitter, the splitter/combiner provides equal amplitude output signals while maintaining quadrature phase over the entire bandwidth of the input signal. This splitter/combiner also maintains a one to one VSWR and eliminates back door intermodulation. When used as a combiner, the splitter/combiner losslessly combines four equal amplitude quadrature phase signals.

Abstract: A microwave buffer for use between transmitter modules and an impedance combiner. The buffer is comprised of a plurality of input segments, a plurality of output segments and an elongated transmission segment connecting the input segments to the output segments. The geometry of the buffer along with bridges located proximate to the transmitter modules eliminate the destructive effects of reflected waves set up by an unbalanced impedance combiner when one of the transmission modules becomes inoperative. The hourglass shape of the buffer causes the phases of the signals from each transmission module to be equal from any transmission port to any output. The bridges force the sum of the mutual couplings to be low in amplitude on any transmission module.

Abstract: Dielectric waveguide-to-transmission line transition structures are disclosed which can be used to interface low loss dielectric waveguides with integrated electric circuits for operation in millimeter wave frequency ranges on the order of 100 GHz. Numerous transition designs are presented for interfacing signal propagation in rectangular or cylindrical coplanar metallic transmission lines to signal propagation in dielectric waveguides. In one embodiment of the present invention, a transition structure is provided which includes a first transition section for interfacing a dielectric waveguide to a microstrip transmission line, and a second transition section for interfacing the microstrip transmission line to a coplanar transmission line. In other embodiments of the present invention, the dielectric waveguide interfaces directly to a coplanar transmission line.

Abstract: A power divider formed by the interconnection of an input resistive network and a transmission line network for dividing a signal received on an input port into N output ports. Four embodiments are described. Three are two-way power dividers and one is a three-way power divider. A 2-way equal division power divider comprises an outer conductor 51 which has a generally rectangular cross section and is filled with a lower dielectric sheet, a center dielectric sheet and an upper dielectric sheet. The dielectric sheets are made of low loss material. Inner conductors are photo-etched from a conducting material that has been deposited or laminated to both surfaces of the center dielectric sheet. Two conductors are spaced a maximum distance from each other at their outputs and are in close proximity to each other at their inputs. Two resistors are connected respectively from the conductor inputs to a power divider input.

Abstract: A waveguide having a pair of quarter-wavelength impedance transformers and adapted to divide and combine microwaves. The pair of quarter-wavelength impedance transformers includes two strip transmission lines connected together at one end, two ground conductors each located adjacent to and spaced from a respective one of said strip transmission lines, each said ground conductor serving as a ground potential at least mutually to the adjacent strip transmission line, and a dielectric substrate supporting thereon said strip transmission lines and said ground conductors. The two strip transmission lines may be connected to each other at numerous positions by resistors.

Abstract: There is presented herein an N-way power combiner/divider and which includes a common output/input port, a plurality of N input/output ports together with N load ports. N transmission lines interconnect the common output/input port with the N input/output ports. A second plurality of N transmission lines interconnect the respective input/output ports with respective ones of the N load ports. Also, a third plurality of N transmission lines interconnect each of the load ports with a common point and which is, in turn, connected to ground by a capacitor. A first plurality of transmission lines and a second plurality of transmission lines include a plurality of metal foil traces respectively mounted on first and second insulator boards which are spaced from each other. At least three metal layers are provided which are electrically connected together and which serve as ground planes.

Abstract: A high frequency transmission line circuit including a plurality of units each constituting two transmission lines connected in common through one end of each, the other ends being independent, one end of a latter stage of units being connected to the other ends of a former stage so as to form a tournament configuration, the length of the transmission lines being made less than .lambda./4 (.lambda. being one wavelength of a frequency of a high frequency signal), and the charecteristic impedances of the transmission lines in units at an end side of the tournament are set larger than the charecteristic impedances of the transmission lines in the units at the peak side of the tournament such that each two parallely arranged adjoining units at the end side of the tournament configuration are joined, at their commonly connected ends, to the adjoining unit at the peak side thereof, so as to reduce the total length of the device.

Abstract: A broad-band microwave waveguide radio frequency splitter and combiner (70 and 100) can be realized by using TEM mode wave propagation to edge guide mode wave propagation conversion performed by magnetically biased material (16) and directionally opposed magnetic fields (20 and 22) and a waveguide such as a microstrip (10) or a stripline (50) to spatially separate a TEM mode signal into two or more components.

Abstract: A distributed-line power divider comprising: a common port and n distributing ports adapted to be connected with respective external lines; and n impedance transformers disposed between the common port and the distributing ports and having a filter function. The filter function of the impedance transformers may be a low-pass filter, a high-pass filter or a band-pass filter.

Abstract: A power divider/combiner circuit is disclosed for connecting to a single port, 2N+1 multi-cell monolithic transistor chips, each chip composed of an even number of cells. A planar binary tree type transmission line structure is provided having first and second ends for connecting 2.sup.P trtansmission line ports at the first end to the single port at the second end, where N and P are each integers greater than or equal to 1, and an equal number of cells are connected to each of the 2.sup.P transmission line ports The value of P is chosen such that ##EQU1## where R is an integer greater than 1, and C is the sum total of the number of cells in the 2N+1 chips. R cells are connected to each of the 2.sup.P transmission line ports, and some cells from at least one transistor chip are connected to a transmission line port which is different from the port to which other cells from that one chip are connected.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for manufacturing large Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) arrays. MMIC elements are manufactured on a substrate to form a MMIC module and first conductive vias are created in the substrate at locations corresponding to contact points for the MMIC. The MMIC module is then secured to a multi-layered ceramic backplate structure for physical rigidity and electrical interconnection. The MMIC module uses a conductive material, such as chrome, to fill or coat the vias to provide electrical contact with MMIC contact pads. Each layer of the multi-layered backplate structure has an electrical interconnection circuit or network formed thereon, and conductive vias extending through the layer at locations corresponding to preselected vias in adjacent layers and electrical contacts for MMIC modules.

Abstract: A polyphase divider/combiner is provided and which includes a common input/output port and a plurality of N output/input ports, wherein N is an even integer greater than two. N electrical signal transmission paths are provided with each extending from the common input/output port to a respective one of the N output/input ports. The N electrical signal transmission paths are of N different electrical lengths such that the output/input ports are out of phase relative to each other by 180/N degrees.

Abstract: A lightweight mechanical structure is provided for supporting an RF partitioning network for a large dimension array antenna. The network consists of two horizontally disposed stripline RF dividing circuits positioned in two enclosed portions of the network. The network is formed within an enclosure which is made up of rigid side frames and electrically conductive ground planes between which the microwave stripline dividing circuit is formed. The ground plates of the stripline circuit are bonded to rigid honeycomb materials so as to provide structural support. The network is assembled by means of suitable structural adhesives. The structure of the partitioning network of the present invention provides for the RF feeding and mechanical support of large dimension array antennae in one assembly.

Abstract: An N-way power combiner includes a common output port and N input ports, each adapted to be connected to an RF input signal source. N load ports are provided with each being adapted to be connected to a reject load. N first transmission lines are provided with each connected at one end to the common output port and each connected at its opposite end to a respective one of the N input ports. N Second transmission lines respectively interconnect each of the input ports with one of the load ports. Also, N third transmission lines are provided and wherein each connects a respective one of the load ports with a common point. N reject loads are provided with each connected to a different one of the N load ports for dissipating power in the event that one or more of the RF input signal sources is deactivated.

Abstract: A wide bandwidth microwave power divider is formed of a conductive enclosure having a longitudinal axis and a common wall lying therealong forming a pair of partially enclosed compartments. A pair of isolated input meander striplines having longitudinally spaced antisymmetrically disposed jogs at which power is radiated lie on opposite sides of the common wall. A plurality of output striplines one each in the vicinity of a jog are coupled to the common wall and extend outwardly of the trough. The striplines are responsive to carry the radiated signal or power from the input. A pair of parallel ground planes extend from the trough on opposite sides of the output striplines to confine the signal or power. Termination means near a proximal end of the striplines extend between the ground planes for electrically isolating the trough. A load extends between the ground planes for absorbing any imbalance in the power radiated to the striplines.

Abstract: A low loss coplanar waveguide 3dB power divider is described having high isolation between the output ports and low VSWR at the input port when used in a balanced circuit configuration. The power divider includes a 50 ohm coplanar waveguide input line and two 50 ohm coplanar waveguide output lines. The output lines are matched to the input line by 71 ohm quarter wavelength sections of coplanar waveguide lines. One output line is a quarter wavelength longer than the other. A quarter wavelength slot is cut in the input line center conductor, and a resistor is defined at the juncture of the input and output lines. Reflected power that would normally travel out the input port is terminated in the resistor.

Abstract: A power divider circuit having an input port and three output ports is described. The circuit includes a first power divider stage having an input port which corresponds to the input of the power divider circuit and a pair of output ports with a first resistor coupled between the pair of output ports of the first stage. The power divider further includes first and second pairs of transmission lines with first ones of said lines of each pair having a first characteristic impedance and second ones of said lines having a second, different characteristic impedance generally equal to half of the characteristic impedance of the first ones of said lines. First ends of each one of the transmission lines of each pair are coupled to a corresponding port of the first power combined stage. Second ends of each of said lines or each pairs are coupled by second and third resistors.

Abstract: A miniaturized waveguide mode ferrite RF phase shifter is efficiently transitioned to a matched impedance microstrip transmission line mode at either end to result in an ultra small, efficient and lightweight essentially "planar" phase shifter device having wide application in the microwave industry.

Abstract: A pick-up for electromagnetic energy radiation guided between at least two parallel ground plates includes a plane conductive tongue positioned between the two ground plates in a plane parallel to these plates and pointed in the direction of propagation of the guided electromagnetic energy, and obstacles interposed between the ground plates and the tongue converting the electromagnetic energy guided between the two ground plates, propagated in transverse electromagnetic mode, into an electromagnetic energy that is propagated in transverse asymmetrical electromagnetic mode in a strip line structure formed by the tongue and the two ground plates.

Abstract: A compact, high efficiency, highpass, broadband microwave power divider is provided which has an even mode characteristic impedance and an odd mode characteristic impedance which are tapered to equal the characteristic impedance of the output load. The broadband power divider 10 of the present invention includes an input section 1 of conductive material; N tapered sections of conductive material 6, 7, 8 and 9, where N is greater than or equal to 2, extending from and integral with the input section 1; and N output sections of conductive material 2, 3, 4 and 5 each output section extending from and integral with a respective one of the tapered sections 6, 7, 8 and 9.

Abstract: An n-way signal splitter having isolated outputs with a printed circuit board geometry providing the necessary crossovers with impedance lines, running under and orthogonal to resistive components, fabricated in microstrip on one side of the board, with a ground plane completely covering the other side, requiring no feedthrough holes or jumper cables to provide the necessary crossovers, and input and output connectors being fastened directly to the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A planar power combiner/divider device comprises a metallic layer on an insulating substrate. The metallic layer is configured to have an output (input) neck portion (12) which extends into a purely tapered portion (16) which in turn splits into n tapering conductors (1 to 5), the terminal portions of which constitute input (output) ports. The overall length (L) of the metallic layer between a junction (14) of the neck and purely tapering portions to each input (output) port being substantially constant and equal to substantially half the wavelength of the lowest design frequency and the distance x from the junction (14) to the (first) split into tapering conductors is selected so as to avoid transverse resonance at the desired frequencies.

Abstract: A three-state, two-output R.F. power divider is configured as a microstrip device having an input port and first and second output ports. Between these three ports there is disposed a substantially T-shaped microstrip transmission line structure such that the input port is coupled to a base portion of the T-shaped structure and the first and second output ports are coupled to opposite ends of a top portion of the T-shaped structure. A substantially U-shaped microstrip transmission line structure is intercoupled with the T-shaped structure such that end portions of the U-shaped structure are coupled to the top portion of the T-shaped structure and a bottom portion of the U-shaped structure is coupled to the base portion of the T-shaped structure. A first PIN diode is coupled between a first location of the T-shaped structure and a ground plane brassboard underlying the dielectric layer on which the microstrip metalization is formed.

Abstract: A multilayer, multiconductor stripline magic-tee network is disclosed. The device incorporates a stripline balun that is sandwiched within a double-sided airstrip-line 3-port reactive-tee power divider to produce a matched 4-port magic-tee that is physically planar and electrically symmetrical. Each port of the device is shielded from the others.

Abstract: An electrical energy transport arrangement has an arcuate boundary region of substantially constant radius. A first port is disposed substantially at the center of the curvature of the arcurate boundary region and lies at the boundary of the transport arrangement and in electrical communication with it. A plurality of second ports are disposed around the arcuate boundary region and in electrical communication with it. A preferred embodiment provides a purely planar configuration, which may optionally provide balanced phase and amplitude outputs. In other preferred embodiments, there are provided unequal amplitude outputs.

Abstract: The device of the invention comprises a bus (B) constituted by a series of lengths each of constant width and each of arbitrary length. The widths of the different lengths vary along the bus from one length to another, with the length connected to an emitter (E) being the widest. Each junction between two lengths is connected by a branch line (L2 to Ln) to an electronic circuit (D2 to Dn). The lines are of arbitrary lengths and have the same characteristic impedance. The end length (B1) of the bus is connected to an electronic circuit (D1). The end length and the branch lines are all terminated on their characteristic impedance. When signals are distributed symmetrically, distribution takes place from a differential emitter via two identical buses which are connected via differential lines to the electronic circuits.

Abstract: A high-frequency power divider having an input line, a pair of input-output lines, and a pair of high-impedance transmission lines diverging from the input line and interconnecting the first and second input-output lines. An isolation resistor is interposed between and connected to a pair of portions of the high-impedance transmission lines proximate the input-output lines. A capacitive component, corresponding to the capacitive component of the resistor, is provided at a diverging point at which the high-impedance transmission lines diverge from the first input-output line. The second capacitive component is defined by a capacitor or electrode surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to matching asymmetrical discontinuites in transmission lines to give low reflection coefficients (less than five percent) over a wide frequency band (corresponding to at least an octave in wavelength). A group of asymmetrical discontinuites, such as impedance steps in a waveguide, are matched by considering a reference plane whose position varies with frequency at which the reflection coefficient for waves transmitted in one direction is equal to that for waves transmitted in the opposite direction. Matching elements are then provided which have a reflection coefficient at the reference plane which is equal and opposite to the reflection coefficient of the discontinuities. Matching is less difficult if the distance between the steps is less than a quarter of a guide wavelength at all frequencies in the wide band mentioned above and such an arrangement is a "reduced quarterwave transformer".

Abstract: Apparatus for dividing and combining electromagnetic energy, particularly at microwave frequencies. An input port (4) is positioned generally equidistant from each of n output ports (5,6;31,32,33 . . . ), where n is a finite integer greater than 1. n quarter-wavelength impedance transforming conductors (20;41,42,43 . . . ) couple the input port (4) to the n output ports (5,6;31,32,33 . . . ), respectively. Positioned between each pair of adjacent output ports (5,6;31,32,33) is an isolation resistor (7). A pair of half-wavelength unity impedance transformers (21) couples each isolation resistor (7) to its two associated output ports (5,6;31,32,33 . . . ), respectively. The invention allows greater geometrical freedom than prior art splitters, and offers a lower loss for a given frequency.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an N-way, broad band planar power divider/combiner circuit for dividing or combining RF signals which includes a tapered strip of electrically conductive material having a plurality of conductor fingers which define a plurality of ports at the wide end of the taper, and having a narrow end which defines single port. The tapered metal strip is mounted onto a dielectric slab, and isolation resistors connect adjacent fingers. A single RF signal can be fed into the single port which will be divided into a plurality of signals of equi-amplitude and equi-phase. Conversely, a plurality of RF signals can be fed into the ports at the wide end which will be combined into a single signal.

Abstract: In a stripline power divider having a pair of conductive stripes, which are n opposite sides of a dielectric board, overlap at an input port, and then diverge oppositely to a pair of output ports individual to the stripes, the improvement characterized by the divider having an opening extending through the board and between the strips in the region where they diverge, by conductive plating extending from each stripe along the adjacent edge of the opening, and by a plug of elastomeric, lossy material fitted in the opening to electrically connect the plated edges and suppress odd mode fields between the stripes.

Abstract: A circuit accepts as input a multi-frequency composite signal, such as that produced by a comb generator and passes on as an output signal switchably selected set of components of the input, so that the output signal may be varied by the selections of the components to be passed through. The circuit contains multiple filters in parallel with switches at the input and output of each.

Abstract: A resistive element is formed on a printed circuit board using only printed circuit board fabrication techniques. A substrate having a bi-metallic cladding on one side of the substrate and a conductive metallic cladding on an opposing side of the substrate is used. A predetermined trace pattern is formed in the metallic cladding. Resistive elements are formed in the bi-metallic cladding opposing their desired locations in the trace pattern. The bi-metallic cladding consists of a resistive layer between the substrate and a second conductive layer. Tabs are etched in the second conductive layer, then resistors, which couple various tabs together, are etched in the resistive layer. Plated holes connect the tabs to desired locations in the trace pattern located on the opposing side of the substrate.

Abstract: A coplanar microwave balun is disclosed in which a signal propagating along a coplanar waveguide in an unbalanced mode is launched onto another coplanar transmission line in the balanced mode. One of the ground planes of the latter transmission line itself is separated into a pair of regions which constitute the ground planes of the coplanar waveguide. These pair of regions are electrically connected, e.g., by ribbon bonds that bridge across the transmission line strip of the coplanar waveguide. The end of that transmission line strip bridges across the coplanar transmission line and acts to launch the signal thereto. The inventive balun advantageously is employed in a three port device having isolated inputs from which separate signals may be multiplexed onto a common line, and may be used in other multiplexer, mixer and modulator assemblies.

Abstract: A resistive element is formed on a printed circuit board using only printed circuit board fabrication techniques. Two printed circuit board strata are laminated together into a multi-layer printed circuit board. A desired trace pattern is etched into a first layer of a first stratum that has first and second conductive metallic layers clad to opposing sides of a first dielectric substrate. A bi-metallic clad substrate having a resistive layer clad to a first side of a second dielectric substrate, a third conductive layer clad to the resistive layer, and a fourth conductive layer clad to a second side of the second dielectric substrate represents the second stratum. The third conductive layer is etched to leave only pads. The resistive layer is etched to form resistive elements of desired resistivity between the pads. When the two strata are laminated together, the pads couple to the trace pattern at desired locations.

Abstract: A microwave planar switch matrix for selectively connecting various ones of M inputs to N outputs. The switch matrix includes a semi-insulative substrate on one side of which are conductors arranged in rows and columns, the interconnection of the rows and columns forming the intersections of the matrix, a plurality M.multidot.N of two-way active power dividers arranged in the rows near each intersection, respectively, and a plurality M.multidot.N of two-way power combiners arranged in the columns near the intersections, respectively, and M.multidot.N switches selectively connecting respectively one output of the power dividers to one input of the power combiners. Because the power dividers and power combiners utilize active components, net power gain through the matrix is possible. Air bridges separate the row and column conductors at the intersections.

Abstract: A balun comprises a one-to-two, equal-power, matched power divider having branch transmission lines whose lengths differ by 1/2 wavelength at a design frequency. The shorter of these two branch transmission lines has two 1/4 wavelength long, shorted stub transmission lines branching therefrom 1/4 wavelength apart.

Abstract: A receiver multicoupler having multiple, isolated outputs generated from a single input comprising a no loss signal splitting network connected to the input having insignificant power absorption and being in the form of parallel tuned circuits providing multiple voltage outputs from a single input and a plurality of very high input resistance voltage amplifiers, each of the amplifiers having an input connected to the signal splitting network, and each of the amplifiers acting as an impedance transformation device and supplying isolation.

Abstract: A multi-stage power divider particularly adapted for use in microwave circuits consists of a plurality of transmission lines and resistances uniquely arranged to achieve a wide range of power division and to give the power divider broad bandwidth and high isolation. The power divider is particularly easy to design and manufacture in stripline and microstrip constructions. The divider provides coupling in the range of 3 dB to 20 dB with high isolation and in a single-layer construction.

Abstract: An electromagnetic power divider/combiner comprises N radial outputs (31) having equal powers and preferably equal phases, and a single axial output (20). A divider structure (1) and a preferably identical combiner structure (2) are broadside coupled across a dielectric substrate (30) containing on one side the network of N radial outputs (31) and on its other side a set of N equispaced stubs (42) which are capacitively coupled through the dielectric substrate (30) to the N radial outputs (31). The divider structure (1) and the combiner structure (2) each comprise a dielectric disk (12, 22, respectively) on which is mounted a set of N radial impedance transformers (14, 24, respectively). Gross axial coupling is determined by the thickness of the dielectric layer (30). Rotating the disks (12, 22) with respect to each other effectuates fine adjustment in the degree of axial coupling.

Abstract: A power splitter/combiner includes a radial waveguide and a coaxial common port coupled to the center of the radial waveguide. The radial waveguide has a plurality of transmission lines around its periphery at equally spaced locations. Because of its symmetry, the power at each of the peripheral transmission lines is related to the power at the common port in proportion to the number of peripheral transmission lines. For operation at high frequencies, the radial waveguide, the transmission lines and the transition from radial waveguide to the transmission lines have their structural details defined by a printed circuit (PC) board having a low temperature dielectric material. The PC board includes a plurality of radial slots to control undesired circumferential modes. A resistance arrangement is coupled across the open end of each radial slot to dissipate circumferential power.

Abstract: A radial power amplifier includes a coaxial input port and a radial power splitter. The radial power splitter includes a radial transmission line and a number of radial transmission line to microstrip transitions spaced about the radial transmission line for splitting input signal equally among a number of microstrip terminals. A like number of amplifier modules have their input terminals coupled to the microstrip terminals by intermediary coaxial transmission lines. A radial power combiner symmetrical with the radial power splitter includes a second set of microstrip terminals, one terminal being adjacent the output terminal of each amplifier module. The second set of microstrip terminals is coupled by a microstrip to radial transmission line transition to a second radial transmission line. The amplified signals from the amplifier modules converge along the second radial transmission line towards the common output port at which the amplified signal appears.

Abstract: A power distribution circuit having two Wilkinson type bi-distribution circuits each of which halves and then distributes its input and formed of a microstrip on a dielectric substrate or a semiconductor substrate. The input terminals of the two Wilkinson type bi-distribution circuits are connected, while substantially middle parts of resistances used as isolation resistances of the respective Wilkinson type bi-distribution circuits are connected by a metallic thin wire.

Abstract: A microwave coupler which receives an input signal and converts it into two output signals is dislosed wherein the output signals exhibit the same phasing, the output signals are isolated, and a predetermined ratio exists between the power level of one output signal and the power level of the other output signal. An equal-split power divider transforms the input signal into intermediate signals which are then isolated and phase shifted. A quadrature hybrid combines the phase shifted signals and produces the output signals.

Abstract: A metallic support supports a number of semi-conductor devices surrounded by an annular dielectric substrate which in turn supports a circuit including at least two microstrip lines and a metallic circular output element. The small thickness and high dielectric constant of the substrate are selected to permit a reduction in width and in length of the microstrip lines which are folded-back in a curvelinear fashion and placed on the substrate along circular arcs which are concentric with the output element.