Abstract: An in-phase power divider is constructed of a double field-effect transistor having a common source, first and second gates and first and second drains. The gates are coupled together and adapted to receive a radio frequency signal of power P to be power divided. The power divided output signals each at substantially P.div.2 or more appear at the drains. An alternative power divider for producing unequal power division is constructed of a double dual gate FET having, in addition to the above-mentioned elements, third and fourth gates. By appropriate unequal application of gate bias to the additional gates unequal power division is effected.

Abstract: A broadband non-resonant microwave frequency halver which simultaneously decouples the input frequency from the output port through phase cancellation and couples the subharmonic frequency to the output port through phase addition providing good isolation between input and output over a very broad frequency range. The implementation of this circuit specifically excludes resonant, or frequency dependent elements and therefore has a much broader band of operation than previous circuits which relied on resonant phenomena.

Abstract: An in-phase power combiner is constructed of a double field-effect transistor having a common drain, first and second gates and first and second sources. The gates are adapted to receive radio frequency signals of powers P1and P2, where P1=P2, to be power combined. The combined power output signal P equal to at least P1+P2 appears at the drain. An alternative power combiner for producing power combination of two unequal power input signals is constructed of a double dual gate FET having, in addition to the above-mentioned elements, third and fourth gates.

Abstract: A microwave combiner arrangement for isolatingly combining a plurality of microwave inputs with pairs of isolation resistors, each of the resistors of a pair being combined to a common terminal. The common terminals are in turn interconnected by wavelength-long conductors. Adjacent pairs of inputs are additionally connected by quarter wavelength conductors to corresponding outputs. The outputs are in turn connected in half wavelength connections to a final output terminal.

Abstract: This invention allows the combination of any M of N signal inputs, combines the signals inputs in phase, and does not require switches to terminate unused inputs.Microstrip switching means provide an array of N quarter-wave tuners and an associated single, common, quarter-wave tuner that are interconnected by N semiconductor switching means. Each of the N semiconductor switches is connected with one of the N quarter-wave tuners and is operable to provide a low impedance between its connected quarter-wave tuner and the single common quarter-wave tuner.Microstrip connecting means for the microstrip switching means forms an array of N transmission lines N associated quarter-wave transformers for semiconductor switch biasing and a single transmission line.

Abstract: A network having a plurality of network ports includes a plurality of substantially identical independent components, each one thereof having a plurality of ports, the degree of coupling among the ports of each component being characterized by a predetermined scattering coefficient matrix. A plurality of feed networks is included, each one having: a first port corresponding to one of the plurality of network ports; and, a plurality of second ports each one being coupled to a corresponding one of the plurality of ports of each one of the plurality of components, the degree of coupling among the first port and the plurality of second ports of each of the feed networks being characterized by a predetermined scattering coefficient matrix. The plurality of feed networks and the coupling thereof to the components characterize the network with a scattering coefficient matrix, relating the coupling among the network ports, different from the scattering coefficient matrix characterizing each one of the components.

Abstract: A strip transmission line power divider having an isolated port remote from the output ports is disclosed. Power division is provided by a two branch strip transmission line. A coaxial transmission line coupled between the output ports of the divider is coupled to an isolated port where terminating resistors of any convenient power rating may be used.

Abstract: A multi-port power controller uses remote-controllable variable reactive elements to set the amount of power delivered to the ports.

Abstract: An N-way, lumped element, matched, isolated branch power divider in planar form is disclosed. Lumped inductors are disposed on the top surface of a dielectric substrate, an isolation resistor network is disposed on the bottom surface of the substrate and the substrate is suspended above a ground conductor by lumped element capacitors. The capacitance values of the capacitors and the inductance values of the inductors are selected to provide between the common terminal and each branch terminal a lumped element .pi. network transmission line having a phase shift of about 90.degree. at frequencies within an operating range of frequencies.

Abstract: A power combiner has been described incorporating N transmission lines each having a quarter wavelength or multiple thereof for a frequency within a predetermined frequency range where the input of each transmission line has a resistor coupled thereto with the other ends of the resistors coupled together using inductance and capacitance to compensate for the distances between the resistors to provide a floating node which is low impedance in the predetermined frequency range. A composite amplifier is described on gallium arsenide wherein a power divider and power combiner are coupled to a plurality of MESFET's and wherein each input and output of the power combiner and power divider have a resistive load with respect to the MESFET while including a matching circuit and wherein each input of the combiner has a resistor coupled to a first floating node and each output of the divider has a resistor coupled to a second floating node.

Abstract: The microwave radio frequency power divider/combiner comprises a signal input/output matching network coupled between a signal input/output and a central point of the power divider/combiner. M impedance transformer sections are connected in parallel to the central point and radiate outwardly therefrom with each of the M transformer sections having a first predetermined length, where M is integer greater than one. M pairs of impedance transformers sections are provided with each pair being coupled to an end of a different one of the M transformer sections remote from the central point with each of the transformer sections of the M pairs of transformers sections having the first predetermined length. N output/input ports are each coupled to an end of a different one of the transformer sections of the M pairs of transformer sections remote from the M transformer sections. Each of the N ports are matched to a given impedance and N is equal to 2M.

Abstract: An n-port high frequency coupler for coupling opposite strip-type ports (10a, 10c) and (20a, 20c). The coupler includes transmission line stubs (10b, 10d and 20b, 20d), each having a width less than the width of the ports and being connected at one end to the corresponding port and electrically connected at the opposite end, in a central zone (40) of the coupler to the other stubs. A resonant transmission line loop is coupled to the stubs at locations which are symmetrically-disposed with respect to the central zone. The loop has a width which is substantially equal to the width of the ports and a mean length effecting establishment of a resonant frequency just below the passband of the coupler.

Abstract: A dynamic electronic switch (10) having n inputs (2) and m outputs (4), where n and m are any positive integers. The electromagnetic signal on any given input (2) may be switched onto any number of outputs (4), but any given output (4) may have no more than one input signal switched thereonto at any given time. Switching nodes (8), comprising at least one switching diode (11, 13, 15) and a directional edge coupler (17) embedded between two parallel ground planes (9, 1) in a planar mother board (5), perform switching at each intersection of an input (2) and an output (4). Each output (4) is mounted on a planar dielectric summer board (6) positioned orthogonal to the mother board (5).

Abstract: A wideband microwave device for generating even harmonics of an incident microwave signal. A co-planar-type input structure conducts an incident microwave signal with an asymmetrical propagation mode. Two asymmetrical mode outputs of an equiphase divider are applied to respective inputs of two nonlinear circuit structures, whose respective output signals include even harmonics of the incident signal. The two outputs signals are combined in a circuit having an asymmetrical propagation mode output and which may be followed by a filtering circuit helping to isolate the desired even harmonic.

Abstract: A dual-gate MESFET forms the basic building block for a variety of signal coupling applications for use in adaptive microwave communication systems. By controlled biasing of its electrodes, a dual-gate MESFET may be operated as an active signal combiner/divider device. As such, it is capable of providing controlled signal transfer functions, so that it may be used in a variety of adaptive system applications including controlled switching devices, channelized power dividers, active channel fitters, phase shifters, complex weighting devices, etc.

Abstract: A wideband power adder-divider for high-frequency circuits including a first conductive transmission line (10) for passing a high-frequency current, second and third conductive transmission lines (20) and (30) over which this high-frequency current is distributed, and a conductive wedge-shaped transition section (40) joining the first to the second and third lines. This section has two arc-shaped outer edges (41) and (42) which are tangentially connected at one end of the section to the first line and at the other end to the second and third lines. The section includes parallel slots extending transversely to the direction of propagation of the current. The parallel slots (51) to (58) have ends which are separated from the arc-shaped edges by a distance which is less than the width of the second and third transmission lines.

Abstract: A variable microwave stripline power divider, in which the power seen at h of two outputs can be varied over a wide range without appreciably changing the power seen at the other output. In one embodiment, this is accomplished mechanically by shorting posts connecting the patch member to a ground plane member of the device at selected points. In another embodiment of the invention, this is accomplished electronically by a plurality of electronic switching devices connected between a like plurality of patch member shorting points and a ground plane member, which are selectively activated by a microcomputer.

Abstract: A coaxial cable coupler that provides a low impedance through conductor for a passive coaxial transmission cable and a high impedance tap to periodic transmission means and receiver means. The tap connection is a removable connection that is formed by a resilient electrical conductor compressed between exposed portions of the main transmission through conductor and an exposed tap conductor interconnecting the high impedance networks of the transmission means and the receiver means.

Abstract: A microwave combiner/divider circuit instrumented in stripline medium and therefore planar in form. Circuit traces are produced by etching of a standard microwave printed circuit board having a conductive ground plane or base plate and a layer of low-loss insulation over which a copper layer is provided. A common signal port feeds a division point through a capacitive stub and a two-stage, ring-type impedance matching circuit. The multiple circuit traces emanating from the division point are arranged so that N individual branch ports are connected thereto. The stripline circuitry between the division point and the branch ports provide compensation for phase reversal. Resistors for branch port isolation connected within the stripline circuitry such that for equal loads or equal power sources connected to the branch ports (divider or combiner applications, respectively) zero currents flow in these resistors and they are therefore not required to provide a large power dissipating capability.

Abstract: A high frequency stripline-type power divider/combiner comprising a patterned metal layer having an input and two output strips, a dielectric substrate, and a resistive material layer interposed between the metal layer and substrate. A portion of the resistive material layer defines a resistive bridge that extends between and resistively interconnects the output strips, thereby acting as a resistive load for the cancellation of reflected power output signals. The patterned metal layer and resistive bridge are concurrently defined by standard photolithographic and etching techniques, thereby allowing the simple and accurate fabrication of an integral power divider/combiner.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ultrahigh-frequency transmission line of the three-plate air type comprising two parallel conducting plates, the space separating these two plates being filled with air, a central conducting strip placed between said two plates and a plurality of dielectric material supports spread out along each side of said strip, each support comprising a notch in each of which said strip is positioned so as to be held in place.

Abstract: A compact apparatus for the accurate measurement of complex reflection coefficients and VSWR of a device over a bandwidth of an octave or greater by preferably measuring three power levels at detectors associated with the device. The device is formed by the junction of 5 transmission lines two of which are used for receiving a test signal and for transmitting the signal to the device being measured. The other three transmission lines are connected to detector arms each having a detector associated therewith. The techniques of the invention are embodied herein in a waveguide embodiment, a stripline embodiment and a microstrip embodiment of the invention.

Abstract: A beam forming network comprising multi-deck circuitry with a plurality of levels within each deck formed by asymmetric striplines having a multiplicity of inner conductor levels. Interlevel coupling is accomplished with 3 dB couplers which power split signals incident thereto between transmission line levels and 0 dB interlevel couplers which transfer signals from one level to another without significant attenuation.

Abstract: A chip-level power combiner comprises plural amplifier devices, a power divider, and a power combiner. The power divider and the power combiner are disposed in mirror-image fashion. Each divider/combiner comprises a first divider/combiner section having plural branch transmission lines cascading from/to a main transmission line, and a second divider/combiner section having plural feeder transmission lines cascading from/to each branch of the transmission line. Each of the branch and feeder transmission lines has an isolation resistor interposed between adjacent lines, and the feeder transmission lines are tapered.

Abstract: A suspended microstrip circuit having a dielectric substrate arranged in parallel between two parallel metal planes. First and second strip conductors are provided on the substrate, the second strip conductor being in parallel with the first strip conductor and coupled thereto. A wave phenomenon can propagate through the conductor pair in an odd mode. The metal box accommodating the microwave circuit may now be much greater so that in most cases one box is sufficient. Microwave components such as Magic-T, series-T, shunt-T, circulators, filters, attenuators, can be implemented with the suspended microstrip line.

Abstract: A multilevel stripline transformer which transforms the center strips of a one level stripline system to a common ground plane between levels of a multilevel stripline system. The upper and lower ground planes of the one level system are each ribboned to form extensions of inner strips of the one level system, which are converted alternately to upper and lower level microstrips having the common ground plane as its ground plane. These upper and lower level microstrips are then transformed to be the center conductors of the upper and lower levels of the multilevel stripline system.

Abstract: A power divider/combiner assembly is provided which matches the impedance seen at the input/output port with the impedance seen at the peripheral end of each of plural radial transmission lines. Impedance matching is accomplished through the use of an inverted microstrip on a substrate suspended over an air dielectric. The thickness of the air dielectric is varied along each transmission line in discrete steps from the common dividing/combining end to the peripheral end of each transmission line. The air dielectric thickness can be chosen independently for each section of line so that a characteristic impedance of from 40 ohms to greater than 130 ohms is achieved.

Abstract: A power distribution network is disclosed for use in a frequency scan antenna element. A microwave signal applied to the input of the network is power divided and phase shifted so as to provide, at a plurality of output ports, signals of equal amplitude and, at a design frequency, phase equality. The signals appearing at the output ports are phase delayed relative to the signals at adjacent outputs such that an input signal frequency other than the design frequency presents a wave front across the output ports angled away from the normal to the output ports. The present invention discloses a series-parallel configuration of the power distribution network which provides improvements over both the pure-series and the pure-parallel configurations of the prior art.

Abstract: A microwave power combiner/divider is matched internally and has increased bandwidth. A microwave integrated circuit disk within the housing has high impedance radially directed quarter-wavelength lines to obtain an impedance match for the desired mode at the centered coaxial port. Bridging half-wavelength lines between adjacent peripheral ports match the undesired mode and connect to absorbing resistors; these lines also provide bandwidth compensation. The housing has an annular shield with an opening near the centered coaxial line to provide a high choke impedance.

Abstract: In a microstrip circuit having dual diode driven, independently oscillati half-wave open ring resonating sections, partially coupled quarter-wave ring sections are provided to permit matching and tuning of diodes having dissimilar negative impedances. The quarter wave ring sections are combined with appropriate line sections to accommodate the negative impedance devices. The diode circuits are connected to the low impedance points of the oscillating ring sections by the quarter-wave ring sections. Appropriate terminations to ground are provided to suppress possible oscillations in a bias circuit. Second and third harmonic traps are provided for use with TRAPATT diodes. Ground lines are provided to reduce circuit unbalance in the event of drastic power changes occuring on either side of the circuit which may other wise result in odd mode operation. Slots are provided to suppress an undesired transverse resonance mode in the line sections accommodating the negative impedance devices.

Abstract: A microwave circuit has a flat dielectric substrate with one face carrying a grounded metallic layer partly broken away to leave room for a multiplicity of conductor strips coplanar therewith which form part of one or more transmission lines having input and output ends each comprising an ungrounded strip portion flanked by two zones of the grounded layer. Electrical continuity between separated portions of that layer, and/or between nonadjacent conductor strips, is established by short-circuiting wires jumping across intervening strip sections. With coupled transmission lines operating with different modes of propagation, this structure substantially equalizes their respective phase velocities.

Abstract: A transmission line hybrid junction which provides a power dividing and combining function between a first port and a pair of ports. In one embodiment it provides a well-matched, high-isolation, three-port, equal-power, equal-phase, power dividing junction with a bandwidth adequate for typical radio frequency applications. The hybrid junction comprises a single transmission line coupled to a pair of branch transmission lines, and a single resistive element coupled between the branch lines. The single transmission line comprises a quarter wavelength transforming section and each of the branch transmission lines comprises two cascaded quarter wavelength transforming sections. Coupling between two transforming sections of the branch transmission lines permits independent selection of the characteristic impedance of those sections in the odd and even modes of excitation.

Abstract: A broadband, low loss, microwave integrated circuit power combiner for field effect transistors and other solid state amplifiers has a single metallized MIC substrate contained within a waveguide structure. An array of fin-line transitions from plural microstrip lines to a standard output waveguide can be tapered and placed directly in the waveguide taper region. Undesired higher order modes are absorbed by resistance metallization strips at the tips of the fin-lines or by resistor networks which bridge the microstrip lines.

Abstract: A quadriphase modulator, designed in a planar metal geometry for operation in the microwave frequency range, uses Schottky barrier diodes as the switching elements, and is capable of operating at bit data rates up to 15% of the carrier frequency. The microwave circuit employs a microstrip power splitter that couples the carrier signal to two biphase modulators while providing DC isolation. Each biphase modulator includes coplanar-to-slot transmission line transition, with a pair of diodes controlling the phase shift across the transition. The diodes are connected in reverse polarity and the bias for switching the diodes is controlled by the modulating signal. The slot lines from the two biphase modulators are coupled through a microstrip transition and through a Lange 90 degree hybrid to the output load.

Abstract: A radio frequency power divider/combiner having a pair of conductive plates between which the dominant E-type mode is produced by symmetrical excitation at a central point preferably by means of a coaxial line having its outer conductor attached to the first of these plates, and its inner (center) conductor passing freely therethrough and attaching to the second of these parallel plates in an impedance matching flareout. A plurality of uniformly distributed collectors each in the form of a loop feeding the coaxial branch port provides for low loss. The entire assembly is in the form of a thick disc with radially extended branch ports about its perimeter and a common excitation feed extending normally from the surface of the first plate. Resistors are provided between adjacent portions of the end-on loops for the suppression of circumferential current components corresponding to undesired modes.

Abstract: An improved and modified hybrid-ring coupler using distributed, quarter-wave length, tuning element to achieve the proper phasing between signal paths. Extra line lengths have been added to accommodate the addition of a third port so the device is a three-way combiner/divider. Two isolation ports accommodating external isolation resistors are provided. Instrumentation is preferably in microstrip medium.

Abstract: The collectors or the bases of three RF power transistors, each mounted on a separate substrate, are connected in parallel by means of transmission line segments connected so that the current flowing in the center transistor splits evenly and joins the current from the end transistors at an initial combining point, which points are then connected to a final combining point to provide the shortest transmission lines to the initial and final combining points.

Abstract: An apparatus for combining outputs of serially connected high frequency power sources includes a number of input ports, an output port, and a power combination structure. The power combination structure includes two outer conductive layers which extend from the input ports to the output port and one or more intermediate conductive layers which extend from the input ports to a power combination region. High frequency power from the input ports propagates to the power combination region and therein combines vectorially. The sum of the individual input power levels then propagates to the output port. The power combiner can be reversed and used as a power divider operating into serially connected loads. A preferred embodiment, including two copper clad dielectric members and an aluminum base, operates at about 915 MHz. The power combiner can be constructed in a coaxial configuration.

Abstract: A microstrip circuit which features a pair of open ring resonators sections adapted to oscillate independently in their even mode. In a preferred form, the ring resonator sections are each driven by a TRAPATT diode, and include a load circuit which combines the individual power outputs to a common load. Tuning stubs and the like may be provided to reactively trap harmonics in order to initiate the desired TRAPATT mode, and additional ring resonators may be interposed between the driving circuit and the load to filter the fundamental frequency, if desired. Other configurations permit power to be combined from two or more sets of dual ring resonators.

Abstract: A millimeter wave MIC diplexer constructed in either stripline or microstrip comprising two edge coupled bandpass filters separated by specific lengths of transmission lines designed to separate two bands of frequencies. Input signals having frequencies within a first band are passed through one of the bandpass filters while being isolated from the other and input signals having frequencies within a second band are passed through the other bandpass filter while being isolated from the first filter.

Abstract: A stripline printed circuit power divider is disclosed disposed on opposite ides of a central dielectric substrate in a three substrate layered stripline orientation. An electrically coupled, coplanar, dual lead of the power divider disposed on opposite sides of the central dielectric substrate is joined into a single lead on one side of the substrate by diverting each coplanar lead and passing one lead through a hole in the dielectric to be joined with the other lead on a single surface of the dielectric.