Abstract: A communication apparatus includes a signal line that connects an antenna and a wireless communication module to each other, the signal line having a portion where the signal line is divided in part into sections, with an adjacent portion adjacent to the divided portion of the signal line being greater in line width than a main body portion of the signal line; a first ground pattern disposed to face the main body portion; and a second ground pattern disposed to face the adjacent portion. The distance from the adjacent portion to the second ground pattern is longer than the distance from the main body portion to the first ground pattern. The antenna and the wireless communication module are connected to each other through the signal line and a solder adhered to the adjacent portion.

Abstract: A digital microphone compresses a large voltage swing signal from a MEMS capacitor to a signal suitable for processing by integrated circuitry. The compression may be performed in an analog domain by selectively coupling adjustment capacitors in parallel to the MEMS capacitor. The digital microphone may decompress the signal in the digital domain using a decompression technique substantially an inverse of the compression performed in the analog domain.

Abstract: In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, a coil design for the transmission of wireless power. In some embodiments, the coil can include a winding with one or more turns of conductive traces mounted on a substrate, wherein the one or more turns include characteristics that enhance operation of the coil. In some embodiments, the winding includes a transmit coil and a receive coil, each coupled to terminals that provide for a transmit functionality and a receive functionality. In some embodiments, the traces are varied in width and/or thickness in order to optimize the inductance and the coil resistance. In some embodiments, parameters of a control circuit coupled to the coil to affect a transmit functionality or a receive functionality can be optimized.

Abstract: A terminal device, infrastructure equipment, methods and integrated circuitry for use with a wireless telecommunications network. The terminal device comprises a receiver configured to receive a first signal, the first signal being transmitted using a first number of antenna ports and encoded according to the first number of antenna ports, the first number of antenna ports being predetermined, and to receive a second signal, the second signal being transmitted using a second number of antenna ports and encoded according to the second number of antenna ports, the second number of antenna ports being indicated by the first signal. The terminal device also comprises a controller that configures the receiver to decode the first signal using the predetermined first number of antenna ports, and decode the second signal using the second number of antenna ports indicated by the first signal.

Abstract: An electrical system including a body having a structure resembling a double helix wound around a toroidal structure may be used to produce useful electromagnetic effects for various applications, including providing therapy and promoting growth of living organisms.

Abstract: A front end module (FEM) for a 5.2 GHz Wi-Fi acoustic wave resonator RF filter circuit. The device can include a power amplifier (PA), a 5.2 GHz resonator, and a diversity switch. The device can further include a low noise amplifier (LNA). The PA is electrically coupled to an input node and can be configured to a DC power detector or an RF power detector. The resonator can be configured between the PA and the diversity switch, or between the diversity switch and an antenna. The LNA may be configured to the diversity switch or be electrically isolated from the switch. Another 5.2 GHZ resonator may be configured between the diversity switch and the LNA. In a specific example, this device integrates a 5.2 GHz PA, a 5.2 GHZ bulk acoustic wave (BAW) RF filter, a single pole two throw (SP2T) switch, and a bypassable LNA into a single device.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for on-chip harmonic filtering for radio frequency (RF) communications. A filtering and matching circuit for an integrated circuit includes a first capacitance coupled in parallel with a first inductance, a second inductance coupled to the first inductance, and a variable second capacitance coupled between the first and second inductance. The variable second capacitance is controlled to provide filtering with respect to the RF signal as well as impedance matching with respect to a load coupled to the connection pad. For one embodiment, the variable second capacitance includes a coarse-tune variable capacitor circuit and a fine-tune variable capacitor circuit. The coarse-tuning controls impedance matching, and the fine tuning controls a notch for the filtering. The load can be an antenna for the RF communications. The integrated circuit can include a receive path, a transmit path, or both.

Abstract: An antenna device includes an array antenna formed of five radiating elements arrayed on a dielectric substrate, and a feeder circuit that feeds a high frequency signal to the radiating elements making up the array antenna. The five radiating elements are arrayed on a first straight line drawn in a direction horizontal to the ground, and an excitation voltage of the radiating element positioned at the center of the array is set to be 2.2 times or more an average value of excitation voltages of the other radiating elements.

Abstract: A transceiver arrangement comprises a receiver arranged for frequency-division duplex communication; a transmitter arranged for frequency-division duplex communication; a transmission port for connecting to an antenna; a balancing impedance circuit arranged to provide an impedance arranged to mimic the impedance at the transmission port; and a filtering arrangement, which comprises filters of a first type and filters of a second type, connecting the receiver, transmitter, transmission port and balancing impedance circuit. The filters of the first type are arranged to pass signals at transmitter frequency and attenuate signals at receiver frequency and are connected between the transmitter and the transmission port and between the receiver and the balancing impedance circuit.

Abstract: The present disclosure may include, for example, a tunable capacitor having a decoder for generating a plurality of control signals, and an array of tunable switched capacitors comprising a plurality of fixed capacitors coupled to a plurality of switches. The plurality of switches can be controlled by the plurality of control signals to manage a tunable range of reactance of the array of tunable switched capacitors. Additionally, the array of tunable switched capacitors is adapted to have non-uniform quality (Q) factors. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Reflectionless electronic filters, as well as a method for designing such filters is disclosed, along with a method of realizing critical subcircuits within those filters that mimic the behavior of tee- and pi-networks having negative elements, though the critical subcircuits themselves are entirely passive. This allows a much broader range of transmission responses to be realized in reflectionless form than in the prior art, and especially with lower ripple factor for deeper rejection in equal-ripple Chebyshev responses. Reflectionless filters preferably function by absorbing the stop-band portion of the spectrum rather than reflecting it back to the source, which has significant advantages in many different applications.

Abstract: Reflectionless low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop, all-pass, all-stop, and multi-band filters, as well as a method for designing such filters is disclosed, along with a method of enhancing the performance of such filters through the use of unmatched sub-networks to realize an optimal frequency response, such as the Chebyshev equal-ripple response. These filters preferably function by absorbing the stop-band portion of the spectrum rather than reflecting it back to the source, which has significant advantages in many different applications. The unmatched sub-networks preferably offer additional degrees of freedom by which element values can be assigned to realize improved cutoff sharpness, stop-band rejection, or other measures of performance.

Abstract: One embodiment provides an electronic device, comprising: an antenna structure comprising an antenna body and an antenna tuning circuit; an RF circuit coupled to the antenna structure via a first capacitor to transmit an RF signal through the antenna structure; a Specific Absorption Ratio (SAR) sensor coupled to the antenna structure via a first inductor to detect, through the antenna structure, a change of capacitance within a target range, wherein a second capacitor in the antenna tuning circuit is located within the target range; and a control circuit for outputting a control signal to the antenna tuning circuit to adjust the second capacitor in the antenna tuning circuit to match RF signals having different frequencies; wherein a power supply terminal of the control circuit is coupled to a constant voltage power source. Other aspects are described and claimed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to communication systems and electrical circuits. According to an embodiment, an input termination circuit includes a first attenuation resistor and a second attenuation resistor. The resistance values of these two resistors are adjusted in opposite directions to maintain a stable output impedance. There are other embodiments as well.

Abstract: Disclosed are ultra-small, planar antennas. The antennas include a circuit board having a first side and a second side and an off-center connector aperture and connector pad; a connector perpendicularly engaging the off-center connector aperture and connector pad of the circuit board; and a radiating element positioned adjacent the off-center connector aperture on a surface of circuit board having a perpendicular connection in plane to the off-center connector pad wherein the radiating element is not positioned below the connector. The ultra-compact, meander line, planar antenna, such as a planar inverted F antenna (PIFA), can be incorporated into wireless networking devices operating in the 2.4 GHz WiFi band. The combination of meander line and antenna elements yield improved performance operating in either free space or connected to a ground plane. Its compact design makes it ideal for WiFi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, and 802.11a/b/g/n/ac applications.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a radio frequency (RF) power transistor package. It further relates to a mobile telecommunications base station comprising such an RF power transistor package, and to an integrated passive die suitable for use in an RF power amplifier package. In example embodiments, an in-package impedance network is used that is connected to an output of the RF power transistor arranged inside the package. This network comprises a first inductive element having a first and second terminal, the first terminal being electrically connected to the output of the RF transistor, a resonance unit electrically connected to the second terminal of the first inductive element, and a second capacitive element electrically connected in between the resonance unit and ground, where the first capacitive element is arranged in series with the second capacitive element.

Abstract: A compact harmonic tuner system uses a two-carriage harmonic slide-screw impedance tuner employs, single and dual frequency band metallic disc probes travelling along and rotating diametrically inside the same slabline, which therefore is only one half, instead of full, the wavelength long at the minimum frequency of operation. Using disc probes allows probe control operation without high precision vertical axes, as well as high resolution in the area where the gap between center conductor and probe is small (high GAMMA), a smooth increase of proximity between probe and center conductor and the possibility to compensate for the negative phase slope at higher GAMMA, native to traditional slide screw tuners using vertically moving square probes (slugs).

Abstract: A matching circuit in a communication apparatus may comprise a first inductor disposed at a primary side of a transformer; a second inductor disposed at a secondary side of the transformer; and an impedance element connected to the first inductor and the second inductor. Also, a first terminal of the first inductor may be connected to an input terminal of the transformer, a second terminal of the first inductor may be connected to a common node connected to a ground, a first terminal of the second inductor may be connected to an output terminal of the transformer, a second terminal of the second inductor may be connected to the common node, a first terminal of the impedance element may be connected to the common node, and a second terminal of the impedance element may be connected to the ground.

Abstract: Techniques for reducing reflected reactance in a wireless power transfer system are provided. An example apparatus includes a resonant network including a variable reactance element, such that the resonant network is configured to resonant when the variable reactance element is at a resonant reactance value, a control circuit operably coupled to the variable reactance element and configured to determine a first reactance value and a second reactance value, such that an output of the PRU is the desired output when the variable reactance element is either the first reactance value or the second reactance value, and the first reactance value is below the resonant reactance value and the second reactance value is above the resonant reactance value, determine an indication of a source reactance associated with a wireless power source, and adjust the variable reactance element to either the first reactance value or the second reactance value based on the indication of the source reactance.

Abstract: An impedance matching device comprising a variable reactor having a main winding and control winding, wherein a generated magnet field in the core is an AC magnetic field with a magnitude exceeding a value to settle a deviation between a control target value for impedance matching and a feedback value, by changing the magnitude of the generated magnetic field by changing a control current passing through the control winding, thereby controlling inductance of the variable rector to be a predetermined value to perform impedance matching, the response delay in the impedance matching is reduced by reducing a response delay in the inductance variation of the variable reactor.

Abstract: A hybrid digital electronic tuner (HDET) uses a modified forward signal power injection technique, a variance of a prior art Gamma Boosting Unit (GBU) technique, cascaded with a digital, PIN diode based, electronic tuner, all integrated in the same low loss parallel plate airline (slabline) to create a compact hybrid tuner unit able of generating thousands of high reflection factors (|Gamma|?1) at millisecond tuning speed.

Abstract: A high power low frequency tuner uses motor controlled rotary capacitors submerged in low loss high epsilon dielectric fluid and lengths of semi-rigid RF cable interconnecting the floating static blocks of the capacitors, the rotating blocks being grounded. And tuner calibration and tuning methods, allowing accurate tuning and perfect Smith chart impedance coverage. The full calibration lasts several hours and is reduced by the “de-embedded” calibration algorithm to minutes. A maximum power embodiment comprises full immersion of capacitors and interconnecting cables in circulated dielectric liquid (mineral oil) for breakdown voltage increase and heat removal.

Abstract: A variable phase shift circuit has a phase shifter including a first port and a second port; a through path including a first port and a second port; a first switch including a first common port and configured to select the first port of the phase shifter or the first port of the through path and to connect the first port or the first port to the first common port; and a second switch including a second common port and configured to select the second port of the phase shifter or the second port of the through path and to connect the second port or the second port to the second common port. Phase shift amounts between the first common port and the second common port are switched in accordance with selections made by the first switch and the second switch.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to communication systems and electrical circuits. According to an embodiment, an input termination circuit includes a first attenuation resistor and a second attenuation resistor. The resistance values of these two resistors are adjusted in opposite directions to maintain a stable output impedance. There are other embodiments as well.

Abstract: A phase shifter includes a transformer including a first coil, a second coil that is magnetically coupled to the first coil, and a parasitic inductance component, and an impedance adjustment circuit including a reactance element connected to the transformer. The impedance adjustment circuit includes an input/output capacitor connected between a first port and a second port of the transformer, and the input/output capacitor is defined by an inter-coil capacitance generated between the first coil and the second coil and an input/output additional capacitor connected between the first port and the second port.

Abstract: A packaged transistor amplifier includes a package having an input lead and an output lead; a transistor stage having a plurality of unit cell transistors that are electrically coupled to the input lead in parallel, each of the unit cell transistors having an output; a first output bond pad that is coupled to a first subset of the outputs of the unit cell transistors by a first feed network; a second output bond pad that is separate from the first output bond pad, the second output bond pad coupled to a second subset of the outputs of the unit cell transistors by a second feed network; a first output bond wire coupled between the first output bond pad and the output lead; and a second output bond wire coupled between the second output bond pad and the output lead. Related design methods are also provided.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device comprises at least one non-linear circuit. Further the integrated circuit device comprises a plurality of terminal circuits coupled to the non-linear circuit. Each terminal circuit comprises an associated terminal and an inductor coupled to the associated terminal and to the at least one non-linear circuit. A protective device for protection of a circuit, comprises an electro-static discharge protection element configured to be coupled to a circuit terminal and an inductor coupled to the electro-static discharge protection element and configured to be coupled to the circuit. The inductor has a low quality factor.

Abstract: The present disclosure may include, for example, a tunable capacitor having a decoder for generating a plurality of control signals, and an array of tunable switched capacitors comprising a plurality of fixed capacitors coupled to a plurality of switches. The plurality of switches can be controlled by the plurality of control signals to manage a tunable range of reactance of the array of tunable switched capacitors. Additionally, the array of tunable switched capacitors is adapted to have non-uniform quality (Q) factors. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Multistage matching networks and analytical frameworks for improving and/or optimizing the networks is provided. In one example, a framework relaxes the resistive constraint on the input and load impedances of the stages of a multistage matching network and allows them to be complex. Based on this framework, the design of multistage matching networks can be improved or optimized, such as using a method of Lagrange multipliers. A design optimization approach, for example, can be used to predict an optimum distribution of gains and impedance characteristics among the stages of a multistage matching network. The efficiency of matching networks designed using this example approach is compared with a conventional design approach, and it is shown that significant efficiency improvements are possible.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a radio frequency (RF) power transistor package. It further relates to a mobile telecommunications base station comprising such an RF power transistor package, and to an integrated passive die suitable for use in an RF power amplifier package. In example embodiments, an in-package impedance network is used that is connected to an output of the RF power transistor arranged inside the package. This network comprises a first inductive element having a first and second terminal, the first terminal being electrically connected to the output of the RF transistor, a resonance unit electrically connected to the second terminal of the first inductive element, and a second capacitive element electrically connected in between the resonance unit and ground, where the first capacitive element is arranged in series with the second capacitive element.

Abstract: This relates to wireless communication on-board aircraft. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method for controlling an on-board aircraft network cell to be used in an on-board aircraft wireless communication network, to such an on-board aircraft network cell configured to be used in an on-board aircraft wireless communication network, to an on-board aircraft wireless communication network comprising at least one such on-board aircraft network cell, and to an aircraft comprising such on-board aircraft wireless communication network. An embodiment of the on-board aircraft network cell comprises at least one Wireless Module unit, at least two Wireless Data Concentrator units, and at least two independent wireless links, each wireless link being established between the at least one Wireless Module unit and one of the at least two Wireless Data Concentrator units.

Abstract: A multiport RF switch assembly with integrated impedance tuning capability is described that provides a single RFIC solution to switch between transmit and receive paths in a communication system. Dynamic tuning is integrated into each switch sub-assembly to provide the capability to impedance match antennas or other components connected to the multiport switch. The tuning function at the switch can be used to shape the antenna response to provide better filtering at the switch/RF front-end (RFFE) interface to allow for reduced filtering requirements in the RFFE. Memory is designed into the multiport switch assembly, allowing for a look-up table or other data to reside with the switch and tuning circuit. The resident memory will result in easier integration of the tunable switch assembly into communication systems.

Abstract: An electronic component includes a multilayer body, a filter provided at the multilayer body, an input/output terminal provided at the multilayer body, and an impedance-matching loop via inductor at the multilayer body and connected between the filter and the input/output terminal, and including an impedance-matching inductor conductor layer, and first and second impedance-matching via hole conductors extending from the impedance-matching inductor conductor layer in a laminate direction. A capacitor including at least two conductor layers respectively connected with the first and second impedance-matching via hole conductors may not be provided.

Abstract: Compact, high Gamma, wideband, multi-carriage-multi-harmonic tuners use a meandering slabline structure and multiple probes and carriages. The meandering structure reduces the overall tuner length by more than half at 0.4 GHz. The required slabline bends are made using a vertical-to-horizontal slabline transition. Multiple probes are employed within the slabline segment closest to the test port, in order to minimize the insertion loss at higher frequencies, caused by the slabline bends. This tuner structure is mostly effective starting at fundamental frequencies below 1 GHz and operating at fundamental or harmonic frequencies as high as 18 GHz.

Abstract: A device and associated method for adjusting electrical impedance based on contact action are disclosed. The device includes a drive unit (1), a contact unit (2), a monitoring unit (3), and a control unit (4). The monitoring unit (3) measures an impedance signal of an electromagnetic functional material (7) in an alternating-current circuit, and transfers the impedance signal to the control unit (4). In response to the impedance signal measured by the monitoring unit (3), the control unit (4) controls the drive unit (1) to apply a mechanical load on the contact unit (2), which causes the contact unit (2) to contact the electromagnetic functional material (7). The value of a contact load is adjusted, so as to adjust the electrical impedance of the electromagnetic functional material (7), thereby achieving the objective of adjusting the impedance matching in the alternating-current circuit in real time.

Abstract: A package for a tunable filter is disclosed. In an embodiment, the tunable filter includes a substrate having a first interconnection plane and a semiconductor device assembled on the substrate in a first component plane, the semiconductor device electrically connected to the first interconnection plane and containing tunable passive components. The filter further includes a control unit arranged in the first component plane, a dielectric layer arranged above the first component plane, a second component plane arranged on the dielectric layer and discrete passive devices arranged in the second component plane and interconnected with the semiconductor device, wherein the tunable passive components are tunable by the control unit.

Abstract: A circuit includes a first transistor comprising a gate, a source, and a drain, and an inductor coupled between the gate and the source of the first transistor, wherein the source is further coupled to a current source and the gate is further coupled to an amplifier.

Abstract: A circuit for generating a negative group delay (NGD). The circuit comprises one or more electrical components, at least one of which has an input impedance that is sufficient for the electrical component(s) to generate an NGD. In an embodiment, the circuit comprises antenna that is configured to radiate an electrical signal delivered thereto and generate an NGD. The antenna has an input impedance sufficient for the antenna to generate the NGD. In another embodiment, the circuit comprises an amplifier that is configured to amplify an electrical signal delivered thereto and generate an NGD. In such an instance, the amplifier has an input impedance and either the amplifier or one or more matching circuits thereof has a quality factor sufficient to generate the NGD.

Abstract: An amplifier circuit includes an RF input port, an RF output port, a reference potential port, and an RF amplifier having an input terminal and a first output terminal. An output impedance matching network electrically couples the first output terminal to the RF output port. A first inductor is electrically connected in series between the first output terminal and the RF output port, a first LC resonator is directly electrically connected between the first output terminal and the reference potential port, and a second LC resonator is directly electrically connected between the first output terminal and the reference potential port. The first LC resonator is configured to compensate for an output capacitance of the RF amplifier at a center frequency of the RF signal. The second LC resonator is configured to compensate for a second order harmonic of the RF signal.

Abstract: A voltage controlled oscillator comprises a negative resistance, a first inductor, a fixed capacitor, and a frequency control component. The frequency control component comprises at least one varactor and at least a second inductor connected in series with the at least one varactor. A magnitude of an inductance of the second inductor is selected such that the frequency control component has an effective capacitance range larger than a capacitance range of the at least one varactor.

Abstract: A communication bus (B1, B2, Bp) in a motor vehicle (110) transfers electrical signals between the nodes (N1, N2, N3, Nn, N21, N2m, Np1, Npr) included in the motor vehicle. The communication bus comprises two unshielded signal lines (S1, S2) and a decoupling line (D), which are configured so as to divert undesired electromagnetic radiation deriving both from external systems that are not connected to the communication bus (B1, B2, Bp) and the electrical signals transferred via the unshielded signal lines (S1, S2). The decoupling line (D) is connected for alternating current to a ground potential in one and only one (N3) of the nodes (N1, N2, N3, Nn, N21, N2m, Np1, Npr) included in the communication system.

Abstract: A wireless power transmitter for transmitting power to a wireless power receiver in a wireless scheme includes a transmitting coil configured to transmit power, which is supplied by a power source, to a receiving coil of the wireless power receiver using resonance; and a detecting unit configured to detect a coupling state between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil using an input impedance of the wireless power transmitter.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a single structure multiple mode antenna are described. The antenna is preferably of a single layer construction having a plurality of inductor coils positioned on respective opposing substrate sides that are electrically connected. The antenna is also constructed having a plurality of electrical connections positioned along the first and second inductor coils. A plurality of terminals facilitates connection of the electrical connections thereby providing numerous electrical connection configurations and enables the antenna to be selectively tuned to various frequencies and frequency bands.

Abstract: A multi-band, electro-mechanical programmable impedance tuner for the frequency range between 10 and 200 MHz uses cascades of three or more continuously variable mechanical capacitors interconnected with sets of low loss flexible or semi-rigid cables; for each frequency band a different set of cables and capacitors are used. The cables and/or variable capacitors inside each tuning block are switchable manually or remotely. Multi-section variable capacitors are also used. Instantaneous impedance tuning is effectuated by changing the state of the capacitors using electrical stepper motors. The tuner is calibrated using a vector network analyzer and the data are saved in the memory of the control computer, which then allows tuning to any user defined impedance within the tuning range. Reflection factor values between 0 and higher than 0.9 can be obtained using this tuner at all frequency bands.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to a microchip apparatus, where the microchip apparatus comprises a plurality of metallic layers. Each of the metallic layers may have a respective layer thickness. The microchip apparatus also comprises electronic components integrated within the metallic layers. The electronic components may be configured to communicate data. Further, the electronic components include an antenna feed. The microchip apparatus includes an antenna coupled to the antenna feed. The antenna includes multiple loops, each loop being formed by at least one layer of the metallic layers.

Abstract: An antenna structure includes a radiator, a first metallic sheet, and a second metallic sheet. The first metallic sheet and the second metallic are positioned at two opposite sides of the radiator. The radiator includes a first radiator portion, a second radiator portion, a third radiator portion. The second radiator portion and the third radiator portion are symmetrically connected to the first radiator portion. The first radiator portion is coupled to the second metallic sheet, both the second radiator portion and the third radiator portion are coupled to the first metallic sheet. The first metallic sheet, the second metallic sheet, and the radiator jointly form a loop structure.

Abstract: A penetration terminal for connecting the coaxial cables inside and outside of the apparatus thereto is attached on the electric apparatus' frame, and the measurement of a combined capacitance of the antenna and the coaxial cable in the inner side of the apparatus is made possible from the outer side of the apparatus, so that it is possible to perform at any time the determination whether a wiring connection of the antenna mounted in the inner side of the electric apparatus is appropriate.

Abstract: An impedance matching circuit is disclosed. The impedance matching circuit adapted to an antenna includes a signal feed-in line, a phase delay line and a synthesized transmission line. The signal feed-in line receives an input signal from a wireless transceiver circuit. The phase delay line is electrically coupled between the antenna and the signal feed-in line, and delivers the input signal from the wireless transceiver circuit to the antenna. A first terminal of the synthesized transmission is electrically coupled to the signal feed-in line and the phase delay line. A second terminal of the synthesized transmission is configured to be opened. Based on the antenna operates in a first transmission medium or a second transmission medium, the input signal is transmitted to the antenna through different patterns selectively.

Abstract: An antenna device is provided and includes a circuit board, a first linear antenna, and a second linear antenna. The circuit board includes a grounding pattern and a feeding point insulated from the grounding pattern. The first linear antenna is connected to the grounding pattern and includes a first inductive element positioned between distal ends of the first linear antenna. The second linear antenna is connected to the feeding point and capacitively coupled to one of the distal ends of the first linear antenna. The second linear antenna includes a second inductive element positioned proximate a middle section of the second linear antenna.

Abstract: A novel and useful transmitter (TX) architecture for ultra-low power (ULP) radios. An all-digital PLL employs a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) having switching current sources to reduce supply voltage and power consumption without sacrificing phase noise and startup margins. It also reduces 1/f noise allowing the ADPLL after settling to reduce its sampling rate or shut it off entirely during direct DCO data modulation. A switching power amplifier integrates its matching network while operating in class-E/F2 to maximally enhance its efficiency. The transmitter has been realized in 28 nm CMOS and satisfies all metal density and other manufacturing rules. It consumes 3.6 mW/5.5 mW while delivering 0 dBm/3 dBm RF power in Bluetooth Low-Energy.