Abstract: A tilt coil is mounted in front of a deflection yoke of a cathode-ray tube in order to perform a tilt function and an earth magnetic field compensation function, in a tilt coil mounting device of a display. And more particularly speaking, an improved tilt coil mounting device of a display can make the tilt coil fixed around a bulb of the cathode ray tube at a fixed interval by a tilt fixing member separately provided in order to amicably mount the tilt coil, and fully perform tilt and earth magnetic field compensation functions.

Abstract: A deflection yoke device includes vertical deflection coils wound on a pair of cores, respectively, and a pair of horizontal deflection coils each having two longitudinal portions connected to a larger arcuate interconnecting portion and a smaller arcuate interconnecting portion, respectively. The smaller arcuate interconnecting portion is connected generally perpendicularly to the longitudinal portions, respectively, and the larger arcuate interconnecting portion is connected at an acute angle to the longitudinal portions, respectively.

Abstract: A multi-cathode electron beam plasma etcher is disclosed. The multi-cathode electron beam plasma etcher is comprised of: a vacuum chamber; several cathodes which are installed in the upper end of the upper part of the chamber and generates an electron beam in order to generate plasma in a large area; an acceleration electrode and a deceleration electrode which, form an acceleration and a deceleration tube structure in order to withdraw much of the electron beam, are arranged sequentially from the front of the cathode, and form an electrostatic lens when the differential voltage is applied respectively; first vacuum evacuation device to made the upper part of the chamber vacuum; an etching gas injection device which is installed in the side wall around the upper end of the lower part of the chamber; second vacuum evacuation device which is installed in the lower part of the chamber; and a holder of the etched body which is installed in the lower part of the chamber.

Abstract: A deflection device for a cathode-ray tube with three coplanar guns, comprising a pair of horizontal deflection coils and a pair of vertical deflection coils, each horizontal deflection coil having a main deflection winding extending over the length of the deflection device, and an auxiliary deflection winding. Each main deflection winding has a front portion and a rear portion. The auxiliary deflection winding is disposed in the front portion of the main deflection winding and is arranged to generate a magnetic field opposed to a field of the main deflection winding.

Abstract: A coupling structure of a convergence correction mechanism including a magnet set has a connecting member with an extension part for fitting axially onto one of a cathode ray tube and a neck part of a coil separator on the cathode ray tube and with an insertion part extending axially to a tip end from one axial end of the extension part for receiving the magnet set.

Abstract: A deflection yoke is comprised of a separator for insulating horizontal and vertical deflection coils, the horizontal deflection coils of saddle type are provided within and top and bottom portion of the separator respectively, the separator has ribs for partly separating the top and bottom of horizontal deflection coils at their confronted portions, so that the confronted portions confront directly each other where the ribs are not present, thereby a magnetic field generated by the horizontal deflection coils is collected depending on a location and configuration of the ribs.

Abstract: A deflecting apparatus capable of reducing assembling man-hour and improving deflection efficiency is provided. A coil bobbin 12 has an inner peripheral surface on which horizontal deflection coils are wound and includes a bobbin body 15 and a rear bend member 17 attachable to the rear side of the bobbin body 15, a bell-shaped core 22 having a one-piece structure is fitted on the outer peripheral surface of the bobbin body 15 in close contact therewith, and the rear bend member 17 is firmly attached to the bobbin body 15.

Abstract: A deflection system which improves picture distortion and misconvergence by eliminating the wrong winding of coil. in which a bobbin 20 for the deflection coil, whose partial cross section is of a funnel shape, is mounted on the outer peripheral surface of a cathode ray tube between a neck and a funnel for winding a deflection coil 26 thereon. When the deflection coil is wound from a bend onto the inner surface of a bobbin body, a coil layer regulating portion 40 is formed at a claw on the bend side. The coil layer regulating portion is a thick-wall portion formed on the inside of the claw on the bend side. By this thick-wall portion, a horizontal deflection coil 26 is wound on an average with respect to the bottom of respective bends 22 and 24 even when the horizontal deflection coil is wound from the bend 22, 24 onto the inner surface of the bobbin body. As a result, the coil is wound on an average with respect to a coil groove inside the bobbin, so that the wrong winding of coil is eliminated.

Abstract: A deflection yoke comprises an inner arm formed with at least one heat insulator, is disposed between a coil separator and a vertical coil, and has a front face in a rectangular shape. This deflection yoke provide a pictorial image of good quality by preventing overheat due to an eddy current induced from a high frequency-current and preventing distortions of a magnetic field.

Abstract: A liner of a deflection yoke is provided with non-threaded sleeves. A slide pin is inserted into the sleeve until a head portion of the pin comes in contact with a funnel of a cathode ray tube on which the yoke is mounted. After adjustment, a wedge is inserted into a hollow part of the pin for expanding radially the wall of the pin. Thereby, the pin is locked within the sleeve. In this way, the position of the yoke relative to the tube is secured.

Abstract: A deflection yoke for a cathode-ray tube, includes a pair of vertical deflection coils, a pair of horizontal deflection coils and a rigid separator insulating the pairs of deflection coils from each other. The separator has on its surface an arrangement for positioning and holding in place front and rear parts of saddle-shaped deflection coils. The arrangement forms an integral part of a body of the separator and is produced when molding the body.

Abstract: A deflection unit for deflecting the electron beams in a cathode ray tube has a hollow coil support of a synthetic material. At one end, the support has projections around which a clamping apparatus is arranged for securing the deflection unit to the neck of the cathode ray tube. The clamping apparatus has projections located opposite each other, while their mutual distance determining the diameter of the clamping apparatus is adjustable by tightening a bolt. The ends of the projections are constructed in such a way that they support each other when the bolt is tightened.

Abstract: A coma-error correction means of a deflection yoke is disclosed, in which a ferrite core wound with a vertical deflection coil is mounted on the periphery of a coil separator by a core clamp, a neck portion is extended from the top of the coil separator and attached with a coma-error correcting means at its horizontal surface, and a screen portion is extended from the bottom of the coil searator, wherein said coma-error correcting means includes a correction magnetic plate, two correction iron pieces serving as mounting surfaces and integrally formed at the end parts of the correction magnetic plate, and a coma-error correction coil wound on the top of the correction magnetic plate.

Abstract: A low-loss magnetic structure that provides an electron beam focusing field that can be accessed without field reversal. More specifically, the structure provides a uniform magnetic field that can be accessed from an adjacent field-free chamber within which an electron beam source of any size can be housed. The field-free chamber is separated from uniform field by a passive ferromagnet having a hole through which the electron beam can pass. The passive ferromagnet is instrumental in preventing the uniform field from entering the field-free chamber.

Abstract: A ferrite core for a deflection yoke of a CRT includes concave and convex portions for correcting a raster distortion of the deflection yoke by varying a magnetic path at one end of a screen portion of the ferrite core. The ferrite core may be incorporated in a deflection yoke that includes a horizontal deflection coil for deflecting electron beams emitted from an electron gun in the horizontal direction, a vertical deflection coil for deflecting the electron beams in the vertical direction, and a holder for fixing the horizontal deflection coil and the vertical deflection coil to given positions and separating them from each other. The ferrite core also prevents a magnetic force caused by the horizontal and vertical deflection coils from being reduced.

Abstract: A deflection yoke for a cathode ray tube can correct both the pincushion distortion at the upper and lower edges of the screen and the misconvergence of the screen at the same time by the deflection yoke itself without the need for a correction magnet. The deflection yoke comprises a saddle shaped horizontal deflection coil, a saddle shaped vertical deflection coil located outside the horizontal deflection coil, and a high permeability core located outside the vertical deflection coil. The core has notch portions at the center parts of the upper and lower portions of the screen side end.

Abstract: The improved convergence core assembly utilizes a separate carriage for the convergence core. This separate carriage properly aligns and holds the convergence core in relation to the convergence core assembly. In particular embodiments, the separate core carriage provides self centering and positional stability for the convergence core in the x-y plane, in the z-axis, and rotationally in the x-y plane. To accomplish this, the core carriage includes means for positioning the convergence core in the convergence core assembly. In certain embodiments, the means for positioning includes leaf springs and positioning tabs. The leaf springs tend to force the electromagnetic coil assembly against the stops of the positioning tabs to properly locate the convergence core in the z-axis. The positioning tabs also exert opposing spring forces on the convergence core to center the convergence core assembly in the x-y plane.

Abstract: A deflection yoke is comprised of a pair of separators 1a, 1b. A cylindrical neck 3 is formed on the pair of separators. Magnetic rings 7, 8, 10, 11 are installed on the neck. A spacer 19 is inserted between the magnet rings 8 and 10. A clamp band 5 is installed on the cylindrical neck, and fastens the deflection yoke to a neck of a cathode ray tube. The spacer has protuberances 19a, 19b. Projections 20a, 20b are formed on the pair of separators so as to engage with the protuberances for restricting rotation of the spacer.

Abstract: A device for correction of negative differential coma error in convergence free deflection yokes. The deflection yoke encloses a portion of a cathode ray tube, including a portion of the cathode ray tube neck, and includes: a separator around which is wound a horizontal deflection coil for providing a horizontal magnetic deflection field; a core around which is wound a vertical deflection coil for providing a vertical magnetic deflection field, the core partially encircling the separator; and a rear cover which attaches the deflection yoke to the cathode ray tube, the rear cover being disposed around the neck of the cathode ray tube and having a first side facing the direction of the screen of the cathode ray tube and resting against a rear end of the separator.

Abstract: Electromagnetic deflectors and methods for their manufacture are disclosed. The excitation coils inside such deflectors can be situated relative to each other and to an optical axis with a high degree of accuracy and precision. A pair of loop-shaped channels are formed opposite each other in the sides of a cylindrical insulating cylinder. An electrically conductive material is embedded in the channels to form a set of opposing coils operable to deflect a charged particle beam passing axially through the cylinder in one dimension. Multiple cylinders each comprising a set of opposing coils can be concentrically assembled to provide, e.g., a biaxial deflector operable to deflect the beam in an X-dimension and a Y-dimension. In such a biaxial deflector, the sets of coils are arranged perpendicular to each other. The cylinder(s) is placed concentrically inside a cylindrical outer casing made of a ferromagnetic material such as ferrite to make an electromagnetic deflector.

Abstract: A focusing system for a helix TWT includes a polepiece structure for conducting magnetic flux to a drift tube of the TWT in a first general direction and conducting the magnetic flux from the drift tube in a second general direction perpendicular to the first general direction. Radially magnetized permanent magnets are disposed at outer portions of the polepiece structure and supply the magnetic flux. A first pair of the magnets have a first direction of polarity, and a second pair of the magnets have a second direction of polarity opposite to the first direction. An outer shell encapsulates the polepiece structure and the magnets, and provides a magnetic flux return path. An electron beam travels in the drift tube and the magnetic flux provides focusing for the electron beam.

Abstract: A composite magnetic lens and deflector for particle beam optical systems has a concentric gap and concentric conical lower pole pieces arranged to allow more accurate magnetic deflection. The flux generated by a solenoidal lens coil is shared by magnetically soft inner and higher saturation flux outer pole pieces to minimize saturation effects, while the flux generated by internal deflection coils is confined to magnetically soft inner pole pieces that minimize flux leakage and associated eddy current settling effects. Shielding rings further contain leakage flux. The inner magnetic circuit is mounted and adhesively bonded to radial flexures to minimize thermal expansion drifts.

Abstract: A horizontal coil separator has a plurality of ribs for positionally controlling turns of a magnet wire, the ribs project successively stepwise in an axial direction of a cathode-ray tube. The turns of the magnet wire are bent over at respective positions staggered in the axial direction of the cathode-ray tube, depending on the winding position of the magnet wire as determined by the ribs. The ribs have fingers disposed on distal ends thereof for positionally controlling only opposite ends of the turns of the magnet wire.

Abstract: A deflection yoke assembly for a cathode ray tube includes four substantially equally spaced inclined mounting members arranged about the circumference of a mounting ring at the front of the yoke assembly. Each mounting member has a plunger which positions the yoke with respect to the funnel portion of the cathode ray tube. A continuously unidirectional restricting means prevents the plunger from withdrawing from the funnel portion of the cathode ray tube. A release cylinder, which is coaxial with the sleeve and plunger, releases the unidirectional means, which may be an internally toothed washer, in order to provide capability for readjustment.

Abstract: A magnetic system for producing a magnetic field having static and high frequency time-varying components comprising: two magnetic poles defining a gap therebetween, the poles being formed with electrically insulating material for confining any high frequency induced eddy currents to limited values in local paths in the poles; an ac coil associated with the magnetic poles for producing a time-varying magnetic field in the gap; a magnetic structure including a yoke and two cores which are respectively coupled to the two poles, the magnetic structure being formed of solid material, with a high magnetic saturation level; and dc coils associated with the cores of the magnetic structure for producing a static magnetic field in the gap. The magnetic system are used for magnetically scanning an ion beam and an ion implantation system, both of which are based on the above system, as well as a magnetic system useful for magnetic resonance imaging applications.

Abstract: A permanent magnet toroidal structure having a periodic or modulated tranrse magnetic field with an average magnetic field greater than zero providing containment for an electron beam. In one embodiment, permanent magnet toroidal sections having a magnetic orientation for producing a transverse magnetic field are spaced in a toroidal shape. A periodic or modulating magnetic field of a single direction is thereby formed. The magnetic field is stronger over the permanent magnet toroidal sections and the magnetic field is weaker, but of the same direction, in the spaces between the permanent magnet toroidal sections. The repetitive acceleration of electrons traversing the arc of the toroidal structure creates electromagnetic radiation. A core is placed within the cavity or working space of the toroidal structure. The core is made of either a permanent magnet material or a ferromagnetic material.

Abstract: In a liquid cooling type cathode-ray tube including a cathode-ray tube assembly (1), a coupler (3) provided in the front surface side of the cathode-ray tube assembly (1) to seal a coolant (9), and fixing members (6) for fixing the coupler (3) to the cathode-ray tube assembly (1), engagement pins (14A), (14B) are fitted into and fixed into a pair of as cast holes (11A), (11B) defined on the coupler (3) or the fixing members (6), and an earth wire (16) which directly closely contacts with an outer conductive film (2) to apply an earth potential to the outer conductive film (2) is extended between a pair of engagement pins (14A) and (14B) through a spring (17). Thus, the earth potential can be applied to the outer conductive film (2) of the liquid cooling type cathode-ray tube with a high reliability and a satisfactory working property.

Abstract: An improved deflection yoke for a cathode ray tube includes a cone-shaped separator, a ferrite core on an outer surface of the separator, vertical deflection coils wound around the ferrite core, and horizontal deflection coils on an inner surface of the separator, wherein the separator is an anisotropic plastic magnetic body that shields harmful magnetic flux generated in deflection coils and prevents distortion of the magnetic flux so that electron beams can be effectively deflected.

Abstract: A magnetic wiggler is disclosed that allows the magnetic field to be readily adjusted to alter the characteristic energy of emitted synchrotron radiation. However, the source point and direction of the emitted x-ray spectrum do not change. Thus x-ray energies may easily and quickly be adjusted without dismantling, repositioning, and reassembling associated apparatus.

Abstract: A cathode-ray tube includes an envelope in which a panel portion, a funnel portion, and a neck portion are integrally formed, and a conductor film and a deflecting yoke mounted on an outer surface of the funnel portion. A strip-type electric field reducing piece has a coated portion coated with an insulator, and an exposed conductive material portion. The coated portion is disposed between the funnel portion and the deflecting yoke, and the conductive material portion is connected to the conductor film.

Abstract: A free-wound electromagnetic yoke is formed by winding the X-axis with a continuous piece of heat bondable wire wound around a plurality of coil forms positioned on a mandrel and turned by a lathe. After winding, the mandrel is heated to cause the windings to form solid coils. After cooling, the solid coils are removed from the mandrel and from the coil forms. The same process is repeated for the Y-axis. The solid coils for both the X-axis and the Y-axis are placed in a toroidal support ring to form an electromagnetic yoke.

Abstract: A charged particle beam transferring apparatus includes a pair of electro-magnetic lenses spaced apart in the direction of the optical axis. Each electro-magnetic lens consists of a coil and core made of magnetic material and having two magnetic poles. The core of at least one of the electro-magnetic lenses is made of ferrite. An insulating member supports the two magnetic poles of the core of the at least one of the electro-magnetic lenses between its two magnetic poles.

Abstract: A superconducting deflection electromagnet apparatus for deflecting an electron beam includes a liquid helium reservoir 21 disposed outside of the magnetic shield 11 surrounding the cryostat 4 accommodating the upper and lower liquid helium containers 2 in which coil assemblies 1, 31, 32 are disposed. Preferably, the upper and lower liquid helium containers 2 are supported from the cryostat 4 by means of the thermally insulating support members 5, 6 and 8 whose positions are adjustable by means of the threaded projections 5a, 6a and 8a and the nuts 52, 53, 62, 63, 82, 83 engaging therewith. The nuts secure the respective thermally insulating support members to the cap-shaped fixing members 44, 47, 49 attached to the extensions 43, 45, 49 of the cryostat 4.

Abstract: Planar permanent magnet edge-field quadrupoles for use in particle accelerating machines and in insertion devices designed to generate spontaneous or coherent radiation from moving charged particles are disclosed. The invention comprises four magnetized rectangular pieces of permanent magnet material with substantially similar dimensions arranged into two planar arrays situated to generate a field with a substantially dominant quadrupole component in regions close to the device axis.

Abstract: A yoke separator or liner includes a body having a conical shape and a ring shaped retraining member that is attachable to a rear portion of the body by four pairs of pawls and studs. A beam s velocity modulation coil is installed on a support member made of flexible material using a printed circuit technique. The studs are inserted in orifices formed in the support member. The pawls snap onto the studs and press against the support member in a manner to secure the modulation coil.

Abstract: An injection apparatus both for positive and negative ions comprising: a first, a third and a fourth bump magnets arranged in order on a circulation orbit, a second bump magnet arranged on said circulation orbit between the first and the third bump magnets so as to maintain a given position relative to the circulation orbit and a carbon film arranged between the second and the third bump magnets, wherein the second bump magnet is afforded with both of respective functions of a bump magnet and a septum magnet, the second bump magnet is operated as the bump magnet upon the injection of a negative ion beam, while the second bump magnet is operated as the septum magnet upon the injection of a positive ion beam.

Abstract: A color display tube system having an electron gun producing three co-planar electron beams which are non-convergent, i.e. parallel or divergent. A convergence element located at a distance from the electron gun and coaxial with the tube axis then produces convergence of the electron beams at the display screen by generating a static 45.degree. 4-pole field. This combination reduces growth of the scanning beam spot in the horizontal direction at the ends of the horizontal axis, which is a problem encountered with electron guns which are convergent.

Abstract: A plurality of magnetic poles provided by using magnets are arranged in opposition to one another in pairs. The pairs of magnetic poles are arranged with two kinds of intervals between the adjacent magnetic poles. The two intervals have the relation of an irrational number ratio in accordance with the lining order of generalized Fibonacci series. The series of peak values of the magnetic field or the series of peak values of the double integral values of the magnetic field along the central axis of the magnetic circuit comprising the array of the magnets reside at the positions to satisfy the relation of generalized Fibonacci series.

Abstract: A deflection yoke for a cathode ray tube includes a pair of saddle-shaped horizontal deflection coils, a pair of saddle-shaped vertical deflection coils separated from the horizontal deflection coils by a rigid separator. The separator is formed from a funnel-shaped main body and a removable rear ring. The rear ring has an arrangement for locking to the main body and partially covers the back of the vertical deflection coils. Arms are placed around an external periphery of the rear ring that extend towards a core made of magnetic material. The core is placed around the vertical coils. The arms hold the core in place.

Abstract: The present is directed to a cathode ray tube having compensation plates for compensating the misconvergence of the paths of the beams of the tube resulting from the earth's magnetic fields, The cathode ray tube includes a neck portion and a funnel portion with a face plate, A gun is in the neck portion and is adapted to generate three electron beams and direct the beams toward the face plate. Purity convergence magnets are around the tube adjacent the neck, The compensation plates are between the purity convergence magnets and the tube and extend in parallel relation to the beam paths at opposite sides of the beams.

Abstract: An electromagnetic deflection unit (5) comprising a coil holder (6) with a flange (8) whose inner side supports coils (10a, 10b) for (line) deflection of electron beams. At the flange side of the coil holder (magnetized) preformed elements (14) are arranged within these coils so as to influence the magnetic field of these coils (10a, 10b), thereby reducing spreading errors, caused during manufacture, throughout the display screen. For the purpose of automatic mounting of the preformed elements, an annular support having predetermined locations (in particular from 12 to 36) for accommodating preformed elements is used. The preformed elements (14) are accommodated at a plurality of these predetermined locations and, if made of a permanent magnetic material, produce magnetic fields having magnetic strengths measured at a distance of some mm above the heart of the elements in the range between 1 and 1000 .mu.T.

Abstract: The superconducting magnetic switch or fast kicker magnet is employed with electron stream or a bunch of electrons to rapidly change the direction of flow of the electron stream or bunch of electrons. The apparatus employs a beam tube which is coated with a film of superconducting material. The tube is cooled to a temperature below the superconducting transition temperature and is subjected to a constant magnetic field which is produced by an external dc magnet. The magnetic field produced by the dc magnet is less than the critical field for the superconducting material, thus, creating a Meissner Effect condition. A controllable fast electromagnet is used to provide a magnetic field which supplements that of the dc magnet so that when the fast magnet is energized the combined magnetic field is now greater that the critical field and the superconducting material returns to its normal state allowing the magnetic field to penetrate the tube.

Abstract: A focusing system for an electron beam within an RF amplification tube is provided. The focusing system comprises a plurality of magnetic polepieces each having a centrally disposed aperture, and a plurality of electrically conductive non-magnetic plates alternatingly and integrally provided with the polepieces, the non-magnetic plates each having a centrally disposed aperture. The apertures of the polepieces are aligned with the apertures of the non-magnetic plates to provide a beam tunnel through which the electron beam travels. At least one permanent magnet is coupled to the polepieces, the magnet having magnetic flux which flows through the magnetic polepieces to provide an axial magnetic field within the beam tunnel. The diameter of the beam tunnel is selected to be greater than a separation distance between adjacent ones of said polepieces, and the axial magnetic field varies substantially across a cross section of the beam tunnel.

Abstract: A focusing device for a cathode ray tube comprises a plurality of substantially cylindrical permanent magnets, each having a longitudinal axis. A holder positions the magnets in an annular array at substantially equally spaced intervals in which the axes are substantially parallel to one another. Annular flanges of high magnetic permeability are disposed over longitudinally opposite ends of the magnets. First and second annular windings are symmetrically disposed substantially adjacent to and inwardly from the array of magnets. The magnetic mass of the focusing device can be varied by changing the number of magnets and/or the length of the magnets in the array. The magnets are magnetized in situ in the array by energizing a winding common to each of the magnets, after which the common winding is removed.

Abstract: The horizontal deflection apparatus has a separator whose cross-section takes a saddle-shape form, and horizontal deflecting coils are comprised of three coil groups connected in a series to each other. The first coil group is wound on the outermost circumference on the inside of the main structure of the separator, the second coil group is wound at a predetermined distance from the first coil group, and the third coil group is wound at a predetermined distance from the second coil group. Deflecting efficiency at the deflection center is improved because the deflection magnetic field generated from the second and third coil groups is generated at the deflection center.

Abstract: An apparatus for displaying video images. A video image display apparatus including a cathode ray tube device for producing a plurality of electron beams each corresponding to a respective color and, in response to a magnetic field, for converging the electron beams onto a screen of the cathode ray tube device so as to cause video images corresponding to the converged electron beams to be displayed thereon. The apparatus further includes a deflection yoke device for producing the magnetic field. The deflection yoke device is arranged such that an inner surface thereof is adjacent to an outer surface of the cathode ray tube device.

Abstract: A magnetic focusing system has a pair of disc-shaped pole pieces between which several permanent rod magnets are mounted, their north poles in contact with one pole piece and their south poles in contact with the other pole piece. The permanent rod magnets are equally spaced around the outer perimeters of the pole pieces, and are separated from one another so that they do not create a ring. The pole pieces have central holes, between the rims of which a symmetric magnetic lens is formed for focusing an electron beam.

Abstract: A magic sphere that provides a uniform internal field within an enlarged king space that can be accessed from large chambers that penetrate deep into the cavity of the magic sphere without substantially disrupting the magnitude or uniformity of the internal field.

Abstract: An equatorial gap is disposed into a magnet structure of spherical configtion, about the periphery thereof. The magnet structure includes a spherical shell of one magnetic material and a core of another magnetic material disposed centrally therein, with the gap penetrating into the shell. A source of synchrotron radiation is derived by combining the magnet structure with an apparatus for introducing charge particles into the gap wherein a magnetic field influences the particles to travel in circular paths.

Abstract: A permanent magnet design including a Chiron Wiggler, which is able to produce a magnetic field to accelerate and focus electrons in a high frequency laser without the use of an externally powered, current driven solenoid.