Abstract: A miniature resistive temperature detector is fabricated by winding wire about a ceramic, or equivalent, cement coated graphite mandrel or form having a greater length than the resulting detector, coating the wire except for the lead portion with a ceramic, or equivalent, cement and cutting the wire and breaking the form to produce the miniature detector. A plurality of miniature detectors may be fabricated on a single form or mandrel with space between each detector to facilitate breaking.

Abstract: A short duration timer for use in an electronic circuit such as a diesel engine glow plug control includes a first PTC resistor energized by an electric power source and stabilized in the exponential portion of its resistance-temperature curve. A second PTC resistor in thermal contact with the first is energized at time zero from the electric power source and substantially immediately stabilizes at a temperature higher than that of the first, resulting in heat flow from the second PTC resistor to the first, and therefore an increase in the resistance of the first, at a rate which is substantially independent of variations in ambient temperature and supply voltage of the electric power source. A signal ending the time duration is generated when the resistance of the first PTC resistor has changed by a predetermined percentage.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the mass of a flowing medium, in particular for measuring the aspirated air mass of an internal combustion engine. The apparatus has a hot wire disposed in the flow of the medium, the temperature of which is regulated in accordance with the mass of the medium; and its resistance is regulated by an adjustment variable which is a standard for the mass of the medium. The hot wire is guided on a sensor ring, which is of plastic, via support points. The support points are each fastened with a fastening section in a fastening slit of the sensor ring extending in the axial direction, and they each have a guide section protruding into the interior of the sensor ring through a radial slit. A guide wire extending in the flow direction is fastened to each guide section. The terminal support points in like manner, have attachment sections by way of which an electrical connection is made with the hot wire.

Abstract: Temperature sensing device which has a temperature sensing part including a microchip thermistor in the form not greater than a very small thin piece having a volume of 2 mm.sup.3 as a temperature sensing element. The temperature sensing part is connected to an external circuit to which a temperature sense signal is to be transmitted, by lead wires, and the microchip thermistor is connected to the lead wires through fine lead wires having a wire diameter not greater than 0.5 mm.

Abstract: An encapsulated, waterproof temperature sensor, such as a thermistor, and a method of manufacturing the same are presented. The sensor is assembled with a sensor cord. The cord includes a cable with an insulating jacket and at least two conductors each with an insulating sheath. Leads of a temperature sensor, such as a thermistor, are connected to ends of the respective conductors. Heat-shrink plastic surrounds one lead and the associated conductor end. Tubing of insulating material surround the temperature sensor, its leads, the conductor ends, and the heat-shrink plastic. A shroud is molded over the tubing and a portion of the cable jacket so that the temperature sensor is encapsulated and waterproof. Four coplanar pins may be used with the shroud mold to ensure that the temperature sensor is appropriately centered in the shroud.

Abstract: Electrical devices comprising a conductive polymer element, preferably a PTC element, and at least one metal foil electrode. Preferred devices are circuit protection devices. The devices can be made by laminating the foil to the conductive polymer element under controlled conditions of time, temperature and pressure.

Abstract: Ceramic cold conductors based on barium titanates having the general formula:(Ba.sub.1-x M.sup.II)O.z(Ti.sub.1-y M.sup.IV y)O.sub.2wherein M.sup.II is selected from the group consisting of Ca, Mg, Sr and Pb; M.sup.IV is selected from the group consisting of Sn and Zr; x and y are numerals, the sum of which does not exceed one and z is a numeral in the range of 1.005 to 1.

Abstract: Starting relay of the PTC resistor type provided on a monophase electric motor of the induction type for motorcompressors for refrigerators. This positive temperature coefficient resistor in the shape of a small cylinder is built-in on the collector of the motor feed connectors (cluster) arranged inside the container of the motorcompressor on the hermetic electrical connection fastened on the wall of the same container.

Abstract: A multipurpose in situ underground measurement system comprising a plurality of long electrical resistance elements in the form of rigid reinforcing bars, each having an open loop "hairpin" configuration of shorter length than the other resistance elements. The resistance elements are arranged in pairs in a unitized structure, and grouted in place in the underground volume. The electrical resistance of each element and the difference in electrical resistance of the paired elements are obtained, which difference values may be used in analytical methods involving resistance as a function of temperature. A scanner sequentially connects the resistance-measuring apparatus to each individual pair of elements. A source of heating current is also selectively connectable for heating the elements to an initial predetermined temperature prior to electrical resistance measurements when used as an anemometer.

Abstract: A multi-functional sensing and measuring system capable of detecting both temperature and humidity is fabricated from a porous metal-oxide ceramic whose dielectric constant varies with temperature and whose electric resistance varies with ambient humidity. The sensing element is connected in series with a resistor and a rectangular pulse voltage is applied across the series combination, and the ambient temperature and humidity are measured simultaneously in terms of (i) the circuit time constant (to measure temperature) of a transient state value and (ii) the steady state value of the voltage across the resistor (to measure humidity).

Abstract: To provide for rapid temperature response to changes in temperature of an air flow past the sensing end portion of a resistance sensing track (13) on a ceramic substrate (12), the resistance sensing track is applied in a meander of a predetermined length, which is spaced from contact terminal points (14) to the meander by at least the longitudinal extent (19) of the meander; two covering layers (20, 21) are provided, one (20) being thin and covering the meander and adjacent connecting tracks (15, 16), and the other (21) being thick and sturdy and retaining the plate (12) in position in a housing (1, 2), overlapping the first covering (20), but being spaced therefrom by at least half the longitudinal extent (19) of the meander.

Abstract: Thin film electrical resistors comprised of a substantially homogeneous amorphous chromium-silicon-oxygen alloy having an empirical formula of Cr.sub.x Si.sub.y O.sub.z wherein X is a number in the range of about 0.3 to 0.39, y is a number in the range of about 0.4 to 0.52 and x is a number in the range of about 0.1 to 0.30, with the proviso that some of x, y and z is equal to 1. Such resistors exhibit a relatively high ohmic resistance in the range of about 2,000 to 16,000 .mu..OMEGA..multidot.cm.

Abstract: A miniature, solid state motor protector has a metallic housing with two hingedly connected recessed portions with a wafer of positive temperature coefficient (PTC) of resistivity material disposed in each recess in electrical connection with the housing and a center spring contact located intermediate the two PTC wafers and in electrical connection therewith so that the wafers are electrically connected in parallel relation.

Abstract: A planar heat generating device is made up of two heat radiating plates having through-holes, heat generating units of positive temperature characteristic material held between the two plates, two lead wires connected to the two plates, and an insulating cover layer of heat resisting synthetic resin which covers the two plates, the heat generating units and the connecting points of the lead wires. Fluid through-holes are formed in the parts of the insulating cover layer which are applied to the through-holes of the plates, so that the heat generated is effectively conducted to the fluid.

Abstract: This specification discloses a fast response temperature sensor assembly wherein a surrounding substrate having a low thermal conductivity and low heat capacity is coupled to a fast response temperature sensor. Foam glass is an advantageous material for use as the support substrate.

Abstract: A ceramic thermometer resistance element comprises a coil-shaped resistor for measuring temperature inserted in a ceramic tube together with ceramic spherical filler particles of 40 to 150 .mu.m to thereby fix the resistor. The ceramic spherical filler particles are previously calcined at temperatures much higher than the upper limit of the temperature-measuring range of the element. The filler particles exhibit a liquid-like character and, accordingly, can fill up the gaps between the ceramic tube and the coil-shaped resistor and the gaps of the coils thereof, so that the filler particles hold the resistor statically in the ceramic tube.

Abstract: An electric thermostat having a knob and potentiometer means with a simple adjusting means to couple the two together. A single clip means made of a resilient material allows for connecting the knob to the potentiometer and allows for repositioning the knob at will during calibration of the thermostat.

Abstract: An electrical resistor family based on oxides of tungsten and/or molybdenum is prepared by combining a polymeric binder with such oxides in an appropriate amount to realize the desired bulk properties. The resistance of the composite can be varied by varying the metal content of the oxides and/or by appropriate combination of the various oxides. Inert fillers are not required and the bulk properties are more stable.

Abstract: A thin film resistance thermometer is manufactured to have a predetermined temperature coefficient of resistance while minimizing the amount of metal in the film. The process involves the production of a metal film deposit on an insulating substrate such that the film deposited has a bulk coefficient substantially higher than the desired coefficient with the film being deposited to a thickness that produces the desired coefficient.

Abstract: A permalloy thin film temperature sensing element in which the NiFe film material is deposited on a substrate in very narrow lines less than about 15 .mu.m wide and in film thicknesses in excess of about 400A.degree. preferably in the range of 1600.degree.-3200A.degree..

Abstract: A metal-semiconductor variable resistance temperature or infrared energy measuring device is described, along with a method for making it. The device may be made as a thin film, and typically operates over the range of at least 1 degree K to 300 degrees K. The device typically has an approximately 1/T temperature dependence of resistance. In one embodiment, gold is used as the metal, and germanium the semiconductor. The metal subsists as metallic or intermetallic globules dispersed in a semiconductor matrix, and may be formed by heating a metastable metal-semiconductor alloy until the metal precipitates out as described.

Abstract: A meander-shaped layer of nickel is deposited by evaporation on a ceramic wafer over an intermediate layer of tantalum serving to improve adhesion, and covered by a protective coating of silicon or epoxy resin is used as a temperature sensor in the intake pipe of a supercharged internal combustion engine. The low mass of the sensor element thus provided enables the resistance of the nickel path to follow rapidly, by its variation, the variations of temperature of the intake air. The sensor has a casing made up of two parts, the lower one of which has two connection prongs molded into it, the ends of which are flattened into tabs that are soldered to contact areas of the ceramic wafer. The upper casing portion has a cavity for the ceramic wafer, the lower part of which is filled with a potting compound to protect the solder joints. The width of the nickel paths that provide the temperature sensitive resistance is about 50 .mu.m and the thickness is from 0.2 to 1 .mu.

Abstract: A high temperature sensor includes a pair of electrical conductors separated by a mass of electrical insulating material. The insulating material has a measurable resistivity within the sensor that changes in relation to the temperature of the insulating material within a high temperature range (1,000 to 2,000 K.). When required, the sensor can be encased within a ceramic protective coating.

Abstract: A sensor for detecting a fluid flow velocity or flow amount with high precision and high reliability is made by applying a conductor paste comprising platinum powder and an organic vehicle to the outer surface of a fine inorganic insulating tube, followed by drying and firing, thereby forming a platinum film, processing the platinum film into a spiral band form by laser application, inserting a lead wire into the insulating tube, applying a platinum conductor paste to between the spiral platinum band and the lead wire, followed by drying and baking, thereby connecting the spiral platinum band film to the lead wire.

Abstract: To improve the adhesion of a nickel layer to a valve metal layer in a thin film electronic circuit, a boundary layer is created between the valve metal and the nickel layer. The boundary layer is created by oxidizing the valve metal surface and applying the nickel layer by cathode sputtering with sufficiently high energy to cause nickel-ion migration into the valve metal oxide layer. The so-formed boundary layer improves the mechanical adhesion of the nickel layer to the valve metal layer and also prevents penetration of solder to the valve metal layer since the boundary layer acts as a diffusion barrier.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for temperature measurements, comprising a temperature-sensitive sensor whose electrical properties, e.g. resistance, vary with the temperature, e.g. a thermistor, and which via two contacts is connected to two electric conductors arranged on a support, which electric conductors in turn can be connected to a reading unit for the reading of the actual values of current, voltage or the like corresponding to the temperature.In a preferred embodiment the said electric conductors are in the form of two metal layers on both sides of a support made of plastics. The one metal layer is interrupted by a gap which is arranged to be bridged by the sensor, one contact of which is connected to each conductor.

Abstract: A temperature sensor is constructed as a bridge circuit using thick film technology. Both thermistor and resistor thick film inks are applied to a substrate to form a bridge circuit for producing a highly sensitive and accurate indicator when a predetermined temperature has been reached. The resistor thick film circuit is laser scribed at a specific temperature value for greater accuracy.

Abstract: The flow rate is determined from the heat transferred from an electrically heated wire stretched in a fluid flow to the fluid. The wire is placed not on a plane normal to the flow but within a section of the fluid passage bounded by two spaced planes normal to the flow. Preferably the wire is composed of series of line segments which are distributed evenly not only around the central axis of the passage but also in the direction of the flow so that the heat release from the wire in its entirety corresponds to the mean value of fluid velocities at various points.

Abstract: A PTCR ceramic slug having glass bonded aluminum electrodes is held firmly sandwiched between opposing inner walls in the cavity of a plastic housing by two identical resilient base-metal pieces on either major face of the slug. Each metal piece has metal fingers making spring loaded contact with the adjacent electroded face of the slug to effect the above noted holding and to form base-metal to base-metal electrical contacts. Each metal piece has at least one portion extending through a hole in the housing to provide electrical access to the PTCR slug.

Abstract: A method of making a thin nickel film temperature sensitive device with a relatively high positive temperature coefficient of resistance utilizing a film of nickel deposited from a bulk nickel source onto an electrically insulating substrate, and device made thereby including the step of heat treating a resistor element having a thin film of nickel deposited on an electrically insulating substrate by heating in a reducing atmosphere to a peak temperature of at least 550.degree. C., over a heating cycle of at least about 20 minutes. The nickel film of the heat treated resistor element has a selected temperature coefficient of resistance which is at least 60% of the value of the coefficient for the bulk nickel and a sheet resistance of at least one ohm per square which properties are determined by the heat treating temperature and cycle time, and the thickness of the nickel film.

Abstract: A temperature.multidot.humidity detecting apparatus which can detect the temperature and humidity with a single element. The temperature.multidot.humidity detecting element of the present invention varies its impedance value with respect to variations in the temperature and humidity, and the temperature.multidot.humidity detecting apparatus is adapted to detect the variations in the temperature.multidot.humidity detecting element impedance to determine the temperature and humidity.

Abstract: An improved hot wire transducer skin friction sensor 10 and 19. The device utilizes foil transducers 11 and 18 with only one edge exposed to the fluid flow. The surface 28 and 31 are polished producing a foil transducer 11 and 18 that does not generate turbulence while sufficiently thick to carry the required electrical current for high temperature fluid flow. The assembly utilized a precut layered metal sandwich 20 with attached electrodes eliminating a need for welding and individual sensor calibration.

Abstract: A method of attaching power leads to a mesh or similar electrode embedded in the surface of a conductive polymer element. A conductor, preferably also mesh, is bonded to the electrode using a conductive adhesive and a polymer layer is applied over the surface of at least the conductor, preferably also over the electrode. The polymer of the coating interpenetrates the openings of the mesh conductor and mesh electrode and bonds to the conductive polymer matrix. This mechanically holds the conductor, electrode, and conductive element in contact with each other.

Abstract: Electrical devices comprise a conductive polymer element and, in electrical contact therewith, a flame-sprayed layer of a metal or other highly conductive material. Electrical leads can readily be attached to the flame-sprayed layer. Particularly valuable devices are those in which at least part of the conductive polymer element is a PTC or NTC conductive polymer. The flame-sprayed layer can be formed directly by flame-spraying a suitable material onto the device, or by flame-spraying the material onto a carrier and then laminating the layer, on the carrier, to the device.

Abstract: A transducer for measuring temperature by means of the temperature-induced resistance change of a coil of wire includes, connected to the coil, a deposited film whose resistance-versus-temperature characteristic is substantially the same as that of the wire. The complete transducer assembly is calibrated at a fixed temperature by physically removing portions of the deposited film until a desired resistance is attained. The bulk of the resistance is contributed by the wire, while the film contributes only a small percentage of the total. The transducer thus maintains the desired precision, repeatability and stability of a wirewound transducer while at the same time being capable of calibration by trimming techniques commonly used for adjusting film resistors.

Abstract: A measuring sensor having a temperature-dependent conductivity and composed of a shaped body of a solid electrolyte material exhibiting such temperature-dependent conductivity, and two contact layers sintered onto the body and arranged for connection to circuit conductors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for temperature measurements, comprising a temperature-sensitive sensor whose electrical properties, e.g. resistance, vary with the temperature, e.g. a thermistor, and which via two contacts is connected to two electric conductors arranged on a support, which electric conductors in turn can be connected to a reading unit for the reading of the actual values of current, voltage or the like corresponding to the temperature.In a preferred embodiment the said electric conductors are in the form of two metal layers on both sides of a support made of plastics. The one metal layer is interrupted by a gap which is arranged to be bridged by the sensor, one contact of which is connected to each conductor.

Abstract: Sensor and method of fabricating a sensor for detecting relative humidity with a substantially linear response from 0% to 100% and also detecting temperature. The sensor utilizes a unique essentially pure Al.sub.2 0.sub.3 layer which has a disordered crystalline structure and a density gradient which varies from a low density at its lower surface to a higher density at its upper surface which together produce the desired linear response to relative humidity. The method of producing the unique essentially pure Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 layer includes anodizing with an ac current in a solution of approximately 6.4 normal acid at a starting temperature of 21.degree. C. and allowing the temperature of the anodizing solution to rise with the process to vary the density of the Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 layer. The Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 layer is neutralized in a base solution, washed in boiling water and alcohol to neutralize the Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 layer and remove impurities.

Abstract: A method for making a combination heater and temperature sensor comprising the steps of forming a heater element pattern in a thin sheet of resistive material and concurrently forming a temperature sensor in a non-interfering portion of the same sheet of resistive material, the forming of the heater and sensor element patterns being carried out by a photoetching process.

Abstract: This invention relates to devices for measuring temperature; more particularly it relates to temperature sensing devices operating at high temperature. It is an object of this invention to overcome deterioration of temperature sensitive elements and accordingly the element of the invention comprises a substrate made from an electrically non-conducting material and carrying an electrically conducting path comprising a vitreous phase which is resistant to chemical reduction and loaded with electrically conducting particles.

Abstract: A liquid level sensing probe includes a glass or ceramic thermally conductive housing which is molded around a positive temperature coefficient thermistor and a negative temperature coefficient thermistor. The two thermistors are connected in parallel. The thermistor network thus formed is connected to a suitable measurement apparatus by leads which extend outside of the housing. The probe and the measurement apparatus detect and distinguish between a liquid environment as opposed to a gaseous one even at low temperatures and even after the power source has been shut off and subsequently switched on again.

Abstract: A resistor particularly useful as a self-regulating fluid heater has passages extending through a body of ceramic resistance material of positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTC) and has ohmic contact coatings formed on the inner walls of the passages. The passage walls define thin webs of the resistance material between adjacent passages and are of uniform thickness end to end. Slits located in the walls at the ends of selected passages accommodate electrically conducting means which interconnect the contacts in selected pairs of the passages. In that way, predetermined groups of the contacts are interconnected at respective ends of the resistor so that when the groups of contacts are connected in a circuit, electrical current is directed through the thin webs of resistance material between contacts of opposite polarity in adjacent passages, thereby to heat the resistor to self-regulate its temperature to efficiently generate heat for transfer to a fluid directed through the passages.

Abstract: A hybrid sensor for simultaneously sensing pressure and temperature in non-interacting manner, includes an insulative substrate having a temperature-sensitive printed thick film resistor fabricated thereon. A conductive plate is insulatively spaced above the resistor and supported by a pressure-tight insulative barrier. The distributed capacitance between the plate and the resistive pattern is a function of the pressure applied to the exterior face of the plate, while the resistance of the resistive thick film is a function of temperature of the surrounding environment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a resistor of the type having a resistance which varies with temperature such as PTC and NTC resistors. The resistor is characterized by having three or more connector pads and several different arrangements for the connector pads.

Abstract: A thermistor assembly comprises a disc type thermistor bonded to a layer of a low expansion alloy which, in turn, is bonded to a thermally conductive plate. Interposition of the low expansion alloy between the thermistor and the plate substantially prevents the formation of hairline cracks in the thermistor that could result from thermal cycling.

Abstract: A temperature sensing unit having a housing provided with a chamber therein leading from a temperature sensing area of the housing to a connector area of the housing and having an electrical temperature sensor disposed in the sensing area and interconnected by leads to electrical connectors disposed in the connector area with a preformed one-piece resilient sealing member being disposed in the chamber to sealingly seal itself to the housing and secure the sensor, leads and connectors in place, the sealing member having been formed separately from the leads, connectors, sensor and housing.

Abstract: A glass-ceramic cooktop surface is provided with a temperature sensor integral with the glass ceramic plate of the cooktop. The temperature sensor utilizes the temperature resistance characteristic of the glass ceramic plate as a means of monitoring the temperature of the plate and is formed in the heated areas of the glass-ceramic plate. The sensor comprises pairs of metallized conductive strips fired to the underside of the plate and terminated in a cool region of the plate. A continuity resistor is provided at the termination point of each pair of strips to distinguish between cold glass conditions and a defective sensor. One strip of each pair is connected to a further metallized strip which surrounds the periphery of the glass and forms a common ground for a heating unit control circuit and is also used as a broken glass detector. Each sensor forms one leg of an AC voltage divider and is connected to an associated control circuit.

Abstract: A temperature sensitive element of a resistance thermometer comprising an electrically conductive path formed upon a surface of a cylindrical substrate made from an electrically non-conducting material, said electrically conducting path comprising a layer of fused vitreous material containing an electrically conducting metal selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper, said element having an outer protective coating made from a glaze.

Abstract: Sensitive testing transducers are mounted to an internally threaded cap. A split-ring sleeve having external threads is positioned around the cold tip of a cryogenic refrigerator. An internal flange on the sleeve abuts a shoulder on the cold tip to hold the sleeve on the cold tip while permitting rotation thereof. By positioning the cap over the cold tip and rotating the sleeve, the transducer supporting cap is moved into tight thermal contact with the end of the cold tip without disturbing the sensitive transducers.

Abstract: An electrical insulating pocket receptacle for securing a sensing element within electrical windings of a motor includes a sheet-like flexible material having a body support portion supporting a pocket within which the element is located and having four tabs projecting from the body support portion. The tabs on the opposite side of the pocket are located within the winding and hold the pocket in place within the winding with an exposed open end for insertion and removal of the element. A wire holding tab is secured to one of the support tabs and is folded upon itself and secured against the coil end turns by the end tie cords. A third locking tab is pulled down over the spade of the sensing element to securely hold the sensing element in place. A fourth tab may be used to fold over the pocket to additionally insulate the sensing element from the windings of the motor in which the insulating pocket receptacle is inserted.