Abstract: An auxiliary capacitance electrode driving circuit outputs an auxiliary capacitance electrode driving signal alternating between high potential and low potential once every horizontal scanning period. A common electrode driving circuit drives a common electrode such that it also alternates between high potential and low potential once every horizontal scanning period. In an auxiliary capacitance potential setting circuit, the anode of a diode is connected to an auxiliary capacitance electrode driving signal line and the cathode of the diode is connected to a ground conductor. A node between the anode of the diode and the auxiliary capacitance electrode driving signal line is connected via a capacitor to the auxiliary capacitance electrode driving circuit. Thus, the auxiliary capacitance potential setting circuit functions as a clamping circuit for setting an upper limit of the potential of the auxiliary capacitance electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided, which includes: groups of gate lines transmitting a gate-on voltage; data lines alternately transmitting normal data voltages and an impulsive data voltage; pixels arranged in a matrix and including switching elements that are connected to the gate lines and the data lines and turn on in response to the gate-on voltage to transmit the data voltages; gate driving circuits connected to respective groups of gate lines and sequentially applying the gate-on voltage to the gate lines; a data driver applying the data voltages to the data lines; a duty ratio selector outputting a duty ratio selection signal informing a selected duty ratio; and a signal controller controlling the gate driver and the data driver based on the duty ratio selection signal, wherein the signal controller determines a time for the application of the impulsive data voltage based on the duty ratio selection signal.

Abstract: A relation between a twist pitch p of twisted nematic liquid crystal and a thickness d of a liquid crystal layer is set to p/d<8, and polymer stabilization is carried out. In this way, torque to recover from alignment upon application of a voltage to alignment without application of the voltage is increased and response speed of the liquid crystal at decay time is thereby increased. By applying the present technique to a liquid crystal display device which is driven by a reset operation, an overdrive operation or common modulation, high response speed is obtained even when the twisted nematic liquid crystal is used. As a result, the liquid crystal display device can deal with field sequential display mode where higher response speed is required.

Abstract: After rewriting the displayed image by applying a voltage corresponding to desired image data to a ferroelectric liquid crystal through TFTs at a predetermined cycle, the application of voltage to the ferroelectric liquid crystal is stopped, and the image displayed just before stopping the application of voltage is retained. In this memory display period, a gate-off voltage is applied to turn off the TFTs. In this memory display period, the emission intensity of a back-light is lowered compared to that in a normal display period. Before stopping the application of voltage to the ferroelectric liquid crystal, a voltage corresponding to an image to be displayed after stopping the application of voltage is applied. Before resuming the application of voltage corresponding to the image data to the ferroelectric liquid crystal, a voltage for causing all pixels to display black image is applied.

Abstract: Disclosed is an active matrix liquid crystal display device designed mainly for alternating electric current drive, in which orientation processing (monostabilization) is performed by a direct current power supply or a direct current voltage applied to a ferroelectric liquid crystal. The liquid crystal is made to respond, and is made monostable while a voltage level is maintained by a storage capacitor. In addition, the liquid crystal may also be made monostable while maintaining a gate clock pulse at a constant level. After forming a transparent conductive film on an element substrate, elements such as TFTs are formed. An electric field is applied by a direct current voltage source between an electrode formed on an opposing substrate and the transparent conductive film. An electric field is applied by a direct current voltage source between the electrode formed on the opposing substrate and the transparent conductive film formed on the back side of the element substrate.

Abstract: A modulation circuit that outputs modulation signals, comprising: a memory circuit that stores waveform data that determines the time width of a portion of a modulation signal, the portion being adjusted to a predetermined amplitude value, the waveform data being stored in such a manner as to output a plurality of modulation signals; and a circuit that generates the modulation signals, based on the waveform data and input gradation data.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal display and method of driving the same according to an impulse-type method improves a voltage holding ratio. The ferroelectric liquid crystal display and method of driving the same applies a scan pulse at least twice to each gate line of a liquid crystal display panel injected with ferroelectric liquid crystal material during one frame period of the liquid crystal display panel. Data voltages are applied to data lines of liquid crystal display panel in synchrony with the scan pulse.

Abstract: A method for fast switching a dual frequency (FIG. 3) liquid crystal cell is disclosed. The liquid crystal cell has opposed substrates (12) with a dual frequency liquid crystal material (18) disposed therebetween. Each substrate has an electrode that is connected to a power supply (20) that is able to apply different voltage magnitudes at different frequencies. And each substrate (12) has an alignment layer that imparts a high pretilt angle to the liquid crystal material, wherein no application of voltage results in the material exhibiting an initial state. A transition driving pulse (104) of a first magnitude is applied to the material at a first frequency to accelerate a transition into a first state from the initial state. A holding pulse (102) of a second magnitude is applied to the material at the first frequency to maintain the first state, wherein the second magnitude is less than the first magnitude.

Abstract: A first grayscale clock pulse generation circuit compares a value stored in each timing register with a first count value and outputs a first grayscale pulse to a selector, a calculation circuit calculates the first count value and outputs a second count value, a second grayscale clock pulse generation circuit compares a value stored in each timing register with the second count value and outputs a second grayscale pulse to the selector, a grayscale counter updates a grayscale count value based on the first or second grayscale clock pulse selectively output from the selector in units of one horizontal scan period, and a grayscale coincidence detection circuit changes a voltage level of a PWM signal when the relationship between grayscale data input to the grayscale coincidence detection circuit and the grayscale count value satisfies a predetermined relationship.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a driving method for cholesteric liquid crystal display. A plurality of pixels of the display are controlled by a plurality of row drivers and a plurality of column drivers. According to the method of the invention, firstly, a DC input voltage or a non-symmetric AC input voltage is applied to the row drivers and the column drivers so that the voltage of the pixel is larger than a withstand voltage of the drivers. Then, an initial column signal and an initial row signal are respectively supplied by the corresponding column driver and row driver so as to initialize the corresponding pixel. The polarity of the initial column signal is different from that of the initial row signal. Because the initial row signal minus the initial column signal equals the signal of the pixel, the amplitude of the signal applied to the pixel can be increased.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus has a first processing unit for processing an input data, a second processing unit responsive to the data processed by the first processing unit for executing a processing dependent on the data and producing a display data, and a display unit having a display drive unit and a display device for displaying the display data. The second processing unit is selectively inactivated and activated under control of the first processing unit to reduce power consumption in the second processing unit. The display drive unit is also selectively inactivated and activated under control of the first processing unit to reduce power consumption in the display unit.

Abstract: A drive scheme is described for a display capable of gray scale. Multiple two-level pulses are used in conjunction with dynamic relaxation techniques to write pixels ON or OFF and to adjust the gray level of pixels. Only two voltage levels are used, a maximum level U, and a minimum level 0. This reduces the complexity of the electronics so that the only one voltage generator is needed for the display.

Abstract: A method of driving an active matrix cholesteric liquid crystal display that includes a matrix of data and select lines and an array of pixels connected to the data and select lines through active switching elements, a pixel being capable of producing two or more gray levels includes providing a select voltage and a plurality of data voltages, and during a pixel writing cycle, applying the select voltage and the data voltages to the select and data lines of the display to produce only three pixel voltage levels 0, +U and ?U, having respective duty cycles and controlling the duty cycles of the pixel voltage levels to determine the gray levels of the pixels, and wherein the average voltage applied to a pixel during the pixel writing cycle is zero.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display drive method that uses a drive voltage waveform consisting of a display signal period (display waveform 32 bits) and a control signal period irrelevant to display (control waveform 2 bits) in a given time or a period of plural frames or one frame. This method suppresses generation of internal DC voltage and thus prevents impurity ions from deteriorating the quality of displayed pictures.

Abstract: A relief structure alignment layer comprising a relief structure surface incorporating at least one indentation, the at least one indentation having an internal surface extending from the relief structure surface, wherein the relief structure alignment layer has a surface memory alignment layer arranged to impart a preferred liquid crystal director alignment to a liquid-crystal material in contact therewith as well as methods for configuring a liquid crystal material within a cell having a relief structure alignment layer by applying at least one of an electric field and a magnetic field and phoretic displays comprising at least on relief structure alignment layer.

Abstract: A method for warming-up an LCD system which includes a pixel array having a plurality of pixel units. Each pixel unit includes a pixel electrode, and a TFT (thin film transistor) provide with a source and a gate such that a gate signal inputted into the gate can switch on and switch off the TFT so as to permit transfer of a data signal from the source to the pixel electrode. The method includes the steps: floating the source of the TFT; and applying the gate signal onto the gate which is coupled to the pixel electrode in such a manner that the pixel electrode possesses a voltage level which is substantially equal to that of the gate signal.

Abstract: A signal of a signal line is written in the order from a pixel TFT of a pixel with a long response time of liquid crystal. A signal of a signal line is written in a pixel TFT displaying the same gray-scale among pixel TFTs connected to the same signal line. A signal of a signal line is simultaneously written in pixel TFTs displaying the same or approximate gray-scale among pixel TFTs connected to the same signal line. Then, a pixel electrode of a pixel TFT displaying an approximate gray-scale is supplied with a normal signal voltage.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes pixels each having a light emitting element and a pixel circuit, analog signal lines and current-supply lines. The pixel circuit includes first and second TFTs and first and second capacitors. Drain and source electrodes of the first TFT are coupled to the light emitting element and one of the current-supply lines, respectively, and drain and source electrodes of the second TFT are coupled to a gate electrode of the first TET and one of wiring lines within the pixel circuit, respectively. Two electrodes of the first capacitor are coupled to the gate electrode of the first TFT and one of the wiring lines within the pixel circuit, respectively. Two electrodes of the second capacitor are coupled to a gate electrode of the second TFT and a line supplied with a triangular waveform voltage, respectively.

Abstract: A method of driving a plasma display apparatus may include supplying a first voltage to the X electrodes during a first reset period of the reset period, supplying, using energy stored in the energy recovery circuit, a ramp waveform voltage that rises from the first voltage signal to a second voltage to the X electrodes during a second reset period of the reset period, biasing the X electrodes with the second voltage during at least a first sub-period of a third reset period of the reset period, supplying a ramp pulse waveform voltage that rises from a third voltage to a fourth voltage to the Y electrodes during a second portion of the first reset period, and supplying a ramp pulse waveform voltage that falls from the third voltage to a fifth voltage to the Y electrodes during the third reset period.

Abstract: An exemplary display device based on layer displacement having a perforated white substrate positioned close to a transparent substrate. Layer (fluid) displacement such as oil movement results in the (colored) oil film being pumped in a controlled manner above the white substrate. Fluids of three subtractive colors can be independently pumped to separate spaces. Based on the color strength of the used fluids good color rendition can be obtained for a flow channel thickness of less than 25 microns and therefore a total pixel thickness including the sub pixel reservoirs of less than 200 microns.

Abstract: A method of driving a liquid crystal display device is provided which can decrease the hysteresis of thresholdless liquid crystal and which can, depending on the liquid crystal, improve the response time. By providing a “0 V” reset period before or after a gradation display period, the hysteresis of the thresholdless liquid crystal is prevented. With regard to a liquid crystal which has a small spontaneous polarization and with which switching between halftones takes a lot of time, there is an effect of improving the response time by switching via “0 V”.

Abstract: In a display substrate and a display device having the display substrate for reducing a line resistance, the display substrate includes a plurality of pixel parts, a signal line part and a signal pad part. The pixel parts are formed in a display area. The signal line part is formed in a peripheral area surrounding the display area. The signal line part includes a first line formed with a first conductive layer, and a second line formed with a second conductive layer over the first line. The second line overlaps the first line. The signal pad part includes a first pad integrally formed with the first line, and a second pad integrally formed with the second line, wherein an identical driving signal is applied to the first pad and the second pad. Accordingly, the line resistance of the signal line part may be reduced.

Abstract: In each sub-frame, data writing scanning is performed twice continuously, and then data erasing scanning is performed twice continuously. The applied voltage in the data writing scanning and the applied voltage in the data erasing scanning are substantially equal in magnitude, but opposite in polarity. After a response of the liquid crystal by the first application of voltage, the cell charge decreases and the responsiveness of liquid crystal decreases. However, with the second application of voltage of the same polarity, charges corresponding to the applied voltage are stored again in the liquid crystal cell, and the liquid crystal responds again. A display of a greater number of grayscales than the number of output grayscales of a driver is achieved according to a combination of magnitude of voltages to be applied to the liquid crystal a plurality of times within each sub-frame.

Abstract: An electric field alignment method of liquid crystal display including the steps of: applying a first voltage to a gate terminal of a thin film transistor for driving a liquid crystal cell having ferroelectric liquid crystal, wherein the first voltage is below a threshold voltage of the thin film transistor; and supplying a second voltage for electric field alignment of the ferroelectric liquid crystal to the liquid crystal cell by using leakage current of the thin film transistor generated due to the first voltage.

Abstract: A display panel driving apparatus includes a display control section for controlling display on a plasma display panel, a drive section for driving the plasma display panel on the basis of a signal supplied from the display control section, and a transmission line for transferring data between the display control section and the drive section. The drive section includes a decoder section for decoding the signal supplied from the display control section and generating a control signal to generate drive pulses.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal display and a fabricating method thereof that is capable of improving light efficiency by preventing light efficiency deterioration due to the low voltage holding ratio of a ferroelectric liquid crystal. The ferroelectric liquid crystal display supplies red, green and blue data signals to each of the liquid crystal cells and is in a stand-by state during a responding period of liquid crystal, and then sequentially generates red, green and blue lights corresponding to each of the red, green and blue data signals. With this configuration, deterioration in brightness due to the low voltage holding ratio of the ferroelectric liquid crystal can be prevented and the light efficiency can be increased.

Abstract: A method and a system for displaying images are provided. In the method, a pixel is provided that includes a layer of ferroelectric material and a layer of liquid crystal material. A first electric field is momentarily applied to the pixel to electrically polarize the ferroelectric layer to a first polarization. The first polarization is then used to maintain the liquid crystal material in a first orientation corresponding to a first apparent brightness of the pixel.

Abstract: A driving method of a liquid crystal display is described. The driving method of liquid crystal display firstly detects the maximum grayscale of all pixel of liquid crystal display, and adjusts the out-put brightness of back-light modules in order to provide the corresponding brightness to the pixels of the maximum grayscale. Meanwhile, adjust all grayscale values of all pixels to map a new grayscale value, and drive each pixel. This driving method of this crystal display provides a sharp display quality when displaying darker image, and further reduces power consumption, particularly when displaying low brightness images.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a liquid crystal display apparatus which includes a liquid crystal display element, and a driving device for driving the display element by simple matrix driving. The display element includes a liquid crystal layer exhibiting a cholesteric phase, and has scanning electrodes and signal electrodes. The driving device is configured such that a driving voltage of single polarity including a selection signal voltage is applied to the scanning electrodes in each frame, and the polarity of the driving voltage is reversed in every frame. The selection signal voltage is successively applied to each scanning electrode in a scanning period set for the scanning electrode, while a rewriting signal voltage corresponding to each scanning electrode in the selected state is applied to each signal electrode. An application period of the selection signal voltage to the scanning electrode is ½ the scanning period.

Abstract: A method of aligning a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) material capable of facilitating the restoration of an initial alignment of FLC material as a result of mounting of driving circuits includes simultaneously applying a first voltage to a Vcom terminal formed on a source printed circuit board and applying a second voltage to a GND terminal also formed on the source printed circuit board while the first voltage is also applied to a Vcom terminal formed on a gate printed circuit board and while the second voltage is also applied to a GND terminal formed on the gate printed circuit board.

Abstract: A ferroelectric memory device capable of structurally reducing data deterioration. In this ferroelectric memory device, bitlines are hierarchized, and sub-bitlines subordinate to the bitlines through sub-bitline select switches are provided in each of a plurality of block regions. The block regions are sequentially selected along an increment direction, and wordlines in each block are sequentially selected along the increment direction from the lowest wordline to the highest wordline. The number “n” of wordlines arranged in each block region is set equal to or less than a predetermined limit number about relaxation.

Abstract: A system for producing spatially modulated monochrome or color light having gray scale includes an active matrix liquid crystal spatial light modulator having light modulating means including (i) a layer of ferroelectric liquid crystal material which is designed to switch between ON and OFF states and (ii) active matrix means including VLSI circuitry for dividing the layer of liquid crystal material into an array of individual liquid crystal pixels and for causing each of the pixels of liquid crystal material to modulate light individually by switching between the ON and OFF states in a way that depends upon the data which the VLSI circuitry is written. The system also includes illumination means having a light source for directing light from the source into the pixel-divided layer of ferroelectric liquid crystal material in a specific way.

Abstract: A display includes a ferroelectric liquid crystal material having an asymmetric polarity response property, a section which applies an image signal to a pixel of the material for every two fields forming one frame, and a controller which reverses the polarity of the signal in one frame period. Particularly, the controller is configured that the polarity of the signal is reversed in a selected one of first and second manners, the first manner initiating a signal amplitude change from a polarity in which a larger response of the material is obtainable, the second manner initiating a signal amplitude change from a polarity in which a smaller response of the material is obtainable, and the selected manner being smaller in the total of brightness deviation generated in a frame immediately after the change for each of predetermined brightness transitions.

Abstract: The present invention realizes proper driving circuits in a driving-circuit integral type liquid crystal display device which has an increased screen size. The liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel and a driving circuit which supplies video signals to video signal lines formed on the liquid crystal display panel. The driving circuit is comprised of a first driving circuit which is formed in a step similar to a step for forming pixels provided to the liquid crystal display panel and a second driving circuit which is connected to the liquid crystal display panel after formation of the liquid crystal display panel. The first driving circuit is constituted of a switching circuit which is capable of distributing an output of the second driving circuit to a plurality of video signal lines.

Abstract: An antiferroelectric liquid crystal display comprises: an antiferroelectric liquid crystal display element which includes an antiferroelectric liquid crystal that is sandwiched between a pair of substrates having a plurality of scanning electrodes and signal electrodes deposited respectively on the opposing surfaces thereof; and a light source which successively emits a plurality of different colors of light.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display drive method that uses a drive voltage waveform consisting of a display signal period (display waveform 32 bits) and a control signal period irrelevant to display (control waveform 2 bits) in a given time or a period of plural frames or one frame. This method suppresses generation of internal DC voltage and thus prevents impurity ions from deteriorating the quality of displayed pictures.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) interface that includes a plurality of first transmission lines including N sets of transmission lines, each set of the first transmission lines being associated with a pixel formed in the LCD device, and a plurality of second transmission lines, each being coupled to one the plurality of first transmission lines, the plurality of second transmission lines including a plurality of sets, alternating in odd-numbered and even-numbered sets, each set of the second transmission lines corresponding to the plurality of first transmission lines, and each set including a plurality of subsets, each being associated with a pixel formed in the LCD device, wherein an M-th subset of each of the odd-numbered sets of the second transmission lines is coupled to an M-th set of the first transmission lines, and an M-th subset of each of the even-numbered sets of the second transmission lines is coupled to an (N?M+1)-th set of the first transmission lines, M being an integral between 1 and N.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device afflicted with no image persistence is disclosed. The liquid crystal display device according to the present invention comprises a pixel portion in which a plurality of pixel TFTs are matrix-wise disposed, a source driver and a gate driver which feed a plurality of the TFTs with picture signals, and a liquid crystal material which has substantially no threshold value, characterized in that one frame is formed of a plurality of sub-frames, and, during at least one of a plurality of the sub-frames, the display by a reset signal is performed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a technology of further reducing power consumption while a display device having an SRAM built therein is being driven based on data held in the SRAM. A power source voltage control circuit is provided in a power source voltage generating unit for supplying a power source voltage to a data driver and a scan driver of the display device. During a period when graphic data held in the SRAM is supplied to a pixel and a display is performed, the supply of the power source voltage from the power source voltage control circuit is stopped, and operations of the data driver and the scan driver are stopped.

Abstract: A hold LCD unit has an array of pixels including a first group of higher luminance pixels which pass a higher luminance state to a stable luminance state in each field, and a second group of lower luminance pixels which do not pass such a higher luminance state. The average luminance of the first group in each field assumes a desired luminance for each pixel of the first group. The configuration of the LCD unit removes the tail of moving object as observed in the moving picture.

Abstract: A scan-driving circuit for making a high image quality and a low power consumption compatible. This scan-driving circuit comprises: a shift register including first to Nth flip-flops corresponding to first to Nth scan lines, respectively, and connected in series; a level conversion section including first to Nth level shifter circuits for shifting the voltage levels of the individual output nodes of the first to Nth flip-flops individually; and a scan line drive section including first to Nth drive circuits for driving the first to Nth scan lines sequentially in a manner to correspond to the potentials of the output nodes of the first to Nth level shifter circuits. The first to Nth scan lines are divided into a plurality of blocks, for which the scan lines are individually arranged. The first to Nth drive circuits scan and drive the scan lines in the designated block at a time of a partial display in which the display and drive are done on a block basis.

Abstract: A method of addressing multistable nematic liquid crystal devices, in particular bistable nematic liquid crystal devices is provided. The method is a line at a time addressing scheme where one of at least two data waveforms is applied simultaneously to each of the column electrodes whilst a strobe waveform is applied to a row. The strobe waveform comprises a blanking portion sufficient to cause the liquid crystal material to blank, irrespective of which data waveform is applied, immediately followed by a discriminating portion which is such that in combination with an appropriate data waveform allows for selective latching. At least part of both the blanking portion and the discriminating portion are applied during the line address time for the particular row of interest.

Abstract: An active semiconductor backplane for a matrix liquid crystal display comprises a plurality of mutually exclusive sets of electrically-addressable elements defining a pixel array. Scanning circuitry addresses the sets one at a time. Set selection circuitry addresses more than one of the plurality of sets simultaneously. Preferably, the sets are simultaneously addressable rows for fast blanking. Single pass and two-pass schemes for writing and re-writing the array are described.

Abstract: A display includes a ferroelectric liquid crystal material having an asymmetric polarity response property, a section which applies an image signal to a pixel of the material for every two fields forming one frame, and a controller which reverses the polarity of the signal in one frame period. Particularly, the controller is configured that the polarity of the signal is reversed in a selected one of first and second manners, the first manner initiating a signal amplitude change from a polarity in which a larger response of the material is obtainable, the second manner initiating a signal amplitude change from a polarity in which a smaller response of the material is obtainable, and the selected manner being smaller in the total of brightness deviation generated in a frame immediately after the change for each of predetermined brightness transitions.

Abstract: Select areas and specific pixels of a digital video display screen may be updated at video frame rate while other areas or pixels are not updated at video frame rate. Further, select pixels may be updated more than once within the normal update timing of a single video frame. Selective updating may be accomplished by indicating data video processing requirements.

Abstract: An auto-adjusting light system includes an inputting sub-circuit, a photosensitive sub-circuit, a controlling sub-circuit, a starting sub-circuit, and a display. The inputting sub-circuit is used to input a setting value. The photosensitive sub-circuit is used to catch variations of the light source in the background. The controlling sub-circuit is coupled with the inputting sub-circuit and the photosensitive sub-circuit to receive the setting value and the variation value and generates a controlling signal. The starting sub-circuit is coupled with the controlling sub-circuit to receive the controlling signal and generates a starting voltage. The display is coupled with the starting sub-circuit to receive the starting voltage lightening the display.

Abstract: Drive switches 3b1 to 3bn selectively apply a constant current to any one of anode electrode lines 1A. Constant current sources 3a1 to 3an supply the constant current to anode electrode lines 1A, respectively, via drive switches 3b1 to 3bn. Scanning switches 2a1 to 2am selectively set any one of cathode electrode lines 1B to a ground potential and apply a reverse bias voltage to the other cathode electrode lines 1B. First temperature compensation means 5 is provided with the temperature detection means 5a for detecting an ambient temperature of organic EL devices E11 to Enm, and generates a first temperature compensation drive voltage VA obtained by changing a power supply voltage according to an output from the temperature detection means 5a and supplies the first temperature compensation drive voltage VA to the constant current sources 3a1 to 3an.

Abstract: A standard voltage generating circuit generates standard voltages as many as the number of gradations. Then, the standard voltages are separated into standard voltages of high level and those of low level, by a selector circuit, regardless of polarities thereof. One of the standard voltages of high level thus separated by the selector circuit is selected by a Pch-arranged converting section of a D/A converting circuit. Then, the selected one of the standard voltages of high level is outputted as a gradation-display-use voltage. Meanwhile, One of the standard voltages of low level thus separated by the selector circuit is selected by an Nch-arranged converting section of the D/A converting circuit. Then, the selected one of the standard voltages of low level is outputted as a gradation-display-use voltage. With this arrangement, it is possible to attain miniaturization of a circuit and lower power consumption in a display apparatus which performs gradation display by a voltage modulation method.

Abstract: Disclosed are a ferroelectric liquid crystal apparatus using a swing power supply, and a driving method for the ferroelectric liquid crystal apparatus, wherein the pulse duration of a scanning electrode driving waveform is made shorter than the pulse duration of the swing power supply, and the time from the beginning of a pulse trailing edge of the scanning electrode driving waveform to the beginning of a pulse leading edge of the swing power supply is set equal to or shorter than the period during which the pulse trailing edge of the scanning electrode driving waveform rises or falls while describing a time constant curve.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for driving an active matrix type liquid crystal display device including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and the second electrodes, and the liquid crystal layer having a larger polarization when a voltage of a first polarity is applied to the first electrode against the second electrode than that when a voltage of a second polarity different from the first polarity is applied to the first electrode against the second electrode, the method comprising dividing a frame into a first field and a second field, applying a first voltage of the first polarity to the first electrode during the first field, generating a second voltage from the first voltage by changing its polarity, a magnitude of the second voltage being modified by an amount of ?V (?V?0) based on a magnitude of the first voltage in a direction of the first polarity when the first voltage is not zero, and applying the second voltage to the first electrode during the s