Abstract: A scanned antenna (1000) is a scanned antenna including antenna elements (U) arranged together, the scanned antenna including: a TFT substrate (101) including a first dielectric substrate (1), TFTs, gate bus lines, source bus lines, and patch electrodes (15); a slot substrate (201) including a second dielectric substrate (51) a slot electrode (55); a liquid crystal layer (LC) provided between the TFT substrate and the slot substrate; and a reflective conductive plate (65). The slot electrode includes slots (57) arranged so as to correspond to the patch electrodes. As seen from the normal direction to the first dielectric substrate, a plurality of spacer structures (75) provided between the TFT substrate and the slot substrate are arranged so as not to overlap with first regions (Rp1) and/or second regions (Rp2), where the first regions are regions that are within a distance of 0.3 mm from edges of the slots and the second regions are regions that are within a distance of 0.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, stepped structure is formed on a semiconductor substrate, a processing film is formed to cover the stepped structure, a resist film is formed on the processing film in such a manner as to be thinner at a higher portion of the stepped structure than at a lower portion of the same, and the resist film and the processing film are etched to flatten the processing film.

Abstract: An optical system can include an aligned fiber in optical communication with an optical medium. The optical system can also include a micro-mirror separated from an end of the aligned fiber by a first distance. The micro-mirror is positioned and shaped to transform light transmitted between the end of the aligned fiber and a target region of an integrated circuit (IC) chip. The micro-mirror is separated from the target region by a second distance the micro-mirror transforms an aspect ratio of a beam profile of the light.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mirror display that sufficiently prevents a decrease in the screen luminance in the display mode while sufficiently increasing the reflectance in the mirror mode, and also gives excellent production efficiency.

Abstract: A layer arrangement (1) which changes the transmission of incident light depending on its temperature, where the layer arrangement (1) has a first polarization layer (5a), a switching layer (2) which influences the polarization properties of light depending on the temperature, and a second polarization layer (5b), whereby both the first polarization layer (5a) and the second polarization layer (5b) are arranged to affect polarization both in the VIS region and in the NIR region.

Abstract: An optical apparatus is configured to introduce light from an object to an image pickup element, and includes first, second, and third retardation plates, a polarizer, and a setter. The first retardation plate, the second retardation plate, and the polarizer are arranged in this order from a side of the object to a side of the image pickup element. The slow axis direction or the fast axis direction of the second retardation plate tilts to the slow axis direction or the fast axis direction of the first retardation plate. The setter sets the retardation of the second retardation plate according to the polarization component of the light from the object.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reflective liquid crystal display device, which includes an upper substrate and a lower substrate that are opposite to each other, a liquid crystal layer arranged between the upper and lower substrates, a transparent plastic layer bonded to a surface of the lower substrate that is distant from the liquid crystal layer, and a mirror-reflection layer that is attached by the transparent plastic layer to the surface of the lower substrate. The transparent plastic material of the transparent plastic layer for attaching the mirror-reflection layer contains therein transparent particles and the transparent plastic material and the transparent particles have different reflectivity so as to provide an effect of diffuse reflection.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel which displays an image and is curved with respect to a first direction, a light guide plate disposed under the display panel and curved with respect to the first direction, a light source which provides a light to the light guide plate, a bottom chassis disposed under the light guide plate, and a supporting part disposed between the light guide plate and the bottom chassis and including an upper surface curved with respect to the first direction and a lower surface which is flat.

Abstract: A mirror substrate includes a transparent substrate, a plurality of first mirror patterns arranged on the transparent substrate and spaced apart from each other, each of the first mirror patterns including a phase compensation layer and a first mirror layer sequentially stacked on the transparent substrate, and a second mirror layer disposed on the transparent substrate and between neighboring ones of the first mirror patterns, the second mirror layer having a second thickness less than a first thickness of the first mirror layer.

Abstract: The invention is an optical system for up-conversion of SWIR images into visible images. The optical system of the invention comprises a liquid crystal optically addressed spatial light modulator (LC-OASLM), which acts as an optical valve, and two optionally GRADIUM lenses to reduce the size and complexity of the optical setup. In embodiments of the invention, the photosensitive layer is replaced by a photodiode or array of photodiodes and the liquid crystal layer is replaced by an array (film) of organic light emitting diodes which emit light at the VIS by collecting SWIR light or by a fluorescence layer with sensitivity in the SWIR range.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a color filter substrate, a method of manufacturing the color filter substrate, a touch screen and a display device, and pertains to the technical field of touch screen. The color filter substrate includes a transparent substrate, and a touch screen panel pattern provided on a side of the transparent substrate. A surface of the touch screen panel pattern is provided with a plurality of concave curved faces.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a pixel array formed on the first substrate, a transparent substrate, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the pixel array and the transparent substrate, a transparent electrode disposed between the transparent substrate and the liquid crystal layer, and an input electrode. The transparent electrode has a longer first edge and an orthogonal shorter second edge. The input electrode extends along, and is electrically coupled along, the first edge of the transparent electrode and has lower impedance than a portion of the transparent electrode overlying the pixel array. The input electrode can include additional portion(s) that extend along, and that are electrically-coupled along, the other edges of the transparent electrode. The input electrode reduces the common voltage propagation delay across the transparent electrode and improves reduces intensity variation over the display area, even for high-frequency common voltage waveforms.

Abstract: A decoder performs forward error correction based on quasi-cyclic regular column-partition low density parity check codes. A method for designing the parity check matrix reduces the number of short-cycles of the matrix to increase performance. An adaptive quantization post-processing technique further improves performance by eliminating error floors associated with the decoding. A parallel decoder architecture performs iterative decoding using a parallel pipelined architecture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a metallized plastic product with a gold or silver hue, comprising the steps: galvanization of a surface of the plastic body for forming a galvanized chromium layer; deposition by evaporation of a metal layer directly on the galvanized chromium layer, the metal being copper, a mixture of metals comprising at least 70% by weight of copper, a copper alloy comprising at least 70% by weight of copper, or aluminum. The invention also relates to a metallized plastic product (1) with a gold or silver hue, comprising a plastic body (2), a galvanized chromium layer (3, 4, 5, 6), and a metal layer (7), the metal being copper, a mixture of metals comprising at least 70% by weight of copper, an alloy containing copper in an amount of at least 70% by weight, or aluminum.

Abstract: The invention relates to improvements in security elements for use in or on security substrates. In particular the invention is concerned with security elements having public recognition features. The security element includes at least one light transmitting carrier substrate, a first metal layer having substantially metal-free areas defining indicia which are visible in transmitted light, a partial first light scattering layer providing further indicia which are visible in reflected light. The first light scattering layer overlaps the metal free areas in the first metal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a plurality of first regions and a plurality of second regions. The first regions and the second regions are formed on the first substrate and the second substrate. In a narrow viewing mode, the luminous flux of the first regions along a first viewing direction is different from that of the first regions along a second viewing direction opposite to the first viewing direction, and the luminous flux of the second regions along the first viewing direction is substantially different from that of the first regions along the first viewing direction.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a panel comprising a plurality of microcells wherein each of the microcells has a bottom, the panel has a first area and a second area, and the microcells in the first area have substantially the same bottom thickness and the microcells in the second area have added bottom thicknesses. Such a panel is useful for many applications, such drug administrations.

Abstract: The present invention provides a manufacture method of an IPS TFT-LCD array substrate and an IPS TFT-LCD array substrate. In the manufacture method of the IPS TFT-LCD array substrate, the pixel electrode and the common electrode are manufactured with the same transparent conductive layer, and a plurality of strip shape channels parallel with one another in the pixel area are provided on the insulation protective layer below the pixel electrode and the common electrode, and the pixel electrode and the common electrode are alternately distributed along bosses at two sides of the channels and extend to side walls of the channels, and thus to increase the areas of the pixel electrode and the common electrode in the direction vertical to the substrate, and to increase the horizontal electrical field, and meanwhile to increase the storage capacitor, and thus to promote the display quality of the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: A polarizer integrated with conductive material and a process for forming a polarizer integrated with conductive material are disclosed. A polarizer can be integrated with conductive material to form a portion of a touch sensor panel. In one example, a layer of conductive film forming either the row or column traces can be patterned on a surface of a substrate in the polarizer. In another example, the layer of conductive film can be patterned on a viewing angle compensation film of the polarizer. One or more of the polarizer's polarizing layer, protective substrates or viewing angle compensation film can act as a dielectric between the conductive material forming the rows and column traces in the stack-up. As a result, the clear polymer spacer acting as a dielectric in touch panels can be removed, reducing the thickness of the touch screen stack-up.

Abstract: A display apparatus including a first substrate including a plurality of light emitting diodes regularly disposed thereon, a second substrate including a thin-film transistor (TFT) panel part including a plurality of TFTs configured to drive the light emitting diodes, and a third substrate including a light converter configured to convert light emitted from the first substrate, in which the first substrate and the second substrate are coupled to face each other, the light emitting diodes are electrically connected to the TFTs, respectively, the first substrate and the third substrate are coupled to face each other, and light emitted from the light emitting diodes is converted into at least one of blue light, green light, and red light through the light converter.

Abstract: A touch panel which is thin, has a simple structure, or is easily incorporated into an electronic device is provided. The touch panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer, a third conductive layer, a fourth conductive layer, liquid crystal, and an FPC. The first conductive layer has a function of a pixel electrode. The second conductive layer has a function of a common electrode. The third and fourth conductive layers each have a function of an electrode of a touch sensor. The FPC is electrically connected to the fourth conductive layer. The first, second, third, and fourth conductive layers and the liquid crystal are provided between the first and second substrates. The first, second, and third conductive layers are provided over the first substrate. The FPC is provided over the first substrate.

Abstract: A reflective display device including: a reflection plate; a liquid crystal layer disposed on the reflection plate, the liquid crystal layer including a liquid crystal aligned vertically in an initial alignment state, a first phase delay layer disposed on the liquid crystal layer; a reflective polarizing element disposed on the first phase delay layer; and an absorptive polarizing element disposed on the reflective polarizing element, wherein external light incident on the absorptive polarizing element is in an unpolarized state.

Abstract: In a light-emitting device where reflective electrodes are regularly arranged, occurrence of interference fringes due to reflection of light reflected by the reflective electrode is inhibited. A surface of the reflective electrode of a light-emitting element is provided with a plurality of depressions. The shapes of the plurality of depressions are different from each other and do not have rotational symmetry. Irregularity of the surface shape of the reflective electrode is increased, which inhibits interference of light reflected by the reflective electrode. To form the plurality of depressions in the surface of the reflective electrode, for example, a surface of an insulating layer that is a base of the reflective electrode is made uneven. Reflecting the surface shape of the insulating layer, the reflective electrode has an uneven surface.

Abstract: A PCB underneath the display panel includes a plurality of insulation layers and one or more metal layers disposed between two adjacent insulation layers out of the plurality of insulation layers. A lower structure is disposed between the display panel and the PCB. At least a portion of a metal layer among the one or more metal layers that is most adjacent to the lower structure is exposed, and the lower structure is electrically connected to the exposed portion of the metal layer. Such exposed portion of the metal layer is electrically connected to the lower structure, so that the area where the PCB is referenced to the ground potential is increased. As a result, residual voltage, residual current in the PCB and noise caused by electromagnetic fields generated thereby can be reduced.

Abstract: A touch panel, including a polyurethane substrate; a touch electrode including a first electrode layer on the polyurethane substrate, the first electrode including nanowires; and a polyurethane overcoat layer on the touch electrode, the polyurethane overcoat layer having an in-plane phase difference smaller than that of the polyurethane substrate.

Abstract: A decoder performs forward error correction based on quasi-cyclic regular column-partition low density parity check codes. A method for designing the parity check matrix reduces the number of short-cycles of the matrix to increase performance. An adaptive quantization post-processing technique further improves performance by eliminating error floors associated with the decoding. A parallel decoder architecture performs iterative decoding using a parallel pipelined architecture.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an array substrate and a manufacturing method thereof, and a display apparatus. The array substrate comprises a base substrate, and a thin film transistor, a color filter layer and a first passivation layer provided on the base substrate. The surface of the first electrode provided by the present invention is provided with a concave-convex structure that can scatter external incident light, so that incident light from outside is diffusely reflected, thereby avoiding excessive concentration of light and improving external visibility and recognizability of the displayed pictures.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes an insulating substrate, a wavelength conversion element, a light propagation layer including a light-path portion formed between the insulating substrate and the wavelength conversion element, wherein an area of a surface on the insulating substrate side is greater than an area of a surface on the wavelength conversion element side, and a non-light-path portion formed of a material having a refractive index less than the light-path portion, the light-path portion being sandwiched between the non-light-path portions, and a reflective film formed between the non-light-path portion and the wavelength conversion element.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a substrate, a circuit, and a pixel electrode. The substrate includes a display area and a peripheral area outside the display area. The circuit is disposed in the display area. The circuit includes a plurality of conductive layers, and each conductive layer contacts a corresponding inorganic layer arranged directly below the each conductive layer. The pixel electrode is arranged over the circuit and is electrically connected to at least one of the conductive layers.

Abstract: Provided are a dummy wafer, a thin-film forming method, and a method of fabricating a semiconductor device using the same. The dummy wafer includes an insulating substrate with a first surface opposite a second surface, and a plurality of openings formed in the insulating substrate. The plurality of openings penetrate at least a portion of the insulating substrate in a direction from the first surface toward the second surface. The first and second surfaces of the insulating substrate, and an inner surface of each of the plurality of openings, include protrusions.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) panel includes a first substrate, electrode patterns, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal (LC) layer. The electrode patterns are located on the first substrate, and a lateral electric field is generated via the electrode patterns according to a driving voltage. The second substrate is located opposite to the first substrate. The LC layer is located between the first and second substrates and includes a voltage driven LC layer and an induced LC layer. The voltage driven LC layer is located on the electrode patterns and is driven by the driving voltage to be optically anisotropic or optically isotropic. The induced LC layer is located between the voltage driven LC layer and the second substrate and induced to be optically anisotropic when the voltage driven LC layer is driven to be optically anisotropic. A thickness of the LC layer is larger than 4 ?m.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display device and a method of manufacturing the same are provided that may reduce the resistance of a second electrode and may prevent corrosion and metal migration of a pad electrode without adding a separate mask process, or while reducing the number of mask processes. In the organic light emitting display device, an auxiliary line is connected to a second electrode through an auxiliary electrode, which is provided in the same layer as a first electrode, and a pad cover electrode is configured to cover an upper surface and a side surface of a pad connection electrode so as to prevent the pad connection electrode connected to a pad from being exposed outward.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with a display that has a layer of liquid crystal material interposed between a color filter layer and a thin-film-transistor layer. The thin-film-transistor layer may have a substrate with an upper surface and a lower surface. A circular polarizer may be formed on the upper surface. Thin-film transistor circuitry such as gate driver circuitry may be formed on the lower surface. A display driver circuit may be mounted on an inactive border region of the lower surface of the thin-film transistor substrate. Display pixels may form an array in a central active region of the display. A grid of metal gate and data lines may distribute signals from the display driver circuit and gate driver circuitry to the display pixels. A grid of non-reflecting lines may be interposed between the grid of metal lines and the lower surface.

Abstract: A liquid crystal layer is disposed on a second glass substrate side between a first glass substrate and a second glass substrate, a first insulating film and a second insulating film are formed in this order on a surface of the first glass substrate that is disposed on the liquid crystal layer side, the outer edge portion of the liquid crystal layer is surrounded by a sealing material, and a slit is formed in a part or the whole of the peripheral edge portion of the second insulating film disposed on a further inner side than a position at which the second insulating film overlaps the sealing material. In addition, a slit formed in a peripheral edge portion of the first insulating film that corresponds to the sealing material is filled with a gate insulating film having a higher barrier property for gas and/or liquid than the first insulating film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having a curved surface includes: a display panel including a first display panel, a second display panel, and a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween and including liquid crystal molecules. The first display panel includes a first substrate on which a plurality of gate lines and data lines are formed, a first electrode, and a pixel electrode. The second display panel includes a second substrate facing the first substrate and a second electrode. The liquid crystal display further includes a common voltage supplier applying two voltages having a predetermined voltage difference to the first and second electrodes within a period before a frame displaying an image on the display panel; a gate driver applying a gate signal to each of the gate lines after the period; and a data driver applying a data voltage to the pixel electrode corresponding to the gate signal.

Abstract: Provided are a display device and a method of fabricating the display device. The display device includes a display panel, a backlight unit, and a light emitting sheet. The backlight unit is disposed under the display panel to provide light to the display panel. The light emitting sheet is disposed between the display panel and the backlight unit. The light emitting sheet includes a lower film, a first light emitting resin pattern layer, an upper film, and a second light emitting resin pattern layer. The first light emitting resin pattern layer is disposed on the lower film and includes a plurality of first protrusions and a plurality of first grooves defined between the first protrusions. The upper film is disposed on the first light emitting resin pattern layer. The second light emitting resin pattern layer is disposed between the first light emitting resin pattern layer and the upper film.

Abstract: A method for producing a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer-carrying optical film includes the step of applying, over the optical film, a coating liquid for anchor layer comprising a mixed solvent comprising 10 to 100% by weight of water and 90 to 0% by weight of an alcohol, and a polyoxyalkylene-group-containing polymer so as to give an applied-coat thickness before drying of 20 ?m or less; and next drying the workpiece under drying conditions satisfying both of the following requirements (1) and (2): (1) the drying temperature T is from 40 to 70° C., and (2) a value obtained by multiplying the drying temperature T (° C.) by the drying period H (seconds), T×H, satisfies: 400?(T×H)?4000, thereby removing the mixed solvent to form the anchor layer.

Abstract: A light guide film for use with a light source includes a light-transmissive substrate and a light-transmissive layer. The substrate includes a top surface, and a light-incident lateral surface adapted to be disposed adjacent to the light source. The layer is disposed on the top surface of the substrate and has a light-incident lateral surface aligned with the light-incident lateral surface of the substrate. The light-transmissive layer has an inclined surface that is opposite to the substrate and that extends away from the light-incident lateral surface of the layer and obliquely toward the top surface of the substrate. The layer has a refractive index different from that of the substrate.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal device includes a first substrate including a first electrode and a second electrode opposed to the first electrode, a second substrate opposed to the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules held between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the second electrode is positioned closer to the liquid crystal layer than is the first electrode and has a polygonal-shaped first opening including at least one projection, and the liquid crystal layer indicates transparency when no voltage is applied thereto and indicates scattering when a voltage is applied thereto.

Abstract: A double-sided liquid crystal display device is provided, which includes a light guide plate, a light source, a first liquid crystal panel, a second liquid crystal panel and a reflective Dual Brightness Enhancement Film (DBEF). The light guide plate has a light incident side, a first light exit surface and a second light exit surface. The light source is disposed adjacent to the light incident side. The first liquid crystal panel is disposed opposite to the first light exit surface, and a first lower polarizer of the first liquid crystal panel faces the first light exit surface. The DBEF is disposed between the first lower polarizer and the first light exit surface, and a direction of light transmission axis of DBEF is in parallel with that of the first lower polarizer, and the direction of light transmission axis of DBEF is perpendicular to that of the second upper polarizer.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method of fabricating an anti-reflective film, comprising forming a zinc oxynitride layer on a substrate; annealing the zinc oxynitride layer; and etching the surface of the zinc oxynitride layer with an etching solution to form a micro lenses layer comprising a plurality of micro lenses on surface.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a wavelength converter includes a microlens which condenses excitation light, a reflective layer which is opposed to the microlens and includes an aperture, and a wavelength conversion element which is opposed to the microlens via the reflective layer, absorbs the excitation light, and emits emission light whose wavelength is different from that of the excitation light.

Abstract: A display panel includes a substrate, a color filter layer, a first insulating layer, a first conductive layer, a second insulating layer, a display layer, and a second conductive layer. The substrate includes a surface, wherein a first direction is perpendicular to the surface. The first insulating layer includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode. The second insulating layer includes a first protrusion and a second protrusion disposed between the first and second electrodes, and a third protrusion and a fourth protrusion disposed between the second and third electrodes. The second conductive layer includes a first reflection portion disposed between the first and second protrusions, and a second reflection portion disposed between the third and fourth protrusions. A first distance between the first reflection portion and the surface is different from a second distance between the second reflection portion and the surface.

Abstract: A tetragonal ring shape aperture is formed in the common electrode on one substrate and a cross shape aperture is formed at the position corresponding to the center of the tetragonal ring shape aperture in the pixel electrode on the other substrate. A liquid crystal layer between two electrodes are divided to four domains where the directors of the liquid crystal layer have different angles when a voltage is applied to the electrodes. The directors in adjacent domains make a right angle. The tetragonal ring shape aperture is broken at midpoint of each side of the tetragon, and the width of the aperture decreases as goes from the bent point to the edge. Wide viewing angle is obtained by four domains where the directors of the liquid crystal layer indicate different directions, disclination is removed and luminance increases.

Abstract: A polarizing member includes a base layer, a first reflection preventing layer and a second reflection preventing layer. A base layer polarizes light, generating polarized light. A first reflection preventing layer is disposed on the base layer, diffusing the polarized light and generating first diffused light. A second reflection is disposed on the first reflection preventing layer, diffusing the first diffused light and generating second diffused light.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel, a first polarizer, a liquid crystal lens, a first quarter-wave plate, and a second quarter-wave plate. The display panel displays an image. The first polarizer disposed on the display panel reflects a first light having a polarization direction parallel to a reflection axis of the first polarizer. The liquid crystal lens includes liquid crystal molecules and changes a phase of the first light or a second light according to a driving signal applied to the liquid crystal lens. The second and first lights travel in opposite directions with respect to each other. The first quarter-wave plate is disposed between the first polarizer and the liquid crystal lens. The second quarter-wave plate is disposed between the liquid crystal lens and a second polarizer. The display device operates in a mirror mode, a three-dimensional mode, and a two-dimensional mode according to the driving signal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a pixel electrode substrate including a pixel electrode and a counter electrode formed thereon; a counter substrate provided to face the pixel electrode substrate; and a liquid crystal interposed between the pixel electrode substrate and the counter substrate, the liquid crystal display device being of a mode that rotates liquid crystal molecules substantially in parallel to the pixel electrode substrate. In the display device, an initial alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules is parallel to an extension direction of at least one of the pixel electrode and the counter electrode, and a pixel includes at least one convex portion or concave portion that has a long and narrow shape and whose longitudinal direction has an oblique angle with respect to the initial alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the same direction as a desired liquid crystal rotation direction.

Abstract: A smart watch and method for controlling the same are disclosed, by which both a physical watch function and a mobile terminal function are provided. The present application includes a case, at least one physical hand situated in the case, the at least one physical hand configured to display a current time, a display unit situated below the hand in the case, the display unit configured to display various informations, and a movement configured to rotate the hand, the movement connected to the hand through the display unit in the case.

Abstract: A scanning device includes a transparent platen which receives a sheet to be scanned. A backing assembly is spaced from the platen by the sheet during scanning. The backing assembly includes a backing plate of a fixed color and an electrochromic layer intermediate the backing plate and the platen. The electrochromic layer has a first state in which the electrochromic layer is opaque and has a different color from the fixed color, and a second state, in which the electrochromic layer is transparent to expose the backing plate through it. A sensor is positioned to acquire an image of the sheet based on light passing through the platen. A controller selectively applies a voltage across the electrochromic layer to change the electrochromic layer between the first and second states.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a display device of which image display can be favorably recognized. Another object is to provide a manufacturing method of the display device with high productivity. Over a substrate, a pixel electrode that reflects incident light through a liquid crystal layer, a light-transmitting pixel electrode, and a structure whose side surface is covered with a reflective layer and which is positioned to overlap with the light-transmitting pixel electrode are provided. The structure is formed over a light-transmitting etching-stop layer, and the etching-stop layer remains below the structure as a light-transmitting layer.