Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal optical element includes first and second substrate units, a liquid crystal layer, and spacers. The first substrate unit includes a first substrate and first electrodes. The first substrate has a first major surface. The first electrodes are provided on the first major surface, extend along a first direction, and have a first width in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The second substrate unit includes a second substrate and an opposing electrode. The second substrate has a second major surface opposed to the first major surface. The opposing electrode is provided on the second major surface. The liquid crystal layer is provided between the first and second substrate units. The spacers are in contact with the liquid crystal layer. A diameter of each spacer is larger than the first width.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a TFT substrate having gate lines and data lines arranged thereon, the gate lines extending in a first direction and arranged in a second direction, the data lines extending in the second direction and arranged in the first direction; a counter substrate having a black matrix and a color filter; and liquid crystals put between the TFT substrate and the counter substrate. Columnar spacers are formed on the counter substrate. Pedestals are formed on portions of the TFT substrate, the portions corresponding to the columnar spacers. A convex portion and a concave portion are present at the top end of the columnar spacer. The pedestal is formed corresponding to the concave portion. The concave portion is opened at the ends thereof and connected to the lateral side of the columnar spacer.

Abstract: A display screen apparatus having a viewing region and a peripheral region surrounding the viewing region includes: a light transmissive substrate having inner and outer surfaces; and a light cured material layer disposed on the inner surface of the light transmissive substrate and having a peripheral portion corresponding in position to the peripheral region of the display screen apparatus. The peripheral portion is formed with a plurality of pores therein.

Abstract: A light deflector which deflects incident light and emits the deflected light, by changing a refractive index of a liquid crystal: a pair of ITO films; a plurality of prisms which are provided between the pair of transparent electrodes and are arranged on a facing surface of one of the pair of transparent electrodes, the facing surface facing a surface of the other one of the pair of transparent electrodes; two spacers arranged between the pair of transparent electrodes, and having, in a direction from one of the pair of transparent electrodes toward the other, widths which (i) are greater than widths of the prisms and (ii) are identical to each other; and a liquid crystal which is provided, within a space between the pair of transparent electrodes, in a portion other than a portion where the prisms and the two spacers exist.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate, a thin film transistor disposed on the substrate, a pixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor, a common electrode disposed on the pixel electrode and spaced apart from the pixel electrode, where a microcavity is defined between the pixel electrode and the common electrode, and a common electrode cutout is defined in the common electrode; a roof layer disposed on the common electrode, a liquid crystal injection hole formed through the common electrode and the roof layer, where the liquid crystal injection hole exposes a portion of the microcavity, a liquid crystal layer disposed in the microcavity, and an encapsulation layer disposed on the roof layer, where the encapsulation layer covers the liquid crystal injection hole and seals the microcavity.

Abstract: A pixel structure of a liquid crystal display panel includes a first substrate; a color filter layer formed on the first substrate, the color filter layer comprising a plurality of filtering areas for filtering light, and a plurality of blocking areas for blocking light; a main spacer formed on one of the blocking areas; a sub spacer formed on another one of the blocking areas; a second substrate; a thin film transistor formed on the second substrate; an insulating layer formed above the thin film transistor and the second substrate; a liquid crystal layer formed between the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein a distance from an upper surface of the insulating layer near the main spacer to the second substrate is greater than a distance from an upper surface of the insulating layer near the sub spacer to the second substrate.

Abstract: A display panel includes a substrate, a partition formed on the substrate and defining a plurality of openings, a plurality of color filters formed in the openings and having a substantially uniform thickness within each respective opening, and a spacer formed on the partition. The color filters and the spacer are formed through inkjet printing. The color filters have the substantially uniform thickness by the partition having a height which is greater than the thickness of the color filters during the inkjet printing. The height of the partition may be in a range of about 1.5 to about 2 times the thickness of the color filter.

Abstract: Each of the pixel electrodes that are disposed in a liquid crystal display panel of one embodiment of the present invention is constituted of minutely patterned electrode regions (a first minutely patterned electrode region and a second minutely patterned electrode region), and one solid electrode region, and the length Lpix of each of the pixel electrodes in a direction along a data line, and the total length LB of the minutely patterned electrode regions satisfies the relationship of LB/Lpix=0.3 to 0.6.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate and liquid crystals therebetween, the first substrate having a flat portion, an alignment film, and a concavo-convex pedestal formed in a pixel region, wherein the concavo-convex pedestal having at least two convex portions and recessed portions, and the at least two convex portions of the concavo-convex pedestal are at a position lower than a position of the flat portion. A thickness of the alignment film on the convex portions is less than a thickness of the alignment film on the recessed portions, and a second substrate has a columnar spacer which contacts the at least two convex portions of the concavo-convex pedestal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal lens panel includes a plurality of lens electrodes, an alignment layer, a sealant and a light blocking pattern. The lens electrodes are arranged in an active region. The alignment layer is disposed in an alignment region which overlaps an entire of the active region and extends further than the active region. The sealant is disposed in a seal line region which is outside the alignment region. The light blocking pattern is disposed in the light blocking region which is between the seal line region and the alignment region.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of manufacturing a black column spacer that includes preparing a substrate; forming a first organic layer on the substrate; forming a second organic layer on the first organic layer; performing exposure on the substrate on which the first organic layer and the second organic layer are formed using a half-tone mask; and developing the substrate and curing the resultant product, a black column spacer manufactured using the manufacturing method, and a color filter including the black column spacer.

Abstract: Touch-related information which cannot be acquired by the naked eye (dubbed here as sub-optical pattern information) has its corresponding sub-optical patterns respectively positioned within the aperture areas of respective domains such that the displayed image, as viewed from different viewing angles is not adversely affected by the embedded sub-optical patterns. One type of touch-related information which can be conveyed is that of touch location of a sub-optical pattern sensing pen positioned over one or more of the sub-optical patterns.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a pair of substrates disposed to face each other with a predetermined distance therebetween; a seal pattern, provided between the pair of substrates and has a closed-loop shape to surround and seal a liquid crystal, wherein the liquid crystal is provided in a form of a plurality of droplets on one of the pair of substrates and then is sandwiched between the pair of substrates, so that the plurality of droplets are respectively spread and sealed in a region surrounded by the seal pattern; and a dummy pattern, which is formed on the one substrate in the region surrounded by the seal pattern and has a height less than half of the predetermined distance, the dummy pattern being arranged adjacent to and in parallel to the seal pattern and in a range to which one droplet is spread out.

Abstract: Provided is a circuit substrate which can integrate circuit elements without degrading wiring characteristics, and a display device including the circuit substrate. The circuit substrate of the present invention includes a transistor substrate (10) which is a support substrate (1) having a transistor (20) and an external connection terminal (50) mounted thereon, and an external member (60) attached on the transistor substrate (10). The external member (60) is connected physically and electrically to the external connection terminal (50) through a conductive member (3), and the transistor (20) and the external connection terminal (50) are arranged side by side.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate, a thin film transistor disposed on the substrate, a pixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor, a common electrode disposed opposite to the pixel electrode and spaced apart from the pixel electrode, where a microcavity is defined between the common electrode and the pixel electrode, and a cutout is defined in the common electrode, an insulating layer disposed on the common electrode, a roof layer disposed on the insulating layer, where a liquid crystal injection hole is defined through the common electrode and the roof layer such that the common electrode and the roof layer expose a portion of the microcavity, a liquid crystal layer disposed in the microcavity, and an encapsulation layer disposed on the roof layer, where the encapsulation layer covers the liquid crystal injection hole, and seals the microcavity.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The second substrate includes a buffer layer, and the buffer layer includes a recessed portion. A spacer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, such that a portion of the spacer is extended into the recessed portion. A bottom surface of the recessed portion contacts an upper surface of the spacer. A shortest line crossing a center of the bottom surface of the recessed portion is longer than a longest line crossing a center of the upper surface of the spacer, by about 14 micrometers to about 20 micrometers.

Abstract: Multibeam diffraction grating-based backlighting includes a light guide and a multibeam diffraction grating at a surface of the light guide. The light guide is to guide light from a light source. The multibeam diffraction grating is to couple out a portion of the guided light using diffractive coupling and to direct the coupled out portion away from the light guide as a plurality of light beams with different principal angular directions.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having 2 pixel multi-domain type pixels, in which columnar spacers are disposed in optimal positions. Each of plural video lines has a first portion in which an acute-angled crossing angle of two crossing angles crossing each of scanning lines becomes a positive angle in a clockwise direction from each of the scanning lines, and a second portion in which an acute-angled crossing angle of the two crossing angles crossing each of scanning lines becomes a negative angle in the clockwise direction from each of the scanning lines. The first and second portions are alternately disposed so as to hold the scanning line between them.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode display is disclosed In one aspect, the display includes a display panel, a grid layer positioned on the display panel, wherein the grid layer includes a plurality of protrusions formed of a first protrusion and a second protrusion formed on a surface of the first protrusion, and a window positioned on the grid layer.

Abstract: An OLED apparatus including a lower substrate including a display and peripheral area, the peripheral area surrounding the display area; a TFT on the lower substrate; a pixel electrode electrically connected to the TFT; a pixel defining layer covering an edge of the pixel electrode and exposing a central portion of the pixel electrode; an intermediate layer on the pixel electrode and including an emission layer; an opposite electrode overlying the pixel electrode; an upper substrate overlying the lower substrate; a sealing member on the peripheral area and attaching the lower substrate to the upper substrate; and a shock absorption member including a first layer on the peripheral area, the first layer being separated from the sealing member and stacked in a layer stack structure on the lower substrate; and a second layer on the first layer and including a same material as the pixel defining layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a color filter substrate, manufacturing method thereof and liquid crystal panel. The manufacturing method includes coating sequentially second photo-resist, third photo-resist and fourth photo-resist and performing respective exposure development to form RGB color-resist layer and form at least a protruding column on the BM layer; wherein the protruding column being formed by at least one of the three exposure developments; and forming common electrode layer covering RGB color-resist layer and the protruding column exceeding above top surface of the common electrode layer. As such, the present invention reduces the number of required lithography processes, simplifies the manufacturing process of color filter substrate and liquid crystal panel so as to reduce manufacturing cost.

Abstract: A display device and method for manufacturing the same are discussed. The display device according to an embodiment includes a substrate, a gate metal line disposed on the substrate, a gate insulating film configured to insulate the gate metal line, a data metal line disposed on the gate insulating film, and a protection film disposed at an area where the gate metal line and the data metal line overlap each other between the gate metal line and the data metal line.

Abstract: An in-cell touch display device is disclosed. The device includes a color filter substrate, a Thin Film Transistor array substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the color filter substrate and the Thin Film Transistor array substrate. The color filter substrate includes a grid black matrix layer, a touch layer, and a color filter layer, where the touch layer includes a plurality of metal grid electrodes. In addition, each electrode is aligned with the grid of the black matrix layer in a light transmission direction, and a density of the metal grid electrodes adjacent to the edge of the metal grid electrodes is greater than a density of the metal grid electrodes adjacent to the center of metal grid electrodes.

Abstract: A method includes the steps of: (a) measuring a height of a pillar spacer after the pillar spacer is formed on a main surface of a CF substrate; (b) measuring a gap between a TFT substrate and the CF substrate after the TFT substrate and the CF substrate are bonded to each other; and (c) determining a quality of a liquid crystal panel based on the difference between the measured height of the pillar spacer and the measured gap.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a first substrate, with a plurality of bus lines formed thereon such that they intersect with each other, and a second substrate facing the first substrate. The device also includes a plurality of pixel regions defined by the bus lines; a thin film transistor formed in each of the pixel regions; a color filter layer formed in each of the pixel regions; and a pixel electrode formed in each of the pixel regions. A liquid crystal layer is provided between the first substrate and the second substrate. The liquid crystal layer is located next to a polymeric structure formed by irradiating a mixture of liquid crystal materials and ultraviolet-curing monomers with ultraviolet light, and a black display is achieved when no voltage or a subthreshold voltage is applied.

Abstract: A display device comprising picture elements, which are constituted by electrowetting elements having at least one first fluid and a second fluid immiscible with each other within a space between a first support plate and a second support plate, the second fluid being electro-conductive or polar. The first fluid in each element is at the side of the first support plate confined by element walls, and the second fluid is shared by a plurality of picture elements, characterized by a preventer for preventing first fluid portions from being expelled from its confinement when forces other than electrowetting forces are exerted on this fluid.

Abstract: A thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT LCD), including a TFT array substrate, a color filter substrate and a post spacer disposed between the TFT array substrate and the color filter substrate. The TFT array substrate includes a gate line, a data line, and a TFT disposed in a pixel area defined by the gate line and the data line crossing with each other, and the TFT comprises a source/drain electrode. The post spacer is located in a region at least partially surrounded by the source/drain electrode, the data line and the gate line.

Abstract: Provided are a display device and a method of manufacturing the same. The display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate and separated from the first substrate, a plurality of liquid crystal parts disposed between the first and second substrates, and separated in a horizontal direction from each other, spacers for separating the liquid crystal parts between the first and the second substrates, and immobilization patterns disposed in each of the liquid crystal parts, and including an optically active material.

Abstract: One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device with high transmittance or viewing angle characteristics. A liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes: a first substrate (10) which includes a pixel electrode (30); a second substrate (20) which includes a counter electrode (25); and a liquid crystal layer (21) and a spacer (40) which are provided between the first substrate (10) and the second substrate (20). The pixel electrode (30) includes a first portion which is formed by a plurality of first branch portions (34A) extending in a first direction, a second portion which is formed by a plurality of second branch portions (34B) extending in a second direction, a third portion which is formed by a plurality of third branch portions (34C) extending in a third direction, and a fourth portion which is formed by a plurality of fourth branch portions (34D) extending in a fourth direction.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a liquid crystal display device including a plurality of pixels each having a reflecting section and a transmitting section, the pixels each including a plurality of sub-pixels resulting from alignment division, the liquid crystal display device including: an element layer formed on a substrate; an insulating film formed on the substrate so as to cover the element layer; a pixel electrode formed on the insulating film so as to be connected to the element layer; a gap adjusting layer formed on the insulating film on the element layer including a region of connection between the element layer and the pixel electrode; and a dielectric formed on a connecting part for making an electric connection between the sub-pixels.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a lower substrate, an upper substrate, a spacer and an image display layer. The spacer includes a main spacer, a first sub-spacer and a second sub-spacer. The main spacer has a height greater than that of the first and second sub-spacers. The second sub-spacer has an area wider than that of the main spacer and the first sub-spacer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a display device. The display device includes an upper substrate; a lower substrate having gate and data lines, with exposing a part of the lower surface of the upper substrate; a sealant for adhering the upper substrate to the lower substrate; a panel driver connected to the part of a lower surface of the upper substrate; a pad formed on the lower substrate, for applying a signal to the gate and data lines; and a connection part formed on the upper substrate, for connecting the pad and the panel driver. Accordingly, the thickness of the display device decreases, and a step height is not formed at a front surface of the display device, whereby the present invention can obtain an aesthetic design effect in that the front surface of the display device is shown as one structure.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) display device and a method of fabricating the same are provided. The OLED display device includes a substrate having a thin film transistor region and a capacitor region, a buffer layer disposed on the substrate, a gate insulating layer disposed on the substrate, a lower capacitor electrode disposed on the gate insulating layer in the capacitor region, an interlayer insulating layer disposed on the substrate, and an upper capacitor electrode disposed on the interlayer insulating layer and facing the lower capacitor electrode, wherein regions of each of the buffer layer, the gate insulating layer, the interlayer insulating layer, the lower capacitor electrode, and the upper capacitor electrode have surfaces in which protrusions having the same shape as grain boundaries of the semiconductor layer are formed. The resultant capacitor has an increased surface area, and therefore, an increased capacitance.

Abstract: A display device includes a display section, and a light barrier element. The light barrier element includes a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer that is provided between the pair of substrates and has a plurality of sub-regions that transmit or block light, and a plurality of spacers provided between the pair of substrates. The plurality of spacers are randomly arranged in part or all of a region in surfaces of the substrates.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first substrate having a display area and a non-display area surrounding the display area, an organic film on the first substrate, a first trench in the organic film in the non-display area, the first trench surrounding the display area and including a first sidewall on an inner side of the display apparatus, which includes a sidewall of the organic film, and a second sidewall on an outer side of the display apparatus, which includes a sidewall of the organic film, and a first blocking film containing an inorganic material and covering a surface of the organic film in the non-display area and the sidewall of the organic film included in the first sidewall of the first trench.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having an alignment layer stopper which is formed external to a display area to suppress the generation of an electric field between signal lines and the alignment layer stopper, wherein the alignment layer stopper includes a second conductive layer SP formed above the first substrate when the alignment layer stopper is formed by coating and a first conductive layer SH formed below the second conductive layer SP through an insulating film and arranged in such a manner that its marginal parts in the longitudinal direction of the second conductive layer SP are exposed when viewed from the plane direction from the second conductive layer SP, and the first conductive layer SH is formed in a thin film layer between signal lines arranged in the side parts of the display area and the second conductive layer SP.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display panel which can prevent an electric short circuit (leakage) between a pair of substrates with no additional production step in the case where a multilayer spacer is used. The present invention is a liquid crystal display panel comprising: a pair of substrates; and a liquid crystal layer between the substrates, wherein a first substrate of the substrates has a support substrate, a plurality of pixel electrodes, transparent colored layers of plural colors overlapping with the pixel electrodes, and a multilayer spacer formed of a stacked body of three or more resin layers including transparent colored layers of plural colors, and a second substrate of the substrates has a supporting substrate and a common electrode.

Abstract: Provided are a display device capable of reducing a weight, a thickness, a cost, and a process time and having a durable structure, and a manufacturing method thereof. The display device includes: a substrate including a plurality of pixel areas; a thin film transistor formed on substrate; a first electrode connected to the thin film transistor to be formed in the pixel area; an organic layer formed on the first electrode so as to be connected along the adjacent pixel areas in a first direction among the pixel areas; a space positioned on the first electrode, of which parts of the upper surface and the side are surrounded by the organic layer; a liquid crystal formed to fill the space; and an overcoat formed to cover the rest side of the space which is not covered by the organic layer, in which a height of the upper surface of the organic layer is gradually lowered toward both edges of the pixel area from the center of the pixel area.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided that includes: a first display panel including a thin film transistor and a plurality of pixel electrodes; a second display panel facing the first display panel with a cell gap therebetween; a lower resistive layer disposed on the first display panel; an upper resistive layer disposed on the second display panel; and a sensing spacer connecting the lower resistive layer and the upper resistive layer.

Abstract: To improve the display uniformity in a vertical alignment liquid crystal display. A liquid crystal display includes: first and second substrates; first and second electrodes provided the substrates, respectively; first and second vertical alignment films provided on the substrates respectively; a plurality of columnar spacers disposed at least in a region where the first and second electrodes are superimposed, and provided between the first and second substrates; and a liquid crystal layer provided between the first and second substrates. The first vertical alignment film is subject to an alignment treatment in one direction. The liquid crystal layer has a pretilt angle during non-application of voltage. Each columnar spacer has a profile, in a planar view, which is not orthogonal to and which is not parallel with an alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules at substantially center of the liquid crystal layer in a layer thickness direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display that includes: a first substrate and a second substrate each including a display area and a non-display area, the display and non-display areas positioned opposite to each other; a plurality of data driver ICs formed in the non-display area of the first substrate; a plurality of data voltage supply lines connected to the data driver ICs and extending to the display area of the first substrate; a sealant positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate to surround the display areas; and a step compensating member formed outside the sealant on the non-display area of one of the first substrate and the second substrate, in which at least some of the data voltage supply lines extend under the sealant, and the step compensating member is positioned generally inline with the at least some of the data voltage supply lines.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a display substrate, an opposite substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a main spacer, and a sub-spacer. The display substrate includes a plurality of pixel areas and a light blocking area, and at least one thin film transistor is disposed in the light blocking area. The opposite substrate is coupled to the display substrate. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the display substrate and the opposite substrate. The main spacer is disposed on the display substrate, includes a light blocking material, and makes contact with the opposite substrate to maintain a cell gap between the display substrate and the opposite substrate. The sub-spacer is disposed on the display substrate, includes the light blocking material, and is spaced apart from the opposite substrate. The sub-spacer has a size corresponding to the light blocking area, and the main spacer is protruded from the sub-spacer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a transparent liquid crystal display panel and a transparent liquid crystal display. The transparent liquid crystal display panel includes a backlight module, a color filter substrate and a TFT array substrate which are cell-assembled. Liquid crystal is filled between the color filter substrate and the TFT array substrate. Each pixel unit of the color filter substrate includes a sub-pixel unit and a transparent pixel unit. A region on the TFT array substrate that corresponds to the transparent pixel unit is transparent. A region between the color filter substrate and the TFT array substrate that corresponds to the transparent pixel unit is provided with a transparent resin spacer. A region in the backlight module that corresponds to the transparent pixel unit is a transparent region.

Abstract: A substrate assembly including a first substrate, a second substrate, a sealant, and a blocking structure is provided. The first substrate has an active area. The sealant is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The sealant assembles the first substrate and the second substrate and separates the first substrate and the second substrate in a cell gap to define a space, wherein the sealant has an injection opening. The blocking structure is disposed on the first substrate and located outside the active area. A distance from the blocking structure to the second substrate is smaller than the cell gap, wherein the blocking structure divides the space into a first area and a second area. The injection opening is merely located inside the first area and the active area is merely located inside the second area.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the invention can, when a liquid crystal panel receives a pressing force from the outside, prevent the displacement of columnar spacers which are formed over a counter substrate for defining a distance between the counter substrate and a TFT substrate in the direction parallel to the substrate. In a case where the TFT substrate or the counter substrate receives a pressing force from the outside, when the columnar spacers which define the distance between the TFT substrate and the counter substrate are displaced in one or more directions, the alignment disorder of liquid crystal molecules occurs or an alignment film is shaved so that leaking of light occurs due to shaved chips of the alignment film and hence, contrast of an image is lowered. Projections are formed on a TFT substrate side by making use of bus electrodes provided for preventing lowering of a voltage of counter electrodes.

Abstract: In a color filter substrate and a liquid crystal display device including the same, the color filter substrate includes: a first black matrix not having an opening; a second black matrix having an opening; the first black matrix and the second black matrix being formed on a substrate; an auxiliary pattern disposed in the opening; a color filter covering the first and second black matrixes and formed in each of a plurality of pixels; an overcoat layer formed on the color filter; a first column spacer formed on the overcoat layer so as to correspond to the first black matrix; and a second column spacer formed above the auxiliary pattern so as to correspond to the second black matrix.

Abstract: An image display apparatus including an image display section that displays a two-dimensional image; and a variable lens array that includes a first substrate having a first electrode, a second substrate having a second electrode, and a liquid crystal layer which is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The value of the refractive power of each lens line thereof is changed by a voltage which is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode. The variable lens array is disposed to be opposed to the image display section. Wall-shaped or columnar spacers are provided in a place, in which an orientation direction of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer is unchanged when the value of the refractive power of each lens line thereof is changed, between the first substrate and the second substrate of the variable lens array.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a display substrate which includes a plurality of pixel areas and is curved in a first direction, an opposite substrate which faces the display substrate, is coupled to the display substrate, and is curved along the display substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the display substrate and the opposite substrate, where a plurality of domains are defined in each of the plurality of pixel areas, directions in which liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are aligned are different from each other in at least two domains among the plurality of domains, and the plurality of domains is arranged in a second direction crossing the first direction.

Abstract: A cholesteric liquid crystal writing tablet includes a first substrate that is transparent and flexible on which a writing pressure is applied and a second substrate spaced apart from the first substrate. One electrically conductive layer is in contact with the first substrate and is transparent and another of the electrically conductive layers is in contact with the second substrate. The electrically conductive layers are separated from each other by a cell gap. Cholesteric liquid crystal material is disposed between the electrically conductive layers. Spacers are disposed in the liquid crystal material that control the cell gap. The spacers have a size and concentration in the liquid crystal material that restricts flow of the liquid crystal material when the cell gap is reduced upon application of the writing pressure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a touching-type electronic paper and method for manufacturing the same. The touching-type electronic paper includes a TFT substrate and a transparent electrode substrate which are disposed as a cell. The transparent electrode substrate includes a common electrode, microcapsule electronic ink and light guiding poles as light transmitting passages, all of which are formed on a first substrate. The TFT substrate comprises displaying electrodes, first TFTs for driving the displaying electrodes, second TFTs for detecting lights transmitting through the light guiding poles and for producing level signals, and third TFTs for reading the level signals and sending the level signals to a back-end processing system, all of which are formed on a second substrate. The light guiding poles are opposite to the second TFTs respectively.