Abstract: An electronic imaging device includes a display unit and a barrier layer. The display unit includes scan lines for transferring select signals, data lines for transferring data signals corresponding to first and second images formed according to one or more input signals, and pixels connected with the scan and data lines. The barrier layer includes first barriers and second barriers corresponding to the first barriers. The first image is displayed during a first period of a unit period during which an image of a single frame is displayed. The second image is displayed during a second period different from the first period. The first barriers are driven according to the first image, the second barriers are driven according to the second image, and a region of the barrier layer corresponding to a mixed region in which the first and second images coexist is a non-transmission region.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device that carries out image display using multiple liquid crystal panels stacked, the average change in the direction of the optical axis due to the response of liquid crystal molecules with respect to the applied voltage, that is, the change in the direction of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules with respect to the applied voltage, is made different among the liquid crystal panels. The desired brightness is attained at the overlaid portion of the liquid crystal panels.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and a method for driving the same are provided. The liquid crystal display device includes a first liquid crystal layer selectively driven by a first electric field in a first direction; and a second liquid crystal layer selectively driven a second electric field in a second direction, the second direction being different from the first direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a laminated liquid crystal display device having a configuration in which substrates for both panels can be electrically connected easily. The display device, which is implemented by multiple-layered liquid crystal cell panels configured by laminating a liquid crystal cell panel having a rigid panel substrate and a liquid crystal cell panel having a flexible panel substrate, makes use of the flexibility of the flexible panel substrate for making electrical connection between the flexible panel substrate and the rigid panel substrate. A part of the flexible panel substrate is protruded and, on this protrusion, electrode wire lines are provided for making electrical connection between the panel substrates. Bending the flexible panel substrate allows the electrode wire lines, formed on the protrusion, to be brought into contact with the rigid panel substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is provided which includes: a liquid crystal panel; an image information application unit disposed on a side opposite to a display side of the liquid crystal panel; an illumination unit for irradiating light to the image information application unit; a liquid crystal shutter device disposed between the image information application unit and the liquid crystal panel; a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal layer disposed in the liquid crystal shutter device and containing liquid crystal molecules and polymers, in which the polymers are aligned in a twisted manner at a twist angle larger than 0 degree and smaller than 180 degrees; and a polarization layer disposed between the liquid crystal panel and the liquid crystal shutter device so that in a rotation direction where the polymers are aligned in a twisted manner, an absorption axis thereof is set in a direction substantially perpendicular to a radial direction where the polymers are twisted by half the twist angle.

Abstract: A liquid crystal lens panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer and a light-blocking member. The first substrate includes a plurality of individual electrodes. The individual electrode receives a voltage to have a light path length distribution of a Fresnel lens shape. The second substrate includes a common electrode opposition the individual electrodes. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first and second substrates. The light-blocking member is disposed on an area in correspondence with the individual electrode in which a voltage discontinuously varied is applied thereto. Thus, a liquid crystal lens panel of a Fresnel lens type is realized to decrease a liquid crystal cell gap, so that a process efficiency of the liquid crystal lens panel may be enhanced and a manufacturing cost of the liquid crystal lens panel may be reduced.

Abstract: A display element includes a plurality of laminated display panels, each display panel having a material to control light sealed between two substrates, wherein at least in part of the display element, there is a portion where the number of the laminated display panels is different, a bent section is formed at the portion where the number of the laminated display panels is different, and electrodes may be provided or may not provided at the bent section.

Abstract: An LCD device is disclosed in which the LCD device is driven in an FFS mode and a VAC mode during a frame frequency period to obtain a narrow viewing angle. The method for driving the LCD device includes driving the LCD device in an FFS mode during a frame frequency period to obtain a wide viewing angle, and driving the LCD device in both the FFS mode and a VAC mode during the frame frequency period by dividing the frame frequency period, thereby obtaining a narrow viewing angle.

Abstract: A display device 1 of an embodiment of the invention has a first display panel (10A), a second display panel (10B) that is disposed behind the first display panel (10A), a front rim 20 that is disposed in front of the first display panel (10A), an intermediate cases (30, 35) that are disposed between the first display panel (10A) and the second display panel (10B), and support the first display panel (10A) and the second display panel (10B), and a backlight 40 that is provided behind the second display panel (10B). At least the front rim 20, intermediate cases (30, 35) and backlight 40 are provided with fixing holes 23a, 33a, 38a, 44a in their corners, and fixing is effected integrally at each corner. Thanks to such structure, a display device is provided in which the distance between the two display panels can be altered by an inexpensive method.

Abstract: A display including a first-order optical retarder and a method for assembling the same is disclosed. A display includes a first display screen operable to display a first image using a first plurality of pixels. A second display screen is operable to display a second image using a second plurality of pixels, wherein the first and second display screens overlap. The display also includes a first-order optical retarder disposed between the first and second display screens.

Abstract: An exemplary double-sided liquid crystal display (LCD) (200) includes a first liquid crystal panel (212), a first optical film assembly (211), a light guide plate (230), a second optical film assembly (211), and a second liquid crystal panel (222) arranged in that order from bottom to top. An area of the second liquid crystal panel is less than an area of the first liquid crystal panel, and an area of the second optical film assembly is less than an area of the first optical film assembly. The second optical film assembly of the double-sided LCD has a size no larger than that needed to perform its function in respect of light beams propagating therethrough from the light guide plate to the second liquid crystal panel. Therefore, the double-sided LCD is cost-efficient.

Abstract: The present invention prevents a displayed three-dimensional stereoscopic image from being darkened in a three-dimensional display device of a DFD type. The present invention provides a three-dimensional display device in which at least one of a plurality of display panels is formed of a display panel having pixels each of which includes color filters having the higher transmissivity than color filters (basic color filters) which express colors of an image or transparent windows.

Abstract: A stereoscopic image display device including a light source and a light controller for selectively transmitting or blocking light provided by the light source. The light controller includes a first substrate, and first and second electrodes alternatively formed on the first substrate along a first direction. The first and second electrodes are spaced apart from each other at a predetermined interval. The first and second electrodes are electrically connected, respectively, to first and second connection electrodes. The light controller also includes a second substrate which is substantially parallel to the first substrate, and third and fourth electrodes alternately formed on the second substrate along a second direction. The third and fourth electrodes are spaced apart from each other at a predetermined interval. The third and forth electrodes are electrically connected, respectively, to third and fourth connection electrodes.

Abstract: There are provided a viewing angle control device that can provide a black display without coloring and achieve a significantly improved shielding ability during a narrow viewing angle state, and a display using the same. In order to adjust VT (voltage-transmittance) characteristics of a viewing angle control liquid crystal panel (2) that switches a viewing angle between a wide viewing angle state and a narrow viewing angle state by using birefringence of liquid crystal, the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel (2) includes a translucent dielectric film (206g, 206r) for adjusting the voltage-transmittance characteristics of the liquid crystal at a position corresponding to a picture element of at least one color in a display liquid crystal panel (1) on at least one of a pair of translucent substrates (201, 202) that sandwich the liquid crystal therebetween.

Abstract: A display is provided for switching between a narrow or private viewing mode and a wide or public viewing mode. The display comprises a display device which is controlled to provide display of a desired image or sequence of images. This is associated with a liquid crystal device having at least one liquid crystal layer whose molecules are switchable between a first state providing a first angular viewing range and a second state providing a second angular viewing range which is within and smaller than the first angular viewing range. With the molecules in the second state, the device at least partially blocks light propagating towards part of the first angular viewing range outside the second angular viewing range. The or each liquid crystal layer is in contact with at least one alignment surface, the or each of which comprises a uniform non-patterned alignment surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides an illuminating apparatus locally reducing light intensity without depending on the configuration of a light source itself. An illuminating apparatus used as a backlight of a display apparatus having a liquid crystal display panel with a pair of first polarizers, including a light source and a liquid crystal light control panel. The liquid crystal light control panel has a pair of second polarizers and suppresses amount of transmission of light from the light source, thereby allows the light from the light source to have such a light intensity distribution along a plane that light intensity is locally reduced. The polarization degree in the second polarizers is optimized so that transmission light amount ratio of the second polarizers is lower than that of the first polarizers.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) device for switching a display mode between a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle includes an LCD panel including an array substrate, a color filter substrate, and a liquid crystal layer formed between inner surfaces of the array substrate and the color filter substrate, and a viewing angle control cell adjacent to the LCD panel, the viewing angle control cell including a lower substrate on which a first electrode is formed, an upper substrate on which a second electrode is formed, and a dichroic liquid crystal layer interposed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a display device for visually reconstructing an image (330) from an encoded image (320), such a device being particularly useful in the field of visual cryptography. The display device has two stacked liquid crystalline layers (410, 420) with individually addressable pixels. One layer (420) renders encoded image data together with a randomization pattern, and the other layer (410) only renders a randomization pattern. If the patterns match, the display device shows a visually reconstructed image (330) to a viewer. Means are provided for LC layers, such as a birefringent layer (414) between the two LC layers. Alternatively, two twisted nematic LC layers can be used having opposite twist directions. Such means were found to improve an image quality of the visually reconstructed image, and can in fact be advantageously applied in any display system including a plurality of LC layers cooperating for forming an image.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) device is switchable between a wide viewing angle display mode and a narrow viewing angle display mode. The LCD device includes and LCD panel having an array substrate, a color filter substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the array substrate and the color filter substrate and a viewing angle control cell disposed adjacent to the LCD panel. The viewing angle control cell has first and second substrates, first and second electrodes disposed between the first and second substrates, an insulating layer disposed between the first and second electrodes, and a sheet layer having pigments disposed between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A low cost fiber optic lighting display system includes a light source, an electronic shutter having independently controllable pixel elements positioned proximate to the light source, a controller for controlling the pixels, and a plurality of optical fibers, each fiber having input and output ends with the input end of each fiber positioned proximate to the output side of a pixel element or group of pixel elements. The corresponding method includes providing a fiber optic lighting display having a light source, an electronic shutter having independently controllable pixels, a controller connected to the electronic shutter for controlling the pixels, and a plurality of optical fibers, each optical fiber having an input end positioned proximate to a pixel or group of pixel elements and an output end.

Abstract: A planar light source includes a large variable width of an irradiation angle of illumination light, a display device having a large variable width of an angle of field that uses the planar light source, a portable terminal device that uses the display device, and a ray direction switching element that is incorporated in the planar light source. A beam direction regulating element (a louver), which controls a direction of light, and a transparent and scattering switching element, which can switch the transparent state and the scattering state according to ON and OFF of an applied voltage, are provided between a backlight and a liquid crystal panel, whereby it is possible to increase a variable width of an irradiation angle of light in the planar light source and increase a variable width of an angle of field of the liquid crystal display device that uses the planar light source.

Abstract: An LCD device includes: an LCD panel having at least one pixel that includes a first colored sub pixel and a white second sub pixel; and a liquid crystal alignment control means to control contrast in the LCD panel, wherein liquid crystal molecules of the second white sub pixel are aligned between 0° and 6° with respect to an absorption axis of at least one polarizing sheet by the liquid crystal alignment control means.

Abstract: Methods and systems for displaying or projecting images that may be implemented to provide the ability for a user of an information handling system to view a selected image on a display or projection screen privately, while allowing other images to appear on the display or projection screen which are publicly viewable to other users who cannot see the privately-displayed image. With appropriate intervening polarization, a user may be allowed to view the private image as well as any displayed or projected publicly viewable images, and the private image and publicly viewable images may be optionally simultaneously displayed or projected if so desired.

Abstract: A display device includes a first display device, a second display device bonded to the first display device, and an adhesive provided between the first display device and the second display device to fix the first display device on the second display device, and including a light diffusion particle.

Abstract: A LCD unit includes a plurality of LC panels stacked one on another. If a picture to be displayed on the LCD unit is a still picture, one of the LC panels consecutively scans plurality of rows of pixels in a direction opposite to the scanning direction of the rows of pixels in the rest of LC panels. If the picture is a moving picture, all the LC panels consecutively scans in the same direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a display panel and a viewing angle control panel. The viewing angle control panel includes a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates, and a pair of electrodes for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer is composed from hybrid-aligned liquid crystal molecules. The viewing angle of the display panel is controlled by changing an alignment state of the hybrid-aligned liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer by voltage applied by the electrodes.

Abstract: To be realized the well-lighted display by using the whole pixels in the reflective mode and the transmissive mode. In a reflective mode, an optical element 13 is used as liquid crystal display element. That is, the optical element 13 operates as liquid crystal display element by applying the voltage. In this case, the optical element 13 reflects the external light since the optical element 13 is a scattering state with regard to non-applying pixel (arrow B). In a transmissive mode, a liquid crystal panel 12 is used as liquid crystal display element. That is, the liquid crystal panel 12 operates as liquid crystal display element by applying the voltage. In this case, the optical element 13 passes light from a backlight 11 since the optical element 13 is a transmissive state (arrow A). And the optical element 13 plays a color filter part and does not operates as display element.

Abstract: A display device including a first electrode, a liquid crystal layer positioned under and connected to the first electrode, a second electrode and a switchable optical layer. The switchable optical layer includes either a transparent state or a non-transparent state and is electrically switchable between the transparent state and the non-transparent state. The non-transparent state is a reflective state or a selectively emissive state. The switchable optical layer is positioned above and connected to the second electrode. A third electrode is positioned between the liquid crystal layer and the switchable optical layer.

Abstract: A transmissive liquid crystal display having two driving matrix modes is disclosed. A first insulating layer, a first lower electrode, a second insulating layer, a second lower electrode and a first alignment film are formed subsequently on a lower substrate with a plurality of transistors fabricated thereon, whereas a first upper electrode, a third insulating layer, a second upper electrode and a second alignment film are formed subsequently on an upper substrate with color filters attached thereon. A liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the first alignment film and the second alignment film. One of the first lower electrode and the second lower electrode is electrically connected to drain areas of transistors.

Abstract: Device for transmitting light at variable intensity, the device including a front variable polarizer, polarizing incoming light at a first selected polarization level, in a first direction and a rear variable polarizer, optically coupled with the front variable polarizer, polarizing light exiting the front variable polarizer at a second selected polarization level, in a second direction, wherein the first selected polarization level and the second selected polarization level are substantially zero, when no substantial electric power is applied respectively, to the front variable polarizer and the rear variable polarizer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electronic device, based on discotic liquid crystalline material, to methods of production of such a device, and to uses thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a first cell (10b), said first cell comprising a plurality of first elements (34b), said first elements being controllable between a non-reflective state, in which electromagnetic radiation having a first polarization is reflected to a first extent, and a reflective state, in which said electromagnetic radiation having a first polarization is reflected to a second extent, said second extent being greater than said first extent. Said apparatus further comprises a second cell (10a), superimposed on the first cell, said second cell comprising a plurality of second elements (34a), said second elements being controllable between a non-reflective state, in which electromagnetic radiation having a second polarization is reflected to a third extent, and a reflective state, in which said electromagnetic radiation having a second polarization is reflected to a fourth extent, said fourth extent being greater than said third extent.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel having a first surface and a second surface facing each other and including a plurality of first pixels displaying an image on the first surface and a plurality of second pixels displaying an image on the second surface, a gate driver supplying gate signals to the first and second pixels, a data driver supplying data signals to the first and second pixels, and a backlight unit irradiating light on the display panel, the first pixels and the second pixels displaying different images. Therefore, different images can be normally realized on both surfaces by independently driving the first pixels and the second pixels.

Abstract: A sensor circuit, e.g., a circuit for use with a sensor that develops a current responsive to temperature, includes a digital to analog (D/A) comparison circuit having an analog sense current input and a digital input, the D/A comparison circuit operative to compare a digital value at the digital input to a sense current at the sense current input and to responsively generate a comparison signal. The sensor circuit further includes a control circuit configured to provide digital values to the digital input of the D/A comparison circuit responsive to the comparison signal and to generate a digital output corresponding to the sense current.

Abstract: LCD unit includes first and second LCD panels stacked one on another. An image-data processing unit outputs monochrome image data to the second LCD panel, and color image data to the first LCD panel The monochrome image data specifies a full transmission for a pixel having a luminance not less than a threshold, the original gray-scale level for a pixel having a luminance less than the threshold. The color image data is generated based on the monochrome image data and input image data.

Abstract: A method of addressing bistable nematic liquid crystal devices is provided. The method is suitable for implementation using commercially available STN drivers. The method involves applying one of at least two data waveforms simultaneously to each column electrode whilst an active row waveform is applied to an active row and a non active row waveform is applied to all other rows. The resultant waveform at the pixels on the active row comprises a blanking portion sufficient to cause the liquid crystal material to blank, irrespective of which data waveform is applied, immediately followed by a discriminating portion which allows for selective latching depending on the data waveform applied.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display device has an array of display pixels (10) for modulating input light and an array of associated color filter elements (40) which comprise electro-optic filtering elements switchable electrically between a color filtering state in which a required color output is produced and a state in which they are substantially transparent to the input light. Such switching can be used beneficially, for example to reduce power consumption by sacrificing full color output and allowing the brightness level of a back light to be decreased in view of the increased optical efficiency of the pixels when the filter elements are in their transparent state, or to improve viewability in the case of a reflective display used in poor ambient lighting.

Abstract: An active matrix display device comprises an array of picture elements, e.g. liquid crystal picture elements, first and second sets of address conductors (16, 18) extending in row and column directions respectively and connected with the picture elements, and a set of connection conductor lines (30?) extending in the same direction as one set of address conductors (18), each of which is connected to a respective one of the other set of conductors (16), and via which address signals are supplied to that other set. To avoid unwanted display artefacts, each connection conductor line (30?) extends from one side of the array and terminates adjacent its connection point (32) to its associated address conductor (16) and a respective complementary conductor line (30?) is provided which extends from close to the connection point (32) to the opposite side of the array, the complementary conductor line being electrically separate from the connection line (30?) and coupled to reference signal supply (40).

Abstract: A liquid crystal switchable color filter switches between three color bands and is preferably used for time-sequential devices, such as projection devices, direct view displays and video cameras. The color filter may employ circularly polarizing selective reflection bands of at least four cholesteric filters together with three liquid crystal switches and related retarder layers. In one embodiment, the handedness of the second cholesteric is equal to the handedness of the third cholesteric filter and opposite to the handedness of the first and fourth cholesteric filter and, for the blocking state of a color band, the optic axis of the corresponding liquid crystal switch is parallel or perpendicular to the polarization direction. This concept leads to improved, excellent color saturation and requires less stringent production tolerances than in the prior art. Moreover, it advantageously allows overlapping color transmission bands thus improving the light efficiency.

Abstract: A reconfigurable backlighting construction for use in portable computer-based systems having direct and projection viewing modes of operation is provided. These computer-based systems are capable of selectively displaying color video images on an actively driven display surface, or projecting such video images onto a wall surface or projection screen without the need for a bulky overhead projector, required by all prior art systems. These computer-based systems can be easily reconfigured for projection viewing without physical removal of the light guiding panel and its light diffusing structures. A portable light projection accessory device is also provided for use with the portable computer-based systems of the present invention.

Abstract: A method of sub-field drive can display with a mode of placing emphasis on responsiveness and display with a mode of placing emphasis on gray-scale reproductiveness. A field is divided into plural sub-fields on a time axis, and each of such sub-fields is a control unit of driving a pixel. A code storing ROM stores a code that controls sub-fields to collecting on-voltage intensively in a former part of a field based on display data. Another code storing ROM stores a code that controls sub-fields to increase levels of gray scale based on display data. A data encoder determines whether each pixel of display data is an edge part of a moving image or not, selects a code that enables superior display in responsiveness at the edge part of a moving and selects a code that enables superior display in gray scale reproductiveness in other parts from the ROMs.

Abstract: A method of addressing multistable nematic liquid crystal devices, in particular bistable nematic liquid crystal devices is provided. The method is a line at a time addressing scheme where one of at least two data waveforms is applied simultaneously to each of the column electrodes whilst a strobe waveform is applied to a row. The strobe waveform comprises a blanking portion sufficient to cause the liquid crystal material to blank, irrespective of which data waveform is applied, immediately followed by a discriminating portion which is such that in combination with an appropriate data waveform allows for selective latching. At least part of both the blanking portion and the discriminating portion are applied during the line address time for the particular row of interest.

Abstract: A display provided to reduce flicker by a driving method of using a sub field drive. One field is divided into plural sub fields on a time axis, each of which is a control unit to drive a pixel. A code storing ROM stores a code to give a sub field drive pattern based on display data. With respect to adjacent pixels within a control area, a data encoder writes pixel data by using a sub field drive pattern read from the code storing ROM and a pattern delayed by the predetermined sub field period. Hence, adjacent pixels are driven by different sub fields drive patterns each other so that timing of flickering among adjacent pixels is differentiated.

Abstract: An optical display system includes: a light source; a display panel including multiple pixel regions, each of which can modulate light; and an optical shifter, which is disposed so as to receive an outgoing light ray of the display panel and optically shift an image on the display panel on a frame-by-frame basis. The optical shifter includes a first element for selectively changing the polarization direction of the outgoing light ray of the display panel, and a second element, which exhibits one of multiple different refractive indices according to the polarization direction of an incoming light ray. A polarization corrector, which changes the polarization direction of the outgoing light ray of the display panel into a direction that is either parallel to, or perpendicular to, a direction in which the image is shifted, is provided between the display panel and the optical shifter.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is provided that comprises a layer of liquid crystal material (2) disposed between two cell walls (4, 6) in an arrangement such that the liquid crystal material (2) can adopt any one of two or more stable liquid crystal configurations that will persist in the absence of an applied electric field. The liquid crystal device is operable in two modes; a first mode in which application of an appropriate latching voltage pulse can select any one of the two or more stable liquid crystal configurations, and a second mode in which application of an electric field can switch the layer of liquid crystal material from a latched configuration to a switched configuration and in which the layer of liquid crystal material will return to said latched configuration when the applied electric field is removed.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for manufacturing a plurality of multi-layered cells, particularly liquid crystal display cells, or electrochemical photovoltaic cells, or a combination of such cells, each cell including at least two superposed sealed cavities each delimited by a sealing frame and filled with a liquid, this method comprising the step of collectively manufacturing a batch of cells including at least three plates common to all the display cells and connected to each other by patterns of sealing material connecting said plates to each other and forming the sealing frames which delimit the cavities of said cells, this method being characterised in that filling holes are pierced through the plates such that each of the cavities of a cell is fed by a different filling hole, each of the filling holes being in communication with at least two cells and feeding the cavities of the same level, i.e.

Abstract: An electrically drivable light modulator having liquid crystal layers, which are disposed one behind the other and are enclosed between transparent plates having a surface anisotropy that orients the molecules of the liquid crystals and having electrodes for generating an electric field in the liquid crystals, at least two layers of helical, smectic, ferroelectric liquid crystals are situated one behind the other in the path of rays of a light beam to be modulated. The directions of the fast and slow axes of the individual layers are rotated relatively to each other so that the polarization of the light beam is the same upstream and downstream from the modulator. An adaptive, optical device has a field of light modulators configured in a raster-type array, in which the modulators are situated in the path of rays of the device, each individual light modulator being able to be driven to compensate for unsharpness occurring on a point-by-point basis in an image to be processed.

Abstract: A light modulation medium comprises a light modulation element having a pair of substrates and plural light modulation layers arranged between the substrates to form a multilayer structure and made of cholesteric liquid crystal adapted to change the liquid crystal orientation in response to application of a predetermined electric field, in which the ratio of the threshold electric field at which the liquid crystal orientation is moved from a planar state to a focal conic state of a first light modulation layer of the light modulation element to that of a second light modulation layer is not less than 0.3 and the ratio of the dielectric constant in a planar state of liquid crystal orientation of the first light modulation layer to that of the second light modulation layer is not less than 4.

Abstract: A high aperture ratio emissive tiled display comprised of a plurality of tiles including a substrate with discrete layers of integrated drive circuits, thin film transistors, circuit conductor layer and light-emitting pixel array wherein all the electronic circuitry is contained under the pixel array. Vertical interconnects are made between the drive circuits, circuits and pixel electrodes, as necessary, and can include vertical interconnections through the substrate. Large flat panel displays including at least two of said tiles are aligned to maintain pixel pitch from one tile to another to produce a seamless image.

Abstract: In a reflective mode FLC application, a ¼-wave plate compensating FLC is used in series with a ¼-wave imaging FLC to compensate for the effects of DC balancing. Alternatively, the compensating wave plate could be any odd ¼-wave multiple, such as 3&lgr;/4, 5&lgr;/4, etc. The FLCs are driven in synchronization between on and off states with the total effective retardation for each FLC being either none or one-half wavelength in a double pass.