Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a first electrode on the first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate, a second electrode on the second substrate facing the first electrode, and a liquid crystal structure between the first electrode and the second electrode. The liquid crystal structure includes a polymer network and liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal display device operates in a transmissive mode when an electric field is not generated between the first and the second electrodes, and operates in a scattering mode when the electric field is generated between the first and the second electrodes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a substrate; a thin film transistor disposed on the substrate; a pixel electrode disposed on the thin film transistor; and a roof layer facing the pixel electrode, wherein a plurality of microcavities are formed between the pixel electrode and the roof layer, each microcavity includes liquid crystal materials, a partition wall is formed between the microcavities, and the roof layer includes a dry film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a first electrode on the first substrate, a second substrate opposed to the first substrate, and a second electrode on the second substrate. The second electrode corresponds to the first electrode. The liquid crystal display device also includes a liquid crystal structure between the first electrode and the second electrode. The liquid crystal structure includes a plurality of liquid crystal molecules and at least one movement control member. The movement control member in the liquid crystal structure restricts a movement of the liquid crystal molecules.

Abstract: A method for producing a multiple glazing unit with variable diffusion by liquid crystals can include applying a pre-seal on an internal face of a first substrate to form a strip delimiting a space. The method can further include depositing a liquid crystal composition containing liquid crystals in a polymer matrix on the delimited space. In some examples, the first substrate is assembled with a second substrate and calendared or pressed. Thereafter, the resulting assembly is irradiated and/or heated to simultaneously cross-link the pre-seal and polymerize the liquid crystal composition.

Abstract: A method for preparing a negative optical compensation assembly includes: first providing an alignment chamber composed of a vertical alignment substrate and a horizontal alignment substrate and filling into the alignment chamber a liquid crystal mixture comprising a polymerizable discotic liquid crystal, an adjunct alignment agent, and an ultraviolet absorption pigment, and subjecting the vertical alignment substrate to ultraviolet radiation so as to polymerize the polymerizable discotic liquid crystal within the alignment chamber, thereby obtain the negative optical compensation assembly. This method can obtain hybrid alignment of discotic liquid crystal via a simple process, and therefore reduce the complexity for manufacturing the negative optical compensation assembly.

Abstract: Several aspects of the present invention provide a liquid crystal composition capable of shortening the takt time and achieving excellent display qualities, and a liquid crystal display device and a method for producing a liquid crystal display device which use the liquid crystal composition. The liquid crystal composition of several aspects of the present invention includes a liquid crystal material and one or more kinds of radical polymerizable monomers, at least one kind of the radical polymerizable monomers being a compound generating radicals through a self-cleavage reaction by exposure to light and having at least two radical polymerizable groups.

Abstract: The occurrence of a defective orientation of a polymer/liquid crystal composite is suppressed. In addition, the occurrence of defective display of a liquid crystal display device including the polymer/liquid crystal composite is suppressed. In the polymer/liquid crystal composite exhibiting a blue phase, a plurality of domains are included and defective orientations easily occur at boundaries between the domains. Thus, by lowering orientation periodicities at boundaries between the domains, a defect-free orientation to high orientation periodicities at the boundary between adjacent domains can be obtained. Specifically, the polymer/liquid crystal composite exhibiting the blue phase includes the plurality of domains each of which has a size of 3 ?m or less.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal multiple glazing can have a first glass sheet and a second glass sheet held by a gasket referred to as the contact gasket. In some examples, the multiple glazing includes first and second electrodes with first and second electricity supply zones and a liquid-crystal layer with spacers having a thickness of between 5 and 15 ?m. Additionally, the first glass sheet may protrude by a first protruding side and include the first electricity supply zone. Further, the glazing may have electrical cabling with a first cabling input with a first electrically insulating polymer material.

Abstract: A transparent display device includes a color filter substrate, a driving substrate and a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) layer. The color filter substrate includes a substrate, a light shielding structure and a plurality of color filter patterns. The light shielding structure is disposed on the substrate to define a plurality of sub-pixel regions and a blank sub-pixel region of the substrate. The color filter patterns respectively cover the sub-pixel regions of the substrate, but the blank sub-pixel region is not covered by the color filter patterns. The driving substrate corresponds to the color filter substrate. The PDLC layer is interposed between the color filter substrate and the driving substrate.

Abstract: A display device may include a display panel configured to display an image. The display device may further include a first electrode overlapping the display panel and separated from the display panel. The display device may further include a second electrode overlapping the first electrode and separated from the display panel. The display device may further include a first liquid crystal layer disposed between the first electrode and a first portion of the second electrode. The display device may further include a third electrode electrically insulated from the first electrode, overlapping the second electrode, and separated from the display panel. The display device may further include a second liquid crystal layer disposed between the third electrode and a second portion of the second electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a substrate; a thin film transistor disposed on the substrate; a pixel electrode disposed on the thin film transistor; a roof layer facing the pixel electrode; a plurality of microcavities formed between the pixel electrode and the roof layer, each microcavity including liquid crystal materials; a trench formed between the microcavities; and a buffer region formed at an end portion of the trench.

Abstract: A display device includes: a substrate, on which pixel areas arranged substantially in a matrix form having pixel rows and pixel columns are defined; a thin film transistor disposed on the substrate; a pixel electrode disposed in the pixel areas and connected to the thin film transistor; common electrodes disposed on the pixel electrode and spaced apart from the pixel electrode, where a microcavity is defined between the pixel electrode and the common electrodes; a roof layer disposed on the common electrodes, where a liquid crystal injection hole is defined through the common electrodes and the roof layer and exposes the microcavity; a liquid crystal layer disposed in the microcavity; and an encapsulation layer disposed on the roof layer, where the encapsulation layer covers the liquid crystal injection hole and seals the microcavity, where the common electrodes in the pixel rows are connected to each other.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display device that may include a first substrate; a first electrode on the first substrate, the first electrode including a plurality of first inclined planes; a nanocapsule liquid crystal layer on the first electrode, the nanocapsule liquid crystal layer including a plurality of nano-sized capsules dispersed in a buffer layer, each of the plurality of nano-sized capsules including nematic liquid crystal molecules having a negative dielectric constant anisotropy; and a second electrode on the nanocapsule liquid crystal layer, the second electrode including a plurality of second inclined planes facing the plurality of first inclined planes, wherein the nanocapsule liquid crystal layer is substantially, optically isotropic in a normal state, and is optically anisotropic when a voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: An object is to provide a novel liquid crystal composition that can be used for a variety of liquid crystal devices. Particularly, a novel liquid crystal composition is used to achieve a reduction in driving voltage of a liquid crystal element and a reduction in power consumption of a liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal composition includes a polymerizable monomer represented by the general formula (G1), a nematic liquid crystal, and a chiral agent. In the general formula (G1), n and m are individually an integer from 1 to 20, and R1 and R2 individually represent hydrogen or a methyl group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid-crystal (LC) display of the PSA (polymer sustained alignment) type, and to polymerizable compounds and LC media for use in PSA displays.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal display element including a first alignment film and a second alignment film provided on opposing surfaces of a pair of substrates, and a liquid crystal layer arranged between the first alignment film and the second alignment film and including crystal molecules having negative dielectric constant anisotropy. At least the first alignment film includes a compound in which a polymer compound having a first side chain and a second side chain is crosslinked or polymerized. The first side chain has a crosslinkable functional group or a polymerizable functional group. The second side chain has a structure inducing dielectric anisotropy. The liquid crystal molecules are pretilted by the first alignment film.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a polymer sustained vertical alignment (PSVA) liquid crystal displays (LCD) panel includes: A: layering an alignment film on a substrate; B: forming an active reactive monomer layer on a surface of the alignment film; C: coating a liquid crystal layer on a surface of the active reactive monomer layer; and D: sealing the LC layer, and performing optical alignment on LC molecules of the LC layer.

Abstract: A method of making a wide temperature-range smectic liquid crystal material comprises taking a wide temperature-range nematic mixture and doping this with a mesogenic silicon-containing material. Aspects of the invention provide wide temperature-range smectic materials and devices using the smectic materials.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymer dispersed liquid crystal type light control body using a nickel deposited electrode or a nickel-chromium alloy deposited electrode instead of an existing indium tin oxide electrode, including: two electrode substrates having electrodes, and a light control layer formed between the two electrode substrates, wherein at least one of the two electrode substrates includes a nickel-based electrode. The light control body can exhibit superior near-infrared blocking effects in ON state, and can also manifest peel adhesion strength, pendulum hardness of a film, haze and contrast ratio adapted for commercial applications thereof, ultimately achieving energy saving performance due to heat ray blocking effects as well as cost reductions.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of the nematic phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light and a high stability to heat, or having a suitable balance regarding at least two of the characteristics is provided; and an AM device having a short response time, a suitable pretilt, a large voltage holding ratio, a large contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth is provided. A solution is a liquid crystal composition containing a specific compound having a high maximum temperature and a large dielectric anisotropy as a first component and a polymerizable compound as a second component, and a liquid crystal display device including the composition.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition that satisfies at least one of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large negative dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light and a high stability to heat or that is suitably balanced between at least two of the characteristics, is described. The liquid crystal composition includes a compound having three or more polymerizable groups as a first component and a compound having one or two polymerizable groups as a second component in a suitable ratio, and that may include a specific compound having a large negative dielectric anisotropy and a low minimum temperature as a third component or a specific compound having a small viscosity or a high maximum temperature as a fourth component.

Abstract: The compound represented by formula (1). For example, the rings A1, A2, A3 and A4 are 1,4-phenylene, Z1 and Z2 are alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons in which at least one —CH2— may be replaced by —O— or —CH?CH—; L1, L2 and L3 are a single bond, —COO— or —CH?CH—; G1 and G2 are —O—; s, t and u are 0 or 1; and P1 and P2 is the group (P-1), the group (P-2) or the group (P-3). M1 and M2 are hydrogen or methyl.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a substrate; a thin film transistor disposed on the substrate; a pixel electrode connected with the thin film transistor; and a roof layer disposed to face the pixel electrode, wherein a plurality of microcavities having respective liquid crystal injection holes are formed between the pixel electrode and the roof layer, and the microcavities are filled with electrically orientatable liquid crystal molecules, wherein a light blocking layer disposed adjacent to the injection holes is formed and covering the thin film transistor, wherein the light blocking layer is covered by a passivation layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium, characterized in that it contains a polymerizable component (A) containing one more polymerizable compounds and a liquid-crystalline component (B) containing one more compounds of the general formula I in which R, rings A1 and A2, Z1, Z2, Y1, Y2, X0 and r are as defined in Claim 1.

Abstract: A display device having a light-emitting element and a see-through capability, with which a variety of display modes can be exhibited depending on a use application or situation. In such a display device having a see-through capability, between a first display portion having pixels including dual-emission type light-emitting elements and a second display portion having a light-scattering liquid crystal layer, a shutter-shaped light-blocking unit is provided so that a variety of display modes can be exhibited depending on use applications or situations by selecting modes of the first display portion, the second display portion, and the shutter-shaped light-blocking unit.

Abstract: A display system includes a switchable display screen comprising a first transparent substrate, a first transparent conductive layer disposed upon the first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate, and a second transparent conductive layer disposed upon the second transparent substrate. The display screen further includes a polymer-stabilized cholesteric texture layer and spacer elements disposed between and in contact with the first transparent conductive layer and the second conductive layer. The display screen comprises a plurality of addressable regions, each region capable of being switched from a transparent state to a diffuse state.

Abstract: A switchable window includes: first and second substrates (e.g., glass substrates); a liquid crystal inclusive layer (e.g., PDLC layer) disposed between at least the first and the second substrates; and a low-E coating provided between at least the liquid crystal inclusive layer and the first substrate. Voltage is applied to the liquid crystal inclusive layer via the low-E coating and a substantially transparent conductive coating which are on opposite sides of the liquid crystal inclusive layer. By adjusting voltage applied to at least part of the liquid crystal inclusive layer, the window is selectively switchable between at least first and second states with different visible light transmissions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymerizable compounds, to processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, and to the use thereof for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in liquid-crystal (LC) media and LC displays, especially in LC displays of the PS (“polymer sustained”) or PSA (“polymer sustained alignment”) type.

Abstract: A display panel includes a first substrate, a first transparent electrode disposed on the first substrate, and to which a first voltage is applied in a display mode which an image is displayed, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer disposed on the first transparent electrode having photosensitive polymer molecules and liquid crystal molecules, and a second transparent electrode disposed on the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer and to which a second voltage is applied in the display mode.

Abstract: A polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer applied to the display screen for an electronic device is described herein. The polymer dispersed liquid crystal applied to the display screen is operable to switch between a transparent state and a translucent and/or opaque state. In the transparent state the display screen is viewable as usual. In the translucent and/or opaque state the liquid crystal prevents incident solar radiation from heating up the internal components of the device.

Abstract: A display device capable of emitting sufficient fluorescence is provided without an increase in the thickness of the liquid crystal layer. The device includes: a fluorescent emission layer (23) having fluorescent pigment molecules that absorb light to emit fluorescence; and a liquid crystal layer (4) capable of switching between a transparent state and a scattering state. The fluorescent pigment molecules are dichroic fluorescent pigment molecules (23a) with different emission intensities depending on the direction of emission. The dichroic fluorescent pigment molecules (23a) in the fluorescent emission layer (23) are oriented so as to have transition dipole moments with the same direction.

Abstract: A display device configured to control an aggregation position of an alignment layer and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The device includes a substrate including pixel areas; a thin film transistor formed on the substrate; a pixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor and formed on the pixel area; a roof layer formed above the pixel electrode and separated from the pixel electrode by a micro-cavity; a first injection hole formed in the roof layer and extending to a first edge and/or a second edge of the micro-cavity; a second injection hole formed in the roof layer and extending to a left edge and a right edge of the micro-cavity; a liquid crystal layer in the micro-cavity; and an encapsulation layer formed on the roof layer to cover the first injection hole and the second injection hole.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a backlight unit generating light and a display substrate displaying an image using the light. The display substrate includes a substrate, a first electrode, a light blocking layer, a thin film transistor, a second electrode, a liquid crystal and a color filter. The substrate includes a pixel area and a non-pixel area, the first electrode is in the pixel area, and the light blocking layer is in the non-pixel area to block the light. The thin film transistor is on the light blocking layer and electrically connected to the first electrode. The second electrode faces the first electrode, and a cavity is defined therebetween. The liquid crystal is in the cavity, the color filter is on the second electrode, and the color filter is closer to the backlight unit than the substrate.

Abstract: A holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) tunable filter exhibits switching times of no more than 20 microseconds. The HPDLC tunable filter can be utilized in a variety of applications. An HPDLC tunable filter stack can be utilized in a hyperspectral imaging system capable of spectrally multiplexing hyperspectral imaging data acquired while the hyperspectral imaging system is airborne. HPDLC tunable filter stacks can be utilized in high speed switchable optical shielding systems, for example as a coating for a visor or an aircraft canopy. These HPDLC tunable filter stacks can be fabricated using a spin coating apparatus and associated fabrication methods.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for termination detection of optical alignment of liquid crystal material, which includes: under influence of electrical field, irradiating light on liquid crystal material so that reactive monomers in liquid crystal material polymerizing; detecting a residual amount or a thickness change value of the reactive monomers in liquid crystal material to determine detected residual amount of reactive monomers or thickness change value in liquid crystal box reaching a default value; when reaching default value, terminating optical alignment of liquid crystal material. The present invention also provides a device for termination detection of optical alignment of liquid crystal material. Through detecting termination of optical alignment, the present invention realizes automatic control of irradiation time in optical alignment to reduce the effect of individual glass substrate variation on optical alignment to avoid affecting reaction process of alignment on reactive monomer.

Abstract: There is provided a wearable display comprising at least one Switchable Bragg Grating (SBG) device recorded in at least one Holographic Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (HPDLC) layer. Each HPDLC layer is sandwiched between first and second transparent plates to which transparent electrodes have been applied. Each SBG device is characterized in that it provides a grating in a separate switchable region and is clear elsewhere. Each SBG device has a diffracting state and a non diffracting state. The transparent plates and HPDLC layers form a laminar structure which functions as a light guide. In one embodiment of the invention the display magnifies and forms a virtual image of information provided by an external image generator. In one embodiment of the invention the display and forms a virtual image of an image of information encoded in the SBG device.

Abstract: A method for driving a display device includes cumulatively applying a reset pulse of a predetermined level to a first electrode and applying a common voltage to a second electrode opposed to the first electrode to form an initial state of a plurality of cholesteric liquid crystal capsules included in a liquid crystal layer between the first electrode and the second electrode. The method also includes cumulatively applying a data pulse of a predetermined level to the first electrode to display a grayscale.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is constituted of a TFT substrate and an opposing substrate which are arranged so as to be opposite to each other with a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween. In addition, in the liquid crystal layer, formed is a polymer into which a polymer component added to liquid crystal is polymerized, and which determines directions in which liquid crystal molecules tilt when voltage is applied. In the TFT substrate, formed are a sub picture element electrode directly connected to a TFT and a sub picture element electrode connected to the TFT through capacitive coupling. In each of these sub picture element electrodes, formed are slits extending in directions respectively at angles of 45 degrees, 135 degrees, 225 degrees and 315 degrees to the X axis.

Abstract: A panel apparatus comprises a first layer. The first layer includes a liquid crystal microdroplet display (LCMD) switchable between transparent and opaque states in response to a change in an applied electrical voltage. The panel apparatus further comprises a second layer spaced apart from and coupled to the first layer. The second layer includes a transparent panel.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided with a display such as a liquid crystal display. The display includes a liquid crystal display module an array of display pixels. A backlight unit is used to provide backlight illumination to the display module. A shutter module having local dimming elements is used to locally control the amount of light that is transmitted through the display. The local dimming elements can be formed from liquid crystal display structures, polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display structures, photovoltaic material, electrowetting display structures, and/or other suitable light controlling elements. Each local dimming element controls the amount of light that is transmitted through an overlapping region of the array of display pixels. The local dimming elements may be arranged in a uniform array having rows and columns or may be shaped and sized differently and located in specific regions of the display.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a pixel electrode disposed on an insulating substrate; a plurality of microcavities disposed over the pixel electrode; a plurality of liquid crystal injection holes connected to the plurality of microcavities that form a path through which a liquid crystal is injected; a common electrode that covers the microcavities; a partition wall structure that divides the plurality of liquid crystal injection holes; and a roof layer disposed over the common electrode that covers the common electrode and the microcavities, and comprises an organic material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymerizable monomer, a liquid crystal composition containing the polymerizable monomer and a vertical alignment liquid crystal panel. The polymerizable monomer which the present invention provides may generate free radicals more easily under the UV exposure, so as to solve the RM residue due to the improvement of the curing ability of the RM and thus improve the image sticking issue of the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display includes: providing a pixel electrode on an insulation substrate; providing a sacrificial layer on the pixel electrode; providing a common electrode on the sacrificial layer; providing a photoresist layer on the common electrode; exposing a portion of the photoresist layer, common electrode and the sacrificial layer with light; developing the portion of the photoresist layer exposed with the light; etching a layer between the photoresist layer and the sacrificial layer using the developed photoresist layer as a mask to expose the portion of the sacrificial layer exposed with the light; removing the portion of the sacrificial layer exposed with the light; providing a roof layer on the insulation substrate and etching the roof layer to form a liquid crystal injection hole therein; and removing the sacrificial layer exposed through the liquid crystal injection hole to form a microcavity.

Abstract: A switchable glass patch is provided, which includes a first glass layer, a first transparent conductive film, a second glass layer, a second transparent conductive film, and a liquid crystal layer. The first glass layer and the second glass layer have the thickness less than 0.3 mm and are flexible. The first transparent conductive film is formed on a first side the first glass layer, and the second transparent conductive film is formed on a first side of the second glass layer. The liquid crystal layer is arranged between the first transparent conductive film and the second transparent conductive film, so that the first transparent conductive film and the second transparent conductive film face each other.

Abstract: A resizable polymer-stabilized, thermotropic liquid crystal device formulation is used in passive or active light-regulating and temperature-regulating films, materials and devices, including construction materials. Implementations of the device may be composed of five basic elements: one or more transparent substrates, a transparent surface treatment, a liquid crystal mixture, a stabilizing polymer, and spacer beads. The polymer-stabilized liquid crystal is coated and cured on at least one substrate. The transparent surface treatment and the stabilizing polymer network are selected to provide phase separation, curing, and adhesion within the LC mixture. The substrate or substrates may be polarizing or nonpolarizing.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition comprises about 10 wt % to about 50 wt % of a solute comprising about 100 parts by weight of an acryl-based copolymer and about 5 to about 100 parts by weight of a 1,2-quinonediazide compound; and a solvent comprising a glycol-based material having a boiling point of greater than about 190° C., wherein the acryl-based copolymer is a copolymer of an unsaturated carbonic acid or an anhydride thereof, an epoxy group-containing unsaturated compound, and an olefin-based unsaturated compound.

Abstract: An optical element and a stereoscopic image display device are provided. The optical element is a light-dividing element, for example an element that can divide incident light into at least two kinds of light having different polarized states. Therefore, the optical element can be used to realize a stereoscopic image.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mixture for liquid crystal medium and a liquid crystal display using the same. The mixture for liquid crystal medium comprises: at least one anisotropic liquid crystal material and a polymerizable monomer which will polymerize under UV irradiation. The weight percentage of the polymerizable monomer accounts for 0.1% to 1% of the total mixture for liquid crystal medium. In the mixture for liquid crystal medium and a liquid crystal display using the same according to the present invention, by using a polymerizable monomer which will polymerize under UV irradiation and the appropriate content ratio, the polymer bump with small size and good uniformity can be obtained within the mixture for liquid crystal medium after the polymerization, which avoids the bad liquid crystal alignment and the light spot occurred at the dark state of the liquid crystal panel, and then increases the response rapid of the liquid crystal panel to obtain high contrast ratio and stable mass production.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display panel and a manufacturing method thereof. The liquid crystal display panel includes a first substrate, a plurality of sub-pixel regions formed on the first substrate, liquid crystal disposed in the sub-pixel regions and containing red, green, or blue dye, and a second substrate bonded to the first substrate. Each sub-pixel regions is surrounded by four connected baffle panels, which collectively form a black matrix block wall. The second substrate is positioned on the black matrix block wall to face the first substrate so as to enclose the liquid crystal in the sub-pixel regions. The liquid crystal display panel uses liquid crystal that contains red, green, or blue dye and a black matrix block wall that blocks the liquid crystal to form the R, G, B sub-pixels, so that the manufacture steps are lessened, the structure is simple, and the cost is low.

Abstract: An electronically switchable privacy film suitable for use in display devices are described. The electronically switchable privacy film comprises a pair of mutually opposing transparent electrodes; an optically transparent microstructured layer disposed between the transparent electrodes, the microstructured layer comprising a plurality of microstructured ribs extending across a surface thereof such that the microstructured ribs form an alternating series of ribs and channels; and electronically switchable material disposed in the channels, the electronically switchable material being capable of modulation between high and low light scattering states upon application of an electric field across the transparent electrodes.