Abstract: An electrostatically actuated oscillating structure includes a first stator subregion, a second stator subregion, a first rotor subregion and a second rotor subregion. Torsional elastic elements mounted to the first and second rotor subregions define an axis of rotation. A mobile element is coupled to the torsional elastic elements. The stator subregions are electrostatically coupled to respective regions of actuation on the mobile element. The stator subregions exhibit an element of structural asymmetry such that the electrostatic coupling surface between the first stator subregion and the first actuation region differs from the electrostatic coupling surface between the second stator subregion and the second actuation region.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a ribbon of a thickness and a width. A material of the ribbon is configured to host excitons as well as plasmons, and the width is an inverse function of a wavector value at which an energy level of plasmons in the material substantially equals an energy level of excitons in the material. The substantially equal energies of the plasmons and the excitons in the ribbon cause an excitation of intrinsic plasmon-exciton polaritons (IPEPs) in the ribbon. A first contact electrically couples to a first location on the ribbon, and a second contact electrically couples to a second location on the ribbon.

Abstract: A display panel includes a light waveguide layer and a first substrate disposed opposite to each other, and further including an electrowetting control layer disposed between the light waveguide layer and the first substrate, the electrowetting control layer including a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a grating layer and an electrowetting layer which are disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode layer, the grating layer and the electrowetting layer are configured to operatively couple light with a set transmittance, a setting direction, and a set wavelength out of the light waveguide layer.

Abstract: A micromechanical component including a mounting support, a coil winding retained by a coil brace, and an adjustable part, the coil brace and the adjustable part being connected to each other and via at least one spring element with the mounting support in such a way that the adjustable part is adjustable relative to the mounting support about at least one axis of rotation, and a stop support being fixedly disposed or developed on the mounting support and being at least partially framed by the coil brace, which stop support has at least one first stop area protruding on a surface of the mounting support, which limits a relative movement at least of the coil brace in at least one direction relative to the mounting support by a contact of the at least one first stop area with the coil brace.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include piezoelectrically driven switches that are used for modifying a background color or light source color in display systems, and methods of forming such devices. In an embodiment, a piezoelectrically actuated switch for modulating a background color in a display may include a photonic crystal that has a plurality of blinds oriented substantially perpendicular to a surface of the display. In an embodiment, the blinds include a black surface and a white surface. The switch may also include an anchor spaced away from an edge of the photonic crystal and a piezoelectric actuator formed on the surface of the anchor and a surface of the photonic crystal. Some embodiments may include a photonic crystal that is a multi-layer polymeric structure or a polymer chain with a plurality of nanoparticles spaced at regular intervals on the polymer chain.

Abstract: Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switches are described. The MEMS switches can be actively opened and closed. The switch can include a beam coupled to an anchor on a substrate by one or more hinges. The beam, the hinges and the anchor may be made of the same material in some configurations. The switch can include electrodes, disposed on a surface of the substrate, for electrically controlling the orientation of the beam. The hinges may be thinner than the beam, resulting in the hinges being more flexible than the beam. In some configurations, the hinges are located within an opening in the beam. The hinges may extend in the same direction of the axis of rotation of the beam and/or in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the beam.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a method of processing a monocrystalline substrate is provided. The method may include severing the substrate along a main processing side into at least two monocrystalline substrate segments, and forming a micromechanical structure comprising at least one monocrystalline substrate segment of the at least two substrate segments.

Abstract: A resin molding method according to the present invention is a resin molding method that fills a space between an insertion hole provided in a workpiece and a member to be fixed inserted into the insertion hole with resin, the method comprising: injecting a first tablet formed of thermosetting resin having a first temperature into a position of a pot far from the workpiece, the pot pouring the resin into the workpiece and being provided in a molding die, injecting a second tablet formed of thermosetting resin having a second temperature higher than the first temperature into a position of the pot close to the workpiece; pouring the thermosetting resin into the insertion hole of the workpiece in an order of the second tablet and the first tablet by a plunger that slides in the pot.

Abstract: Emissive micro-pixel spatial light modulators with non-telecentric emission are introduced. The individual light emission from each multi-color micro-scale emissive pixel is directionally modulated in a unique direction to enable application-specific non-telecentric emission pattern from the micro-pixel array of the emissive spatial light modulator. Design methods for directionally modulating the light emission of the individual micro-pixels using micro-pixel level optics are described. Monolithic wafer level optics methods for fabricating the micro-pixel level optics are also described. An emissive multi-color micro-pixel spatial light modulator with non-telecentric emission is used to exemplify the methods and possible applications of the present invention: ultra-compact image projector, minimal cross-talk 3D light field display, multi-view 2D display, and directionally modulated waveguide optics for see-through near-eye displays.

Abstract: A display panel includes a first substrate defining a display area thereof in which an image is displayed and a pad area thereof which is disposed extended from an edge of the display area and in which the image is not displayed; a second substrate disposed overlapping the display area of the first substrate; a spacer disposed on the pad area of the first substrate; and an upper polarizing plate disposed on the second substrate, the upper polarizing plate extended further than the second substrate to be disposed on the spacer on the pad area of the first substrate The spacer includes a body portion and a light-blocking layer which is disposed on a surface of the body portion.

Abstract: A multispectral beam combiner includes a prism body having an output surface, a fiber entry block attached to the prism body, and a plurality of input fibers attached to the fiber entry block. Each of the plurality of input fibers is operable to support a different wavelength. The multispectral beam combiner also includes a collimator attached to the prism body. The collimator is operable to reflect and collimate light propagating from the fiber entry block. The multispectral beam combiner further includes an immersion grating operable to diffract light propagating from the collimator. The output surface of the prism body is operable to pass light propagating from the immersion grating.

Abstract: A mirror is comprised of a reflective film including a flexible polymer with a reflective coating, at least one magnet attached to the reflective film, a motor configured to rotate the reflective film wherein the reflective film is secured to the motor, and at least one electromagnet configured to receive an applied voltage. The mirror further comprises a first flexible support layer to increase the rigidity of the reflective film during curvature change and a second rigid support layer to prevent the reflective film, first support layer, and at least one magnet from contacting the at least one electromagnet.

Abstract: An electronic device includes an electro-optical device including a substrate, a mirror for optical modulation disposed above one surface side of the substrate, and electrodes including an elevated address electrode disposed between the mirror and the substrate. The light source emits light toward the mirror in a direction at an angle with respect to the direction perpendicular to the mirror. The mirror includes a first incident end face which is an end face of the mirror located at a side from which the light is radiated, and a first antireflection film is provided on the first incident end face. The elevated address electrode includes a second incident end face which is an end face of the elevated address electrode located at the side from which the light is radiated, and a second antireflection film is provided on the second incident end face.

Abstract: A Fabry-Perot cavity-based spectral notch filter is disclosed, where the filter is operative for providing an output optical signal whose spectral content is spatially dispersed along at least one direction, while also controlling the spectral position and spectral range of the output light. In some embodiments, the spectral filter is integrated with a detector arrays to realize a compact, high-resolution spectrometer that can rapidly acquire the absorption spectrum of a sample with high sensitivity.

Abstract: A gas sensing apparatus (48) comprises a gas sensor arranged to use light to sense presence of a gas; an optical element (12, 40) arranged so that said light impinges thereon; and a thermoelectric heat pump (2, 24) having a cold side (6, 36) and a hot side (8, 34). The thermoelectric heat pump (2, 24) is configured to transfer heat energy from said cold side (6, 36) to said hot side (8, 34) in response to a supply of electrical energy provided to the thermoelectric heat pump (2, 24). The hot side (8, 34) of the thermoelectric heat pump (2, 24) is in thermal contact with the optical element (12, 40).

Abstract: Disclosed are a spatial light modulator and a display device. The spatial light modulator includes: a substrate; the phase modulation devices disposed on a side of the substrate and arranged in an array, and each of the plurality of phase modulation devices includes a plurality of electrodes, the plurality of electrodes includes at least one first electrode and at least one second electrode, the at least one first electrode and the at least one second electrode are alternately arranged in a direction departing from the substrate, and a piezoelectric layer is sandwiched between the first electrode and the second electrode; and the piezoelectric layer comprises a piezoelectric material.

Abstract: A conductive layer is deposited into a trench in a sacrificial layer on a substrate. An etch stop layer is deposited over the conductive layer. The sacrificial layer is removed to form a gap. In one embodiment, a beam is over a substrate. An interconnect is on the beam. An etch stop layer is over the beam. A gap is between the beam and the etch stop layer.

Abstract: A flexure-based micro-array having a plurality of micro-assemblies, each comprising: an object; and at least three electrostatic actuation modules for tipping, tilting, and/or piston-actuating the object, each actuation module comprising: a base with first and second electrodes electrically isolated from each other; an electrically conductive lever arm; a first flexure bearing suspending the lever arm adjacent the first and second electrodes so that electrical activation of at least one of the first and second electrodes produces an electrostatic moment of force on the lever arm to resiliently bias the first flexure bearing and pivot the lever arm about a fulcrum; and a second flexure bearing connecting the lever arm to the object at a connection location that is different from other connection locations of the other actuation modules so that pivoting the lever arm about the fulcrum induces the second flexure bearing to pivot the object about an object pivot axis defined between two of the other connection lo

Abstract: Two-axis MEMS Micromirror is disclosed featuring combs drive actuation with independent drive for each of two axes of rotation and a layered hinge design providing an improved shock and vibration performance. The two-axis MEMS Micromirror is fabricated using Double SOI wafer as the primary starting material. In addition, actuation voltages are driven to an inner axis through multiple layers in one or more outer hinges, allowing for a robust and reliable micromirror that is easy to drive with multiple DC voltages, and moderately insensitive to temperature, shock and vibration. Furthermore, this novel design achieves set angles that are highly stable over time.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for active-mirroring, capacitive monitoring of furniture are provided. More particularly, the invention relates to an active mirroring system for a furniture item that monitors a first sensor type over a first frequency, while applying an inverse first frequency to at least one other sensor type coupled to the same furniture item. As such, the additional sensor types receiving the inverse sampling frequency may be dampened and/or cancelled, thereby preventing interference during monitoring of the first sensor type. In further aspects, a monitoring and mirroring cycle is provided, for sequentially monitoring and mirroring capacitive sensing mechanisms on different portions of a common furniture item.

Abstract: A device, a system, a backlight module and a test method for simulating a light guide plate, the device for simulating a light guide plate includes: a light guide substrate layer; and an electroactive polymer layer, wherein the electroactive polymer layer is formed on the light guide substrate layer and is configured to produce a deformation according to a layout signal of dot-patterns to simulate the dot-patterns.

Abstract: An optical device with variable aperture, including a deformable membrane having a central optical area, a support to which a peripheral anchoring area of said membrane is connected, a first cavity filled with a constant volume of a first transparent fluid in a determined range of wavelengths, said cavity being delimited at least in part by a first face of said membrane and a wall of the support. The optical device also includes at least one actuation device of a region of the membrane located between the peripheral anchoring area and the central optical area of the membrane, configured to bend said region of the membrane by application of electrical actuation voltage so as to displace some of the volume of the first fluid towards the center or towards the periphery of the first cavity, said displacement of fluid being intended to deform the central area of the membrane.

Abstract: A vehicle, a head-up displaying system and a projector are provided, the projector including a displaying component (1) configured to project an image, and a three-mirror optical device positioned in an optical path of an emergent light of the displaying component (1), configured to reflect the image projected by the displaying component (1) onto a front windshield (5) such that the front windshield (5) reflects the image to eyes of a driver and including: a zoom lens assembly (2) having a zoom lens (21) for zooming in/out the image projected by the displaying component (1), and a first curvature adjusting component configured to adjust a curvature of the zoom lens (21); an image quality compensation lens assembly (3) having an image quality compensation lens (31) configured to compensate for an image quality distortion caused during a change of the curvature of the zoom lens (21), and a second curvature adjusting component configured to adjust a curvature of the image quality compensation lens (31); and a fr

Abstract: The mirror group is formed by a monolithic frame bent along a bending line and including a first and a second supporting portions carrying, respectively, a first and a second chips forming two micromirrors made using MEMS technology. The first and second supporting portions are arranged on opposite sides of the bending line of the frame, angularly inclined with respect to each other. The mirror group is obtained by separating a shaped metal tape carrying a plurality of frames, having flexible electric connection elements. After attaching the chips, the frames are precut, bent along the bending line, and separated.

Abstract: A charge storage cell includes a conductive substrate, a substantially vertical post comprising a first insulating material coupled to the conductive substrate and a conductive cap coupled to the vertical post. The charge storage cell also includes a top side planarizing layer comprising a second insulating material and covering the conductive cap. The conductive cap will support an electric charge injected through the top side planarizing layer by a modulated charged particle beam.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator having an active and a peripheral region, wherein coherent light impinges on both regions, but due to a higher spatial frequency of pixels within the peripheral region, and due to biasing the peripheral region pixels to maximize dispersion of reflected light therefrom, a majority of light reflected from the peripheral region is directed outside of a three-dimensional target window. A spatial frequency of the pixels in the active region is selected such that maximum dispersion of reflected light from the active region is incident within the three-dimensional target window. In this way, incident light that does not reflect from the active region need not be absorbed, or blocked, but instead can be reflected, but still fails to interfere with the target window.

Abstract: A method is provided for protecting a MEMS unit, in particular a MEMS sensor, against infrared investigations, a surface patterning being performed for at least one first area of a surface of the MEMS unit, the first area absorbing, reflecting or diffusely scattering more than 50%, in particular more than 90% of an infrared light incident upon it.

Abstract: A support structure having multiple highly aligned curved x-ray optics, the support structure having multiple internal partially or fully concentric surfaces upon which said optics are mounted, thereby aligning said optics along a central optical axis thereof and therefore to a source, sample, and/or detector in combination with which the support structure is useable. The surfaces may be nested around the central optical axis; and the support structure may divided longitudinally into sections around the central optical axis by walls. At least one of the x-ray optics comprises a curved diffracting optic, for receiving a diverging x-ray beam and focusing the beam to a focal area, in one embodiment a focusing monochromating optic. In an improved embodiment, an optic comprises a single layer, plastically deformed, LiF optic.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device includes forming a first semiconductor layer on a semiconductor substrate, forming a first insulator layer on the first semiconductor layer, forming a patterned second semiconductor layer on the first insulator layer, the patterned second semiconductor layer having an actual thickness greater than a target thickness and exposing a portion of the first insulator layer; forming a second insulator layer as a spacer on the exposed portion of the first insulator layer, and performing an etching process on the patterned second semiconductor layer until the second semiconductor layer has the target thickness and concurrently removing the second insulator layer. The method can eliminate capillary etching of the spacer in a subsequent removal of the first insulator layer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a projection type liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel and a bezel. The liquid crystal display panel includes an array substrate, an opposed substrate, and a liquid crystal layer provided between the array substrate and the opposed substrate. The liquid crystal display panel has a first surface on one side of the array substrate and the opposed substrate, and a second surface on another side of the array substrate and the opposed substrate. The bezel covers a part of the liquid crystal panel. The bezel includes a first opening provided on a side of the first surface and a second opening provided on a side of the second surface. The second opening has a larger size than the first opening.

Abstract: The present application discloses a display panel free of a liquid crystal layer including a base substrate, and an array of a plurality of pixels on the base substrate, each of the plurality of pixels comprising at least one subpixel. Each subpixel includes an electroactive layer on the base substrate; and a light transmission layer on the base substrate configured to be actuated by the electroactive layer so that light transmittance of the light transmission layer in the at least one subpixel changes in response to a change in an electrical signal applied to the electroactive layer to achieve levels of gray scale; wherein the light transmission layer is reversibly deformable.

Abstract: A resin molding method according to the present invention is a resin molding method that fills a space between an insertion hole provided in a workpiece and a member to be fixed inserted into the insertion hole with resin, the method comprising: injecting a first tablet formed of thermosetting resin having a first temperature into a position of a pot far from the workpiece, the pot pouring the resin into the workpiece and being provided in a molding die, injecting a second tablet formed of thermosetting resin having a second temperature higher than the first temperature into a position of the pot close to the workpiece; pouring the thermosetting resin into the insertion hole of the workpiece in an order of the second tablet and the first tablet by a plunger that slides in the pot.

Abstract: An illumination system for a lithographic apparatus includes an array of lenses configured to receive a radiation beam and focus the beam into a plurality of sub-beams, an array of reflective elements configured to receive the sub-beams and reflect the sub-beams so as to form an illumination beam, a beam splitting device configured to split the illumination beam into a first portion and a second portion wherein the first portion is directed to be incident on a lithographic patterning device, a focusing unit configured to focus the second portion of the illumination beam onto a detection plane such that an image is formed at the detection plane and wherein the image is an image of the sub-beams in which the sub-beams do not overlap with each other and an array of detector elements configured to measure the intensity of radiation which is incident on the detection plane.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a mirror being positioned above a surface of a substrate and modulating light, a torsion hinge being positioned between the mirror and the substrate, and supporting the mirror via a mirror support post such that the mirror is pivotable about an axis, and address electrodes being positioned between the mirror and the substrate, and supplying electrostatic forces between the address electrodes and the mirror. Each of the address electrodes includes a first address electrode that is positioned on a side of the axis in plan view, and a second address electrode that is positioned on the opposite side of the axis with respect to the first address electrode in plan view. The first address electrode and the second address electrode are driven independently of each other.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods associated with placement of magnets within a microelectromechanical system device are disclosed herein. In embodiments, a method of affixing at least one magnet in a microelectromechanical system, may include affixing an electromagnetic actuator to a base structure of the microelectromechanical system, the affixing including affixing the electromagnetic actuator within a recess formed in the base structure. The method may further include placing a magnet within the recess, wherein the recess includes at least a portion of a spring, the spring affixed to the base structure and extending into the recess, the placing including placing the magnet on a side of the electromagnetic actuator, between the spring and the side of the electromagnetic actuator, the spring pressing the magnet against the side of the electromagnetic actuator and maintaining a position of the magnet in response to the placing the magnet within the recess.

Abstract: A spectrum measuring device including a ribbon element, a light detection element, and circuitry. The ribbon element includes a first light reflector including a plurality of first light reflection surfaces configured to be translated in an out-of-plane direction, and a second light reflector including a plurality of second light reflection surfaces that are fixed. The circuitry supplies a drive signal to the ribbon element in such a manner that a change of a displacement amount difference between the first light reflection surfaces and the second light reflection surfaces corresponds to a predetermined frequency; and acquires the light quantity data detected by the light detection element at a predetermined sampling frequency.

Abstract: A front light module includes a light guide plate, a light source and a light redirection film. The light guide plate includes a light incident surface, an inner light outgoing surface and an outer light outgoing surface. The light incident surface is adjoined between the inner light outgoing surface and the outer light outgoing surface. The light source is configured to emit light into the light incident surface of the light guide plate. The light redirection film is located beside the inner light outgoing surface, and is configured to redirect a traveling direction of the light from the light guide plate. An acute included angle between the light after redirected and a normal line of the inner light outgoing surface is less than an acute included angle between the light before redirected and the normal line of the inner light outgoing surface.

Abstract: A flexible display, including: a flexible display panel; an electroactive polymer layer disposed on a side of the flexible display panel that faces away from a displaying surface of the flexible display panel; and a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer which are disposed on the electroactive polymer layer. The electroactive polymer layer is capable of deforming according to the voltage applied across the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.

Abstract: An electrooptical device of a projection display device includes a first driving element and a second driving element. The first driving element switches a position of a first mirror between a first turn-on position, in which the first mirror reflects a first light-source light beam from a first irradiation direction in an ON-direction, and a first turn-off position, in which the first mirror reflects the first light-source light beam in a first OFF-direction. The second driving element switches a position of a second mirror between a second turn-on position, in which the second mirror reflects a second light-source light beam in the ON-direction, and a second turn-off position, in which the second mirror reflects the second light-source light beam in a second OFF-direction.

Abstract: An air agitator assembly for use with a heat-emitting object having a contour, the air agitator assembly including a perforated flexible structure having a thermally absorbing first side confronting and spaced from a portion of the heat-emitting object to define an air space there between and a second side opposite the first side and where at least a portion of the first side of the perforated flexible structure has a contour that matches a contour of a corresponding portion of the heat-emitting object.

Abstract: A display panel includes a first substrate defining a display area thereof in which an image is displayed and a pad area thereof which is disposed extended from an edge of the display area and in which the image is not displayed; a second substrate disposed overlapping the display area of the first substrate; a spacer disposed on the pad area of the first substrate; and an upper polarizing plate disposed on the second substrate, the upper polarizing plate extended further than the second substrate to be disposed on the spacer on the pad area of the first substrate The spacer includes a body portion and a light-blocking layer which is disposed on a surface of the body portion.

Abstract: In an electro-optical device, a torsion hinge and a mirror support post are formed as one piece together with a conductive member, and in the mirror support post, a first end portion on a substrate side is an open end which is opened toward the substrate. In the mirror support post, a second end portion on a mirror side is a flat plate which closes an opening of the mirror support post, and the mirror is in contact with a surface of the flat plate at a side opposite to the substrate. The first sacrificial layer which is used for manufacturing the electro-optical device is formed by exposure, development, and etching in a state in which a hard mask is formed, with respect to the photosensitive resin layer.

Abstract: A forward-on-forward high dynamic range architecture for digital micromirror devices device is provided. In particular, provided herein is a device that includes two digital micromirror devices (DMDs), each operated in a forward configuration, such that each is illuminated at a respective non-normal angle and a respective output image is reflected at a normal angle, a subject plane of a first DMD being parallel to the first DMD. Optics between the DMDs are configured to convey light reflected from the first DMD to illuminate an image plane at a second DMD in the forward configuration, the optics including an equivalent lens plane. At least one optical device between the DMDs is configured to: tilt the subject plane of the first DMD to an equivalent tilted subject plane, the equivalent lens plane, the equivalent tilted subject plane and the image plane all intersecting at a Scheimpflug intersection.

Abstract: Presented is a method, apparatus, and computer-readable medium for selectively switching optical paths. The apparatus includes a directing mirror for redirecting light from an incoming path to one of a plurality of input paths and redirecting the light from one of a plurality of output paths to an outgoing path, and a plurality of input mirrors, each one of the plurality of input mirrors operable for redirecting the light from one of the plurality of input paths to one of a plurality of transition paths. The apparatus includes a plurality of light modifying elements, each one of the light modifying elements in a corresponding transition path and a plurality of output mirrors, each one of the plurality of output mirrors operable for redirecting the light from one of the plurality of transition paths to one of a plurality of output paths.

Abstract: In a reflection-type image display for use in an image projection apparatus, when normal vectors of a pixel reflection surface in image display and non-display states are VA and VB, respectively, a Y axis is set in a normal direction of an image display surface with the pixel center as an origin, an X axis is set in a direction perpendicular to the Y axis and the normal vector VA, and a projection of the vector VB onto an XY plane is vb, the projection vb is at a predetermined angle not parallel to the Y axis, and among projections of illumination light incident on the pixel reflection surfaces onto the XY plane, a projection forming a maximum angle with respect to the Y axis exists only on a side with respect to the Y axis where a region in which the projection vb exists lies.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator comprises, a first light modulation element having a substrate, a reflecting mirror, a movable portion displaced relative to the substrate while supporting the reflecting mirror, and a top electrode adsorbing the movable portion by electrostatic force between the movable portion and the top electrode in a position farther away from the substrate than the movable portion, a second light modulation element placed adjacent to the first light modulation element in the substrate, having a reflecting mirror, a movable portion displaced relative to the substrate while supporting the reflecting mirror, and a top electrode adsorbing the movable portion by electrostatic force between the movable portion and the top electrode in a position farther away from the substrate than the movable portion, and electrode supporting portions commonly supporting the top electrodes of the first light modulation element and the second light modulation element relative to the substrate.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for a display drive scheme without a reset. In one aspect, a first voltage can be applied to an electrode of a display unit to position a movable element from a first position towards a second position, and a second voltage can be applied to the electrode of the display unit to position the movable element to the second position.

Abstract: A touch panel of the present invention includes: a cover substrate; a connector being provided on an area of the cover substrate other than a display area, and including a color layer and a shield layer, the shield layer being formed from a multilayer structure, the multilayer structure being configured so that a metal layer and a dielectric layer which is thicker than the metal layer are alternately laminated; and a touch panel substrate being arranged to face the cover substrate with the connector interposed therebetween.

Abstract: Provided are a capacitive transducer that can make a sealing film thickness necessary to seal a gap smaller and can enhance performance such as a wider bandwidth, and a method of manufacturing the capacitive transducer. The capacitive transducer including cells each including a vibration film including a second electrode that is provided with a gap from a first electrode can be manufactured in the following manufacturing method. A convex part is formed on the first electrode, a sacrifice layer having a thickness larger than the thickness of the convex part is formed on the first electrode and the convex part, and a membrane is formed on the sacrifice layer. Further, an etching hole is formed in the membrane at a position above the convex part, the sacrifice layer is etched through the etching hole, and the etching hole is sealed by a sealing layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to display technology field and particularly to a touch screen and a method of manufacturing the same, a display panel and a display device. The touch screen includes an insulating layer and a touch-controlling electrode. The insulating layer is provided with at least one recess structure in a side thereof and the touch-controlling electrode is arranged in the recess structure, a cross section area of the touch-controlling electrode in a direction perpendicular to a touch face of the touch screen being larger at a position corresponding to the top of the at least one recess structure than at a position corresponding to the bottom of the at least one recess structure. The touch screen eliminates adverse influence of the pattern of touch-controlling electrode on the display while ensuring the touch-controlling effect.