Abstract: A light converging sheet unit includes first and second light converging sheets stacked one on top of the other. The first light converging sheet has first light converging micro-prism structures with a first average peak-to-peak distance between adjacent ones of the first light converging micro-prism structures. The second light converging sheet has second light converging micro-prism structures with a second average peak-to-peak distance between adjacent ones of the second light converging micro-prism structures. At least one of the first and second average peak-to-peak distances is not larger than 35 ?m.

Abstract: An erecting equal-magnification lens array plate includes a stack of a first lens array plate and a second lens array plate, the first lens array plate being provided with a plurality of first lenses and a plurality of second lenses, and the second lens array plate being provided with a plurality of third lenses and a plurality of fourth lenses. The erecting equal-magnification lens array plate includes a first light shielding wall provided upright to surround the first lens, a second light shielding wall provided upright to surround the fourth lens, a first aperture defined by the first light shielding wall and formed above the first lens, and a second aperture defined by the second light shielding well and formed above the fourth lens. At least one of the first aperture and the second aperture is formed such that the aperture diameter ID facing the lens is larger than the aperture diameter OD on the opposite side.

Abstract: A lens array set for a projection apparatus is provided. The lens array set comprises a first lens array and a second lens array. The first lens array has a plurality of first lens units which are rectangle-shaped and a side thereof that defines the first direction. The second lens array, which is parallel with the first lens array, has a plurality of second lens units which has a rectangle shape and a side thereof that defines the second direction. Each of the second lens units is set correspondingly to each of the first lens units, and the center of each second lens unit and the center of each first lens unit are coaxial. A rotation angle is substantially defined between the first direction and the second direction depending on the difference between the rectangle shapes of the first and the second lens units. When adopting the present invention in the projection apparatus, the light source efficiently provides light for the micro-display.

Abstract: In an optical module, an optical element array is an array of optical elements. Further, a lens array is an array of a plurality of lenses. An output point of a light beam of each optical element of the optical element array is caused to coincide with a central line of a corresponding lens of the lens array, and the light beam is made incident on the lens and a parallel beam is output from the lens. When the output point of the light beam of the optical element coincides with an optical axis of the lens, an optical path within the optical element and the optical axis of the lens fail to coincide with each other.

Abstract: A wafer-level optical lens module including one or more embedded lenses and two outer lenses on an outer side of two outermost glass wafers. The embedded lenses may be formed of air or of any material with desired refractive index and dispersion characteristics. The outer lenses may be formed of any material with desired refractive index and dispersion characteristics. This arrangement, with various lenses of the optical module having different refractive indices and dispersions, allows for the formation of a wafer-level optical lens system which corrects for chromatic aberration and astigmatism.

Abstract: A lens array unit includes a first lens array plate, a second lens array plate, and a holder. The holder includes a first surface part provided with a plurality of first through holes respectively corresponding to a plurality of first outer lenses, a second surface part provided with a plurality of second through holes respectively corresponding to a plurality of second outer lenses, and a support part operative to support the first surface part and the second surface part so as to be located at a predetermined distance from each other. The first surface part, the second surface part, and the support part are integrally formed by a light shielding material, and the first lens array plate and the second lens array plate are held by the holder by being inserted into the gap between the first surface part and the third surface part and the gap between the second surface part and the third surface part, respectively.

Abstract: The conventional lens array of an erecting unit magnification system is composed of an inside lens of spherical shape and an outside lens of spherical or aspherical shape, and has a problem to be improved for the resulting MTF performance. A lens array of an erecting unit magnification system is provided by stacking a first and a second planar-shaped lens array plates. Each of the first and second planar-shaped lens array plates includes a plurality of outside lenses (L1 and L4), which are regularly arranged on one side thereof, and a plurality of inside lenses (L2 and L3), which are regularly arranged on the other side thereof. Especially, the outside lenses (L1 and L4) and the inside lenses (L2 and L3) are formed based on the defining method according to the present invention.

Abstract: An exposure device is provided that has a light emitting unit having a plurality of light emitting elements and a lens array having a pair of lenses having a first lens and a second lens, the lens array having a shielding unit for shielding a light from any one of the pair of lenses, wherein a formula EC<EP/2 is satisfied, where EP denotes an interval between two adjacent light emitting elements of the plurality of light emitting elements and where EC denotes an off-set between a central axis of the first lens and a central axis of the second lens.

Abstract: An erecting equal-magnification lens array plate includes a stack of a first lens array plate provided with a plurality of first lenses arranged on a first surface and a plurality of second lenses arranged on a second surface, and a second lens array plate provided with a plurality of third lenses arranged on a third surface and a plurality of fourth lenses arranged on a fourth surface. The erecting equal-magnification lens array plate is provided with a first light shielding wall provided upright to surround the first lens, and a second light shielding wall provided upright to surround the fourth lens. An area on the first surface of the first lens array plate outside the effective region of the first lenses is roughened.

Abstract: An embodiment relates to a lens array imaging optics for a line sensor module comprising at least two lens arrays (100, 200) and a black mask (700) arranged between the two lens arrays (100, 200), the black mask (700) being configured to avoid overlap of sub-images of adjacent lens elements (110) of the at least two lens arrays (100, 200) in an image segment (410) of an image plane (400).

Abstract: A lens unit includes a lens array, a first light blocking member, and a second light blocking member. The lens array includes a plurality of lens pairs arranged in a substantially linear arrangement. Each of the lens pairs includes a first lens for forming an inverted reduced-size image of an object and a second lens for forming an inverted enlarged-size image of the inverted reduced-size image. The first light blocking member is disposed between the first lenses and the second lenses, and includes first apertures. The second light blocking member includes second apertures arranged in a substantially linear arrangement corresponding to an arrangement interval of the lens pairs, and having different opening portion shapes depending on a position of the lens pairs in an optical axis direction of the lens pairs. The second light blocking member is disposed at least between the first lenses and an object plane or the second lenses and an image plane.

Abstract: An optical packaged body capable of preventing generation of a wrinkle, deflection, and warpage, and capable of being thinned is provided. The optical packaged body includes a support medium and a packaging film that covers the support medium in a state of being applied with shrinkage force. The packaging film has an optical function section that acts on light from a light source in at least one of a first region into which the light from the light source enters and a second region from which the light from the light source is emitted after passing through the optical packaged body when the light source is arranged on one face side of the optical packaged body.

Abstract: A tamper indicating optical security device that operates to produce one or more synthetic images is provided. Any attempt to detach (e.g., forcibly remove) this device from an underlying base material will cause one or more layers of the security device to separate or delaminate, rending the device partially or totally inoperable. The inventive device is contemplated for use with, among other things, currency or banknotes, secure documents such as bonds, checks, travelers checks, identification cards, lottery tickets, passports, postage stamps, and stock certificates, as well as non-secure documents such as stationery items and labels. The inventive device is also contemplated for use with consumer goods as well as bags or packaging used with consumer goods.

Abstract: A brightness enhancement film (BEF) includes a substrate, a prism layer, a connection structure layer, and a micro lens layer. The prism layer is disposed on the substrate, the micro lens layer is disposed above the prism layer, and the connection structure layer is disposed between the prism layer and the micro lens layer. The prism layer includes a plurality of prisms. Each of the prisms includes a plurality of prism units. The micro lens layer includes a plurality of micro lens units. The connection structure layer includes a plurality of connection structure units. Each of the connection structure units connects the prism unit and the micro lens unit. A side surface of each of the connection structure units is a curved surface, and the curved surface extends from the micro lens unit to the prism unit. A backlight module including the brightness enhancement film is also provided.

Abstract: An image rendering method for a computer system includes identifying a point in space to be illuminated from at least one line light for the point, and determining an illumination direction of the line light. The method further includes generating a plane passing through the point, and projecting the line light onto the plane. The method further includes determining a brightness contribution for the point responsive to a function characterizing the brightness contribution.

Abstract: A device (100) for imaging an object (101), wherein the device (100) comprises an objective lens (102) adapted to manipulate a beam of electromagnetic radiation (103) transmitted through the object (101), a collimator lens (104) adapted to manipulate the beam of electromagnetic radiation (103) transmitted through the objective lens (102), and an actuator (105) adapted for displacing the objective lens (102) in a direction essentially parallel and in a direction essentially perpendicular to a propagation direction of the beam of electromagnetic radiation (103) between the objective lens (102) and the collimator lens (104), wherein the objective lens (102) and the collimator lens (104) are arranged so that the beam of electromagnetic radiation (103) between the objective lens (102) and the collimator lens (104) is essentially parallel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a LED curing light device for curing of photo-polymerization materials. The device has a plurality of LED sources and a plurality of Fresnel lenses. The LED source is powered and controlled by a drive board and batteries providing high power curing light in the range of 300 to 500 nm and optical power in the range of 100 to 800 mW.

Abstract: A device for homogenizing light has a first lens array provided with a number of convex lenses, and at least one second lens array disposed at a distance from the first lens array in the beam scattering direction and through which the light refracted by the first lens array can pass. The second lens array is formed with a number of first lenses that are respectively arranged at a distance from each other. At least one of the first lenses of the second lens array is associated with each convex lens of the first lens array. The convex lenses of the first lens array have a smaller curvature than the first lenses of the second lens array associated with said convex lenses.

Abstract: A lens array includes a lens plate having a plurality of lenses arranged next to each other in a direction perpendicular to optical axes thereof, and a light blocking member for blocking light incident on the lenses. The light blocking member includes a light blocking portion and a plurality of light passing portions arranged at positions corresponding to the lenses. The light passing portions communicate with each other.

Abstract: An erecting equal-magnification lens array plate includes a stack of a first lens array plate and a second lens array plate, the first lens array plate being provided with a plurality of first lenses and a plurality of second lenses, and the second lens array plate being provided with a plurality of third lenses and a plurality of fourth lenses. The erecting equal-magnification lens array plate includes a first light shielding wall provided upright to surround the first lens, a second light shielding wall provided upright to surround the fourth lens, a first aperture defined by the first light shielding wall and formed above the first lens, and a second aperture defined by the second light shielding well and formed above the fourth lens. At least one of the first aperture and the second aperture is formed such that the aperture diameter ID facing the lens is larger than the aperture diameter OD on the opposite side.

Abstract: An optical film structure for backlit displays having two films, both in prisms up configuration. The first film, closer to the light guide, has an array of generally symmetric 90-degree prisms facing the viewer. The second film, farther from the light guide, has an array of generally asymmetric prisms facing the viewer, with one face of the prisms inclined at about 45 degrees and the other face generally perpendicular to the plane of the backlight. The prisms of the first and second films may have an azimuthal angle between them, and may have different pitches from each other. The film structure recycles a portion of the light from the light guide, thereby helping to increase uniformity over the area of the display. The film structure also compresses the light emerging from the light guide, thereby providing a more sharply peaked brightness distribution for the viewer.

Abstract: A line head includes: a first lens array having a plurality of first lenses each having a convex surface as a light incidence surface; a second lens array that is arranged at a light-emitting surface side of the first lens array so as to be opposite to the first lens array and that has a plurality of second lenses, which are arranged at positions corresponding to the plurality of first lenses and each of which has a convex surface as a light incidence surface; and at least a light-emitting element provided for each of the first lenses at a light incidence side of the first lens array.

Abstract: A stacked optical glass lens array, a stacked lens module and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The stacked optical glass lens array includes at least two optical glass lens arrays whose optical axis are aligned and then stacked with each other by cement glue in glue grooves. A stacked optical glass lens element can be singularized by cutting along with the alignment notches of stacked optical glass lens array. The stacked lens module is formed by a single stacked optical glass lens element and related optical element mounted in a lens holder. Thereby the optical axis of the lenses of the stacked lens module are aligned precisely, the manufacturing processes are simplified and the production cost is reduced.

Abstract: A projector includes an integrator illumination optical system. The integrator illumination optical system includes: a first lens array having a plurality of first small lenses, a second lens having a plurality of second small lenses, and a polarization converter including: polarization separating layers. The second small lenses of the second lens array are each arranged with its convex surface oriented to the light-irradiation side. A light shield section is provided on a portion on an incident-side surface of the polarization converter, the portion excluding a light-incident surface corresponding to the polarization separating layers. An extending portion is formed on one of the second lens array and the polarization converter in a manner extending toward the other one of the second lens array and the polarization converter, the second lens array and the polarization converter bonded and fixed to each other by bonding and fixing the extending portion to the other one.

Abstract: An optical device comprises a first cylindrical lens array in which a plurality of first lens segments each having a first radius of curvature and a first width so as to divide laser light into a plurality of light components are arranged, and a plurality of second lens segments each having a second radius of curvature and a second width, and provided in at least one position of the first cylindrical lens array so as to be arranged between adjacent first lens segments.

Abstract: An optical device (10) for providing a synthetic integral image includes a polymer foil stack (111). The polymer foil stack (111) includes at least one polymer foil (11). A first interface (17) of the polymer foil stack (111) includes optically distinguishable image data bearer structures (116). The first interface (17) has a general shape defined by a first array (115) of curved interface portions (117), on which the image data bearer structures (116) are superimposed. Preferably, the optical device (10) includes a second interface (12) of the polymer foil stack (111), which has a second array (13) of microlenses (14). The second interface (12) is provided at a distance from the first interface (17), which distance is close to a focal length of the microlenses (14). The second array (13) is in registry with the first array (115).

Abstract: A lens element comprising: a rear substrate having a front surface provided with a surface relief having a plurality of zones each capable of providing a lens effect; a front substrate disposed in front of the rear substrate and having a rear surface provided with a surface relief having a plurality of zones each capable of providing a lens effect, the zones of the surface reliefs provided on the rear substrate and the front substrate having the same spatial arrangement over the area of the lens element; and solid or liquid, isotropic, intermediate material disposed between the front surface of the rear substrate and the rear surface of the front substrate, the intermediate material having a refractive index different from the refractive index of each of the rear substrate and the front substrate. This construction reduces the degree of Fresnel reflection which would otherwise degrade the optical performance.

Abstract: A laser beam emission is collimated by optics. The collimated beam is shaped into an expanding planar laser beam by line generator optics. The expanding planar laser beam is collimated by other optics such that a beam having a generally rectangular cross-section is derived. The resulting beam can be used in ink drop detection and/or other applications.

Abstract: Substrate processing equipment and methods are used to improve the uniformity of illumination across an illuminated portion of a substrate by processing light with multiple optical homogenizers. The multiple optical homogenizers each include micro-lens arrays and Fourier lens. The multiple optical homogenizers are arranged so that the output numerical aperture of one of the optical homogenizers is within 5% of the input numerical aperture of another optical homogenizer.

Abstract: A symmetrical lens array comprising two identical covers, two identical lens sections, and a middle holder. Each lens section comprises a plurality of lenses disposed on the top and bottom of the lens section. The lens array is assembled with the middle holder positioned between the two lens sections. The two covers are positioned one cover on the top of the upper lens section and one cover positioned on the bottom of the lower lens section. Mating elements of the covers, lens sections, and the middle holder mate to allow the components to attach and be held together. Since each lens section is identical and each cover is identical the same lens section tooling is used for all lens sections and the same cover tooling is used for all covers.

Abstract: An optical integrator is able to keep down a light-quantity loss in modified illumination with an illumination optical apparatus. An optical integrator of a wavefront division type according to the present invention has a plurality of refracting surface regions which refract incident light, and a plurality of deflecting surface regions provided corresponding to the plurality of refracting surface regions and adapted for changing a traveling direction of the incident light. The plurality of refracting surface regions include a plurality of first refracting surface regions includes an arcuate contour with the center projecting in a first direction, and a plurality of second refracting surface regions includes an arcuate contour with the center projecting in a second direction.

Abstract: Method of manufacturing a lens assembly by means of a replication process, wherein the following steps are carried out i) introducing a first, liquid, UV curable composition (2) into a first mould (1) provided with regularly spaced-apart cavities (6), ii) curing said first composition by UV radiation so as to obtain a first lens element comprising lenses arranged beside each other, wherein the surface of the obtained lens element is the negative of that of the cavities, in) applying a second, liquid, UV curable composition (5) to the first composition cured in step ii), iv) placing a second mould (4) on the second composition (5) applied in step iii), which second mould is provided with regularly spaced-apart recesses (7), in such a manner that said recesses will fill with the second composition, v) curing the second composition by UV radiation so as to obtain a second lens element comprising lenses arranged beside each other, wherein the surface of the obtained lens element is the negative of that of the rec

Abstract: A lens sheet according to the invention includes a base film, a lenticular lens resin layer, a prism resin layer, and a filling resin layer. The lenticular lens resin layer includes a plurality of cylindrical lenses formed on one surface of the base film and arranged. The prism resin layer includes a plurality of prisms formed on the other surface of the base film and arranged, and has a lower refractive index than the refractive index of the base film. The filling resin layer is filled on a surface of the prism resin layer provided with the arranged prisms and has a higher refractive index than the refractive index of the prism resin layer. Therefore, the lens sheet according to the invention can restrain side lobe light emitted obliquely to the front surface.

Abstract: An erecting equal-magnification lens array plate includes: a first lens array plate provided with a plurality of first lenses arranged systematically on a first surface of the plate and with a plurality of second lenses arranged systematically on a second surface opposite to the first surface; and a second lens array plate provided with a plurality of third lenses arranged systematically on a third surface of the plate and with a plurality of fourth lenses arranged systematically on a fourth surface opposite to the third surface. The first lens array plate and the second lens array plate form a stack such that the second surface and the third surface face each other to ensure that a combination of the lenses associated with each other form a coaxial lens system, the plate receiving light from a document G facing the first surface and forming an erect equal-magnification image of the document G on an image plane facing the fourth surface.

Abstract: An optical unit (1) is disclosed that is equipped with a pair of integrator lenses (11 and 14) secured to a holder (12), the optical unit (1) including a first frame-shaped metal plate (10) secured to the holder (12) in a state in which a portion of the principal surface contacts with a first surface (A) of the holder (12) and a second frame-shaped metal plate (15) secured to the holder (12) in a state in which a portion of the principal surface contacts with a second surface (B) of the holder (12). One lens array (11) is positioned with respect to the optical axis direction by securing the lens formation surface to an area which is a part of the surface of the principal surface of frame-shaped metal plate (10) and which does not contact with the first surface (A) of the holder (12).

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing a wafer lens assembly capable of adhering a wafer lens and a spacer surely. The wafer lens assembly includes a first substrate including plural optical members formed of a curable resin on at least one surface, a second substrate joined to the first substrate, and a stop member arranged between the first and second substrates. The first and second substrates are adhered with an adhesive made of a photo-curable resin. The method includes an adhesive applying step of applying the adhesive made of a photo-curable resin on a joining area, a stop-member forming step, and a photo-curing step of irradiating and hardening the adhesive applied in the adhesive applying step with light after the stop-member forming step. The stop member is formed so as not to prevent the light irradiated in the photo-curing step from reaching the adhesive.

Abstract: An erecting equal-magnification lens array plate includes a stack of a plurality lens array plates built such that pairs of corresponding lenses form a coaxial lens system, where each lens array plate is formed with a plurality of convex lenses on both surfaces of the plate. The plate receives light from a substantially straight light source facing one side of the plate, and the plate forms an erect equal-magnification image of the substantially straight light source on an image plane facing the other side of the plate. The main lens arrangement direction differs from the main scanning direction of the erecting equal-magnification lens array plate.

Abstract: A color-mixing laser module is disclosed, which is comprised of a laser unit capable of emitting red, blue and green laser beams; a beam combiner, for receiving and converging the laser beams emitted from the laser unit and then directing the converged laser light to illuminate on a light pattern adjusting unit; and the light pattern adjusting unit, capable of receiving the converged laser light from the beam combiner for adjusting the pattern of the same.

Abstract: A lens array device and an image display device using the lens array device, which allow a lens effect characteristic different from that of a single variable lens array to be easily obtained, are provided. The lens array device includes a variable lens array and a fixed lens array. The variable lens array includes a plurality of variable lenses each having electrically-adjustable refracting power. The fixed lens array includes a plurality of fixed lenses each provided in correspondence to each of the plurality of variable lenses. Each of the fixed lenses has a refracting power which, once a corresponding variable lens has come to have a first refracting power, allows the first refracting power to be cancelled out.

Abstract: An erect life-size lens array having a deep focal depth is realized. The erect life-size lens array includes a first lens array, a second lens array and an aperture, and when a thickness of the second lens is ?1, a refractive index of the second lens is n, a distance between an exit surface of the second lens and a design image surface is ?2, a radius of a circular hole of the aperture is ra, and a defocus amount is ?3, the erect life-size lens array is for causing an MTF at a spatial frequency (line-pair/mm) ? to become MTFtarget or more, and satisfies (J1(2?·ra·((n/?1)+(1/?2))·?·?3))/(?·ra·((n/?1)+(1/?2))·??3)?MTFtarget, where J1 is a first type first-order Bessel function.

Abstract: A lens array includes a plurality of lens groups each of which includes a plurality of lenses arranged in a direction perpendicular to optical axes of the lenses. The lens groups are disposed so that the lenses of the respective lens groups have aligned optical axes. A light shielding member is provided between the lens groups. The light shielding member has a plurality of apertures with substantially cylindrical shapes through which the optical axes of the respective lenses pass. The light shielding member is integrally formed so as to include a plurality of the apertures.

Abstract: A glass lens array module with alignment fixture and a manufacturing method thereof are revealed. A glass lens array is produced by multi-cavity glass molding and alignment members are arranged on a peripheral of non-optical area of the glass lens array. Optical axis of each of two adjacent glass lens arrays is aligned by corresponding alignment members and the glass lens arrays are assembled by glue. A spacer is disposed between the two adjacent glass lens arrays to form a preset interval if needed. Thus a glass lens array module is formed after curing of the glue. Thereby the alignment of the optical axis of the glass lens is achieved easily and optical precision is also attained. Moreover, the manufacturing processes are simplified and the cost is reduced.

Abstract: An erecting equal-magnification lens array plate includes a stack of lens array plates each formed with a plurality of convex lenses on both surfaces of the plate. The plurality of convex lenses in each lens array plate are arranged such that the main lens array direction differs from the main scanning direction. A light shielding member operative to shield light not contributing to imaging is formed in the neighborhood of a position in the intermediate plane in the erecting equal-magnification lens array plate where an inverted image is formed. The light shielding member restricts a light transmitting region of each convex lens such that lens regions outside a slit opening, which is substantially parallel with the main scanning direction, are totally prevented from transmitting light. The position of the slit opening is determined with reference to the lens coordinates of the lens surface closest to the image plane.

Abstract: A microlens has a surface with an effective index of refraction close to the index of air to reduce reflection caused by change in indices of refraction from microlens to air. The microlens having an index of refraction approximately the same as that of air is obtained by providing a rough or bumpy lens-air surface on the microlens. Features protrude from the surface of a microlens to create the rough surface and preferably have a length of greater or equal to a wavelength of light and a width of less than a sub-wavelength of light, from about 1/10 to ¼ of the wavelength of light. The features may be of any suitable shape, including but not limited to triangular, cylindrical, rectangular, trapezoidal, or spherical and may be formed by a variety of suitable processes, including but not limited to mask and etching, lithography, spray-on beads, sputtering, and growing.

Abstract: Provided is an image display device including: an image forming layer for forming a plurality of images; and a lens layer which is integrally provided with the image forming layer and includes a plurality of lenses for guiding the plurality of images formed in the image forming layer in a plurality of corresponding directions.

Abstract: An exemplary lens module includes a first lens, a second lens and an electrostrictive member. An optical axis of the second lens is aligned with that of the first lens. The electrostrictive member defines a through hole therein for facilitating light passing through, and is sandwiched between the first lens and the second lens. A thickness direction of the electrostrictive member is parallel to optical axes of the first lens and second lens. The electrostrictive member is capable of deforming in the thickness direction thereof when an electric current with an intensity is applied thereto, and capable of returning back to its undeformed state when the electric current is removed, whereby a space between the first and second lenses is adjusted, and at least one of the first lens and second lens is moved.

Abstract: A method and apparatus providing an imaging device with a system of convex and concave microlenses at different levels over an array of photosensors. The concave microlenses redirect leaking light, which is not directed by the convex lenses onto the photosensors, onto the photosensors.

Abstract: A lenticular optical system is described in which a composite image is viewable through a lens sheet from a first angle and an object or image placed at a preselected distance beneath the composite image is viewable from a second angle. Optical designs and alignment processes are disclosed which make possible the economical production of thin materials which facilitate the manufacturing and utilization of the optical system in packaging and the like.

Abstract: A light converging sheet unit includes first and second light converging sheets stacked one on top of the other. The first light converging sheet has first light converging micro-prism structures with a first average peak-to-peak distance between adjacent ones of the first light converging micro-prism structures. The second light converging sheet has second light converging micro-prism structures with a second average peak-to-peak distance between adjacent ones of the second light converging micro-prism structures. At least one of the first and second average peak-to-peak distances is not larger than 35 ?m.

Abstract: An erect equal-magnification lens array according to the present invention includes: a first lens array plate including a first lens plate and a group of plural convex lenses arrayed on an emission surface of the first lens plate, an incident surface of the first lens plate being formed in a planar shape; a first aperture plate having plural apertures; a second lens array plate including a second lens plate and a group of plural convex lenses arrayed on both an incident surface and an emission surface of the second lens plate; a second aperture plate including plural apertures corresponding to plural projections of the plural convex lenses on the emission surface of the second lens plate; and a third lens array plate including a third lens plate and a group of plural convex lenses arrayed on an incident surface of the third lens plate.