Abstract: A polarization conversion system provides generally uniform polarized illumination light while maximizing illumination brightness by utilizing all illumination light, particularly the typically brightest illumination light available in a central region. In one implementation, the polarization conversion system includes a pair of lens arrays that successively receive light from an illumination source. A planar array of polarization beamsplitters is positioned adjacent the latter lens array. Each polarization beamsplitter includes a pair of elongated right-angle prisms having their respective inclined faces positioned against each other and their lengths extending vertically across multiple lenslets of the latter lens array. The polarization beamsplitter array includes coplanar top and bottom array segments, the inclined faces of the prisms of the polarization beamsplitters of the top array segment being oriented at substantially one angle (e.g.

Abstract: A system for the display of digital or analog images with a beam-forming apparatus comprised of lenticular lens elements secured to or integrated with, or associated with individual pixel lines or sub-pixel elements in a line in the display. A lenticular array material can either be used as the substrate of the solid-state display device or affixed to the display device.

Abstract: Platelike first transparent members 321 and platelike second transparent members 322 are prepared. Each first transparent member has substantially parallel first and second surfaces (film forming surfaces). A polarization splitting film 331 is formed on the first film forming surface. A reflecting film 332 is formed on the second film forming surface. The films are not formed on the surfaces of the second transparent members 322. A plurality of the first transparent members 321 and a plurality of the second transparent members 322 are adhered alternately. A block is cut from the so-adhered transparent members at a prescribed angle to the surfaces and the cut surfaces thereof are polished to obtain a polarization beam splitter array 320.

Abstract: A uniform illumination device satisfies the demands of having a short optic path, a smaller beam size, and desired parallel beams. The uniform illumination device has a beam splitting device for converting light from a light source into a plurality of parallel beams, and a beam condenser for condensing the parallel beams to form a more uniform condensed light. The beam condenser has a first condensing lens made of a convex lens, and a second condensing lens made of a concave lens. When the parallel beams transmitted from the beam splitting device pass through the first condensing lens of the beam condenser, the parallel beams converge to the central axis. When the parallel beams pass through the second condensing lens, the parallel beams converge towards axes that are parallel with the central axis. The parallel beams transmitted from the beam splitting device are mixed to form the more uniform condensed light.

Abstract: A rod lens array for line scanning is provided that can reduce the degradation of image quality (i.e., vertical stripes (streaks) in the sub-scanning direction of an output image) caused by a periodic irregularity in the light quantity, considering an angular aperture and the positional deviation of an image line in the sub-scanning direction. A rod lens array for one-to-one imaging is used as the rod lens array for line scanning, including a plurality of columnar rod lenses having a refractive index distribution in the radial direction that are arranged in one row in the main scanning direction with their optical axes in parallel.

Abstract: An optical system has an extended boresight source including a boresight light source that produces a light beam, a condenser lens that receives the light beam from the boresight light source, a spatial light integrator that receives the light beam from the condenser and mixes the light beam to reduce its spatial inhomogeneities, a constriction through which the light beam from the spatial light integrator is directed, and a collimator that receives the light beam which passes through the constriction and outputs a boresight light beam. The boresight light beam is typically provided to a sensor imager that uses the boresight light beam to establish its centroid.

Abstract: One of objects of the present invention is to provide a method of carrying out a laser annealing with sufficient uniformity and high productivity in a wide thickness range of a non-single crystal semiconductor film. According to one aspect of the present invention, a laser irradiation apparatus for carrying out irradiation while scanning a linear laser beam in a beam width direction is characterized in that the laser beam on an irradiation surface has a first energy density in a first beam width and a second energy density in a second beam width, and the second energy density is higher than the first energy density.

Abstract: Microlens sheetings with composite images are disclosed, in which the composite image floats above or below the sheeting, or both. The composite image may be two-dimensional or three-dimensional. Methods for providing such an imaged sheeting, including by the application of radiation to a radiation sensitive material layer adjacent the microlenses, are also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical emitter array with collimation optics in which a number of extended emitters are arranged side-by-side in the x-direction, having a specified divergence (&agr;x) in this direction and a center-to-center separation (Px) greater than the emitter size (Ex) and in which the collimation optics include a cylindrical lens array with a number of convergent cylindrical-lens surfaces each assigned to an emitter and having its cylindrical axis lying in the y-direction, arranged in front of the emitter array, characterized in that a first cylindrical-lens array with focal length (FA) is positioned in front of the emitters within an overlap distance (a) at which the ray bundles emerging from the emitters overlap at a separation (c) that is small in comparison to said focal length FA], a second cylindrical-lens array having the same focal length (FA) is positioned with a telescopic arrangement at a distance of this focal length (FA) away from the first cylindrical-lens array.

Abstract: A stacked array magnifier (SAM) forms a magnified, demagnified or unit image of an object. The SAM includes one or more non-refractive lenslet arrays and one or more refractive lenslet arrays to form a plurality of lenslet channels. Each lenslet channel has at least one refractive lenslet and at least one non-refractive lenslet. SAMs are combined and tiled to form a scaleable display of flat panel displays. Multiple SAMs are used to increase magnification selectively. Hybrid lenslet arrays of the invention are also useable for optical processing and non-imaging applications.

Abstract: A method of producing a collimator or collimator array is constituted by the steps of: fixing long-size gradient index rod lens raw materials on a substrate having end surfaces each forming a plane so that the long-size gradient index rod lens raw materials are arranged side by side at intervals of the predetermined pitch while optical axes of the gradient index rod lens raw materials are parallel to one of the end surfaces of the substrate cutting the substrate provided with the gradient index rod lens raw materials at a predetermined position in a plane perpendicular to the optical axes of the gradient index rod lens raw materials to thereby divide the substrate provided with the gradient index rod lens raw materials into lens array parts; adjusting the divided lens array parts so that each of the gradient index rod lens raw materials in the lens array parts has a defined lens length; and arranging the lens array parts so that the cut end surfaces of the lens array parts are made to face each other while op

Abstract: An optical lens system in accordance with the present invention is arranged so that, when the micro-lens has a curved surface satisfying an inequality of (n2/n1)×sin(&thgr;max)≧1, where n1 indicates an index of refraction of a medium constituting one side of the curved surface of the lens, n2 (n1<n2) indicates an index of refraction of a medium constituting the other side of the curved surface of the lens, &thgr; indicates an incident angle of the light with respect to a plane-normal of the curved surface of the lens when the light from the light source is directed to the curved surface of the lens of the micro-lens from a side of the medium having the index of refraction of n2, and &thgr; max indicates a maximum value of the angle &thgr; in the curved surface of the micro-lens, the micro-lens array is provided so that the light from the light source is directed to the micro-lens from the side of the medium having the index of refraction of n1.

Abstract: A system and a method for illuminating spatial light modulator, where all the pixels of the SLM are illuminated symmetrically with respect to the optical axis, thus reducing the crosstalk problem. The system includes a linear array of light sources for generating a plurality of light beams, a linear array of microlenses, each of the microlenses receiving light from a corresponding light source of the array of light sources, an optical element for receiving light from the array of microlenses and for redirecting it and a spatial light modulator including an array of pixels for modulating the light. The distance between the array of microlenses and the optical element is such that all the pixels of the SLM are illuminated symmetrically with respect to the optical axis of the optical element.

Abstract: The invention relates to an imaging system for optical automatic analysers, especially fluorescence readers. On the sample side, the imaging system contains a cylindrical lens array and a prism array, which is arranged upstream of the cylindrical lens array. The prismatic effect of the prisms of the prism array lies in the direction of the cylinder axes of the cylindrical lenses. Together with a telescopic imaging system, the inventive imaging system creates a number of parallel cylindrical focussing volumes between the cylindrical lens array and a detector array, these focussing volumes being slanted towards the optical axis of the telescopic system in relation to the vertical. The arrangement enables the detection of fluorescence with a large aperture in one direction, and at the same time enables depth selective analysis of the fluorescence signal, especially the discrimination of the fluorescent radiation originating from the solution above.

Abstract: Energy of a laser beam with which a non-single crystalline semiconductor film is irradiated to be annealed is uniformly distributed. The laser beam is obtained from a solid-state laser such as a YAG laser which can easily cause interference in an optical system based on the conventional method of simply dividing and combining laser beams, but which can be maintained easily at a low cost in comparison with excimer lasers. A solid-state laser can oscillate to form a laser beam by aligning planes of polarization. Two laser beams having polarization directions independent of each other are formed by using a &lgr;/2 plate, and a plurality of laser beams are further formed by a stepped quartz block to travel over different optical path lengths. These laser beams are combined into one on or in the vicinity or an irradiation plane by an optical system, thereby forming a uniform laser beam in which interference is effectively limited and the uniformity of energy distribution is high.

Abstract: The present invention provides a micro-lens substrate wherein a higher contrast ratio can be obtained when used in a liquid crystal panel and the like. A micro-lens substrate includes a first substrate with concaves for microlenses having a plurality of first concaves and first alignment marks formed on a first glass substrate, a second substrate with concaves for microlenses having a plurality of second concaves and second alignment marks formed on a second glass substrate, a resin layer, microlenses comprised of double convex lenses formed of a resin filled in between the first and second concaves, and spacers.

Abstract: A laser illuminating apparatus for irradiating a linear spatial light modulator comprises a bar laser having a plurality of linearly arranged emitters; a lens array having a plurality of lens units less in number than the emitters and arranged parallel to the direction of arrangement of the emitters, for causing a collimated laser beam incident on the lens units to converge at the final surface of the lens units at least on a plane including the direction of arrangement of the emitters and the optical axis; and optics for creating a superimposed far field pattern, in the direction of arrangement of the emitters, of the laser beams emitted from the bar laser onto the lens array, projecting the far field patterns divided by the lens array onto the illumination area in superimposition, and projecting near field patterns, in the direction perpendicular to the direction of arrangement of the emitters, of the laser beams emitted from the bar laser on the illumination area.

Abstract: A laser system for laser crystallization of semiconductor films. It comprises a laser source (8) for producing a laser beam having a first intensity profile (10) in one transverse direction, and a lens system (12) for modifying the first intensity profile, the lens system comprising a plurality of lens elements (20a, 20b, 40a, 40b, 64a, 64b, 66a, 66b) adapted to divide the beam into a plurality of beamlets across the first intensity profile, at least one of the beamlets outputted by the lens system being inverted relative to the others, such that a desired intensity profile (50) is generated at the output of the laser system.

Abstract: An appearance inspection apparatus for inspecting a surface of a printed circuit board requires high inspection accuracy and inspection time reduction. To this end, the apparatus has a scan head that scans an object under inspection and generates image data of the surface of the object. The scan head includes a vertical light source which projects light on the surface from right above the object and a side light source which projects light sidelong on the surface. A lenticular sheet is provided between the vertical light source and the object in order to adjust the vertical light and improve the inspection accuracy in a vertical light test. In a side light test, light sources other than the central part in the vertical light source is turned on and an auxiliary light is projected along with the side light, so that the dynamic range for the inspection can increase.

Abstract: A lens system which has a first optical boundary with a radius of curvature R, a second optical boundary located substantially a distance R from the first boundary, and a third optical boundary nearer to the second optical boundary than R. Secondly, a lens system providing optical field limitation using total internal reflection. Also, an array of lenses for reproduction, capture and display of three dimensional images discussed.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a display device which can realize a magnified image. A display device comprises a display panel having a predetermined effective display region PS, a display screen, and a magnifying optical system including a first inverting optical system constituted by a first lens array in which a plurality of first lenses corresponding to the display panel are arrayed and a second inverting optical system constituted by a second lens array in which a plurality of second lenses corresponding to the first lenses are arrayed. The magnifying optical system constitutes a plurality of channels for forming on the display screen a magnified erect image for a display image on the display panel through the corresponding first and second lenses. The magnifying optical system is constructed so as to form on the display screen an image of an image point on the display panel through at least three of the channels.

Abstract: An illumination apparatus has a light-collecting reflector, a light source placed at a position of a focal point of the reflector, a first lens array for condensing light reflected by the reflector, a second lens array disposed at or near a position of a rear focal point of the first lens array, and an optical system for illuminating a surface to be illuminated, with multiple beams from the second lens array. The illumination apparatus satisfies the following condition: 0.7<K1 <1.3 where K1 =(Larc×flyf1/2fm)/(Lfly2p/2) where Larc: a length of a light-emitting portion of the light source along a direction of the optical axis, flyf1: a focal length of the first lens array, fm: a focal length of the light-collecting reflector, and Lfly2p: a length along a longitudinal direction of each lens of the second lens array.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a micro lens array comprising a step of forming a color pattern layer including a plurality of pixels in a predetermined arrangement on a light transmitting substrate, and a step of curving surfaces of the pixels in the color pattern layer corresponding to lens surfaces, wherein in the step of curving the surfaces of the pixels, the pixels are melted by heating to cause the surfaces of the pixels to be convexly curved by surface tension.

Abstract: A lens system which has a first optical boundary with a radius of curvature R, a second optical boundary located substantially a distance R from the first boundary, and a third optical boundary nearer to the second optical boundary than R. Secondly, a lens system providing optical field limitation using total internal reflection. Also, an array of lenses for reproduction, capture and display of three dimensional images discussed.

Abstract: An optical system for imaging an array of light sources includes an array of microlenses disposed to intercept light from respective light sources in the array of light sources to reduce the divergence angles of light emanating from the light sources, a first array of lenses (sometimes referred to as minilenses), a second array of lenses (minilenses), and an additional array of microlenses disposed to intercept and focus light from the second array of lenses. Each lens in the first array is sized to intercept light from a respective sub-plurality of the microlenses, and each lens in the second array intercepts and focuses light from a respective lens in the first array. The first and second arrays of minilenses are preferably configured to define a doubly-telecentric imaging system.

Abstract: There is disclosed a partially transparent, directional viewing sheet formed of plastic material with convex and concave lenses, preferably lenticular lenses, formed respectively on the front and back surfaces of the sheet, there being intervening spaces with flat or convex arcuate surfaces between the concave lenses which spaces are not transparent to images and may be imprinted with an image that is viewable through the sheet from some directions. Preferably the concave lens focal length is typically about one-half of the focal length of the convex lens. Elliptical cross-section of the lenses may minimize spherical aberration and sharpen the focus. The thickness of the sheet causes focal points of the lenses to substantially coincide.

Abstract: An image display device comprising a light modulation panel, a light conductor arranged opposite the light modulation panel and a light source connected to the light conductor. The light conductor comprises a serrated foil which reflects a light beam emitted by the light source and having a first direction of polarization, and transmits a light beam modulated by the light modulation panel and having a second direction of polarization.

Abstract: A beam homogenizer at least includes a first optical lens for dividing a light beam into N(n′−1) beams in a vertical direction, a second optical lens for dividing the light beam into (2n+1) beams in a horizontal direction, a third optical lens for recombining the beams that are divided in the vertical and horizontal directions into (n′−1) beams while superimposing the (n′−1) beams so that they are deviated from each other in the horizontal direction, and a fourth optical lens for recombining the beams that are divided in the vertical direction.

Abstract: The invention enables a sufficiently bright color image to be displayed without increasing a heating value with a simple and compact structure which is easily assembled and adjusted. A first microlens for condensing light and a second microlens for changing the travel direction of light are provided, every three pixel electrode parts in a liquid crystal panel. The travel directions of B and G rays condensed by the first microlens are changed by the second microlens, thereby allowing the principal rays to perpendicularly enter the pixel electrode part. The color ray passing through the second microlens focuses on the corresponding pixel electrode part. The first and second microlenses construct a relay optical system having the magnification of 1. Light reflected by the pixel electrode part is transformed by the same first microlens into a parallel ray bundle, and the ray bundle goes out from the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, a method of making a lens assembly with a plurality of lens arrays having a plurality of lenslets and at least one spacer having a plurality of holes, includes the steps of (i) arranging at least two lens arrays and the spacer, such that the spacer is located between the two lens arrays and the lenslets of one of the two lens arrays overlay the lenslets of another one of the two lens arrays and, the holes of the spaces are located between the corresponding lenslets of the two lens arrays; (ii) fixedly attaching the lens arrays and the spacer to one another to form an array assembly; and (iii) dividing the array assembly to create a plurality of individual lens systems. According to another aspect of the present invention, the optical assembly includes at least two lens arrays and at least one spacer with a plurality of holes. The spacer is located between the two lens arrays and is fixedly attached to the two lens arrays. The spacer has a thickness of 0.

Abstract: This invention relates to an optical system for reshaping and spatially homogenizing light beams with variable cross-section output, comprising six optical components, with three components associated to each of two orthogonal transverse directions, wherein the first component operates as a Divider component (D; DO, DV) and is formed by a number n of cylindrical lenses (D1, . . . ,Dn), where n is greater than 1, whose total dimension is not greater than the respective dimension of the light beam and whose center point lies upon the optical axis of the light beam, the second component operates as a Condenser component (C; CO, CV) and is formed by a cylindrical lens and the third component operates as a Zoom component (Z; ZO; ZV) and is formed by a cylindrical lens, and wherein, in the case the cylindrical lenses (D1, . . . Dn) have different size si(i=1, 2,. . . n), the ratio size/focal length si/fi must be constant for every i=1, 2, . . . n.

Abstract: There is provided a structure for reducing optical loss in an optical apparatus (homogenizer) for making the intensity distribution of a laser beam uniform.

Abstract: In a lens array, a multiplicity of condenser lenses, each in a convex lens form, are arrayed in vertical and horizontal directions so as to correspond to pixel regions, respectively, and each condenser lens, when viewed from a direction perpendicular to a condenser lens-arrayed plane, takes a planar shape formed with a four straight sides along four sides of the pixel region and four circular arcs extending between the respective straight sides. A center of the four circular arcs substantially coincides with a center of the corresponding pixel region. This ensures an increase in area covered with the condenser lens in the pixel region, thereby causing more light rays to enter the condenser lens. In addition, a radius of curvature necessary for collecting can be obtained more easily. Consequently, light rays can be efficiently collected and guided to light receiving sections or the like provided in the pixel regions.

Abstract: An illumination optical system includes a luminous body, and an illumination lens element through which light rays from said luminous body is diffused and emitted. The illumination lens element has peaks and troughs alternately provided on an incident surface or an exit surface thereof. A cross-sectional shape of the peaks and troughs is a curved surface defined by a periodic function which can be differentiated, or the peaks and troughs are formed by a plurality of straight lines approximating the curved surface.

Abstract: A rod lens array has a construction in which a number of rod-shaped lens elements are arrayed in at least one row between two side plates, and the clearances are filled with resin to form a single integral unit. Two side plates are formed of glass plates, the surfaces of these two glass plates facing the lens elements are flat and smooth, the outer surfaces on the opposite sides are formed with reflection-preventing portions, the side surfaces of both of the glass plates on the beam-exit side are formed with beam-shielding zones from the outer edges inwardly along almost the whole length.

Abstract: An optical device includes a plurality of lens plates spaced at specific intervals. At least one of the lens plates is provided with a lens array on at least one of its front and rear faces. The lens array is composed of a plurality of closely arranged lenses of a specific configuration. The lens array has at least one groove having a V-shaped cross-sectional configuration at a joint of adjacent lenses in at least one part of the lens array.

Abstract: A lens array unit includes first and second lens arrays cooperative with each other. The first lens array is provided with a plurality of first convex lenses and a first transparent holder formed integral with the first lenses. Each of the first lenses has first and second lens surfaces. The second lens array is provided with a plurality of second convex lenses and a second transparent holder formed integral with the second lenses Each of the second lenses has third and fourth lens surfaces. The second lens array is attached to the first lens array so that the third lens surfaces face the second lens surfaces. The lens array unit further includes a light shield mounted on the first lens array. The light shield is formed with a plurality of through-holes each facing the relevant one of the first lens surfaces.

Abstract: A lens array is provided with a plurality of lenses and a holder formed integral with the lenses. Each of the lenses includes a non-flat first lens surface and a flat second lens surface. The holder includes a first surface adjacent to the first lens surface and a second surface adjacent to the second lens surface. The second surface is formed with a plurality of recesses in each of which a light shielding layer is provided.

Abstract: The present invention is a translucent screen comprising a plurality of spherical lenses arranged in an orthohexagonal lattice structure or a tetragonal lattice structure on a two-dimensional plane, a supporting member disposed at the incident side of the spherical lenses, a diffusion plate which is disposed at the emission side of the spherical lenses where the surface at the side facing the spherical lenses is the diffusion surface, and a shield which connects the spherical lenses, defines the entrance aperture at the incident side and functions as a black matrix at the emission side, wherein the luminous flux entering diagonally is converted to the luminous flux which center is a direction approximately vertical to the main surface of the translucent screen, and are emitted.

Abstract: An erect image magnifying lens device having a higher magnification is provided. The erect image magnifying lens device comprises a display element for displaying an image; a fresnel lens provided on the display element for refracting a light emitted by the display element to a direction to magnify the image; an erect image magnifying lens consisted of stacked two micro-lens arrays and positioned in opposition to the fresnel lens; and an image plane positioned in opposition to the errect image magnifying lens, on which the image from the display element is formed.

Abstract: There are disposed two homogenizers for controlling an irradiation energy density in the longitudinal direction of a laser light transformed into a linear one which is inputtted into the surface to be irradiated. Also, there is disposed one homogenizer for controlling an irradiation energy density in a width direction of the linear laser light. According to this, the uniformity of laser annealing can be improved by the minimum number of homogenizers.

Abstract: A zoomable light beam spreader comprising first and second multiple-lens arrays includes a plurality of plano-convex lenses in correspondence with a plurality of plano-concave lenses having matched, curved optical surfaces. In a zero-power state, the two multiple-lens arrays are very closely spaced so that the matched convex and concave surfaces effectively cancel each other optically but, as the two arrays are separated coaxially along the axis of a light beam, beam divergence angle increases as a function of the distance of separation. A large amount of beam divergence is obtained when the curved surfaces of the plano-concave lenses of the second array are positioned beyond the focus points of the plano-convex lenses of the first array.

Abstract: A high performance optical imaging system can be provided by minimizing the overlapping degree m, increasing the quantity of light of the rod lens array and improving the resolving power while taking into account the irregularity of the quantity of light when a dislocation between a sensor and an optical axis of an entire rod lens array occurs. In the optical imaging system, a plurality of rod lenses with a refractive index distribution in the radial direction are arranged in two rows in a rod lens array with their optical axes in parallel to each other. This optical imaging system focuses light from a manuscript plane onto an image plane, the planes being arranged on the two sides of the rod lens array. The overlapping degree m defined as the following equation (Eq. 10) is in a range of 0.91≦m≦1.

Abstract: There is provided an improvement on homogeneity of annealing performed utilizing radiation of a laser beam on a silicon film having a large area. In a configuration wherein a linear laser beam is applied to a surface to be irradiated, optimization is carried out on the width and number of cylindrical lenses forming homogenizers 103 and 104 for controlling the distribution of radiation energy density in the longitudinal direction of the linear beam. For example, the width of the cylindrical lenses forming the homogenizers 103 and 104 is set in the range from 0.1 mm to 5 mm, and the number of the lenses is chosen such that one lens is provided for every 5 mm-15 mm along the length of the linear laser beam in the longitudinal direction thereof. This makes it possible to improve homogeneity of the radiation energy density of the linear laser in the longitudinal direction thereof.

Abstract: The present invention discloses the structure of the array lens that at least any one of the diagonal size, vertical size and lateral size of lens cell is set to almost 1/(4.5 or more) for each corresponding size of the display elements, the structure that the diagonal size of lens cell is set to almost 0.18 inch or less, the structure that the total number of lens cells is set to almost 240 or more and the structure that the lens focal distance of lens cell is set to almost 30 mm or less.

Abstract: A lens assembly is provided for causing a laser beam to form a focal spot in a recording region of an optical recording medium including a substrate. The lens assembly includes a plurality of focusing lenses each including an incidence surface for receiving the laser beam and an emitting surface for emitting the laser beam. Each focusing lens is arranged so that the emitted laser beam is caused to converge at a first focus located in contact with the substrate of the optical recording medium. The focusing lens is also arranged so that light sent from the first focus is caused to converge at a second focus located in the recording region of the optical recording medium to form the focal spot.

Abstract: In a light irradiating apparatus, a first fly-eye lens and a second fly-eye lens are disposed in succession from a light source side. A first lens having negative refractive power is disposed more adjacent to the light source side than the first fly-eye lens. A second lens having positive refractive power is disposed more adjacent to the light source side than the second fly-eye lens. The specification also discloses an image projecting apparatus for illuminating an image display element by the light emerging from the light irradiating apparatus, and projecting an image displayed on the image display element.

Abstract: A focal point detection apparatus having a plurality of detection areas comprises a view field mask disposed in the vicinity of a prearranged imaging plane of a photographing lens and provided with a plurality of view field apertures, a condenser lens provided with a plurality of lens units for respectively condensing light fluxes transmitting the plurality of view field apertures, and a re-imaging optical system provided with a plurality of re-imaging lens units for dividing a light flux transmitting each view field aperture into a pair of light fluxes transmitting different areas of the exit pupil of the photographing lens and for forming images of the respective view field apertures on light receiving means.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for picture recording that is used in image sensors in robotics, navigation and surveillance systems. Said device comprises a lighting device having several series connected lasers as a light source and a dispersing lens as well as an optical element with which high luminance laser light is emitted while complying with safety regulations.

Abstract: A projection exposure apparatus for transferring a pattern formed on a mask onto a photosensitive substrate by a scanning exposure method, includes a light source for generating a light beam having a predetermined spatial coherence, an illumination optical system for receiving the light beam from the light source and illuminating a local area on the mask with the light beam, and a device for synchronously moving the mask and the photosensitive substrate so as to transfer the pattern on the mask onto the photosensitive substrate. A direction, corresponding to a higher spatial coherence of the light beam, is made to coincide with the direction of relative scanning an illumination area and the mask in the illumination area.