Abstract: A circuit for a circuit interrupter is provided. The circuit may in include a first SCR configured to receive a first trigger signal at a gate of the first SCR, a second SCR configured to receive a second trigger signal at a gate of the second SCR, and a third SCR configured to receive a third trigger signal at a gate of the third SCR. A cathode of the first SCR may be connected to an anode of the third SCR. A cathode of the second SCR and a cathode of the third SCR may be connected to a ground. Methods of operating a circuit interrupter and a circuit are also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a module (100) for generating signals, in particular signals for opening vehicle doors or flaps. The module (100) includes: a one-piece housing (102) having a plug region (106) and a switch region (104); at least one switch, in particular a microswitch (108), which is connected releasably to the switch region (104) of the housing; and electrical contacts (110, 112), which are releasably connectable to the at least one switch and extend from the switch region (104) at least partially into the plug region (106). The electrical contacts are configured in order to produce an electrical contact with an on-board plug for transmitting an electrical signal, wherein the housing (102) is preferably releasably connectable to a vehicle component, preferably an operator element housing, and particularly preferably a door lever housing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a circuit breaker monitoring a power line. The circuit breaker is provided with a power line monitoring circuit including a leakage current detecting circuit and a state judging circuit to monitor the on-off state of the shielding wire of the power line. When there is a leakage current between the phase and neutral wire of the power line and the shielding network wire is disconnected, the circuit breaker can automatically cut off the connection between the electrical appliance and the power supply to avoid the electric shock and fire accidents.

Abstract: An electrothermal heater for an ice protection system includes a laminated heater mat which comprises a primary heater element layer, a secondary heater element layer, and at least one dielectric layer interposed between the primary and secondary heater element layers, and control apparatus which comprises power supply apparatus and a current detector. The control apparatus is configured to have (i) a first mode in which the power supply apparatus supplies a heater current to the primary heater element layer and does not supply a heater current to the secondary heater element layer and the current detector monitors the secondary heater element layer for detecting a leakage current of the heater current of the primary heater element layer indicative of burn-out of the primary heater element layer and (ii) a second mode in which the power supply apparatus supplies a heater current to the secondary heater element layer and does not supply a heater current to the primary heater element layer.

Abstract: An electrical receptacle contains a plug outlet that has a pair of contacts for electrical connection to respective hot and neutral power lines. A controlled switch, such as a TRIAC, is connected in series relationship between the outlet contact and the hot power line. Sensors in the receptacle outputs signals to a processor having an output coupled to the control terminal of the controlled switch. The processor outputs an activation signal or a deactivation signal to the controlled switch in response to received sensor signals that are indicative of conditions relative to the first and second contacts.

Abstract: An over current protection circuit and an over current protection method thereof are provided. The over current protection method includes: generating a reference current curve; detecting an operation current of an electronic device; calculating a first average slope of the reference current curve and a second average slope of a variation curve of the operation current; and determining whether to activate an over current protection mechanism by comparing the first average slope and the second average slope during an over current detection mechanism.

Abstract: A system and method for managing residual energy in a charging component is disclosed herein. Managing residual energy includes detecting an electrical parameter of the charging component and the electrically connected battery pack and generating a residual datum. The residual datum is transmitted to a computing device. The computing device identifies a residual element, generates an alert datum, and executes a security measure.

Abstract: A direct current (DC) power combiner operable to interconnect multiple interconnected photovoltaic strings is disclosed. The DC power combiner may include a device adapted for disconnecting at least one photovoltaic string from the multiple interconnected photovoltaic strings, each photovoltaic string connectible by a first and second DC power line. The device may include a differential current sensor adapted to measure differential current by comparing respective currents in the first and second DC power lines. A first switch is connected in series with the first DC power line. A control module is operatively attached to the differential current sensor and the first switch. The control module may be operable to open the first switch when the differential current sensor measures the differential current to be greater than a maximum allowed current differential, thereby disconnecting the photovoltaic string from the interconnected photovoltaic strings.

Abstract: A DC high voltage cut-off device includes at least one cut-off module, having: a main cut-off apparatus in a main branch, a general surge protector in an absorption branch, and a changeover branch, with at least one changeover capacitor wherein: a first plasma tube switch in the changeover branch, a pre-charge circuit of the changeover capacitor, a changeover surge protector, in parallel with the changeover capacitor, and having a protection voltage lower than a nominal operating voltage of the cut-off module and, by at least one pilotable switch which supplies the first plasma tube switch with a voltage derived from an electric voltage between the armatures of the changeover capacitor.

Abstract: An insulation monitoring method and system for a traction battery and an apparatus are proposed to solve the problem of how to accurately predict a risk of insulation deterioration of the traction battery before the insulation deterioration occurs on the traction battery, so as to provide an early warning about failures in the traction battery. In this method, data statistics on a large amount of insulation resistance values within a long period of time are collected, and whether the traction battery has the risk of insulation deterioration is determined by analysis based on a data statistical result; and if the traction battery has the risk of insulation deterioration, alarm information is output. In this method, based on data statistical analysis performed on the large amount of insulation resistance values within a long period of time, insulation deterioration can be predicted before the insulation deterioration occurs on the traction battery.

Abstract: Multi-pole and single-pole circuit breakers include a housing and a reset lockout mechanism disposed within the housing. The reset lockout mechanism disables electrical communication between line and load terminals of the circuit breaker if a predefined condition exists. Some circuit breakers include a single actuator, transition between ON and OFF states, and are capable of performing test functions. The test functions may involve testing AFCI and/or GFCI functions of the circuit breakers. The test functions may be performed when the circuit breaker transitions from an OFF state to an ON state. Some circuit breakers including a reset lockout mechanism may be powered only on its line side. Some circuit breakers provide an electrical indication when they are in the OFF state.

Abstract: A common-mode current sensor system and method for a traction inverter of an electric hybrid vehicle. The system and method detects/reduces excess common-mode currents that can be caused by the presence of alternating current (AC)-chassis type short circuit faults at the outputs of an inverter used for driving a two or more-phased load. In an embodiment, the system detects the presence of an AC-chassis fault of any varying strength, e.g., weak, medium, hard, in respective parallel paths. The system and method can isolate a particular AC-chassis type fault to a particular phase leg of the inverter thereby obviating a need of having to shut-down and/or re-program each phase leg of the whole power supply and vehicle operation. Rather, upon detecting a chassis short, a fault signal is asserted to control shutting down of one or more inverter switches without having to shut-down the vehicle or negatively impact the vehicle status.

Abstract: Methods/systems employ randomly jittered under-sampling to reduce a sampling rate required to estimate the amplitude of high-frequency signals in circuit breakers, power meters, and other digital signal processing applications. The methods/systems can greatly reduce the nominal sampling rate for applications where RMS, peak and mean estimates of the signal are desired for both the entire band-limited signal and separate estimates for each frequency component. This can in turn result in large cost savings, as less complex and thus less expensive controllers and related components may be used to perform the sampling. As well, the methods/systems herein can provide reasonably accurate waveform estimates that allow additional cost savings in bill of materials (BOM) and printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) footprint and real-estate by eliminating the need for certain analog components, such as signal conditioning components.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in a power delivery system, the apparatus comprising: a DC circuit breaker having first and second terminals and configured to automatically switch from a closed state to an open state during an overcurrent condition; a disconnector switch in series with the DC circuit breaker, the disconnector switch having a first terminal for connecting to a first polarity terminal of a DC power supply, a second terminal for connecting to a second polarity terminal of the DC power supply and a common terminal connected to the first terminal of the DC circuit breaker, the disconnector switch having at least a first position in which the first terminal is connected to the common terminal and a second position in which the second terminal is connected to the common terminal; and an interlock mechanism coupled to the DC circuit breaker and the disconnector switch, the interlock mechanism configured to disable the DC circuit breaker from automatically switching from the closed state to the open state during

Abstract: The discharge detector of the present invention includes a filter circuit configured to pass a noise superimposed on the current or voltage in a predetermined frequency range; an amplifier configured to amplify a level of the noise passed through the filter circuit; and a processor configured to detect occurrence of discharge based on the noise level amplified by the amplifier. The processor is set to have a threshold related to the noise level and a determination time to determine whether discharge has occurred. The processor is capable of selectively executing either one of a discharge detection mode or a learning mode. The processor in the learning mode executes the process of sampling the noise at the level of the threshold or more and resetting the value of the setting of the determination time based on a result of the sampling.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for providing point heat detectors based on surface mounted thermistors are described herein. One circuit board for a point heat detector of a fire sensing system includes a circuit board body having number of corners, at least one hole provided in the circuit board body proximate to one of the corners, and a surface mounted thermistor mounted on at least one corner.

Abstract: In a method for operating an inverter assembly and inverter assembly for carrying out the method, to reduce the risk of triggering a ground fault circuit interrupter, before feeding in the alternating voltage, the leakage capacitance to ground is determined at the DC input of each inverter, and which AC output is connected to which line of the supply network is determined, and, taking into consideration the leakage capacitance and a defined maximum leakage current and the connection situation at the AC output, the power units are asymmetrically modulated so that the amplitudes of the voltages at the AC outputs of the power units differ in size. The voltage with the greater amplitude comes about at the AC output of this power unit connected to the phase connection. The voltage with the lower amplitude comes about at the AC output of the power unit connected to the neutral conductor.

Abstract: A system includes a first circuit breaker comprising a first solid state switch, first mechanical contacts, and a current sensor structured to sense current flowing through the first circuit breaker, and a second circuit breaker electrically coupled to the first circuit breaker and being structured to interrupt current flowing to the first circuit breaker, wherein the first circuit breaker is structured to transmit, to the second circuit breaker, a request upon detecting a failure mode, and wherein the second circuit breaker is structured to interrupt current flowing to the first circuit breaker in response to receiving the request, and the first circuit breaker is further structured to open the first mechanical contacts when the current flowing through the first circuit breaker drops to a predetermined level.

Abstract: Architectures or techniques are presented that can learn relationships between graphical elements presented by a user interface and physical conditions that exist in an environment. Furthermore, the architectures or techniques can, potentially based on the learned information, present the graphical elements to the user interface in a manner that is determined to be more efficient. For example, graphical elements that were historically accessed when a particular physical condition is true can be identified. These identified graphical elements can then be presented in a location of the user interface that is determined to be favorable to rapid or efficient selection at times with the particular physical condition is determined to be satisfied.

Abstract: A current measurement system is configured to measure an alternating-current (AC) current flowing through a conductor. The AC current has a frequency within a measurement range. The system includes a current sensor and a shunt resistor. The current sensor includes a measurement coil configured to be magnetically coupled to the conductor. The shunt resistor has both ends electrically connected to both ends of the measurement coil, respectively. An output voltage across the both ends of the shunt resistor is saturated at a saturation point in a saturation frequency of the frequency of the AC current. An upper limit value of the measurement range including the frequency is higher than a fundamental frequency of the AC current. The saturation frequency is higher than or equal to the upper limit value. The current measurement system improves sensitivity to frequency components higher than the fundamental frequency of the AC current.

Abstract: A method for automatically detecting a sensor coupled to an electronic computer including steps of detecting the sensor and steps of configuring a hardware interface.

Abstract: An electrical meter including a housing including a socket interface operable to connect to a facility. The meter further including a sensor configured to sense a characteristic of the electrical meter. The meter further including a controller having an electronic processor and a memory. The electronic processor is configured to receive, from the sensor, a signal indicative of the electrical characteristic, determine, based on the signal, presence of a hot socket, and output an alert based on determining presence of the hot socket.

Abstract: Circuit breakers may perform a variety of operations, including isolating a faulty part of the power system that may result in a cascading outage. However, circuit breaker operations may cause wear and tear of the tripping assembly components, which eventually cause the circuit breaker to wear out. Additionally, long periods of non-operations may cause the mechanical parts inside a circuit breaker to move sluggishly or, in some instances, fail to move at all. In an embodiment, a system includes a circuit breaker that trips to control power flow and an intelligent electronic device (IED) including an electronic display. The IED receives measurement data associated with a trip event for the circuit breaker, generates a current profile based on the measurement data, and presents the current profile via the electronic display.

Abstract: A LCDI power cord circuit is provided. The circuit includes energizing shielded wires and monitoring the energized shields for surges, e.g., arcing, and/or voltage drops, e.g., shield breaks detected by a Power Cord Fault Circuit (PCFC). In addition to shield breaks the PCFC also monitors the energized shields for shield degradation due to, for example, galvanic corrosion.

Abstract: A circuit interrupting device comprises a conductor capable of generating heat and a temperature-activated, permanent lock out trip mechanism. The mechanism includes a plunger, a compressed or stretched spring and a fusible metal to hold the plunger. The mechanism is located near the conductor that generates heat and is configured such that when the fusible metal melts when at least one heating element is energized or a holding wire fuses when energized in response to a failed self-test the plunger is released: allowing the compressed or stretched spring to convert its potential energy into kinetic energy and moving the plunger to generate a force to unlatch a latch releasing a first spring to open a contactor switch removing power from an electrical circuit. The constant force generated by the compressed or stretched spring on the plunger inhibits the circuit interrupting device from resetting.

Abstract: A cell balancing module according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a main board on which a plurality of cell balancing resistors are mounted; at least one sub-board on which a plurality of cell balancing resistors are mounted and which is formed above the main board while being spaced a predetermined distance apart therefrom; and at least one connector which supports the sub-board to be spaced apart from the main board and electrically connects the sub-board to the main board.

Abstract: An imaging pixel formed by a photodetector connected to a reading circuit comprising: an integration capacitance, a transistor for resetting the integration capacitance, a coupling transistor between the photodetector and the integration capacitance, a memorisation capacitance, a second transistor for resetting the memorisation capacitance, a memorisation switch between the integration capacitance and the memorisation capacitance, to enable different configurations corresponding to different phases of assessing parameters of the pixel and in particular a ratio R=Cint/Cmem.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a detection device for detecting a fault current (Ifault) at a PV generator and/or at DC lines of a PV installation assigned to the PV generator. The PV generator has at least one first PV string and a second PV string, which are connected to a PV inverter of the PV installation via in each case two DC lines. In this case, the detection device has at least one current transformer and an evaluation circuit connected to the at least one current transformer. The current transformer can be used jointly by the first PV string and the second PV string, wherein a measurement signal of the jointly usable current transformer represents a difference between a first summation current (Isum,1) flowing from the first PV string towards the ground potential (PE) and a second summation current (Isum,2) flowing from the second PV string towards the ground potential (PE).

Abstract: An arc detection system includes an obtainer and a determiner. The obtainer obtains a measurement result for current flowing in a power supply line to which power is supplied from a DC power source. The determiner determines, based on a component of a specific frequency band in the measurement result for the current obtained by the obtainer, whether an arc fault has occurred. The determiner determines that the arc fault has occurred when a specific time for which the component of the specific frequency band is at least a threshold is longer than an occurrence time in which an arc can occur when a device is attached to or detached from the power supply line.

Abstract: A system and method for nuisance-trip decision management in an electric power system using data analytics comprising, a protection system, PS, and at least one electrical protection circuit, EPC. The PS comprising, a plurality of sensors configured to measure data; a memory configured to store an updated data of nuisance-trip events and a plurality of nuisance-trip parameters detected or generated on the electric power system over a period; a processor configured to perform hybrid machine learning (HML) based on the measured data from the plurality of sensors for a nuisance-trip condition and communicate with a neighboring PS; a protection microcontroller configured to allow or avoid tripping at least one electronic tripping circuit provided in the at least one EPC by communicating with the processor and the neighboring PS.

Abstract: An arc detection device includes: a current detector that includes a magnetic core penetrated by first and second paths each connecting a DC power source and a device, and detects a current flowing through each of the first and second paths in accordance with a magnetic field generated at the magnetic core; a low impedance circuit having a lower impedance than the DC power source and the device, the low impedance circuit being connected to the first path and the second path to cause a high frequency component to bypass one of the first path or the second path; and an arc determiner that determines an occurrence of an arc based on a current detected by the current detector. In the magnetic core, a direct current flows through the first path in a direction opposite to a direction in which a direct current flows through the second path.

Abstract: A power supply system to provide power to a load connected between first and second connectors. The system includes a generator that produces an alternating current generator output and a rectifier that receives the alternating current generator output and converts it into a direct current output and provides the direct current (DC) output between the first and second connectors. The system also includes a filter connected to the rectifier and between the connectors and that smooths the DC output. The filter includes a midpoint configured to be connected to ground. The system also includes a fault clearing source connected to the first connector that provides a clearing voltage to the first connector when a ground fault occurs on the first connector.

Abstract: A circuit fault detection apparatus includes an AD conversion circuit, a corrector, a threshold value setting device and a fault detector. The AD conversion circuit detects a voltage corresponding to a current flowing through a circuit fault detection element connected to the electric circuit or a voltage applied to the circuit fault detection element, and converts the voltage to a digital value. The corrector corrects the digital value or a measurement value as a voltage value representative of the digital value to a corrected measurement value. The threshold value setting device sets a threshold value closer to a normal value side than a limit value of the corrected measurement value determined based on a convertible range of the AD conversion circuit. The fault detector detects whether the fault occurs in the electric circuit, based on comparison between the threshold value and the corrected measurement value.

Abstract: A vehicle power system includes at least one main switch to electrically connect a traction battery and electric machine, at least one DC charge switch to electrically connect the traction battery and a DC charge port when the at least one main switch is closed, and a controller to, while the DC charge port is disconnected from a DC power source, sequentially close the at least one DC charge switch and then the at least one main switch.

Abstract: A leakage current detection and interruption device for power cord includes a switch module, a leakage current detection module, an open circuit detection module, and a trigger module. The switch module controls the electrical connection between input and output ends of the power cord. The leakage current detection module has two leakage current detection lines to collect leakage current on the power supply lines of the power cord. The open circuit detection module is coupled to the leakage current detection module, and generates an open-circuit fault signal when an open circuit exists in at least one of the two leakage current detection lines. The trigger module is coupled to the switch module and the open circuit detection module, and receives a leakage fault signal and/or the open-circuit fault signal, and in response thereto, drives the switch module to disconnect the electrical connection between the input and output ends.

Abstract: An end effector for use with a surgical stapling instrument is disclosed. The end effector comprises a first jaw, a second jaw movable relative to the first jaw to grasp tissue therebetween, and a staple cartridge. The staple cartridge comprises staples deployable into the tissue. The end effector further comprises a magnetic sensor configured to measure a parameter indicative of an identifying characteristic of the staple cartridge, an impedance sensor configured to measure a parameter indicative of an impedance of the tissue, and a processing unit in communication with the impedance sensor. The processing unit is configured to determine a property of the tissue based on an output of the impedance sensor.

Abstract: A disconnection detecting system for detecting disconnection of any of a plurality of wires included in a cable is provided. The disconnection detecting system includes: a bending mechanism configured to periodically apply force to the cable so as to cause the cable to reciprocate between a first bending state to be bent in one direction of clockwise and counterclockwise directions and a second bending state to be bent in the other direction; and a measuring apparatus configured to measure a resistance value of the cable, which varies on a time series basis in accordance with the reciprocation of the bending mechanism, and extract a component of a bending frequency for reciprocating between the first and second bending states once from frequency components included in time-series variation in the resistance value of the cable. The disconnection is detected on a basis of amplitude of the component of the bending frequency.

Abstract: A circuit interrupting device including a phase conductor, a neutral conductor, an interrupter configured to disconnect the phase conductor and the neutral conductor from a load, and a sensor configured to generate a signal indicative of current flowing through the phase conductor and the neutral conductor. The circuit interrupting device further includes a microcontroller that includes an electronic processor and is electrically connected to the first sensor and the interrupter. The microcontroller is configured to generate a reference signal, receive a first signal from the sensor, determine whether a difference between a voltage of the first signal and a voltage of the reference signal exceeds a threshold, determine whether the microcontroller has performed a ground fault self-test, and activate the interrupter when the difference exceeds the threshold and the microcontroller has not performed the ground fault self-test.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for providing point heat detectors based on surface mounted thermistors are described herein. One circuit board for a point heat detector of a fire sensing system includes a circuit board body having number of corners, at least one hole provided in the circuit board body proximate to one of the corners, and a surface mounted thermistor mounted on at least one corner.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises processing circuitry configured to receive a first model and a second model; determine difference information that is representative of a difference between the first model and the second model and/or between the first task and the second task and/or between the first domain and the second domain; and generate a third model using the first model, the second model and the difference information, wherein the generating of the third model comprises training the third model to perform both of the first task and the second task and/or to operate on both the first domain and the second domain.

Abstract: Safety power disconnection for remote power distribution in power distribution systems is disclosed. The power distribution system includes one or more power distribution circuits each configured to remotely distribute power from a power source over current carrying power conductors to remote units to provide power for remote unit operations. A remote unit is configured to decouple power from the power conductors thereby disconnecting the load of the remote unit from the power distribution system. A current measurement circuit in the power distribution system measures current flowing on the power conductors and provides a current measurement to the controller circuit. The controller circuit is configured to disconnect the power source from the power conductors for safety reasons in response to detecting a current from the power source in excess of a threshold current level indicating a load.

Abstract: A plug has a power supply module, a leakage detection module, a timing module, an input terminal for external power supply and an output terminal for outputting voltage, a current loop is formed between the input terminal and the output terminal, the power module is connected to an external power source through the input terminal, the power module includes a rectifier unit D3 and a power control unit, the input of the rectifier unit D3 and the input terminal are electrically connected. The invention has the function of automatically disconnecting the line output when the line has leakage, protecting the plug and the externally connected electrical appliances, and at the same time, it can automatically perform self-checking at regular intervals to check whether the leakage protection function can be used normally, thereby improving the plug's reliability.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a semiconductor device is disclosed. The semiconductor device includes a plurality of output pins. Each of the output pins is electrically connected to an input pin of a buzzer and to a buzzer driver. The buzzer driver is configured to cause the buzzer to emit an audible sound. The semiconductor device further includes a plurality of ground switches. Each ground switch is configured to connect a corresponding output pin of the plurality of output pins to ground when closed. The semiconductor device further includes a current generator that is configured to supply a test current to a given output pin of the plurality of output pins and a clamp switch that is configured to connect the given output pin to an analog-to-digital converter.

Abstract: A method for determining phase locking of critical arc light includes: step 1: monitoring and collecting light radiation intensity of an arc inside a switch cabinet in real time, and converting the collected light radiation intensity into an electrical signal; step 2: extracting a power-frequency fundamental wave of the electrical signal, comparing an amplitude of the power-frequency fundamental wave of the electrical signal with a first threshold, and generating a pre-warning signal based on a comparison result of the first threshold; step 3: comparing the amplitude of the power-frequency fundamental wave of the electrical signal with a second threshold voltage, and generating a control signal based on a comparison result of the second threshold voltage and a protection time threshold; and step 4: protecting the switch cabinet under the critical arc light environment based on the pre-warning signal and the control signal.

Abstract: A device (9) for protecting a direct current electrical system (1) having one or more modules (2) from electric arcs comprises: a first sensor (10) provided with a first ring of ferromagnetic material configured to generate a first signal, representing a oscillating component of a current flowing through a cable inserted into the ring; a conditioning stage (12), having a bandpass filter, for conditioning the first signal; a first threshold comparator (13); a counter (15); a processor (14); a second sensor (19), configured to generate a second signal representing a direct current component of the current flowing through the cable; a second threshold comparator (20).

Abstract: A method is for detecting a ground fault in a load zone that can be connected to a direct-current network. The load zone includes a first load zone line connectable to a first main line of the direct-current network via a circuit breaker, and a second load zone line connectable to a second main line of the direct-current network via an interrupter switch. In an embodiment of the method, at least one line voltage at a load zone line is continually measured. If a ground fault is not detected at any main line of the direct-current network before the load zone is connected, the interrupter switch is closed while the circuit breaker is open, and a ground fault in the load zone is inferred if at least one line voltage does not significantly change after the interrupter switch is closed.

Abstract: A motor drive device includes a reactor, a converter circuit, a capacitor, an inverter circuit, and overcurrent determination units. The converter circuit converts a first AC voltage output from an AC power supply into a DC voltage. The capacitor smooths a second voltage on the DC side of the converter circuit. The inverter circuit converts DC power stored in the capacitor into AC power. One of the overcurrent determination units determines overcurrent based on a detected value of the first AC current, flowing between the AC power supply and the converter circuit. Another overcurrent determination unit determines overcurrent based on a detected value of the second DC current, flowing between the converter circuit and the capacitor. The converter and inverter circuits stop operating when the determination result of one of the overcurrent determination units indicates an overcurrent.

Abstract: In earth leakage detection device, one end of coupling capacitor is connected to a current path of power storage unit connected to load in a state of being insulated from the ground. Voltage output unit generates a periodically changing periodic voltage, and applies the periodic voltage to the other end of coupling capacitor via first resistor. Second resistor and third resistor are connected in series between a node between coupling capacitor and first resistor and a predetermined fixed potential. Voltage measurement unit measures a voltage at a voltage dividing point between second resistor and third resistor. Earth leakage determination unit determines presence or absence of an earth leakage between the current path of power storage unit and the ground based on the measured voltage.

Abstract: A conducting busbar (2, 4) suitable for use in a semiconductor power module (8) is provided. The busbar (2, 4) comprises a main plate (210, 410), one or more legs (220, 420) extending from the main plate (210, 410), and one or more feet (230, 430) formed at the free end of the legs (220, 420). According to the invention, the intersection line (L) between at least one of the legs (220, 420) and the associated foot (230, 430) forms an offset angle (?) with respect to the longitudinal direction (X) of the main plate (210, 410).

Abstract: A wiring device including an interrupting device and a controller. The interrupting device electrically connecting one or more line terminals to one or more load terminals when the interrupting device is in a reset condition and disconnecting the line terminals from the load terminals when the interrupting device is in a tripped condition. The controller has an electronic processor and a memory. The controller is configured to monitor a current of the one or more line terminals, identify a presence of an in-rush condition, wherein an in-rush of the current exists when the one or more cycles of current conform with a decay progression envelope, and prevent the tripped condition upon identifying the in-rush condition.