Abstract: An apparatus and method is disclosed for segment routing (SR). In one embodiment, the method includes a node creating a segment stack that identifies one segment calculated using a first algorithm and a second segment calculated using a second, different algorithm. The node then attaches this header to a packet and sends it to another node.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device in a network identifies a shortest path tree for a point of local repair in the network that excludes at least one link between the point of local repair and a neighbor of the point of local repair in the network. The device evaluates member nodes of a branch of the shortest path tree, to form a list of repair segments. The device further causes one or more segment routing labels to be added to a header of a packet based on the repair segment list and in response to a failure in the network associated with the at least one link excluded from the shortest path tree.

Abstract: A device may monitor a network port for an address resolution protocol (ARP) request from a sender device. The device may detect the ARP request based on monitoring the network port for the ARP request. The device may identify a target protocol address included in the ARP request. The device may configure a protocol address of the device using the target protocol address.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture (e.g., physical storage media) to reroute tunnel traffic in a network are disclosed. Example methods disclosed herein include, in response to detecting an event associated with routing first traffic in the network, determining a plurality of paths to carry respective traffic for a plurality of tunnels between pairs of routers in the network, the plurality of paths being determined based on a quality metric characterizing an aggregate tunnel bandwidth to be carried by the plurality of paths for the plurality of tunnels. Such disclosed example methods also include sending first routing information describing the plurality of paths to the routers in the network to cause the routers to route the respective traffic for the plurality of tunnels using the plurality of paths.

Abstract: A system, computer readable medium, and method are provided for a resource management in a cloud architecture. The method includes the steps of collecting a first time stamped data (TSD), and a second TSD, and generating a prediction model based on the first TSD and the second TSD. The method further includes collecting a third TSD, and predicting a fourth TSD based on the prediction model and the third TSD. With more data are obtained via the prediction, the resource management is more efficient and accurate.

Abstract: A parallel processing apparatus including a plurality of compute nodes and a management node including a first processor configured to execute a process including collecting failure information regarding a plurality of ports of the plurality of compute nodes, and transmitting, to the plurality of compute nodes, failed port information including information on a failed port of the plurality of ports when an update in the failure information is detected in the collecting, wherein each of the plurality of compute nodes includes a second processor configured to execute a process including determining a retransmission route based on the failed port information when an inter-compute node communication in a low-level communication library has failed, and re-executing the inter-node communication by using the determined retransmission route.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for validating routing table information in a network. A network assurance appliance may be configured to retrieve routing table information from a plurality of nodes in a network fabric. The routing table information includes path information from at least one source node to at least one destination node. A graph representation of the routing table information is constructed with the at least one destination node as a sink vertex for the graph representation. The network assurance appliance determines, for each leaf node in the network fabric, whether the leaf node can reach the sink vertex based on the graph representation and determines that there is a misconfiguration of the network fabric based on whether each leaf node in the fabric can reach the sink vertex.

Abstract: A gateway RB may search for an ARP entry of the destination IP address of an IP packet. The gateway RB may generate an Ethernet header based on a VLAN identification and a MAC address in the found ARP entry and a first local MAC address. The gateway RB may generate an Ethernet packet by adding the generated Ethernet header to the IP packet, and send out the Ethernet packet via an egress port in the found ARP entry; wherein the founded ARP entry is generated by the gateway RB based on a received TRILL-encapsulated ARP packet and a VSI on the gateway RB associating with the first local MAC address and the destination IP address of the IP packet belong to the same VLAN.

Abstract: A method for migrating a service of a data center is disclosed. When an active data center is faulty, a tunnel processing device disables a locally-saved tunnel entry of a server in the active data center. After receiving a service access request packet from a customer edge router, the tunnel processing device acquires an IP address of a tunnel processing module deployed on a server in a standby data center according to an IP address of a destination virtual machine, encapsulates the service access request packet and routes the encapsulated packet to the tunnel processing module, so as to migrate a data center service from the active data center to the standby data center.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of determining, by a network manager, a failure in a ring communications network, including determining a plurality of ring segments within different services of a plurality of services using the ring communications network, determining that there are two or more link failures in the ring communications network, determining the ring segments where the two or more link failures are located, and indicating an interruption of one of the services when the two or more failed links are on different ring segments.

Abstract: An example embodiment includes a plurality of flight modules including a primary flight module and a secondary flight module. The embodiment includes a CAN controller, a second CAN controller, a first CAN bus configured to transmit primary control signals from the first CAN controller to the primary flight module and to the secondary flight module, and a second CAN bus configured to transmit secondary control signals from the second CAN controller to the primary flight module and the secondary flight module. The primary flight module is configured to perform functions responsive to receiving the primary control signals, and not in response to receiving the secondary control signals and the secondary flight module is configured to perform functions responsive to receiving the secondary control signals, and not in response to receiving the primary control signals.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method for transferring data in a power system includes an energy management system assigning a different service number to each of types of data, transferring a service number corresponding to specific data from a server to the energy management system, transferring the data corresponding to the transferred service number from the energy management system in a broadcast manner, and the server receiving the data transferred from the energy management system in the broadcast manner.

Abstract: Techniques are described for establishing lower priority LSPs on paths determined to be less likely to include bandwidth constrained links. In one example, a router includes a plurality of physical interfaces each having at least one link interconnecting the router as one of a plurality of routers in a network and a processor. The processor is configured to determine whether a link of one of the plurality of physical interfaces is congested based at least in part on an amount of available bandwidth on the link, and, responsive to determining that the link is congested, set a bandwidth subscription for the link, wherein the bandwidth subscription specifies that the amount of available bandwidth on the link for label switched paths having a lower priority is less than the amount of available bandwidth on the link for label switched paths having a higher priority.

Abstract: In some examples, a switching system includes a plurality of fabric endpoints and a multi-stage switching fabric having a plurality of fabric planes each having a plurality of stages to switch data units between any of the plurality of fabric endpoints. A fabric endpoint of the fabric endpoints is configured to send, to a switch of a first one of the stages and within a first fabric plane of the plurality of fabric planes, a self-ping message destined for the fabric endpoint. The fabric endpoint is configured to send, in response to determining the fabric endpoint has not received the self-ping message after a predetermined time, an indication of a connectivity fault for the first fabric plane.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for using segment routing (SR) in native IP networks. The method involves receiving a packet. The packet is an IP packet and includes an IP header. The method also involves updating the packet. Updating the packet involves writing information, including a segment routing segment identifier, to the destination address of the packet.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide such a sealing structure that a material to be a deterioration factor such as water or oxygen is prevented from entering from external and sufficient reliability is obtained in a display using an organic or inorganic electroluminescent element. In view of the above object, focusing on permeability of an interlayer insulating film, deterioration of an electroluminescent element is suppressed and sufficient reliability is obtained by preventing water entry from an interlayer insulating film according to the present invention.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a system includes control apparatus and server. Control apparatus includes collector, transmitter, receiver and main controller. Collector collects sensing data concerning control targets in social infrastructure. Transmitter transmits collected sensing data to server. Receiver receives control instruction from server. Main controller controls control targets based on control instruction. Server includes acquisition unit, database, generator and instructor. Acquisition unit acquires sensing data from control apparatus. Database stores sensing data. Generator generates control instruction by processing sensing data. Instructor transmits generated control instruction to control apparatus.

Abstract: An optical network including a plurality of gateway nodes interconnected with a plurality of intermediate nodes with segments of fiber. The network includes a plurality of devices, such as reconfigurable optical add drop multiplexers, optimally placed at various nodes throughout the network. The device placement is optimized with an integer linear programming analysis considering span definition such that any given span involves some number of segments not exceeding a number of segments that would require wavelength regeneration, cost of placement of a device at a given node, cost of wavelength regeneration, and various parameters and constraints.

Abstract: Systems and methods for maintaining a current map of a workspace using on-demand sensors and fixed sensors are described herein. For example, a system may include a fixed sensor positioned within the workspace, an on-demand sensor available for selective deployment in the workspace, and a computing device. The computing device may maintain a digital map of the workspace, identify a region in the workspace for collection of additional sensor information, and cause the on-demand sensor to gather the additional sensor information for updating the digital map.

Abstract: In one of its aspects the technology disclosed herein concerns a communications system comprising an access node (22) and a wireless terminal (26). A wireless terminal comprises receiver circuitry and processor circuitry. The receiver circuitry receives wireless communications over an air interface from a radio access network. The processor circuitry changes from using a first periodicity to using a second periodicity to detect a synchronization signal included in the received wireless communications.

Abstract: A system and method of condition based maintenance of a fiber network includes a processor and memory having instructions that when executed cause the system to transmit an optical signal over a plurality of fiber links in the fiber network; receive a response signal in response to the transmitting of the optical signal; and determine one or more condition indicators in response to the receiving of the response signal.

Abstract: A network device receives multicast packets that include information identifying destinations in the network, identifies next hops associated with the destinations, and populates a cache with the destinations and addresses of the identified next hops. The network device receives a particular multicast packet that includes information identifying particular destinations included in the cache, identifies one or more next hops for the particular destinations from the cache, and forwards the particular multicast packet to the identified one or more next hops to permit the identified one or more next hops to forward the multicast packet toward the particular destinations.

Abstract: Techniques are described for separating control plane functions in a network device using virtual machines. The techniques include initializing multiple virtual machine instances in a control unit of a standalone router, and running different control processes for the router in each of the virtual machines. For example, in a root system domain (RSD)-protected system domain (PSD) system, a control unit of the standalone router may support a RSD virtual machine (VM) and one or more PSD VMs configured to form logical devices and execute logically separate control processes without requiring physically separate, hardware-independent routing engines to form the PSDs. Each of the RSD VM and PSD VMs includes a separate kernel, an operating system, and control processes for the logical device. When a software failure occurs in the PSD VM, the PSD VM may perform a software failover without affecting the operation of the RSD VM.

Abstract: Gateway device (100), adapted to couple a first network with a second network, comprising: a first network interface device (102) coupled by a first interface to a first network and having a second interface; a second network interface device (104) coupled by a first interface with the second network and having a second interface; a network coupling device (103) adapted to transmit in a first status no data from the second interface of the second network interface device (104) to the second interface of the first network interface device (102) on the physical layer and adapted to transmit in a second status data from the second interface of the first network interface device (102) to the second interface of the second network interface device (104); wherein said network coupling device (103) includes a switching device (126, 128) coupled to a conductor (130, 134) coupling the second interface of the first network interface device (102) and second network interface device (104); wherein the switching device (1

Abstract: This application provides a method for deciding on handling a failure of a stacking system, where the method includes: collecting values of a decision parameter for respective groups after the stacking system is divided; and applying a preset reserve strategy according to the values of the decision parameter for the respective groups to decide on one of the groups to be reserved.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is disclosed for segment routing (SR) over label distribution protocol (LDP). In one embodiment, the method includes a node receiving a packet with an attached segment ID. In response, the node may attach a label to the packet. Thereafter, the node may forward the packet with the attached label and segment ID to another node via a label switched path (LSP).

Abstract: Various systems and methods for using strict path forwarding. For example, one method involves receiving an advertisement at a node. The advertisement includes a segment identifier (SID). In response to receiving the advertisement, the node determines whether the SID is a strict SID or not. If the SID is a strict SID, the node generates information, such as forwarding information, that indicates how to forward packets along a strict shortest path corresponding to the strict SID.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a data transmission method, an apparatus and a terminal. The method includes: establishing a plurality of physical connections between a first network element and a second network element; establishing a plurality of virtual connections on each of the physical connections; selecting a first virtual connection from the plurality of virtual connections based on a pre-determined rule; and executing a data transmission process on the selected first virtual connection. By using the present disclosure, the issues of poor transmission quality and waste of resources when using a TCP connection in the relevant art to perform data transmission may be solved, thereby improving the transmission efficiency of data.

Abstract: Technologies for increasing the bandwidth of partitioned hierarchical networks is disclosed. If each partition of network groups of a computer network are isolated, then the connections between the network groups of different partitions may go unused. However, careful selection of the network connections between partitions of different network groups may allow for a pseudo-direct connection between two network groups of the same partition using a single non-blocking switch in a network group of a different partition. Such a configuration can increase the effective bandwidth available within a partition without affecting the bandwidth available in another partition.

Abstract: A method and system is implemented in a network node that functions as a controller for a domain in a split architecture network. The domain comprises a plurality of flow switches, where the plurality of flow switches implement a data plane for the split architecture network and the controller implements a control plane for the split architecture network that is remote from the data plane. The method and system configure the plurality of flow switches to efficiently handle each type of broadcast packet in the domain of the split architecture network without flooding the domain with the broadcast packets to thereby reduce a number of broadcast packets forwarded within the domain.

Abstract: A method, communications processing device, and computer readable medium for MPLS segment routing are disclosed. One embodiment of the method comprises generating a first link-state packet comprising a first data structure. The first data structure maps a first portcode to a link connecting the first router within the network or to an additional router reachable from the first router. The method embodiment further includes receiving an incoming data packet encapsulated with a header comprising an incoming portcode stack having the first portcode as its uppermost portcode. The method embodiment further includes removing the first portcode from the incoming portcode stack to create an outgoing portcode stack for an outgoing data packet, and forwarding the outgoing data packet via a port, of the first router, identified by the first portcode.

Abstract: Techniques are described for specifying and constructing multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) rings. Routers may signal membership within MPLS rings and automatically establish ring-based label switch paths (LSPs) as components of the MPLS rings for packet transport within ring networks. In one example, a router includes a processor configured to output Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) messages, as described herein, to establish an MPLS ring having a plurality of ring LSPs. Each of the ring LSPs is configured to transport MPLS packets around the ring network to a different one of the routers operating as an egress router for the respective ring LSP. Moreover, each of the ring LSPs comprises two counter-rotating multipoint-to-point (MP2P) LSPs for which any of the routers can operate as an ingress to source packet traffic into the ring LSP for transport to the respective egress router for the ring LSP.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention may include a method, computer program product and computer system for a cable removal system. The embodiment may include a computing device that determines whether a user is contacting a network cable. The network cable is physical connection between a first device and a second device. The first device includes at least one network port. The embodiment may include a computing device determining whether an information transmission across the network cable can be rerouted based on determining that the user is contacting the network cable. The embodiment may include a computing device rerouting information transmission based on determining that the information transmission across the network cable can be rerouted. The embodiment may include a computing device alerting the user that there is no information transmission across the network cable based on rerouting the information transmission.

Abstract: Disclosed is a router (and method) for virtualizing a control plane of the router without redundancy. The router can include a processor, a data plane, a control plane, and a computer-readable storage medium having stored therein instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to request, a cloud service to instantiate a virtual instance of the control plane, receive a confirmation of instantiation of the virtual instance, transfer to the virtual instance of the control plane, an active state of the control plane, perform offline services (e.g., configuration change, operating system update, or firmware upgrade, etc.) and in response to completion of the offline services, receive the active state.

Abstract: A first request is received from a device over a network. It is determined that the first request should be redirected, based at least in part on information included in the first request. A redirect message is sent to the device over the network. A second request is received that includes the address and the port number. Responsive to determining that the port number is on the predetermined list of port numbers, modifying the second request by removing the port number. The modified second request is sent to the address.

Abstract: Communications methods, apparatus and systems for detecting a status condition indicative of a failure of a media processing entity and providing media redirection to increase media resource function availability. One embodiment of the present invention is a method that includes directing, by a first Session Border Controller (SBC), a first media call flow of a first call through a first media content processing entity to a second SBC, detecting, at one of said first or second SBCs, a status condition indicative of a failure condition for the first media content processing entity, and redirecting, by the SBC that detects the status condition indicative of a failure condition, the first media call flow for the first call so that the first media call flow passes through a second media content processing entity instead of through the first media content processing entity without terminating the first call.

Abstract: An industrial machine that includes a plurality of components, an identification tag reader, an actuator, and a controller. The plurality of components is installed in the industrial machine and each of the plurality of components includes an identification tag. The identification tag reader is receives a signal from each of the plurality of identification tags, and each signal received from the plurality of identification tags is specific to a respective one of the plurality of components. The controller identifies the plurality of components that is installed in the industrial machine based on the signals from each of the plurality of identification tags, compares the identified plurality of components to a predetermined list of components that are expected to be installed in the industrial machine, and modifies an operational setting of an operating parameter when the identified plurality of components does not match the predetermined list of components.

Abstract: A method for interworking between a first protocol entity adapted to operate in accordance with a stream reservation protocol for reserving resources for a data stream along a stream path of the data stream and a second protocol entity adapted to operate in accordance with a routing protocol for distributing information in a communication network is described. The method comprises sending, from the first protocol entity to the second protocol entity, a request for stream path information indicating, for a data stream to be sent, a stream path in the communication network. The method also comprises determining, by the second protocol entity, the stream path information for the stream path based on the request, sending, from the second protocol entity to the first protocol entity, the determined stream path information, and initiating, by the first protocol entity, a resource reservation procedure for reserving resources in response to receiving the stream path information.

Abstract: A method of maintaining a desired level of an aerosolized compound within a space to be treated with the compound, the method including providing a diffusion device with the compound in liquid form and a control system for operating the device. The control system includes a sensor in fluid communication with the air within the space to be treated configured to sense the concentration of the compound aerosolized within the space. The diffusion device is operated to diffuse the compound into the space. The concentration of the compound within the space to be treated is sensed with the sensor and operation of the diffusion device is altered based on the concentration of the compound sensed to achieve a desired concentration of compound within the space. The sensing and operation altering steps are repeated periodically to maintain the desired concentration of the compound within the space.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for segment routing using a remote forwarding adjacency identifier. In one embodiment, a first node in a network receives a packet, wherein the packet is received with a first segment-ID and another segment ID attached thereto. The first node detaches the first and the other segment IDs from the packet. Then the first node attaches a first label to the packet. Eventually, the first node forwards the packet with the attached first label directly to a second node in the network. In one embodiment, the other segment ID corresponds to a forwarding adjacency or tunnel label switched path between the first node and another node.

Abstract: A physical host executes a virtual machine monitor (VMM) that instantiates a source virtual machine (VM). In response to the VMM receiving from the source VM a packet specifying a first destination address of a destination VM and a second destination address of a default gateway, the VMM determines whether the packet can be communicated to the destination VM without the packet being routed by the default gateway. In response to the VMM determining that the packet can be communicated to the destination VM without the packet being routed by the default gateway, the VMM forwards the packet to the destination VM such that the packet bypasses routing by the default gateway.

Abstract: A method, network device, and computer readable medium are disclosed. In one embodiment of the method, a data packet is received at a node within a first segment routing enabled access network. The first access network is connected, via a first area edge node, to a first area of a subdivided segment routing enabled network, and a specified destination for the data packet is reachable via a second segment routing enabled access network connected to the subdivided network. The method embodiment further includes receiving from a centralized controller a remote segment identifier stack, where the remote segment identifier stack encodes a path extending from the first area edge node to the second access network. The embodiment of the method continues with encapsulating the data packet with a full segment identifier stack comprising the remote segment identifier stack, and forwarding the encapsulated data packet toward the first area edge node.

Abstract: Systems and methods for simulating a user's behavior in an interactive computer system are provided. For example, a computer program product includes a simulator configured to simulate a user interacting with a computer program. The simulator includes a learning mode of operation and a simulation mode of operation. During the learning mode, for example, the simulator is configured to monitor the user's interaction with the computer program for one or more events and analyze one or more current circumstances during the occurrence of the one or more events, and further, to record at least one user input in response to the occurrence of at least one event, store the at least one user inputs in at least one data field, and associate the at least one data field with the at least one events and the at least one current circumstances.

Abstract: A network device in a network is provided that is configured to implement a process for modifying a timestamp in a packet that is a timing protocol packet. The timing protocol packet is encapsulated by a user data protocol (UDP) datagram, where the modified timestamp is written into the packet, but does not require a checksum of the UDP datagram to be changed. The process includes receiving a packet including a first timestamp over the network, receiving the first timestamp from the packet and a second timestamp to be written to the packet, and determining a third timestamp that is a modification of the second timestamp to be written to the packet, the third timestamp having least significant bits modified from the second timestamp such that the checksum of the UDP datagram is unchanged. The process writes the third timestamp into the packet and transmits the UDP datagram to the network.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for receiving local data via a vehicle sensing module of a vehicle control system, receiving remote data via a cloud interface unit of the vehicle control system from a cloud server, and processing the local data and the remote data via a processing unit of the vehicle control system. Based on the processing of the local data and the remote data, at least one vehicle feature is controlled. The local data and the remote data are associated with processing priority levels. The processing unit varies a frequency of processing based on the processing priority levels. Further provided is a cloud server for transmitting remote data to a crowd of vehicles. The cloud server comprises a first module configured to allocate vehicles to a plurality of groups based at least on location data received from the vehicles. A second module of the cloud server is configured to determine different remote data for each group.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting an invalid packet on a Controller Area Network (CAN) bus having a plurality of CAN nodes coupled thereto is provided. The method may include monitoring a CAN identifier (CAN ID) of each packet sent by each CAN node. The method may also include determining whether to detect the validity using a time threshold, historical data, or an acknowledgement (ACK) bit. For example, when the CAN ID is unknown, the method may include the use of validity detection process based upon the ACK Slot bit. Accordingly, the method may include detecting the validity of each packet using the selected method determined. In addition, the method may include storing the detected validity in a database having a listing for valid packets (white list) and a listing for invalid packets (black list). Moreover, the method may include disabling the invalid packets.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sending a delivery notification of a network application-related product are provided. The method includes: selecting a delivery executing server in advance from multiple delivery servers of an application; acquiring quality of service information of the delivery executing server of the application; judging, according to a predefined judging rule, whether the quality of service information meets a requirement; and if the requirement is met, retaining the delivery executing server unchanged; otherwise, setting another delivery server of the application as a delivery executing server; and sending a delivery notification to a current delivery executing server of the application upon detecting the delivery notification of the application to be sent.

Abstract: A system and method for controlled collaboration among a plurality of users, each at one of a plurality of computing appliances having a display apparatus and an input apparatus. An initial video presentation is displayed on at least two of the display apparatus. At least a part of the initial presentation is captured and stored and used to provide a presentation of a background image. Each of at least two users provide via the input apparatus a User Input having an associated presentation relative to the background image presentation, said User Input being stored as associated with the computing appliance/user providing the input. Data for the User Input is stored in a non-transient memory as associatively mapped to the user/computing appliance providing the User Input.

Abstract: A node failure recovery tool includes an interface and one or more processors. The interface is configured to receive a first portion and a second portion of state information from a first node. The one or more processors are configured to determine a time that the first portion of state information was received and store the first portion of state information and the time that the first portion of state information was received. The one or more processors are further configured to determine a time that the second portion of state information was received and start a timer, determine that the timer has expired and that the third portion of state information has not been received, and after determining that the first node has crashed, send a retrieved second portion of state information to the first node so that the first node can recover from the crash.

Abstract: A tree recovery method for a software-defined network (SDN) adapted to an SDN controller is provided. The tree recovery method includes: establishing topology information based on a current SDN topology and storing the topology information in a storage of the SDN controller; receiving a failure message reporting a failure link of the SDN, a plurality of network nodes of the topology information are classified into at least one losing nodes and at least one remaining node according to the failure link; and calculating and linking the at least one losing node to the at least one remaining node by using the topology information stored in the storage.