Abstract: System(s), apparatus(es), and method(s) are provided to for providing femtocell service through a secondary connection to a network gateway node that is part of a service provider network. The secondary connection can be established in response to at least one telecommunication performance condition of a primary connection to the network gateway node; the at least one performance condition includes connectivity state of the primary connection or quality of traffic delivery through the primary connection. The secondary connection can be established, in part, via a home gateway node that is alternative to a home gateway node associated with a femtocell access point (AP) that enables, in part, the femtocell wireless service. The main home gateway node or the femtocell AP can initiate establishment of the secondary connection. Home gateway node(s) or femtocell AP(s) that can provide femtocell service through the secondary connection can manage connectivity with the network gateway node.

Abstract: A communication system comprises a path management server that configures forwarding path information that is configured by arranging link IDs for identifying communication interfaces provided in respective forwarding nodes in a forwarding path of a data transfer network or links extending between said respective forwarding nodes and neighboring nodes thereof. For packets to which is added a header containing the forwarding path information, a forwarding node performs packet forwarding processing in accordance with the forwarding path information.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for providing fast convergence on Autonomous System Border Routers (ASBRs). In an embodiment, an ASBR receives first Virtual Private Network (VPN) route information including a first route target, a first route distinguisher, and a first network prefix and second VPN route information including a second route target, a second route distinguisher and a second network prefix. The second route distinguisher received by the ASBR is different than the first route distinguisher. The ASBR compares the first route target to the second route target and the first network prefix with the second network prefix. In response to determining that the first route target matches the second route target and the first network prefix matches the second network prefix, the ASBR associates, in a routing table, a first path based on the first VPN route information with a second path based on the second VPN route information.

Abstract: A technique for operating a network involves controlling the black-holing of traffic by selectively redirecting unicast traffic destined for a dual-homed customer equipment (CE) device from a first provider backbone bridge (PBB) provider edge (PE) device to a second PBB PE device in response to a service failure. Unicast traffic is selectively redirected from the first PBB PE device to the second PBB PE device for a time interval that is long enough to enable the customer source MAC address (CMAC)-to-backbone MAC address (BMAC) association of the second PBB PE device to be learned by other PBB PE devices.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a switch. The switch includes a management mechanism and a configuration mechanism. During operation, the management mechanism is configured to operate the switch in conjunction with the partner switch as a single logical switch. The configuration mechanism is configured to assign a virtual switch identifier to the logical switch.

Abstract: A first component receives packets from a second component. When setting content related to a physical layer of a transmission path between the first component and the second component is reinitialized, the first component transmits identification information to the second component. This identification information identifies a packet to be received when packet transmission suspended due to the reinitialization is restarted. The second component transmits a packet to the first component and receives the identification information from the first component. After the reinitialization has been completed and before the packet transmission is restarted, the second component performs control such that the packet transmission is restarted in accordance with the identification information.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for status transition are provided in the disclosure, which enable a wireless side network element to judge that a service request message is a paging response message after receiving the service request message, transmit an initial user equipment message to a mobility management entity, and indicate that the service request message is valid in the initial user equipment message. The method and apparatus of the disclosure solve the problem that the mobility management entity is unable to make a correct judgment and corresponding logical processing, and improve processing efficiency of the mobile communication system effectively.

Abstract: Provided is a management system arranged to manage a plurality of network elements in a network. The management system specifies, when the management system receives an alarm event, a logical path corresponding to the received alarm event based on the logical path specifying information included in the received alarm event. The management system refers to the logical path management information and specifies an alarm spread logical path of the specified logical path. The management system correlate the received alarm event and the specified logical path, correlate the received alarm event and the specified alarm spread logical path, and register the correlations with the alarm spread logical path information.

Abstract: Various exemplary embodiments relate to a method and related network node including one or more of the following: selecting a connection of a plurality of connections; testing the selected connection to determine whether the selected connection is usable; and based on a determination that the selected connection is not usable: closing the selected connection and at least one additional connection of the plurality of connections, and reestablishing the selected connection and the at least one additional connection.

Abstract: A data relay apparatus for data relay in a ring-type network for data including a path identifier which is transferred according to the path identifier, receives the data; stores the path identifier that is used to determine a data path in which the data is transferred in the ring-type communication network in association with a reception direction and a transmission direction of the data; compares the path identifier included in the received data and the path identifier stored by an information storing part to determine a path for receiving and transmitting the data and switches the transmission direction of the data based on a reception direction of a failure notification message notified when a communication failure occurs and whether a switching inhibition message transmitted concerning the communication failure is received; and transmits the data in the switched transmission direction.

Abstract: Recovery time upon the failure of a link or switching system in an asynchronous data network can be minimized if downstream data switches provide upstream messages indicating to upstream switching system that the downstream traffic arrived in tact and was properly handled. Upon this loss or failure of the upstream status message to an upstream switching system, an upstream switching system can reroute data traffic around a failed link or failed switch with a minimal amount of lost data. The upstream status message is conveyed from a downstream switching system to an upstream switching system via a reverse notification tree data pathway. The reverse notification pathway is established by using a messaging protocol between network switches by which the working and protection paths, among other things, are established.

Abstract: An inspection signal to inspect forward-path or return-path communication, is transmitted from a reference node of a network. A response signal is transmitted in a priority class from a node of a forward path to the reference node. In the case of inspection of return-path communication, a replica of the response signal is transmitted in a non-priority class from the node of the forward path to the return path, and the node that receives the replica of the response signal transfers the replica in a priority class to the reference node. In the case of inspection of forward-path communication, a replica of the inspection signal is transmitted in a non-priority class from the node of the forward path to the forward path, and a replica of the response signal is transmitted in a priority class from the node that receives a replica of the inspection signal to the reference node.

Abstract: A technique for recovering MPLS or IP-based pseudo-wires or layer-2 VPNs to a backup site using a backup pseudo-wire is provided. In one particular exemplary embodiment, the technique may be realized by a mechanism that allows one end of the original pseudo-wire to dynamically and automatically establish a backup pseudo-wire to an alternate destination without requiring an operator intervention or manual configuration of alternate destinations. This mechanism is triggered when one end of an emulated service experiences a failure such as a node failure, a link failure, and the like, or an intentional shut-down. A VPN auto-discovery mechanism is employed to inform all of the potential attachment circuits of the existence of the backup destinations that can be used in case of failure situations.

Abstract: There is provided a system and method for resilient routing based on a multi-channel model for emergency management. The system includes a packet delivery anomaly detector for determining an existence of an anomaly in a mandated routing infrastructure for a packet that renders the packet incapable of reaching a destination node designated for the packet through the mandated routing infrastructure. The system further includes a dynamic alternate route identifier for dynamically identifying alternate routes for the packet responsive to a determination of the existence of the anomaly. The alternate routes are outside the mandated routing infrastructure, are provided using one or more mobile devices external to and not part of the mandated routing infrastructure, and are dynamically identified responsive to at least geographic location information. The system also includes a wireless transmitter for wirelessly routing the packet using at least one of the alternate routes.

Abstract: There is provided a system and method for resilient routing based on a multi-channel model for emergency management. The system includes a packet delivery anomaly detector for determining an existence of an anomaly in a mandated routing infrastructure for a packet that renders the packet incapable of reaching a destination node designated for the packet through the mandated routing infrastructure. The system further includes a dynamic alternate route identifier for dynamically identifying alternate routes for the packet responsive to a determination of the existence of the anomaly. The alternate routes are outside the mandated routing infrastructure, are provided using one or more mobile devices external to and not part of the mandated routing infrastructure, and are dynamically identified responsive to at least geographic location information. The system also includes a wireless transmitter for wirelessly routing the packet using at least one of the alternate routes.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a method for realizing single radio voice call continuity, which is applied in an IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem (IMS) network. The method includes: receiving, by a service continuity application server (SC AS), a handover request, and then updating, by the SC AS, a remote leg, and transmitting, by the SC AS, a handover notification message to a user terminal; receiving, by the user terminal, a handover command in a Packet Switch (PS) domain and the handover notification message, then adjusting, by the user terminal, an access mode to be accessing a Circuit Switch (CS) domain. The invention further discloses a system for realizing single radio voice call continuity. The method and system for realizing enhancement of single radio voice call continuity provided by the disclosure can effectively reduce the overlong interruption time in the prior art, and greatly improve the user experience.

Abstract: An example involves identifying a failure of a dedicated logical circuit connecting a host device to a remote device to communicate data that originates and terminates only at the host and remote devices. When a first logical circuit identifier of the dedicated logical circuit does not match a second logical circuit identifier of a logical failover circuit comprising an alternate communication path for communicating the data: the second logical circuit identifier is renamed to identify the logical failover circuit using the first logical circuit identifier when the logical failover circuit is a dedicated logical failover circuit to communicate only when the dedicated logical circuit fails, and the dedicated logical circuit is renamed to identify the dedicated logical circuit using the second logical circuit identifier when the logical failover circuit is to communicate regardless of failure of the dedicated logical circuit.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method and apparatus for allocating resources in a transmission medium, in which method data is associated with different classes of traffic, the different classes of traffic being associated with different priority levels, wherein resources are selectively reserved on the transmission medium for traffic classes in accordance with an associated priority level.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for establishing a first pseudo-wire between a first item of input terminal equipment and an item of output terminal equipment, used by the first item of input terminal equipment. The method includes a step of transmitting a first message requesting establishment of the first pseudo-wire to an item of switching equipment, the first pseudo-wire to be established consisting of a first link between the first item of input terminal equipment and the item of switching equipment and of a second link between the item of switching equipment and the item of output terminal equipment. In such a method, the first establishment-request message also includes a request to establish at least one backup pseudo-wire consisting of the second link and of a third link to be established between the item of switching equipment and a second item of input terminal equipment.

Abstract: Techniques are described for selecting an alternate path for end-to-end service data traffic that traverses multi-homed routers that provide the service to customer networks. For example, as described herein, a router that is a member of a first multi-homing set connected to a layer two (L2) network with one of a plurality of first access links. The router advertises a status of one of the first access links to a second multi-homing set connected to the first multi-homing set with one or more core links. A core link database stores advertised status information for access links of the first and second multi-homing set. Upon a link failure, a path selector selects a core link to transport service data traffic and directs a switch module to switch to active a status a first access links that connects to a router in the first multi-homing set connected to the selected core link.

Abstract: A technique for protecting traffic in a Layer 2 (L2) communication network between a first and a second local nodes (CE1, CE2) interconnected via a redundant dual homed structure, the technique comprises a) distributing the traffic in the dual homed structure in a fault-free state, to form two traffic flows between the CE1 and CE2; b) providing Layer 2 (L2) fault indications for the dual homed structure, in the form of operation and maintenance (OAM) tools, c) in a faulty state of the dual homed structure, forwarding traffic packets at the provider edges of the structure, based only on conventional physical fault indications and L2 fault indications, by locally making forwarding decisions for selecting an active communication line via the redundant dual homed structure.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and computer-readable storage medium are disclosed for processing shared risk group (SRG) information in communications networks. The method includes obtaining at least one SRG identifier by processing SRG information included in network information received at a first network layer from a second network layer, and processing the at least one SRG identifier using one or more operations configured to ensure that the SRG identifier is unique among a plurality of SRG identifiers. The apparatus includes a network interface adapted to receive network information comprising SRG information, a processor coupled to the network interface, and a memory coupled to the processor and adapted to obtain at least one SRG identifier by processing the SRG information and to process the at least one SRG identifier. The computer-readable storage medium is configured to store program instructions that when executed are configured to cause a processor to perform the method.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device receives a destination unreachable message originated by a particular node along a first source route, the message carrying an encapsulated packet as received by the particular node. In response, the device may determine a failed link along the first source route based on a tunnel header and the particular node. Once determining an alternate source route without the failed link, the device may re-encapsulate and re-transmit the original packet on an alternate source route with a new tunnel header indicating the alternate source route (e.g., and a new hop limit count for the tunnel header and an adjusted hop limit count in the original packet).

Abstract: A method of channel-to-port assignment is described where the distribution of channels is performed in the digital domain of the CATV/QAM upconverter/modulator. This channel distribution allows for the possibility of simple failover, power combining of multiple outputs, and a fine granularity of channel to port mapping, QAM or analog channel, in a multi-port device.

Abstract: An abnormal termination of a dedicated bearer (e.g., a lost bearer) (134) or a change in bearer characteristics that renders the dedicated bearer unusable of a mobile device (114) can be detected. The lost bearer (128) is a bearer that is not a default bearer (132) within a communication network that includes one or more lost communication flows (135). At least one radio access network (RAN) capable of communicating with the mobile device (114) can be determined, where the at least one RAN is not one used for the dedicated bearer (134) that was abnormally terminated. At least one alternative bearer (150) can be detected or established at the at least one RAN. Each lost communication flow (138) can be automatically and dynamically routed to the at least one alternative bearer (150). The routing of the lost communication flows (138) can occur without interrupting communications.

Abstract: Devices, systems, methods, and other embodiments associated assigning signals to cable channels are described. One example device includes a networking device that includes a transceiver to connect to a cable and communicate signal over the cable to a remote terminal. The cable can include two or more cable channels to carry signals. If a cable channel fails to operate, a switching logic reassigns signals initially carried on the failed cable channel to another cable channel.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to providing feedback information for a data stream being sent from a sending endpoint to a receiving endpoint. Both of the endpoints each have multiple physical interfaces connecting each endpoint to multiple networks, respectively. Information as feedback information is gathered regarding a data capacity throughput for each of the multiple physical interfaces connected to the endpoints. The feedback information is split and sent on one or more of the multiple physical interfaces from the receiving endpoint to the sending endpoint. A detection is made, based on the feedback information, whether one or more of the physical interfaces used to send the feedback information have degraded or failed. The feedback information is then reapportioned and sent from the receiving endpoint to the sending endpoint on one or more of the multiple physical interfaces which have not been detected as degraded or failed.

Abstract: A method and a device are provided to be run in a network (or in particular on a network component of such network). The network has several network elements that are connected via a ring. One network element is a ring master with a primary port and a secondary port. The novel process includes the steps of (i) a failure along one direction of the ring is detected by the ring master; and (ii) the ring master sends a first message via its port that indicates the direction of the failure.

Abstract: A method of operating a mobile terminal in a wireless communications network is provided. The method includes connecting with a serving cell to establish a radio link enabling the transmission of data via the serving cell, receiving signaling data associated with the serving cell, the signaling data being configured to prepare the mobile terminal for the re-establishment of a connection of the mobile terminal to a different cell in the event of radio link failure on the serving cell, and processing the signaling data in order to store fallback data which is to be used in the event of radio link failure on the serving cell.

Abstract: Backplane redundancy is provided for a system including multiple nodes that communicate packets through first and second switches. Assuming that the first switch is initially assigned to an active state and the second switch to a standby state, the nodes communicate the data packets through physically enabled first backplane links to the first switch. The nodes physically enable second backplane links that are in a condition to communicate the data packets to the second switch. A messageless failover process is initiated by temporarily disabling, at the first switch, the first backplane links between the first switch and the nodes. In response to the nodes detecting the disabled first backplane links to the first switch, the nodes reconfigure themselves to communicate the data packets through the second backplane links to the second switch and to stop communicating the packets through the first backplane links to the first switch.

Abstract: Techniques for finding an optimized local repair path that may be used to signal a local repair connection for a protected connection. The optimized local repair path starts at a node in the path associated with the protected connection and ends at a merge point node in the path associated with the protected connection that is downstream from the start node. Various techniques may be used for finding an optimized local repair path.

Abstract: Method and system is provided for handling both network traffic and storage traffic to and from a plurality of nodes. The system includes a converged switch module that includes a plurality of ports configured to operate as a part of a group that is managed by a controller and each of the plurality of ports are configurable to process network traffic, storage traffic or a combination of both network traffic and storage traffic to and from a virtual port. The controller selects one of the plurality of ports to operate as a primary port for responding to a solicitation message from one of a plurality of nodes addressed to any of the ports within the group.

Abstract: Techniques are described for forwarding packets in a VPLS using multi-homing PE routers configured in an “active-active” link topology. As described herein, a PE router receives a packet from a multi-homed VPLS customer site, and processes the packet to determine a portion of a MAC domain to which the packet corresponds. When the packet is determined to correspond to a portion associated with the PE router, the PE router forwards the packet to the destination in accordance with forwarding protocols executing on the PE router. When the packet is determined to correspond to a portion associated with a second PE router, the PE router forwards the packet to the second PE router via a pseudowire that is external to the VPLS domain, and the second PE router forwards the packet to the destination in accordance with forwarding protocols executing on the second PE router.

Abstract: A method, system and machine-readable storage medium for providing fault tolerance in a distributed mobile architecture (dMA) system. The method includes receiving a message or failing to receive the message within a predetermined time relating to a first dMA gateway (dMAG) at a second dMAG. It is determined whether the first dMAG is not operational or is otherwise offline based on the received message or the failure to receive the message. One or more dMA nodes associated with the first dMAG are notified in order to request connections to an external system via the second dMAG. The external system is also notified to request connections to one or more dMA nodes associated with the first dMAG via the second dMAG.

Abstract: There is described an optical terminal for use in a passive optical network. The optical terminal comprises an optical I/O module for sending and receiving optical data packets along an optical fiber, an electrical I/O module for sending and receiving electrical data packets via an electrical connection, a signal converter operatively connected to the optical and electrical I/O modules for converting the data packets between optical and electrical formats, a controller for controlling the operation of the I/O modules and the signal converter. The controller is configured to detect a failure of a primary data path in the optical network, initiate an automatic protection switch to a secondary data path for optical data packets, and generate traffic flow update messages to be sent upstream. Each traffic flow update message contains, as a source address, a MAC address of a client device downstream of the terminal.

Abstract: A system and method for providing backup communications using Power over Ethernet (PoE) are disclosed. A backup communication system (BCS) is provided as part of a networked (TCP/IP) hospital communication system. The BCS is coupled to a power line used to provide power to a PoE switch. When TCP/IP communications are interrupted, the BCS receives patient call signals from patient room terminals over a secondary communication mode of the power line, and transmits those call signals to a nurses' station. The call signals can be generated by coupling a pulse-coded AC signal onto the PoE wires, or by sending voltage coded data in one direction and current-coded data in the other direction. Different signals or signal levels can be used to distinguish normal patient calls, patient emergency calls, and code calls. Thus, basic communications can be achieved when TCP/IP are unavailable. Other embodiments are disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate communicating between access points using the same air interface as for serving wireless devices. Access points can communicate with one another over the air interface to exchange interference management messages related to negotiating and/or allocating resources among the access points or other messages. In addition, access points can prepare served wireless devices for time periods where the access points communicate with disparate access points over the air interface to mitigate confusion or radio link failure detection by the served wireless devices.

Abstract: A system for automated testing of Ethernet signals of a unit under test (UUT) in a simulated Avionics Full Duplex (AFDX) network environment. The UUT may be any Ethernet device, including a 24 port Ethernet switch. Ethernet signal are received from a UUT by a measurement module that is adapted to modify the Ethernet signals according to a condition indicative of an AFDX network environment. Such modification includes attenuating the Ethernet signals with an RF attenuator or terminating the Ethernet signals with a 10 Base-T Ethernet simulation circuit. Modified signals are then monitored or evaluated to determine functionality of the UUT.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method for preventing repeated updating of an address table in Ethernet ring network protection, including: an Ethernet ring network node sends an Ethernet ring network protection protocol frame and encapsulates its own node information into the Ethernet ring network protection protocol frame; an Ethernet ring network node receives the Ethernet ring network protection protocol frame and matches the node information encapsulated in the received Ethernet ring network protection protocol frame with its own node information; and when the matching is successful, the Ethernet ring network node does not update the address table. The present disclosure further discloses a system for preventing repeated updating of an address table in Ethernet ring network protection.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed to reduce crossover between traffic from switch elements of different switch domains in a distributed switch. Addition of a first switch element to the distributed switch is detected. The distributed switch includes multiple switch elements at least subsequent to the addition, and each switch element has a switch element identifier and a fabric identifier. The respective fabric identifiers of the first switch element and of a second switch element are retrieved. The second switch element is communicably connected to the first switch element via a link, and the link is configured to allow only command traffic to be transmitted via the link. Upon a determination that the fabric identifier of the first switch element does not match the fabric identifier of the second switch element, then no command is issued specifying to reconfigure the link to allow at least one additional traffic type, different from command traffic.

Abstract: Systems and physical computer-readable storage medium are provided to improve efficiency of systems operating on internet protocol (IP) over Infiniband (IB) networks. In an embodiment, by way of example only, a method is provided for implementing redundancy for IB networks. The method includes detecting a failure at a first source port of a source node having a plurality of source ports, selecting a new source port, sending an address resolution protocol (ARP) message to one or more other nodes in communication with the source node including an IP address of the source node and IB address of the new source port of the source node, and re-balancing host traffic.

Abstract: The present invention provides a node routing method of a multi-processor system, a controller and a multi-processor system. The method includes learning a state of an available link between nodes in the multi-processor system, where the multi-processor system includes a first subnet and the first subnet includes at least two connected nodes, and when at least one link in the first subnet fails, reselecting an available link between all nodes in the first subnet, so that the nodes in the first subnet use the reselected available link to route a packet, where the reselected available link is a link on each node in the first subnet except a link whose dimension sequence number is the same as that of the failed link, a dimension sequence number is numbers of a link at two end nodes, and numbers of a link at two end nodes are the same.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a network device joins a first multicast tree to receive post-ad-inserted video content. The network device also joins a second multicast tree to receive the pre-ad-inserted video content. The content from the first multicast tree is forwarded by the network device to the receiver(s). The network device determines if it does not receive the content on the first multicast tree due to any failure, in which case, it delivers the content from the second multicast tree to the receiver(s). This enables the receiver to receive the original (pre-ad-inserted) content during the failure in first multicast tree. When the failure is resolved, the network device can go back to sending the content from the first multicast tree to the receiver(s).

Abstract: Fault-tolerant Ethernet is provided through the use of special interfaces providing end-devices with duplicate ports that may be alternatively enabled with the same network address in the event of a fault detected by loss of the message from a beacon device. Unidirectional network errors in the direction from the end-device to the beacon devices are detected through a path check message from the end-device to the beacon device. Multiple faults may be accommodated without network interruption by adding top-level switches without increasing the number of ports on the end-devices by cross connecting a lowest level of switch.

Abstract: In a virtual network apparatus, even when a fault occurs on a private line connecting plural physical network apparatuses to communicate a control signal, the redundancy is maintained, and the lower forwarding capability is prevented. In this network system, a control signal for virtualization to be transmitted and received between plural physical network apparatuses is relayed via a unit spanning LA connecting each physical network apparatus and an adjacent network apparatus in the adjacent network apparatus. Thereby, even when a fault occurs in the private line, it is possible to continue to communicate the control signal between the physical network apparatuses and continuously operate the virtual network apparatus.

Abstract: An Ethernet Switch Ring (ESR) protection method for introducing the pre-up state for the transit node, includes, after a loop failure is recovered, the transit node on the loop entering the pre-up state if not receiving the loop failure protocol message within a set time. And when the transit node is in the pre-up state and the loop fails again, i.e., the transit node receives the loop failure protocol message in the pre-up state, the transit node opens the master and slave ports and refreshes the MAC address. Effectively, the transit node is an ESR transit node.

Abstract: In one embodiment, network devices are configured to route traffic and signaling onto co-routed bypass tunnels. Co-routed bypass tunnels protect against node or link failures in a label switched paths. The co-routed bypass tunnels provide bidirectional protection. In one example, a node acting as the point of local repair (PLR) receives a resource reservation state message at a first node and extracts a tunnel sender address from the reservation state message. The PLR is configured to identify a bypass tunnel to a second node in the reverse direction of the label switched path and signal resource reservation messages over the bypass tunnel in the reverse direction. In another example, a PLR receives a resource reservation message with bypass tunnel identification and the PLR is configured to identify a bypass tunnel to a second node in the reverse direction.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for protection switching are disclosed. The protection switching method in accordance with an example of the present disclosure is capable of smoothly processing a protection switching while preventing a data path mismatch occurring in the protection switching in a case in which a forced switching command (FS), which is a passive command, and a signal failure (SF) of a protection path occur at both end nodes, respectively, when a linear protection switching is performed by use of a protection state coordination message in a packet network or a packet transport network.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides protection systems and methods that provide a mechanism to identify/determine when an interconnection node has been isolated (i.e. when there is no connectivity between a pair of interconnection nodes), from a data path perspective. If/when this condition exists, actions are triggered on the subtending sub-ring that essentially perform a protection switch (which causes the subtending sub-ring nodes to cleanse their forwarding tables), and, more importantly, that remove any channel blocks on the subtending sub-ring. Extensions to the ITU-T G.8032 state machine are also provided that include support for operator command interactions (e.g. DNR, force switch, manual switch, etc.). The protection systems and methods of the present disclosure enable the reliable application of ITU-T G.8032 and the like to more complex (i.e. meshed) deployment environments, among other significant advantages.

Abstract: Embodiments communicate messages between mobile devices and destination devices. An exemplary embodiment includes a first border server operable to establish a first communication connection to the mobile device over a first network operating under a first protocol, a second border server operable to establish a second communication connection to the mobile device over a second network operating under a second protocol, and a transport management server communicatively coupled to the first border server and the second border server, and operable to establish a third communication connection to the destination device over a third network operating under a third protocol. The first protocol is configured to communicate a first encapsulated portion of the message. The second protocol is configured to communicate a second encapsulated portion of the message. The third protocol is configured to communicate the first encapsulated portion of the message and the second encapsulated portion of the message.