Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of communication technologies and discloses a method, an apparatus, and a system for active-standby switchover. The method includes: copying at least one packet group to a standby board; recording the copied packet group and generating a transmission rule chain table of an active board according to a sequence of copying, so that the standby board generates a transmission rule chain table of the standby board which is the same as the active transmission rule chain according to the sequence of copying; and transmitting the packet group according to the sequence of the transmission rule chain table of the active board. By using the method, resuming transmission from a breakpoint upon an active-standby switchover is enabled.

Abstract: A multimode apparatus and a communication method thereof are disclosed. If the multimode apparatus is chosen to serve as a relay station due to a base station having a backhaul link problem, it sets up a first relay link with a first base station. Upon receiving a request for releasing the first relay link from the first base station even though the backhaul link is not restored, the multimode apparatus sets up a second relay link with a second base station, or configures and operates a standalone network or an independent network.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention pertain to the communication field and disclose a method and device for selecting a serving gateway entity. The method includes: receiving an access request message of a user equipment UE sent by a base station, where the access request message includes location information of the base station; acquiring, according to the location information of the base station, a signaling plane address list of serving gateway entities SGWs serving the UE; and selecting, according to failure information of paths between the SGWs and neighboring network elements of the SGWs and the acquired signaling plane address list of SGWs serving the UE, an SGW having no failed path to a neighboring network element of the SGW to serve the UE. The device includes: a receiving module, an acquiring module, and a selecting module.

Abstract: A communication device for an industrial communication network which can be operated in a redundant manner comprises a first and a second transmitting and receiving unit that transmit data packets in a bumpy or bumpless manner inside the industrial communication network and are selectively changeable over to a bumpy or bumpless transmission mode. An evaluation unit is connected to the first and/or second transmitting and receiving unit(s) and detects data packets to be transmitted in the bumpy or bumpless manner inside the industrial communication network. Redundancy handling and filter units for received redundant data packets are deactivated when a data packet to be transmitted in the bumpy manner is detected. A memory unit is assigned to the first and/or second transmitting and receiving unit(s) and buffers at least one data packet to be transmitted in the bumpy manner during a predefined period of time in the bumpy transmission mode.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for controlling failure recovery of Ethernet loop protection and an Ethernet loop node. The method comprises: when a node adjacent to a failed link detects recovery of the link, blocking a port just recovered, setting the port to be in a pre-forwarding state and starting a timer, and releasing the port temporarily blocked if the node adjacent to the failed link has not received a control protocol message sent by a master node during a timing period of the timer, and transferring the port from the pre-forwarding state to a forwarding state. The present invention allows a port of a node adjacent to a recovered link to enter into a forwarding state from the pre-forwarding state as early as possible on the premise that a corresponding control protocol message is unable to be received in time.

Abstract: A system and method for interconnecting multiple mesh transport medium technologies is disclosed. Two nodes are part of a mesh sub-network using a first access technology. The two nodes have at least two paths using the first access technology that couple the two nodes together. A third path using a second access technology also couples the two nodes together.

Abstract: A node in a communication network selects between equal cost shortest paths (ECSPs) using split tiebreakers. The node advertises multiple system identifiers (IDs) for that node, and each system ID is associated with a different set of traffic IDs that distinguish different virtual networks in the network. The node receives sets of system IDs for each of the other nodes in the network. After constructing a plurality of different ECSPs between two nodes, the node selects one of the ECSPs for each traffic ID used between the two nodes. For a traffic ID, the node constructs path IDs for each of the ECSPs using one system ID of each node in the path that is associated with that traffic ID. Because of the configuration of the system IDs and the traffic IDs in the network, traffic affected by a failure will be distributed across a plurality of surviving ECSPs.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention provide a tunnel fault detection method and a traffic engineering (TE) node. The method includes: receiving, by a traffic engineering TE node, a link fault report packet; determining, by the node, a faulty link in which a fault occurs according to the link fault report packet; detecting, by the node, whether one or more tunnels which use the node as an ingress node and pass through the faulty link exist; and identifying the tunnels as faulty tunnels if the one or more tunnels which use the node as the ingress node and pass through the faulty link exist. In the embodiments of the present invention, the TE node can detect all faulty tunnels at a time, and it is not necessary to wait until the fault notification based on each tunnel is received and then the faulty tunnel is identified one by one.

Abstract: An example method involves rerouting data from a logical circuit to a logical failover circuit when the logical circuit fails based on an exceeded quality of service parameter. The logical failover circuit is selected based on a committed bit rate, a variable bit rate, or an unspecified bit rate. The example method also involves rerouting data from a first set of switches to a second set of switches in the absence of a failure associated with the logical circuit. The logical circuit comprises variable communication paths, and the second set of switches are to form a route associated with the variable communication paths that is not predefined and that is dynamically defined at a time of automatic rerouting while maintaining the logical circuit through the second set of switches.

Abstract: A system and methodology that dynamically reroutes active communications sessions between a user equipment (UE) and a wireless network. In particular, the system can determine a current or impending fault condition and reroute a data path for network traffic to another service. Moreover, the system can identify a failed element in a wireless network and deny access and divert traffic until the element is restored. Further, the system can issue an alert to a user interface of the wireless network with information associated with a fault condition, a failed element, or a restored element.

Abstract: A processing device equips a controller that is intended for providing data transmission schedules into multi-slot frames, based on a conflict graph representative of wireless links between nodes that interfere when transmitting simultaneously on a same radio channel, for nodes linked therebetween and belonging to a multi-hop wireless network using a MAC protocol supporting a slotted access. This processing device comprises a processing means arranged, during each frame, for updating the conflict graph from interference information provided by the nodes during this frame, and for refining this conflict graph from detection of hidden interferer nodes based on detected failures of data transmissions of the links between these nodes during at least the previous frame.

Abstract: Methods for using a detector to monitor and detect channel occupancy are disclosed. The detector resides on a station within a network using a framed format having a periodic time structure. When non-cooperative transmissions are detected by the network, the detector assesses the availability of a backup channel enabling migration of the network. The backup channel serves to allow the network to migrate transparently when the current channel becomes unavailable. The backup channel, however, could be occupied by another network that results in the migrating network interfering with the network already using the backup channel. Thus, the detector detects active transmission sources on the backup channel to determine whether the backup channel is occupied. Methods for using the detector include scheduling detection intervals asynchronously. The asynchronous detection uses offsets from a reference point within a frame.

Abstract: A method may include communicatively coupling a first network element to a second network element via a first link of a multi-chassis link aggregation group, communicatively coupling the first network element to a third network element via a second link of the multi-chassis link aggregation group, communicatively coupling the second network element to a fourth network element via a first path of a point-to-point network, and communicatively coupling the third network element to the fourth network element via a second path of the point-to-point network. The method may also include configuring the first path and the second path as paths of a linear protected switching connection such that traffic associated with a service and communicated between the first network element and the fourth network element via the first link and the first path may be switched over to the second link and the second path in response to an event.

Abstract: A network node for routing messages in a communications system, includes at least one network interface that communicates messages with a plurality of other network nodes, and a microprocessor that sends and receives messages. The microprocessor transitions from operation in an active-with-peer state to operation in an active-without-peer state in response to detecting that a standby inter-chassis redundancy (ICR) node has become or will become at least partially non-functional as a backup message router for the network node. While operating in the active-with-peer state, the microprocessor responds to a switchover triggering event by switching-over at least part of its message routing responsibility to the standby ICR node. In contrast, while operating in an active-without-peer state, the microprocessor does not switchover routing responsibility to the standby ICR node in response to the switchover triggered event.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention provide for a mesh network management system. In one embodiment, a system is disclosed having: at least one computing device adapted to manage a wireless mesh network by performing the actions comprising: sending data including a plurality of fragments over a network to a plurality of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) nodes, wherein the data is sent a predetermined number of times; receiving, from the plurality of AMI nodes, a message regarding the plurality of fragments of the data; and sending, in response to receiving the message, fragments of the data that were not received by the plurality of AMI nodes.

Abstract: A method of communication between at least two automotive electronic control units, including two communication interfaces between the units enabling messages to be sent via one or the other of the interfaces, the units each including a microcontroller linked to the interfaces managing sending and receiving of the messages according to a given priority level, transmission speed and recurrence, and including a diagnostic system for checking the functionality of the interfaces, a message scheduler, the method including: introducing a logic switch into each microcontroller, for selecting one or the other interface; checking that neither interface is defective; scheduling by the scheduler the sending of messages in succession via one or the other of the interfaces; selecting one or the other of the interfaces to send the messages scheduled by the message scheduler; and sending the scheduled messages in succession by one or the other of the interfaces.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for a spanning tree topology used as a spanning tree flooding topology for messages on a link state routed network. Specifically, messages are only broadcast on the links in the spanning tree flooding topology thereby significantly reducing message flooding. The present disclosure also provides systems and methods for automatically, correctly, and efficiently creating, reconfiguring, and fixing the spanning tree topology in the event of any spanning tree link failures.

Abstract: A disclosed example method involves determining a first quality of service parameter associated with a failed logical circuit, and a second quality of service parameter associated with a logical failover circuit. When the first quality of service parameter is equal to or less than the second quality of service parameter, data from the failed logical circuit is rerouted to the logical failover circuit without requiring authorization from a customer to communicate the data at the second quality of service parameter. When the second quality of service parameter is a lower level of quality than the first quality of service parameter, the customer is prompted for authorization to communicate the data via the logical failover circuit at the second quality of service parameter. When authorization is received, the data is rerouted to the logical failover circuit. When authorization is denied, the data is not rerouted to the logical failover circuit.

Abstract: A first network element is coupled to a second network element via a first path of a first point-to-point network, the first network element is coupled to a third network element via a second path of the first-point-to-point network, the second network element is coupled to a fourth network element via a first path of a second point-to-point network, and the third network element is coupled to the fourth network element via a second path of the second point-to-point network. The paths of the first point-to-point network are configured as paths of a first linear protected switching connection and the paths of the second point-to-point network are configured as paths of a second linear protected switching connection such that traffic communicated between the first network element and the fourth network element via the first paths may be switched over to the second paths.

Abstract: An example involves selecting a logical failover circuit comprising an alternate communication path for communicating data upon a failure of a dedicated logical circuit connecting a host device to a remote device. When a first logical circuit identifier of the dedicated logical circuit does not match a second logical circuit identifier of the logical failover circuit: the second logical circuit identifier of the logical failover circuit is renamed to identify the logical failover circuit using the first logical circuit identifier when the logical failover circuit is a dedicated logical failover circuit used to communicate only when the dedicated logical circuit fails, and the dedicated logical circuit is renamed to identify the dedicated logical circuit using the second logical circuit identifier when the logical failover circuit is used to communicate regardless of the failure of the dedicated logical circuit. The data is rerouted to the logical failover circuit without manual intervention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the communications field and discloses a method, a device, and a system for measuring and reporting an automatic neighbor relation (ANR), which are capable of completing an ANR function during a radio link failure (RLF), therefore saving measurement time and improving network performance. The solution is: when an RLF occurs, receiving a radio resource control (RRC) link reestablishment failure message, where the RRC link reestablishment failure message carries control information instructing a user equipment (UE) to perform an ANR measurement; performing the ANR measurement according to the control information in the RRC link reestablishment failure message to obtain an ANR measurement result; and after receiving an RRC link establishment response message, reporting the ANR measurement result by using an RRC link establishment complete message.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an intermediate device may determine a source route in use from a source to a destination in a reactive routing computer network, and may also determine a request to provide local repair for the source route for duration of a timer set by the source. In response to the request (e.g., and in response to a poor/failed connection), the device may discover a local repair path based on a limited-scope discovery, and maintains the local repair path for the source route until expiration of the timer.

Abstract: A device may include a control module and a line card. The control module may be configured to run a routing protocol to obtain routing information from network devices. The line card may include a processor. The processor may be configured to establish a bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) session with a remote device, determine whether an interface associated with the BFD session is flapping, terminate the BFD session when the interface is flapping, disable the interface when the interface is flapping, re-enable the interface after a dampening recovery period elapses, reestablish the BFD session, and send a BFD packet to the remote device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to shape packet traffic rates of packets in-transit from a plurality of channels to a port, monitor a status of each queue, subtract a CIR from a port load value when an empty queue becomes active, add the CIR to the port load value when an active queue becomes empty, add a difference between an EIR and the CIR for a channel to a port excess value when a queue of the channel becomes excess, subtract the difference for the channel from the port excess value when the excess queue for the channel becomes not excess, calculate an oversubscription ratio based on the port load value and port excess value, calculate a shaping rate for each of the plurality of channels, and shape the traffic for each of the plurality channels using the shaping rate.

Abstract: A relay device is capable of associating a plurality of network-side ports to a server-side port connected to an adapter 310 of a server 300. The relay device detects a failure and recovery from the failure as events for each of the network-side ports associated with the server-side port, and transmits to the server 300 a control frame indicating the network-side port in which the event was detected and the type of the event. The control frame is received by the adapter 310, and is processed by a link status management unit 320. The link status management unit 320 individually turns on/off an associated virtual interface 312a among virtual interfaces 312a configured on a virtual layer unit 312, in accordance with the control frame.

Abstract: An information transmission device includes: ring-ports; an access-port; a communication-path-setting unit to facilitate or cut off communication of the ring-ports or the access-port, based on a communication setting determined such that communication paths having priority levels and assigned with same identifiers have different sections; a control-signal-transmission unit, when a communication failure occurs between one ring-port and another information transmission device, to transmit, from another ring-port, a first control signal for instructing a cutoff of communication of the access-port in the communication path having a low priority level, and transmit a second control signal for instructing a facilitation of communication of the ring-ports; an access-port-control unit, upon receiving the first control signal, to cut off the communication of the access-port in the communication path having the low priority level; and a ring-port-control unit, upon receiving the second control signal, to facilitate com

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and system for reserving a connection's home path resources and restoring the connection on a link that includes a reserved priority bandwidth. A bandwidth advertisement indicating that the reserved priority bandwidth is available is analyzed and a restoration request requesting to route the connection on the link is sent. The reserved priority bandwidth is used to route the connection when the connection has a reserved home path on the link. When the connection has a reserved home path not on the link, a determination is made as to whether a normal priority bandwidth on the link is available and whether the connection is unrestorable on another link. The reserved priority bandwidth is used to temporarily route the connection when normal priority bandwidth on the link is unavailable and the connection is unrestorable on another link.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for alarming on all signaling protocol messages that fail in substantial numbers on any particular routes within an IP network are disclosed. For example, upon receiving these alarms, the network will attempt to identify, and to correct the error producing conditions to prevent further call signaling message failures.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a path switch-back method and apparatus in a transport network, belongs to the field of communications, and is used for avoiding the problem that signals can not be switched back to a working path from a protection path when the links in two directions of the working path between nodes in the transport network are restored from fault simultaneously. The path switch-back method in a transport network provided by the disclosure includes: a local node determines two failed links on the working path between an opposite node and itself are restored to normal simultaneously (S101); the local node enters a Wait To Restore (WTR) state (S102); and the local node switches signals back to the working path when the WTR state ends (S103). The disclosure is used for realizing that signals are switched back to the working path from the protection path when the links in two directions of the working path between nodes in the transport network are restored from fault simultaneously.

Abstract: A method includes receiving, at a first node of a data network, a message indicating a failure of a communication link of the data network. The message is received at the first node from a second node of the data network. The method includes determining an alternate route from the first node to a data source of the data network. The alternate route includes a third node as an upstream node of the first node. The method includes determining whether the third node is a downstream node of the first node prior to sending a first join message from the first node to the third node, and sending the first join message from the first node to the third node conditioned on determining that the third node is not a downstream node of the first node.

Abstract: A communication system comprises a first and a second master unit and at least one slave unit, wherein the second master unit is switched into a data transmission chain reaching from the first master unit to the slave unit in order to continue data transmission if a link fault occurs.

Abstract: A system that incorporates teachings of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a home subscriber server having a memory coupled to a processor. The processor can be configured to store a first identity of a first communication device registered with a primary communication resource and a secondary communication resource, receive a request associated with a registration request initiated by a second communication device, detect that a second identity of the second communication device matches the first identity of the first communication device, and direct a registration of the second communication device with at least one of the primary communication resource or the secondary communication resource responsive to the detected match. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A computing device configured to implement a method for binding negotiation is disclosed. The computing device includes a processor and memory in electronic communication with the processor. A first binding has a first binding ID. Instructions are stored in the memory to implement a method for binding negotiation. The first binding is advertised on a network. A second provider is discovered to also provide the first binding with a second binding ID on the network. The computing device then determines whether it is to provide the first binding by evaluating a collision function (F). Based on the result of the collision function, either the addition of the first binding with the second binding ID is halted, or the first binding with the first binding ID is canceled.

Abstract: Systems and methods consistent with some embodiments presented provide methods for print resource management. In some embodiments of methods for print resource management print data comprising PDL data may be parsed to identify reusable resources in the print data. The reusable resources may be converted to a common internal format and stored. In some embodiments, reusable resources may be rendered to obtain a rendered version of the reusable resource, which may be stored. In some embodiments, the stored rendered version or a rendered form of the stored formatted version of the reusable resource may be used in a bitmap image for a page whenever the reusable resource is referenced during the creation of the bitmap image for the page.

Abstract: Techniques for providing resilient multicast traffic processing in a network element are described herein. In one embodiment of the invention, a network element separately joins equivalent multicast traffic streams at a first and second interface respectively. During uninterrupted operation, the network element processes the packets of the multicast traffic stream it receives at the first interface and drops the packets of the equivalent multicast traffic stream it receives at the second interface. Upon an interruption of the packets of the multicast traffic stream being received at the first interface, the network element transitions to processing the packets of the equivalent multicast traffic stream it receives at the second interface. Other methods and apparatuses are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a communication apparatus in a network system constituted by a plurality of communication apparatuses, wherein the fact that a specific communication apparatus connected to a temporary network constructed temporarily has left the temporary network is detected. In response to the specific communication apparatus leaving the temporary network, another communication apparatus connected to the temporary network is allowed to return to the original network.

Abstract: If a new link is established between a user equipment and a serving base station after a previous link failure, the user equipment is configured to report information associated with the previous link failure, including UE mobility information during the previous link, information related to transmitting/receiving the RRC connection reconfiguration, or information related to radio link failure. The serving base station is configured to perform mobility optimization in the minimization of drive test accordingly for improving handover success rate and overall network efficiency.

Abstract: A system for flexible and extensible flow processing includes a first network device to act as a controller within a software-defined network. The first network device receives a processing definition, translates the processing definition to create a parser configuration package and transmit the parser configuration package to a plurality of forwarding elements, and transmit data to populate flow tables within the plurality of forwarding elements. The system also includes a second and third network device, each acting as a flow switching enabled forwarding element and able to receive a parser configuration package from the first network device. The second network device compiles the parser configuration package into machine code, which is executed on a processor to perform packet processing. The third network device includes a co-processor to execute the parser configuration package to perform packet processing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of communication technologies and discloses a method, an apparatus, and a system for active-standby switchover. The method includes: copying at least one packet group to a standby board; recording the copied packet group and generating a transmission rule chain table of an active board according to a sequence of copying, so that the standby board generates a transmission rule chain table of the standby board which is the same as the active transmission rule chain according to the sequence of copying; and transmitting the packet group according to the sequence of the transmission rule chain table of the active board. By using the method, resuming transmission from a breakpoint upon an active-standby switchover is enabled.

Abstract: A communication system and a method for routing data traffic from and to a backbone network where a first Provider Edge device (302) routes data traffic between a first Customer Edge device (304) and the backbone network via a primary route (306), the first Customer Edge device (304) providing a primary connection to the backbone network, and the first Customer Edge device (304) is adapted to be in an active state or an inactive state, in which inactive state the first Customer Edge device (304) is disabled for any routing. The communication system and method provide: monitoring (501, 503) of the data traffic of the first Customer Edge device (304); detection of failure (502, 504) of the data traffic of the first Customer Edge device (304); setting of the state (506) of the first Customer Edge device (304) to the inactive state when failure of the data traffic of the first Customer Edge device (304) is detected; and provision of a secondary connection to the backbone network via a secondary route (318).

Abstract: A system and techniques are disclosed that increase the redundancy (i.e., physical diversity and bandwidth) available to an IP network, thereby increasing the failure processing capability of IP networks. The techniques include pooling the resources of multiple networks together for mutual backup purposes to improve network reliability and employing methods to efficiently utilize both the intradomain and the interdomain redundancies provided by networks at low cost.

Abstract: A telecommunications network termination device has the capability to connect to a network access point using a primary fixed line address by a first route and also, using a second network address, by a backup routing to a shared wireless access point. Connection status messages are transmitted over the primary routing. If these are not detected by the network, it causes traffic to the user device to be diverted over the backup routing to the second network address. It also transmits instructions to the user device to route outgoing traffic by the same secondary route. The secondary route is identified from network topology data stored by the network control server.

Abstract: A method in an electronic device and a system for use in a communication network including a core network and at least one access network are described. Intermediate service platforms in an access network process data bound from a base station towards a core network, and vice versa. A first data channel or stream is processed by the intermediate service platform. Exemplary embodiments bypass the intermediate service platform by intercepting a second data channel or stream bound for the intermediate service platform. The data in the second data channel or stream is processed and inserted into a data channel or stream downstream of the intermediate service platform.

Abstract: Broken links in a sensor network are avoided by representing the network as a DODAG. A rank associated with each node defines a position of each node relative to other nodes, and the rank is in a form of a proper fraction, and the rank of each node never increases to enable loop-free routing.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method that enables a radio access network (RAN) to page more mobile stations concurrently. By reducing the size of the individual page record, more page records can fit within a general page message (GPM), and thus more mobile stations can receive page messages. One method of reducing the size of an individual page record is to reduce the size of the terminal IDs that page records carry. Currently, terminal IDs are globally unique, but they can be shortened if replaced with locally unique IDs. These locally unique IDs are unique for only mobile stations in a given paging area, unique for only mobile stations assigned to a given paging channel time slot, and/or unique for only mobile stations in a subgroup of mobile stations assigned to a given paging channel time slot. The number of mobile stations in any of these groups is smaller than the number of mobile stations in the global network.

Abstract: Network operating methods provide a first packet switch coupled to a second packet switch via a primary packet tunnel having an active status and one or more inactive backup packet tunnels having an inactive status. The methods access data describing at least one performance characteristic of the primary packet tunnel and, based at least on the data, deactivate the primary packet tunnel while still operational and activate one of the backup packet tunnels. Network operating methods provide a first device coupled to a second device via an active primary packet tunnel and one or more inactive backup packet tunnels, access data describing performance characteristics of the one or more backup packet tunnels, and, based at least on the data, deactivate the primary packet tunnel and activate one of the backup packet tunnels.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for scaling performance of Ethernet Ring Protection Protocol. Specifically, the systems and methods may apply to G.8032 and may provide protection switching control plane performance scaling benefits. In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention summarizes the per “virtual” ring control plane protocol into a single logical ring control plane protocol. Advantageously, the present invention transforms the G.8032 protocol from a per-virtual ring protocol to a per-logical ring control protocol. The mechanism/methodology that is used is to include minimal per-virtual ring instance information in to the Ring Automated Protection Switching (R-APS) (control) frames. Additionally, the present invention cleanly decouples the placement of the R-APS (control) channel block location on the ring from that of the virtual channel data blocks. Current G.

Abstract: A communication system includes a plurality of nodes and a control device. Each node includes a packet processor that processes a packet in accordance with a processing rule when the packet is received. The processing rule correlates the processing applied to the packet with a matching rule that identifies the packet the processing is to be applied to. The control device calculates a packet forwarding path in response to a request for setting processing rules from any node, sets processing rules that implement the packet forwarding path on the node on the packet forwarding path and records the processing rules in a manner coordinated with one another. The control device inquires at the node on the packet forwarding path about state of setting of processing rule and, upon detecting failure in the processing rule set in at least one node, executes rollback operation on the correlated processing rules set in other node.

Abstract: A data transfer system transfers data via a plurality of signal lines and controls to select the signal lines to adapt reduction and lane reversal. The signal line control unit has a signal creation unit that creates a first selection signal when the signal lines are reduced according to the abnormal detection from the abnormal detection unit, and a signal output unit that outputs a second selection signal when a connection of the second selection signal indicating that any one or both signal line of a second pair of signal lines is changed in case of a lane reversal that connects a plurality of signal lines in a down order from a highest bit to a lowest bit of a sending device side with a plurality of signal in a up order from a highest bit to a lowest bit of a reception device side.

Abstract: Each of a plurality of data flows is classified as having a respective data flow type, and each data flow is assigned to one of a plurality of subcarrier groups, based on the data flow's type, wherein each subcarrier group comprises a respective plurality of subcarriers. First data flows assigned to a first subcarrier group are transmitted exclusively on respective subcarriers in the first subcarrier group, and second data flows assigned to a second subcarrier group are transmitted together on all of the subcarriers in the second subcarrier group.