Abstract: A method of performing uplink synchronization in a wireless communication system includes transmitting a random access preamble which is randomly selected from a set of random access preambles, receiving a random access response, the random access response comprising a random access preamble identifier corresponding to the random access preamble and a time alignment value for uplink synchronization, starting a time alignment timer after applying the time alignment value, starting a contention resolution timer after receiving the random access response, wherein contention resolution is not successful when the contention resolution timer is expired, and stopping the time alignment timer when the contention resolution timer is expired.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, a circuit for transferring signals from a source clock domain to a destination clock domain comprises a first pulse generation circuit, a hold flip-flop circuit, a clocked synchronizer circuit and a second pulse generation circuit. The first pulse generation circuit, operable in the source clock domain, generates a source data pulse from a source data signal. The hold flip-flop circuit, operable in the source clock domain, is configured to hold the source data pulse. The clocked synchronizer circuit, operable in the destination clock domain, samples the source data pulse received from the hold flip-flop circuit, where source data pulse held at the output of the hold flip-flop circuit is cleared when the source data pulse is sampled by the clocked synchronizer circuit. The second pulse generation circuit, operable in the destination clock domain, is configured to generate a destination data pulse from the sampled source data pulse.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a battery-operated communication device “quick-samples” a frequency hopping sequence at a periodic rate corresponding to a substantially low duty cycle, and is discovered by (e.g., attached to) a main-powered communication device. During a scheduled sample, the main-powered communication device transmits a control packet to be received by the battery-operated communication device, the control packet containing timing information and transmitted to account for worst-case clock drift error between the two devices. The battery-operated communication device responds to the control packet with a link-layer acknowledgment containing timing information from the battery-operated communication device. Accordingly, the two devices may re-synchronize their timing based on the timing information in the control packet and acknowledgment, respectively.

Abstract: Embodiments of a dual-master mode Ethernet node are provided herein. The dual-master mode Ethernet node includes a first multiplexer configured to select between a local oscillator signal and a primary reference source (PRS) signal to provide a reference clock signal, a digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) configured to generate a master clock signal based on the reference clock signal, a phase rotator configured to rotate a phase of the master clock signal based on a frequency error between the master clock signal and an extracted clock signal to generate a slave clock signal, and a second multiplexer configured to select between the master clock signal and the slave clock signal to provide a transmit clock signal. The dual-master mode Ethernet node can dynamically generate the transmit clock based on either the extracted clock or the PRS without re-performing the auto-negotiation process.

Abstract: A system and method for reducing implementation complexity for estimation of a Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) and a Symbol Timing Offset (STO) for an input signal for spectrally shaped multiple communication standards. The system is implemented by replacing multiplier with shifters. The system includes a CFO estimation block, a STO estimation block, and a band extraction block that extracts a lower band edge and an upper band edge of the input signal. The STO estimation block includes (i) a sample error generation block that computes a sampling timing error value, and (ii) a Phase Lock Loop block that estimates a frequency error and a phase error corresponding to the sampling timing error value. The CFO estimation block includes (i) a carrier offset error generation block that generates a carrier offset error value, and (ii) a leaky average block for performing a filter operation.

Abstract: A device is provided and includes a multiplexer that receives signals and generates an output signal based on a selected one of the signals. The output signal includes frequencies and has a respective signal magnitude at each of the frequencies. A control circuit determines gain values. A transmitter provides pre-emphasis to the output signal to offset a characteristic of a channel, and transmits the output signal with the pre-emphasis on the channel. The transmitter, in providing the pre-emphasis: provides delayed versions of the output signal, where each of the delayed versions of the output signal has a different amount of delay than other delayed versions of the output signal; and amplifies each of the delayed versions of the output signal based on a respective one of the gain values such that certain ones of the signal magnitudes are amplified, and other ones of the signal magnitudes are attenuated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method capable of minimizing a period of time required for a handover network acquisition procedure when a handover occurs between communication networks which provide communication services using different mobile communication technologies. When a modem for a handover communication network performs network acquisition due to the occurrence of a handover, the modem previously extracts information about a handover channel from a Universal Handover Direction Message (UHDM), and uses the extracted channel information in a network acquisition procedure. Accordingly, the modem for a handover communication network can easily acquire a handover network even without using a preferred roaming list, and can omit an radio frequency (RF) tuning procedure by extracting a corresponding code division multiple access (CDMA) channel from the received UHDM, thereby reducing the total handover processing time period and increasing the success rate of the handover.

Abstract: The present disclosure teaches an active antenna array for a mobile communications network. The active antenna array comprises a base band unit, a plurality of transceiver units terminated by at least one antenna element; and at least one link. The link couples the individual ones of the plurality of transceiver units to the base band unit. The link is a digital link and is adapted to relay a payload signal at a selectable payload rate. The digital link is further adapted to relay a timing signal at a fixed timing rate, when the timing signal is embedded in the payload at a selectable payload rate. The present disclosure further teaches a method for relaying radio signals and a computer program for manufacturing the active antenna array and for executing the method.

Abstract: A system and method for redundant synchronizing to a reference clock for data communications. A determination is made whether a first data stream and a second data stream are available. The first data stream and the second data stream are received through opposing directions of a communications ring. A first data packet and second data packet are received at a remote node in response to the first data stream and second data stream being available. A timing characteristic of the first data packet and the second data packet correspond to a tick of a reference clock. The tick of the reference clock is extracted utilizing a timing characteristic of the first data packet or second data packet in response to the first data stream or the second data stream being available. A secondary clock is disciplined with the reference clock by adjusting the secondary clock based on a difference between times measured by the reference clock and the secondary clock to generate a clock signal.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, a transponder comprises a transceiver configured to receive a forward link having a forward-link header comprising at least one symbol for configuring a setting of the transponder. The transponder may be configured to transmit a return link having a return-link header comprising information based on one or more characteristics of the transponder, and to receive a modified subsequent symbol of the forward-link header. The modified subsequent symbol of the forward link header generated by analyzing the return-link header to determine adjusted information for configuring the setting of the transponder and modifying the subsequent symbol of the forward-link header in accordance with the adjusted information for configuring the setting of the transponder.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for transmitting Coexistence Beacon Protocol (CBP) in a cognitive radio system are provided. The apparatus includes a detector, a controller, and a transmitter. The detector scans channels on which neighboring Base Stations (BSs) operate through a plurality of directional antennas. The controller links the plurality of directional antennas with BSs, respectively. The transmitter receives a CBP packet through the directional antenna linked with the BS, and transmits the received CBP packet to at least one or more other BSs linked with at least one or more other directional antennas.

Abstract: A wireless communications device connected to a service network with a synchronized timing pattern therebetween is provided. In the wireless communications device, a wireless modem is configured to enable wireless signal transceiving from and to the service network in a non-sleep mode and disable wireless signal transceiving from and to the service network in a sleep mode. Also in the wireless communications device, a synchronization module is configured to initialize a first counter with a current time in the synchronized timing pattern in response to a first signal triggering the wireless modem to enter the sleep mode from the non-sleep mode, and enable counting of the first counter in a low-rate clock for the sleep mode. The synchronization module further provides the counted value of the first counter to the wireless modem to resynchronize with the service network in response to a second signal triggering the wireless modem to recover from the sleep mode to the non-sleep mode.

Abstract: There is provided a mobile station that minimizes a pause or a silent period during communication at the time of a reconnection process of communication, thereby to improve the user's convenience and achieve the reduction in the load applied onto the communication network or the mobile station. When an out of synchronization detection unit 4 of a mobile station 2 detects out of synchronization, an individual timer value determination unit 53 selects two or more timer value change triggers from timer value change triggers stored in a timer value change trigger memory 51, and then determines the timer values respectively for the timer value change triggers that have been selected, based upon the determination rules stored in an individual timer value determination rule memory 52. A reconnection timer value calculation unit 54 calculates an appropriate reconnection timer value based upon the two or more individual timer values that have been determined by the individual timer value determination unit 53.

Abstract: A semiconductor device capable of connecting plurality of external devices. When an interface with a first external device that can be connected to the semiconductor device is tested, a packet to be transferred from the first external device to another second external device is artificially generated. The generated packet is transferred to the second external device, and a response is monitored. Thus, the interface for connection to the first external device is tested while avoiding an actual packet transfer between the semiconductor device and the first external device.

Abstract: A transmission device (100) outputs, to a reception device (200), a stored amount of packets in a first transmission buffer (105) just before a certain packet has been written to the first transmission buffer. A first reception buffer amount read unit (206) in the reception device reads a stored amount of packets in a first reception buffer just before the certain packet has been read from the first reception buffer. A storage amount addition unit (207) adds the stored amount of packets in the first transmission buffer and the stored amount of packets in the first reception buffer, and a correction unit (208) adjusts the frequency of a variable frequency oscillator in a reception timestamp timer 209 so that the resulting added value is a constant value.

Abstract: An adaptive clock recovery (ACR) subsystem processes an input phase signal indicative of jittery packet arrival times to generate a relatively smooth and bounded output phase signal that can be used to generate a relatively stable recovered clock signal. The input phase signal is also processed to detect and measure step-delays corresponding, for example, to path changes in the network routing of the packets. Step-delay pre-compensation is performed, in which the input phase signal is phase-adjusted, upstream of the ACR subsystem, based on the sign and magnitude of each detected step-delay. As a result, the ACR subsystem is substantially oblivious to the existence of such step-delays.

Abstract: Method for exchanging information among digital units in a distributed system, with digital units being defined by at least a master node and slave nodes, involves transferring information references from a master node to slave nodes, the information references being sampled with sampling time corresponding to a cycle time period defined by a clock value of the master node. The method also involves estimating the number of the information references sampled arrived to the slave node from the master nodes during a periodic reference time interval, and using the number to recalculate the master clock value, so that the slave nodes are able to reconstruct master node information references during a following reference time interval.

Abstract: A method synchronizes plural terminal communication systems and a counterpart communication station connected via a radio link within a multi-standard wireless communication system, wherein a counterpart transmission signal is transmitted from said counterpart communication station to the corresponding terminal communication system. A common reference clock signal is generated and supplied to a signal generation unit within said terminal communication system, wherein each terminal communication system comprises a conversion ratio unit having a conversion ratio. An accurate frequency datum is derived from each counterpart transmission signal in the terminal communication systems and a frequency control signal is determined from said accurate frequency datum.

Abstract: In the field of optical network communication technologies, a method, a device, and a system for transmitting a constant rate data stream are provided. The method for transmitting the constant rate data stream by the first network device includes: receiving a constant rate data stream; calculating an input rate of the constant rate data stream or a rate difference between the input rate and a standard rate of the constant rate data stream in each cycle of a reference clock; encapsulating the constant rate data stream into a Gigabit-Passive Optical Network (GPON) Encapsulation Method (GEM) frame by using a bit as a minimum encapsulation unit; and encapsulating the GEM frame into a GPON Transmission Convergence Layer (GTC) frame, and sending the GTC frame to the second network device through a GPON network. Therefore, the technical solutions may be widely applied to the GPON network.

Abstract: A novel alternative concept for handling dynamic provisioning changes and ongoing network reconfiguration and incremental reoptimization in general. A prime motivation is concern about the dependency of existing concepts for dynamic provisioning on the real-time coherence of databases of network state at diverse geographic locations. Not only is the continual updating of such global state everywhere in the network an intensive real-time load, but inevitable incoherencies pose hazards in network operation. The alternative proposal is a framework that makes use precise time synchronization and the computational power of network nodes to solve identical local instances of incremental reoptimization problems in situ. The new scheme removes the database coherency hazard, reduces signaling volumes, and increases resource efficiencies in service provisioning. It also provides a framework in general for continually ongoing incremental or (if desired) total reoptimization of network configuration.

Abstract: A device is described for receiving data transmitted using asynchronous data transmission technology, in particular audio and video data, which receives a clock signal, having a memory device (17), which stores the received data for the required period of time in order to compensate for transmission delays (Cell Delay Variation). The clock signal is sent to the memory device (17) for reading out the data. Furthermore, a method is described for receiving data signals using asynchronous data transfer technology, with the received data signals being temporarily stored and read out at the studio clock rate.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for time synchronization are disclosed. The method comprising: obtaining a master sending time stamp, a slave receiving time stamp, a slave sending time stamp, and a master receiving time stamp; and adjusting the time of the slave clock according to the offset calculated from the time stamps to synchronize with the clock time of the master clock. With the present invention, in passband transmission systems that transmit signals continuously in units of symbols, the time synchronization is implemented between the master clock and the slave clock.

Abstract: A video receiving apparatus having an input terminal to receive pixel-based video data transmitted with pixel clock synchronized with the video data is provided. The video receiving apparatus may include a separation unit, an information acquisition unit, and a determination unit. The separation unit may be configured to separate auxiliary data added to the video data from the video data obtained at the input terminal. The information acquisition unit may be configured to acquire information on the number of horizontal pixels and the number of vertical pixels for the input video data from the auxiliary data separated at the separation unit. The determination unit may be configured to determine a type of the input video data based on the information on the number of horizontal pixels and the number of vertical pixels that is obtained at the information acquisition unit.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an adaptive clock recovery (ACR) system generates a current delay-offset estimate value (DOE(i)) using a window technique that selects the larger of (i) the maximum delay-offset value (DOP) in the previous window and (ii) the maximum delay-offset value so far (DOM) in current window. This windowing technique can be implemented without having to store all of the individual values over a specified window size, as in a conventional sliding window technique. This windowing technique can be used to find extreme (i.e., either maximum or minimum) values for applications other than ACR systems.

Abstract: A stochastic signal generation circuit includes a signal output circuit and a signal processing circuit connected with the signal output circuit. The signal output circuit includes two matching semiconductor components, wherein the signal output circuit detects a slight mismatch between the two matching semiconductor components, converts the detected slight mismatch into a corresponding electric signal, amplifies the electric signal, and outputs an analog voltage signal. The signal processing circuit converts the analog voltage signal into a stochastic digital signal. Also, a method for generating a stochastic signal is provided. The present invention decreases the cost of the integrated circuit, and better ensures the information security of the electronic products.

Abstract: A wireless communication device comprises a first sub-system arranged to pass data to a second sub-system comprising timing synchronization logic operably coupled to a counter, such that data is sampled by the timing synchronization logic when passed to the second sub-system from the first sub-system wherein the wireless communication device is characterized in that the timing synchronization logic is arranged to determine a position of a first data frame and in response thereto initiate a counting process of the counter and determine a position of a second data frame and in response thereto determine a count value from the counting process of the counter and in response to the count value determine whether to initiate a timing advance or timing retard operation on the data being passed to the second sub-system. In this manner, the inventive concept provides the wireless communication device with a mechanism to achieve timing synchronization.

Abstract: A target time stamp on a target time-base is obtained from a originating time stamp on an originating time-base of an audio video transport system by first taking samples simultaneously from transport streams having the originating time-base and target timebase, respectively. A current sample and an immediately preceding sample for the originating time-base and target time-base are stored, respectively. A first difference is determined between the current sample and an immediately preceding sample for the originating time-base and a second difference is determined between the current sample and an immediately preceding sample for the target time-base, respectively.

Abstract: According to various embodiments of the disclosure, systems, methods and apparatuses are provided for using ranging to improve network efficiency. In particular, various embodiments of the disclosure provide ranging to improve local clock time synchronization. According to one embodiment, a method for synchronizing a plurality of nodes on a communication network is provided, comprising: exchanging local clock times between a first node and a second node over the communication network; performing a ranging method between the first and second nodes based on the local clock times exchanged between the first and second nodes, wherein the ranging method results in an estimated propagation delay between the first and second nodes; and adjusting the local clock times of the first and second nodes based on the estimated propagation delay, thereby resulting in a synchronized local clock time at the first and second nodes.

Abstract: A method and system for reducing power consumption of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) signal synchronization circuit comprises a sync setting, a sync controller, a sync pipeline and a data corrector. The sync setting dynamically changes correlation data sample rate based on synchronization statuses and results. The sync controller controls and schedules frame and symbol synchronizations, and turns on and off the sync pipeline based on synchronization activities. The sync pipeline integrates frame and symbol synchronization operations, synchronizes receiving signal with scalable synchronization window, synchronization sequence length, synchronization delay and variable data sample rate. Data corrector adjusts input data with coarse timing and fine frequency offsets estimated in sync pipeline, and generates corrected output data for further processing. By using the above techniques, the power consumption of signal synchronization circuit is reduced.

Abstract: Method and apparatus to synchronize packet rate for audio information are described.

Abstract: A source communication device includes a source network clock to control timing of communicating with other devices in a network, a source streaming clock associated with processing of audio or video data, a time stamp generator to generate a time stamp that includes a source network clock value and a source streaming clock value, and a time stamp insertion mechanism that incorporates the time stamp into a data unit that is to be transmitted to one of the other devices in the network. A sink communication device includes a sink network clock synchronized with the source network clock, a sink streaming clock associated with processing of audio or video data, and a sink time stamp mechanism to compare a sink streaming clock value with the source streaming clock value, and adjust the sink streaming clock based on the comparison.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and system for providing synchronization clock performance simulation in a timing-over-packet network having a network management system. The system retrieves information from nodes in a network and determines a timing-over-packet topology in a simulated model of the network, and determines clock stability statistics. The system further accepts simulation inputs such as addition or deletion of nodes in the simulated network, or introduction of failures into in the simulated network. The system provides predicted clock stability performance of an existing network under various simulated conditions without requiring modifications or introduction of failures to the existing network which would be useful for network optimization and network planning.

Abstract: Correcting a time of reception of a data packet is disclosed. A radio-frequency input is converted to a data-output signal. A data clock is recovered from the data-output signal. A phase offset is measured between the data-output signal and the data clock. A time of reception is corrected based at least in part on a timestamp. The timestamp is a sampled value of a counter at a time of reception of a data packet and the phase offset. The time correction can be used to calculate a distance estimate.

Abstract: A method of clock recovery of Time Division Multiplex signal in a packet network, wherein a first Provider Edge receives a timing message from a second Provider Edge and upon reception of said timing message a counter of said first Provider Edge is increased. The first Provider Edge sends to the second Provider Edge encapsulated Time Division Multiplex packet traffic and each packet sent to the second Provider Edge causes the counter to decrease. The first Provider Edge compares value of the counter with an Upper Threshold value and with a Low Threshold value and increases a rate of generation of the encapsulation packets if the counter is above said Upper Threshold or reduces the rate of generation of the encapsulation packets if the counter is below said Low Threshold.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for synchronizing clocks of a set of nodes in a TDMA (“Time Division Multiple Access”) communication network comprising a plurality of nodes, among which some called time reference (TR) nodes are synchronized to a common time reference through a predetermined out-of-band synchronization mechanism, other nodes being called non-TR nodes, each node comprising an internal clock, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: transmitting, at the level of at least one of said TR nodes, a broadcast beacon packet during a given time slot of sub-frames, each sub-frame comprising a plurality of time slots; propagating among the remaining nodes said beacon packet using the slotted structure of the TDMA protocol, each node being pre-assigned a conflict-free time slot in a sub-frame to broadcast said beacon packet received from another node in a previous slot of said sub-frame; and updating in at least two of said non-TR nodes the internal clock based on an updated offset estimate, up

Abstract: A method and a multimode terminal for minimizing current consumption and simultaneously reducing a handover processing time when a handover occurs between communication networks which provide communication services using different mobile communication technologies. The communication network modems of the multimode terminal are interconnected via a one-to-one communication path, so that a handover target communication network modem is powered on only when handover actually occurs. In this way, by efficiently determining a time point when the handover target communication network modem is powered on, a processing time according to the occurrence of handover can be reduced, and additional current consumption can be minimized.

Abstract: A method and system for data communication between a base station and at least one transponder via a high-frequency electromagnetic carrier signal onto which information packets are modulated. Each information packet has a header section, a middle section, and a trailer section. The header section can be provided in a forward link of a data communication between the base station and the transponders for controlling data communication. The header section is used in a return link of a data communication in order to transmit information from the transponder to the base station.

Abstract: Burst mode clock and data recovery (BCDR) circuit and method capable of fast data recovery of passive optical network (PON) traffic. An over-sampled data stream is generated from an input burst data signal and a phase interpolator generates sampling clock signals using a reference clock and phase information. A phase estimation unit (PEU) determines a phase error in the over-sampled data streams; and a phase retrieval unit sets the phase interpolator with the respective phase information of the input burst data signal prior to reception of the input burst data signal.

Abstract: A signal transmitting device includes: a synchronous-data detecting unit that detects, from parallel data specified by a predetermined format and including video data and audio data, synchronous data for controlling synchronization of the parallel data; an audio extracting unit that stores the audio data in an audio memory; a clock extracting unit that extracts a reference clock from the parallel data; a multiplexing unit that multiplexes the audio data and the synchronous data in a horizontal auxiliary data space of the video data; a control unit that controls, on the basis of the synchronous data and the reference clock, timing of the multiplexing unit for multiplexing the audio data with the video data; and a parallel serial converting unit that converts the video data multiplexed with the audio data by the multiplexing unit into a transmission stream specified by a Level A of a 3G-SDI format.

Abstract: A network device having a system performance measurement unit employing one or more global time stamps for measuring the device performance is disclosed. The device includes an ingress circuit, a global time counter, an egress circuit, and a processor. The ingress circuit is configured to receive a packet from an input port while the global time counter generates an arrival time stamp in accordance with the arrival time of the packet. The egress circuit is capable of forwarding the packet to other network devices via an output port. The processor, in one embodiment, is configured to calculate packet latency in response to the arrival time stamp.

Abstract: The CRC for the CPS Header of an ATM AAL2 cell is generated by a CRC generator which uses the 8 bits of the CID field to generate partial 5 bits CRCs which are loaded in a first table. The 6 bits LI field and 5 bits UUI field are added to the partial 5 bits CRC to form 16 bits. The CRC generator uses the 2.sup.16 bits to generate a second CRC table. The CRC for a particular CPS header is generated by correlating bits in the CID field, LI field and UUI field with the two tables.

Abstract: In a packet-based (e.g., Ethernet) network, such as the network of central offices and base stations of a wireless telephone system, a node receives one or more incoming packet-based signals from one or more other nodes of the network and recovers a clock signal from each incoming packet-based signal. The node selects one of the recovered clock signals as the node's reference clock signal. When the node is part of a base station, the node uses the selected clock to generate and transmit one or more outgoing packet-based signals to one or more central offices. The node also uses the selected clock to generate the base station's wireless transmissions. In one implementation, the base stations and central offices are connected by Ethernet facilities.

Abstract: A transmitting method has steps of modulating carrier waves having frequencies set at ½N?n (n?N; n is a positive integer) of a reference frequency with transmission signals to produce modulated signals, multiplexing the modulated signals by frequency division multiplexing to produce an input signal, and transmitting the input signal to a synchronous detector in which the transmission signals are extracted from the input signal by calculating a moving average of the input signal every sampling period of time corresponding to the reference frequency and performing an addition and subtraction calculation corresponding to the cycle of each carrier wave for the moving averages. The frequency of each carrier wave, modulated with one transmission signal having a first signal level, is equal to or lower than the frequency of any carrier wave modulated with another transmission signal having a second signal level higher than the first signal level.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for in-band signaling of at least two simultaneous digital media streams in a network, the two simultaneous streams being a part of a media session. Each of the at least two simultaneous streams is generated from a corresponding source. The generated simultaneous streams are synchronized by using a unique marker packet. Each synchronized stream is transmitted to a destination corresponding to each source.

Abstract: A system and method for squelching a recovered clock in an Ethernet network. In one embodiment the invention provides a method for squelching a recovered clock in an Ethernet network comprising a local node coupled to a remote node by a link, the method including receiving a descrambler status signal, receiving a remote receiver status signal, receiving a link status signal, and squelching the recovered clock signal based on the descrambler status signal, the remote receiver status signal, and the link status signal.

Abstract: A receiver circuit is described. In the receiver circuit, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) generates first samples of a data signal based on a first clock signal, and a clock-data-recovery (CDR) error-detection circuit generates second samples of the data signal based on a second clock signal. In addition, the CDR error-detection circuit estimates intersymbol interference (ISI) at a current sample in the second samples from an adjacent, subsequent sample in the second samples. Based on the second samples and the estimated ISI, a CDR circuit generates the first clock signal and the second clock signal, which involves modifying the skews of either or both of these clock signals so that the current sample is associated with a zero crossing of a pulse response of a communication channel from which the data signal was received, thereby reducing or eliminating the ISI from the adjacent, subsequent sample.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for transmitting the synchronization signal in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based cellular system. The cell search process widely used in the OFDM based cellular system is divided into two steps for obtaining the frame timing synchronization and obtaining the cell-specific scrambling code. When designing the channel for obtaining the frame timing synchronization and the channel for obtaining the cell-specific scrambling code, different frequency reuse factors are applied to the synchronization channels of different steps according to the characteristics of each synchronization obtainment step in order to improve the performance of each step.

Abstract: The communication system having a transmitter and a receiver, wherein the transmitter and the receiver are coupled by a clock channel and a data channel, wherein the clock channel is shorter than the data channel and wherein the receiver comprises a delay circuit for extracting a jitter signal from a clock channel signal, delaying the extracted jitter signal, and generating a receiver clock signal for the receiver by the delayed jitter signal.

Abstract: A method is provided for maximizing utility of a media delivery network having a media source, a first media adaptor, a second media adaptor and a media renderer. The media source can provide data in a first format and a second format. The first media adaptor can receive the data in the first format from the media source. The second media adaptor can receive the data in the second format from the media source. The first media adaptor can further provide data in a third format based on the received data in the first format. The second media adaptor can further provide data in a fourth format based on the received data in the second format. The media renderer can render the data in the third format and can render the data in the fourth format.

Abstract: A radio base-station apparatus with improved frame transmission efficiency by avoiding interference of preambles and frame control information between sectors of a cell or between cells with a frequency reuse factor. In the apparatus OFDMA multiple-access processing is performed for each of a plurality of sectors of a cell, and frames made of logical subchannel numbers and OFDMA symbol numbers are configured in synchronization respectively for the plurality of sectors, and offsets are added to the beginnings of given frames such that the preambles and frame control information arranged sequentially from the beginnings of the frames do not overlap on the OFDMA symbol numbers.