Abstract: A first spectrum management apparatus that includes circuitry that acquires spectrum utilization information, determines a probability of getting spectrum resources, determines, based on the probability, adjusted spectrum sensing parameters to be used by the first wireless communication system, the adjusted spectrum sensing parameters including an energy detection threshold for spectrum sensing, transmits, to the first wireless communication system, an instruction to change original spectrum sensing parameters of the first wireless communication system to the adjusted spectrum sensing parameters, receives, from a second spectrum management apparatus that manages a second wireless communication system, spectrum sensing parameters changing feedback indicating that the second wireless communication system has been influenced by the first wireless communication system using the adjusted spectrum sensing parameters, and transmits, to the first wireless communication system, another instruction to change the adjust

Abstract: Example storage systems, data storage devices, and methods provide redundant array of independent disk (RAID) control among peer storage devices. A master storage device among peer storage devices receives host commands and determines, based on a peer RAID configuration, data blocks for redundantly storing the host data unit among the peer storage devices. The master storage device allocates the data blocks among the peer storage devices and sends them to the peer storage devices using a peer communication channel.

Abstract: A portable operation interface transmits an instruction to switch an operation mode to a stacker crane with an automatic operation mode and a manual operation mode via a first wireless communication route. A second receiver is connected to the stacker crane. For example, a portable operation interface including a portable remote controller wirelessly transmits to the second receiver a connection request to establish wireless communication in the second wireless communication route. The second wireless communication route is a different route from the first wireless communication route. The second receiver that receives the connection request determines whether a first condition that the stacker crane is in the manual operation mode is satisfied. The second receiver establishes wireless communication via the second wireless communication route with the portable operation interface when it is determined that the first condition is satisfied.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present specification provide example blockchain-based data processing methods, mediums, and systems. One example method includes obtaining an available Nonce record for a target transaction from a Nonce list. The Nonce list comprises Nonce records, and each Nonce record comprises a version identifier of the Nonce list and a Nonce value. The available Nonce record to the target transaction is added. The target transaction in a blockchain is published. Prompt information indicating that the target transaction is an invalid transaction is received when a version identifier in the available Nonce record does not match the version identifier of the Nonce list; or a notification message indicating that the target transaction is processed is received when the version identifier in the available Nonce record matches the version identifier of the Nonce list and a replay attack detection is successfully performed by matching the available Nonce record with a Nonce record in the Nonce list.

Abstract: An abnormality detection method is provided. The abnormality detection method is for detecting an abnormality that may be transmitted to a bus in an on-board network system. The on-board network system includes a plurality of electronic controllers that transmit and receive messages via the bus in a vehicle according to a CAN protocol. In the abnormality detection method, for example, a gateway transmits vehicle identification information to a server and receives a response determining a unit time. An operation process is performed using feature information based on a number of messages received from the bus per the determined unit time and using a model indicating a criterion in terms of a message occurrence frequency. A judgment is made as to an abnormality according to a result of the operation process.

Abstract: Provided is a detecting device which detects an unauthorized message in a vehicle-mounted network including a plurality of vehicle-mounted devices and includes a monitoring unit that monitors a transmission message in the vehicle-mounted network, an acquisition unit that acquires a distribution of transmission intervals between the transmission messages, and a detecting unit that detects the unauthorized message on the basis of a monitoring result of the monitoring unit and the distribution acquired by the acquisition unit.

Abstract: A wireless security camera system includes a security camera, a first communication module which receives, from the security camera, images captured by the security camera, and includes antennas for transmitting, through a wireless network, the captured images received, a second communication module including antennas for receiving the captured image to be transmitted through the antennas, and a storage unit for storing the captured image received by the second communication module, wherein the captured images are transmitted and received between the plurality of antennas of the first communication module and the plurality of antennas of the second communication module in a multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) manner, and the first communication module and the second communication module perform beamforming to the plurality of antennas toward the direction of the other party when transmitting the captured images to transmit and receive.

Abstract: A communication system includes: an information acquisition unit that acquires node information, which indicates the presence or absence of the execution of a reissuing process by communication processing nodes, for a plurality of switching processes in the case where a switching process has been executed once each for all of communication lines; and a system information generation unit that generates system information, which indicates the system of a communication network, on the basis of a plurality of pieces of node information that have been acquired.

Abstract: Disclosed is a Multiple Security Level Monitor (“MSLM”) for monitoring a plurality of MIL-STD-1553 data buses (“1553 buses”) having at least one security level. The MSLM includes a system high processing device (“SHPD”) and a plurality of bus data monitors (“BDMs”). Each BDM is in signal communication with the SHPD via a plurality of signal paths that are separate from the plurality of 1553 buses. The plurality of BDMs includes least two BDMs. The first and second BDMs are in signal communication with a first and second 1553 bus having a first security level and second security level, respectively, where the signal communication is only in a receive mode from the first and second 1553 buses to the two BDMs.

Abstract: A single-wire bus (SuBUS) slave circuit is provided. The SuBUS slave circuit is coupled to a SuBUS bridge circuit via a SuBUS and can be configured to perform a slave task that may block communication on the SuBUS. Notably, the SuBUS slave circuit may not be equipped with an accurate timing reference source that can determine a precise timing for terminating the slave task and unblock the SuBUS. Instead, the SuBUS slave circuit is configured to terminate the slave task and unblock the SuBUS based on a self-determined slave free-running-oscillator count derived from a start-of-sequence training sequence that precedes any SuBUS telegram of a predefined SuBUS operation, even though the SuBUS operation is totally unrelated to the slave task. As such, it may be possible to eliminate the accurate timing reference source from the SuBUS slave circuit, thus helping to reduce cost and current drain in the SuBUS slave circuit.

Abstract: In a method for initializing a bus system, and a bus system having a master module and serially disposed bus subscribers, the master module asks the bus subscribers to log into the master module. After logging into the master module, each bus subscriber waits a predefined period of time to see whether a further bus subscriber logs into the master module, and closes the bus system if no further bus subscriber logs into the master module within the predefined period of time.

Abstract: Generating a token for tracking a state of communications with multiple external services. Data is caused to be acquired from external services as a result of interpreting a communication from a client. The causing of the data to be acquired comprises causing a request to be issued for data from a first external service and receiving a response from the first external service. The response from the first external service includes at least a token associated with the first external service. In response to receiving the response from the first external service, an aggregate token is generated that includes the token associated with the first external service and a status of the request to the first external service. The aggregate token is caused to be sent to the client and is interpretable to inform the computer system of the status of the request to the first external service.

Abstract: A method for the automatic adjustment of a maximum token holding time of a first bus participant in a BACnet MS/TP bus system. The method includes analyzing the data traffic in the bus system during a first time interval and adjusting a maximum token holding time of the first bus participant based on the analysis of the data traffic during the first time interval, whereby the analysis of the data traffic during the first time interval includes determining a data transmission pattern of a second bus participant, whereby the data transmission pattern of the second bus participant is defined by a measured data volume of the second bus participant and its distribution over time.

Abstract: A plug for detecting tampering of a container is configured to close an opening of the container. The plug includes an attachment device for attaching the plug to the opening of the container, a motion sensor for sensing rotation of the plug with respect to the container, a communication device for communicating with a server, a microcontroller unit and a memory unit. The microcontroller unit is configured to compare a sensed rotation of the plug to a service schedule stored in the memory and detect the tampering of the container based on the comparison.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing multi-parameter current sharing are described. In some embodiments, a printer may include a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory having program instructions stored thereon that, upon execution by the processor, cause the printer to: assume master status; receive a first peer list from a first peer printer; create an updated peer list, where the updated peer list lists the printer; send the updated peer list to the first peer printer; receive confirmation that the updated peer list was accepted by the first peer printer; and release master status.

Abstract: A serial communication branching device and a serial communication system are provided. The serial communication branching device, which branches a plurality of slaves connected to the master by a daisy chain into a plurality of paths, is equipped with a first communication circuit that carries out communication with the master connected to a preceding stage side, a plurality of second communication circuits that carry out communication with the slaves of the paths connected to a subsequent stage side, and a path selection circuit disposed between the first communication circuit and the second communication circuits. In the case that a slave connected on the subsequent stage side transmits a reply signal to the master responsive to a transmission signal transmitted from the master, the path selection circuit selects a path of the slave that transmits the reply signal, and outputs the reply signal from the selected path to the master.

Abstract: A packet transmitter includes a higher layer transmission block and a lower layer transmission block. The higher layer transmission block generates a higher layer data signal including payload data and a header for each packet of a plurality of packets based on an application layer data signal and an application layer control signal. The higher layer transmission block outputs the header after the payload data through the higher layer data signal. The lower layer transmission block generates a lower layer data signal including the header and the payload data for each packet based on the higher layer data signal and a higher layer control signal. The lower layer transmission block outputs the payload data after the header through the lower layer data signal.

Abstract: An encoding apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes: an encoder configured to request for storage of an original frame; a frame processing unit configured to generate an encoded frame having the original framed encoded therein; and a frame memory configured to store the encoded frame. Here, the frame processing unit is configured to generate the original frame by encoding the encoded frame stored in the frame memory according to a request of the encoder, and the encoder is configured to perform encoding according to the original frame.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and a method for one-time password (OTP)-based authentication. The system for OTP-based authentication includes a transceiver module configured to receive an authentication request from a client and transmit a result of the authentication according to the authentication request to the client, an authentication accumulation management module configured to provide statistical information about authentication success of the client for each time interval within a predetermined effective range of time, an OTP generation module configured to generate a server-side OTP using previously stored authentication information and time information that is acquired from the statistical information about authentication success, and an authentication module configured to authenticate the client by comparing a client-side OTP included in the authentication request with the server-side OTP.

Abstract: Digital content distribution systems and methods are provided for distributing for digital data files, such as digital audio and video data files. In accordance with one implementation, a token-based authentication system is provided that does not require knowledge of the individual user requesting the download of digital content data or real-time access to user account information. Instead, the token-based authentication system embeds the authentication information, or token, in the download request information itself. In this way, the download or content server authenticates the download request using the token contained in the download request information and therefore does not require any additional information to carry out this authentication, such as access to user account information.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a network appliance and associated access policy protocol (APP) that communicates and obeys access policies within a network. The network appliance (APP node) propagates access policies to other APP nodes that can utilize the policies most effectively. When an access policy reaches the network boundary, intra network bandwidth is optimized. The access policies may be distributed and executed in the cloud—e.g. proxy firewall, proxy policy execution.

Abstract: In a filtering setting support device, a logical/physical mapping section generates mapping information that represents a path on the layout of a network by a combination of start nodes and end nodes, the path being, for each flow identifier, from a transmission source node to a destination node, based on node physical layout information and access policy information. The access policy information manages flow information including a combination of transmission source node and destination node, by attaching a flow identifier. A filtering point analysis section specifies as a filtering point a node where a plurality of flows are co-present. A common formal rule generating section generates common formal rules that are to be set at the filtering point. A common formal rule output section presents common formal rules to a network administrator.

Abstract: A cluster of computer system nodes share direct read/write access to storage devices via a storage area network using a cluster filesystem. At least one trusted metadata server assigns a mandatory access control label as an extended attribute of each filesystem object regardless of whether required by a client node accessing the filesystem object. The mandatory access control label indicates the sensitivity and integrity of the filesystem object and is used by the trusted metadata server(s) to control access to the filesystem object by all client nodes.

Abstract: A method of controlling data transmission from a transmitting unit to a receiving unit through an asynchronous serial link is provided. The method is performed by a controlling unit and includes the steps of sequentially receiving data and synchronization messages are sequentially received from the transmitting unit; sequentially parsing the messages received; and when a message parsed is a synchronization message, blocking relaying to the receiving unit, of the data messages following said synchronization message, until an event associated with the synchronization message occurs.

Abstract: A method and system for distributing messages sent from senders to receivers in a reliable and real-time manner. Some of the receivers are designated as recording receivers that are responsible for recording each message that it receives so it can provide to other receivers messages they have missed. When a sender distributes a message, it waits for an acknowledgement from a recorder that it received and recorded the message. If an acknowledgement is received, then the sender knows at least one recorder has a copy of the message that that recorder can provide to other receivers that missed the message. When a receiver detects that it missed a message, it then initiates a “hole filling” process that distributes a request for the missing message to the recorders. A recorder who can provide the missing message sends to the requesting receiver a response indicating it can provide the missing message.

Abstract: A wireline communication system and method are provided that utilize a military standard 1553 bus to transmit both military standard 1553 communication signals and other communication signals, such as those transmitted in accordance with another communications protocol. A wireline communication system may include a military standard 1553 bus and a military standard 1553 node configured to communicate with military standard 1553 communication signals at a first predefined range of frequencies. The wireline communication system further includes a first interface node configured to communicate via the military standard 1553 bus with second communication signals having a second predefined range of frequencies, different than the first predefined range of frequencies. The second communication signals are transmitted along the military standard 1553 bus at less than a predetermined decibel level.

Abstract: A method is described of downloading a data item from a source to each node of a plurality of nodes of a data center, wherein the data item is split in a plurality of disjoint chunks. The method includes receiving each chunk of the plurality of chunks from the source by only one node of the plurality of nodes; and distributing the plurality of chunks among the plurality of nodes within the data center until each node of the plurality of nodes has the plurality of chunks forming the data item.

Abstract: A communications system comprises a terminal, and network resources. The terminal is operable to transmit substantially simultaneously a data portion and a data transfer request for that data portion to the network resources.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for receiving an outgoing packet from a source virtual machine; obtaining a secret key for the source virtual machine, the secret key not being known by a destination virtual machine; obtaining a unique token derived at least partly from the secret key and a network address of the destination virtual machine; encapsulating the outgoing packet in a second packet along with the token and a token expiration time; and sending the second packet to the destination virtual machine.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus includes multiple processing means that are connected in a ring shape via corresponding communication means respectively. Each communication means includes a reception means for receiving data from a previous communication means, and a transmission means for transmitting data to a next communication means. Connection information is assigned to each of the reception means and the transmission means. The communication means, when receiving a packet that has same connection information as one assigned to its reception means, causes the corresponding processing means to perform data processing on the packet, sets the connection information assigned to its transmission means to the packet, and transmits the packet to the next communication means, and when receiving a packet that has connection information that is not same as one assigned to its reception means, transmits the packet to the next communication means without changing the connection information of the packet.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a wireless-enabled component (WEC) for enabling a wireless bus for intra-chip and inter-chip communication. A WEC encompasses a functional block of an IC (such as, for example, a processing core of a processing unit), an entire IC (such as, for example, a processing unit), or a device that includes a plurality of ICs (such as, for example, a handheld device). According to embodiments, a WEC may be associated with one or more sub-blocks of an IC, a single IC, or a plurality of ICs.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide an apparatus and method for adapting wireless sensor network device operation to ambient RF noise. An example embodiment includes: initializing a noise threshold value to a default value; detecting an ambient RF noise level on a plurality of channels of a wireless network device; if the ambient RF noise level detected on a pre-determined number of channels is above the noise threshold value, adjusting the noise threshold value by an increment and retesting the ambient RF noise level on the plurality of channels; if the noise threshold value exceeds a pre-determined maximum noise threshold value, suspending data communications by the wireless network device; and if the ambient RF noise level detected on a pre-determined number of channels is below the noise threshold value, retaining the noise threshold value and enabling data communications by the wireless network device.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a transmission apparatus is installed in a locomotive having ID information. A first connecting direction and a second connecting direction opposite the first connecting direction are defined for the locomotive. The transmission apparatus includes a transmission unit and a connection state determination unit. The transmission unit transmits the ID information received from other locomotive from one of the first connecting direction and the second connecting direction to other one of the first connecting direction and the second connecting direction. The connection state determination unit determines a connection state between the other locomotive and the locomotive in which the transmission apparatus is installed, based on the received ID information.

Abstract: To provide a communication system and a communication method that are capable of determining with a simple configuration the validity of a message that is communicated with the communication system, a plurality of ECUs is connected in the communication system to a communication bus, allowing communication of messages. A communication interval, which is defined for each message being communicated, is set for each ECU. The ECU that transmits the message transmits the message on the basis of the defined communication interval. The ECU that receives the transmitted message detects the communication interval of the received message, and determines the validity of the received message on the basis of a comparison between the detected communication interval and the defined communication interval.

Abstract: Certain aspects of a method and system for quality of service and congestion management for converged network interface devices are disclosed. Aspects of a method may include processing at least one of: input/output (I/O) requests and network packets in a converged network interface card (CNIC) based on a class associated with each of the I/O requests and network packets by storing on the CNIC, information that identifies the I/O requests and network packets, without storing on the I/O requests and network packets on the CNIC.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a communication centralized control system including one master device; a communication bus; and a plurality of slave devices configured to be connected to the master device by the communication bus, wherein the master device and the plurality of slave devices are capable of bidirectional communication via the communication bus, and different channels are allocated to at least polling communication from the master device to the slave devices and interrupt communication from the slave devices to the master device, and communication is carried out with multiplexing on the same line.

Abstract: Transfer of data is facilitated between at least one application and a peer via a network. Data destined for the peer is provided from the at least one application for transmission to the peer via the network. Modulation event tokens are managed, and protocol processing of the data with the peer is based in part on a result of the modulation event tokens managing such that protocol processed data is caused to be transmitted to the peer via the network nominally with desired data transmission rate characteristics. A result of the protocol processing step is fed back to the to the modulation event tokens managing. The desired data transmission rate characteristics may include, for example, shaping and pacing.

Abstract: While ECUs are connected with a distribution apparatus via a communication line, each of the ECUs sends status notification representing own status to the distribution apparatus. The distribution apparatus creates status information representing status of the ECUs in accordance with status notifications received from the ECUs connected with the distribution apparatus. This status information is sent to other distribution apparatuses together with data for synchronizing a database. The other ECUs perform similar operations to those of the ECUs, while the other distribution apparatuses perform similar operations to those of the distribution apparatus. Therefore, each of the distribution apparatuses can recognize the status of all the ECUs.

Abstract: In a token bus system a node with the token can transmit on the bus a packet that contains two destination addresses. One address specifies the node that should receive the data component (payload) of the transmitted packet. The other address specifies the node that should receive the token. The network protocol specifies that a node with the token must immediately transmit a packet containing just the token or a packet with token and data if it has data to send. When no data is being passed from one node to another on the network, the token may be passed from one node to the next in order. Each node will pass the token to the next highest node number. If a node has the token has some data for sending it transmits a packet with the token for the next node and data for any of the nodes. The bus system requires every node to receive all packets and process them to determine whether the token or the data (or both) is destined for that node.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and device for transmitting data between at least two transmitters and a receiver which are connected to a bus. A synchronization signal is applied to the bus and a number of data volume counters corresponding to the number of transmitters reduced by one is set to a predefined initial value. A first transmitter transmits in the form of data elements a predefined data volume allocated to the transmitter over the bus to the receiver. The data volume values of the other transmitters are selected so that only one transmitter at any given time simultaneously transmits on the bus.

Abstract: To support an intra-device communication using inter-device wireless communications, an RF bus controller is operably coupled to receive an RF bus access request from one of a plurality of circuit modules for an intra-device RF communication. The RF bus controller determines whether to grant the RF bus access request using intra-device RF bus resources or inter-device RF bus resources. The RF bus controller determines desired inter-device RF bus resources of another device when the inter-device RF bus resources are to be used. The RF bus controller transmit a request for access to the desired inter-device RF bus resources to an RF bus controller of the another device. The RF bus controller establishes an RF communication link between the one of the plurality of circuit modules and a target circuit module of another IC within the device when access to the desired inter-device RF bus resources is granted.

Abstract: A method of scanning for an encoded signal, such as a GSM encoded signal, in a frequency band is disclosed herein. The disclosed method provides either more rapid acquisition of a signal, or increased battery life for mobile devices in regions without service. A corresponding mobile device that performs the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to compress video data to smaller size and embed extra information into the compressed data using the integrated lossy and lossless compressions is described. The method can be used to compress reference frames of a video codec (coder/decoder) combines codec where the small noise is critical and to reduce bus bandwidth. Data transfer between an encoder and an external frame memory connected via an external bus in a video codec is reduced by compressing data from the encoder prior to inputting into the frame memory over the external bus, and decompressing the compressed data from the frame memory after retrieving over the external bus. Reference frames are compressed to variable size without causing any considerable artifact to reduce bus bandwidth between the encoder core and external memory. In the method, lossy and lossless compression is integrated to maximize the compression efficiency.

Abstract: In a method for transmitting data in a control system, a first station generates a data frame having a plurality of data fields. At least one data field to be filled with transmission data is clearly assigned to each further station. The data frame is transmitted as an outgoing data frame from one station to the next, with every further station filling the respectively assigned data field with transmission data. The last station returns the data frame as a returning data frame to the series of stations. The stations read extraneous transmission data from the data fields in the returning data frame. Preferably, the respective data fields are individually assigned to the stations.

Abstract: A method and a device for exchanging data in messages between at least two stations connected by a bus system. The messages contain the data being transmitted by the stations over the bus system. Each message contains an identifier characterizing the data contained therein. Each station decides on the basis of the identifier whether to receive the message. The messages are controlled in time by a first station. The first station repeatedly transmits a reference message over the bus in at least one specifiable time interval. The time interval is subdivided into time windows of a specifiable length, the messages being transmitted in the time windows.

Abstract: A method of providing a medium access control protocol using a listen before-talk scheme within a wireless network having a plurality of stations communicating over a channel, wherein a valid route from a source station to a destination station via at least one more station is determined, said method comprising: transmitting a data packet over said channel by a first station; receiving said data packet in a second station; analyzing data in said data packet by said second station whether said data packet is to be forwarded further; and if said data packet is to be forwarded further, prioritizing transmission of said data packet on said valid route.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of reducing a channel switching delay in TDM mobile television systems, and comprises receiving a data burst associated with channels for reception on a RF channel bandwidth received on a mobile television receiver, wherein the data burst comprises a plurality of RTP packets and a RTCP packet; buffering the data burst upon reception of a first RTP packet; synchronizing the buffered data burst to allow for reception of playable A/V data; and adjusting the synchronized buffered data burst upon reception of the RTCP packet. The method may further comprise performing the synchronizing upon reception of the RTCP packet. The method may further comprise inserting a null packet in the data burst prior to performing the buffering. The first RTP packet is preferably received prior to reception of the RTCP packet.

Abstract: A method of measuring bus traffic on a controller area network (CAN) is described. Accordingly, in one embodiment, a digital oscilloscope acquires the CAN bus signal in the form of a waveform in real-time. The waveform is converted into a bit stream, and the bitstream is analyzed to carry out various measurements in a CAN measurement system. The method may be used for continuous monitoring of bus traffic and measuring of various parameters related thereto, such as bus occupancy by a particular node. The acquired data may be analyzed for measuring bus occupancy by various types of CAN message frames. The user is presented with a data display and a graphical display of the measurements. Also, the user is allowed to enter an identifier for a node to obtain measurements relating to that particular node.

Abstract: A 1553 data communication system having a primary data bus, a redundant data bus and a non-1553 data communication overlay system is provided. The non-1553 data communication overlay system comprises a non-1553 bus controller terminal and a non-1553 remote terminal. Each non-1553 terminal includes a non-1553 transmitter block connected to the primary bus and the redundant bus for sending non-1553 signals, a non-1553 receiver block for receiving non-1553 signals and a non-1553 receive path selection block. The non-1553 receive path selection block selectively establishes a receive path between the primary data bus or the redundant data bus and the non-1553 receiver block according to predefined receive path selection criteria. A 1553 data communication method is also provided.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer program products for preemption in asynchronous systems using anti-tokens are disclosed. According to one aspect, configurable system for constructing asynchronous application specific integrated data pipeline circuits with preemption includes a plurality of modular circuit stages that are connectable with each other and with other circuit elements to form multi-stage asynchronous application specific integrated data pipeline circuits for asynchronously sending data and tokens in a forward direction through the pipeline and for asynchronously sending anti-tokens in a backward direction through the pipeline. Each stage is configured to perform a handshaking protocol with other pipeline stages, the protocol including receiving either a token from the previous stage or an anti-token from the next stage, and in response, sending both a token forward to the next stage and an anti-token backward to the previous stage.