Abstract: Disclosed herein are radiotherapy systems and methods that can display a workflow-oriented graphical user interface(s). In an embodiment, a system comprises a first display in communication with a server, the first display configured to display a first graphical user interface; a second display in communication with the server, the second display configured to display a second graphical user interface, wherein the server is configured to: present the first graphical user interface for displaying on the first display, wherein the first graphical user interface contains one or more pages corresponding to one or more stages of a radiotherapy treatment, wherein the server transitions from a first page of the one or more pages representing a first stage to a second page of the one or more pages representing a second stage responsive to an indication that at least a predetermined portion of tasks associated with the first stage has been satisfied.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a radiotherapy planning apparatus includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured to acquire dose rate distribution information indicating distribution of a dose rate in an irradiation path of radiation based on irradiation conditions of the radiation. The processing circuitry is configured to acquire irradiation effect discrimination information for discriminating irradiation effects of radiation in the irradiation path based on the acquired dose rate distribution information.

Abstract: Techniques for adjusting radiotherapy treatment for a patient in real time are provided. The techniques include retrieving a reference plan that includes three-dimensional (3D) volume representation of information for the patient and a plurality of radiotherapy beam delivery segments; identifying a first portion of the 3D volume representation of information for a first beam delivery segment of the plurality of radiotherapy beam delivery segments that includes a volumetric portion of a target irradiated by the first beam delivery segment; accessing a deformation model representing patient deformation during a radiotherapy treatment fraction; deforming the first portion of the 3D volume representation of information based on the deformation model; and updating one or more parameters of a radiotherapy treatment device based on the deformed first portion of the 3D volume representation of information.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are radiotherapy methods and systems that can display a workflow-oriented graphical user interface(s). In an embodiment, a method comprises presenting, by a server, a graphical user interface for display on a screen positioned on a gantry of a radiotherapy machine, wherein the graphical user interface comprises a page corresponding to a radiotherapy treatment of a patient, wherein the page comprises a first graphical element indicating at least one attribute of the alignment data corresponding to the radiotherapy treatment of the patient.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for radiotherapy treatment planning and delivery that use sensor data from one or more target sensors. One variation of a radiotherapy treatment planning method comprises generating a sensor characterization image based on a sensor characterization probability density function (PDF) of a target sensor and calculating a set of firing filters that may be applied to sensor images generated from sensor data acquired during a radiation-delivery session. Additionally, a variation of a radiotherapy treatment planning method comprises generating multiple sensor characterization images based on multiple sensor characterization PDF of multiple target sensors and calculating multiple sets of firing filters for each of the multiple target sensors.

Abstract: The invention provides for a medical instrument (100, 300, 400, 500, 600) comprising a camera system (102, 102?, 102?) for imaging a portion (418) of a subject (108) reposing on a subject support (106). The medical instrument further comprises a display system (104) for rendering a position feedback indicator (130, 900). The display system is configured such that the position feedback indicator is visible to the subject when the subject is reposing on the subject support.

Abstract: Devices and methods that allow a user to elect between performing treatment planning by inverse planning or to be accomplished by utilizing one or more parameters input that are typically associated with forward planning are described herein. The systems can be configured to produce a treatment plan in a single iteration upon initiation of treatment planning or in response to determining or receiving a target geometry. While the system may be used iteratively in an extensively interactive fashion, viable inverse plans can be generated with a single user interaction, such as a single click, or optionally with no click at all. Advantageously, the system can optionally allows a clinician to add or adjust parameters or constraints, for example in another iteration, to provide additional autonomy if desired.

Abstract: A linear accelerator comprises side-coupled cavity cells configured to accelerate electrons with a radio frequency field. The field amplitude in the initial cells is lower than in the later cells, and the initial cells are shorter than the later cells. This creates a capture section where electrons are captured and bunched while experiencing low acceleration, followed by an acceleration section where the bunched electrons experience stronger acceleration.

Abstract: In a radiation treatment plan that includes a plurality of treatment fields of multiple treatment modalities, such as IMRT modality and dynamic treatment path modality (e.g., VMAT and conformal arc therapy), an optimized spatial point sequence may be determined that optimizes the total treatment time, which includes both the beam-on time (i.e., during the delivery of radiation dose) and the beam-off time (i.e., during transitions between consecutive treatment fields). The result is a time-ordered field trajectory that intermixes and interleaves different treatment fields. In one embodiment, a dynamic treatment path may be cut into a plurality of sections, and one or more IMRT fields may be inserted between the plurality of sections.

Abstract: A computer-implemented medical method of determining a breathing signal of a patient is disclosed. The method includes determining a motion trajectory of a structure associated with at least one body part of the patient, the motion trajectory being indicative of a respiratory movement of the structure, acquiring surface data representative of a position of a surface region of the patient, computing an intersection of the determined motion trajectory and the acquired surface data, and determining a breathing signal of the patient based on the computed intersection. The breathing signal is indicative of a breathing state of the patient.

Abstract: The invention is to provide a radiation therapy system capable of widening a radiation irradiation range to a patient without increasing a burden on a structure. The radiation therapy system includes: a radiation source; a rotation mechanism that supports the radiation source and rotates the radiation source around an isocenter; a couch that places a therapy target site of a patient at the isocenter; a head swing mechanism that is disposed between the radiation source and the rotation mechanism and that swings an irradiation axis of a radiation emitted from the radiation source by swinging the radiation source; and a control unit that controls the radiation source, the rotation mechanism, and the head swing mechanism.

Abstract: Systems and methods for real-time target validation during radiation treatment therapy based on real-time target displacement and radiation dosimetry measurements.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for adapting and/or updating radiotherapy treatment plans based on biological and/or physiological data and/or anatomical data extracted or calculated from imaging data acquired in real-time (e.g., during a treatment session). Functional imaging data acquired at the time of radiation treatment is used to modify a treatment plan and/or dose delivery instructions to provide a prescribed dose distribution to patient target regions. Also disclosed herein are methods for evaluating treatment plans based on imaging data acquired in real-time.

Abstract: The present disclosure may provide a radiation system including a first rotation portion, a second rotation portion, a treatment head, one or more imaging sources, and at least one detector. At least a portion of the treatment head may be disposed in the first rotation portion. At least one of the one or more imaging sources may be disposed in the second rotation portion. The second rotation portion may be able to rotate independently from the first rotation portion.

Abstract: This application discloses a method and apparatus for Adaptive Radiation Therapy (ART) based on plan library invoking. The method includes: acquiring a medical image of the day and a target plan library of a target patient, where the target plan library includes a plurality of groups of images of the target patient and a radiation therapy plan corresponding to each set of images; and determining the radiation therapy plan corresponding to the target patient according to the medical image of the day and the target plan library. According to this application, a problem that high-speed ART cannot be achieved due to excessive time consumption during the designing of the radiation therapy plan in the related art is resolved.

Abstract: A data-driven method and system using optical tracking of natural facial features for quick and accurate pose determination during scanning using one or more cameras installed within or on a PET-CT gantry. No patient preparation, fixtures, or artificial features are needed. The pose data is analyzed and incorporated iteratively in reconstruction for reconstruction to motion correct the PET data. The present invention thus results in improved correction of blurring and artifacts caused by head motion during the PET scan.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a cavity of a medical device. The cavity may include a bore and an accommodating cavity configured to provide an accommodating space for at least a portion of a couch in a radial direction of the bore. The accommodating cavity may be disposed on an inner wall of the bore and extend along an axial direction of the bore, and the accommodating cavity may be configured to form, with the bore, a connected space in which the at least a portion of the couch is allowed to move along an axial direction of the bore.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide for coupling Monte Carlo source modeling with deterministic dose calculations. An internal volumetric first scatter distributed source of a patient is determined using Monte Carlo simulations and ingested into one or more dosing algorithms. The dosing algorithms use the source model to determine a dose deposition.

Abstract: A method (100) for generating a treatment plan specifying an irradiation of a patient, the method comprising: a dose inference stage (112), including using a model to infer a spatial dose from patient data; a dose mimicking stage (116), including executing a robust optimization process to generate a deliverable treatment plan which is consistent with the inferred spatial dose, wherein the robust optimization considers a plurality of scenarios relating to patient data uncertainty.

Abstract: The system includes a bed on which an irradiation target is mounted, an irradiation device that irradiates the irradiation target with a particle beam, and a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus that captures an image of an irradiation object and includes a magnet that generates a static magnetic field in an image capturing space in which the irradiation target is disposed, and a yoke disposed outside the image capturing space and through which a magnetic flux of the generated magnetic field passes. The irradiation device 21 is disposed on a back surface side of the yoke when viewed from the image capturing space, and irradiates the irradiation target with the particle beam from a through-hole or gap provided in the yoke. A direction in which the particle beam enters the image capturing space intersects with a direction of a static magnetic field applied to the image capturing space by the magnet.

Abstract: A method for constructing a photon source model function of a medical linear accelerator, for calculating the dose of rays in a radiation therapy scheme is disclosed. A source model of a therapeutic photon beam of the accelerator includes a primary ray photon source model and a scattered ray photon source model. Physical parameters in the two parts of source model functions include the position coordinates of an emission point of a particle, a projection value of a unit momentum vector in a three-dimensional orthogonal direction, and the energy of the particle. By utilizing the model functions, photon fluence information, energy spectrum information, and unit momentum direction information of photons on any phase space plane can be accurately calculated. The method and thought for constructing the source model are applicable to construction of source models of photon beams with various nominal energies of the accelerator used in a radiation therapy.

Abstract: In a rotating magnetic field-variable pyramid energy cabin, shielding plate permanent magnets are disposed on inner surfaces of three triangular shielding plates forming a pyramid shape, to form a stable magnetic field in the triangular shielding plates. A top rotating magnet is disposed at a top of the triangular shielding plates. A bottom rotating magnet is disposed below a seat. The magnetic field in the triangular shielding plates is rotated, to enable a vortex in turbulence of magnetic lines of force to generate a torsion field. The torque of the torsion field changes the spin states of electrons and atomic cores in a hypoxic microfield in the body of a patient, to arrange the electrons and atomic cores in a uniform magnetic field direction. The magnetic actuation of the electrons and atomic cores can make the microfield environment serialized and orderly and increase the negentropy.

Abstract: Dose analysis radiotherapy systems and methods for determine delivered radiotherapy dose, dose rate, irradiation time and position information and planned radiotherapy dose, dose rate, irradiation time and position information. The dose analysis systems and methods further compare the as delivered dose, dose rate, irradiation time and position information to the planned dose, dose rate, irradiation time and position information to generate a graphical representation of one or more of the delivered dose, dose rate, irradiation time and position information versus planned dose, dose rate, irradiation time and position information.

Abstract: The present disclosure may provide a radiation system. The radiation system may include a treatment head, a detector, a plurality of imaging sources, and a gantry. The treatment head, the detector, and the plurality of imaging sources may be mounted on the gantry. The treatment head may be configured to deliver a treatment beam toward an object. The plurality of imaging sources may be configured to deliver a plurality of imaging beams toward the object. At least two of the plurality of imaging sources may share the detector. The detector may be configured to detect at least two of the plurality of imaging beams. The detected at least two imaging beams may be emitted by different imaging sources of the at least two imaging sources.

Abstract: In the context of a multi-criteria optimization workspace, a control circuit provides a user opportunity to modify radiation treatment plan optimization objective values, wherein the optimization objectives include at least one of a radiation treatment plan complexity optimization objective and a radiation treatment delivery time optimization objective. These teachings then provide for the control circuit receiving input from the user comprising a change to at least one of these optimization objective values. By one approach the control circuit first accesses a prioritized list of clinical goals and automatically generates optimization objectives as a function of the prioritized list of clinical goals.

Abstract: A surgical support system including: an eye behaviour monitoring apparatus that monitors eye behaviour of a surgeon performing a surgical procedure to obtain eye behaviour data of the surgeon; a surgical data generating apparatus that generates surgical data associated with the surgical procedure being performed by the surgeon; a surgical intervention apparatus that performs an intervention procedure for intervening in the surgeon's performance of the surgical procedure; and a data processing apparatus that: determines a value of an intervention parameter associated with the surgical procedure using the obtained eye behaviour data; determines an acceptable range of the value of the intervention parameter using the generated surgical data, and if the determined value of the intervention parameter is outside the determined acceptable range of the value of the intervention parameter, controls the surgical intervention apparatus to perform the intervention procedure for intervening in the surgeon's performance of

Abstract: A radiation therapy apparatus according to an embodiment includes a radiation generator and processing circuitry. The radiation generator is configured to emit radiation having an ultrahigh dose rate. The processing circuitry is configured to measure a dose of the radiation emitted from the radiation generator over a period of time. The processing circuitry is configured to calculate an accumulated dose and a dose rate of the radiation emitted from the radiation generator, on a basis of the dose of the radiation measured over the period of time. The processing circuitry is configured to control the radiation generator, on a basis of the dose of the accumulated dose and the dose rate.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and device for IMAT using orthogonal double layer multi leaves collimators. The method includes: discretizing the rotating arc into multiple equally spaced fields; using the conjugate gradient method to calculate the field intensity matrix; using the double-layer grating static segmentation algorithm to calculate the subfields of each field to obtain the first predetermined number of subfields with the largest contribution to the field of each field; selecting two subfields with similar shapes from the first predetermined number of subfields with the largest contribution, distributing them to the arc of rotation, and performing interpolation to obtain discrete subfields; calculating deposition Matrix; iterative calculation of the shape and weight of subfield; using Monte Carlo dose algorithm to calculate the intensity-modulated dose distribution.

Abstract: We describe a method and a computer system for analysing a radiation treatment plan using a dose of flash radiation to irradiate a volume within a patient and a radiation treatment system using the same. The computer system comprises a processor which is configured to obtain oxygen pressure information for the volume to be irradiated; obtain parameters from a patient treatment plan; input the obtained oxygen pressure information and parameters in to a model which predicts complex damage within the irradiated volume caused by the dose of flash radiation; output a prediction, using the model, of the complex damage caused within the volume by the dose of flash radiation; and quantify, using the prediction, a level of damage to healthy tissue within the irradiated volume. Complex damage is damage which is more complex than a double strand break within DNA in patient tissue and the model is a function of energy of particles within the radiation and oxygen pressure which varies with time.

Abstract: A multi-leaf collimator module for a radiotherapy device comprises: a leaf bank comprising a plurality of leaves. The module also comprises a leaf guide arranged to guide linear movement of the leaves in a first direction and a second direction opposite the first direction, the leaf guide being in direct contact with the leaves. The module further comprises a plurality of leaf actuators, each leaf actuator arranged to engender relative linear motion in the first direction and second direction between one leaf in the leaf bank and other leaves in the leaf bank; and a leaf bank actuator arranged to engender relative linear motion in the first direction and second direction between the entire leaf bank and the leaf guide.

Abstract: Provided is a method for checking consistency between a radiotherapy equipment isocenter and a treatment isocenter, wherein the method includes: acquiring projection data from a detector and generating image data based on the projection data, wherein the image data includes a light spot and a shading located in the light spot, and the light spot and the shading are formed by a radiation beam generated by a treatment head of the radiotherapy equipment and then being blocked by a radiation blocking body; and determining an offset between the radiotherapy equipment isocenter and the treatment isocenter based on the image data. A system and a device for checking consistency between a radiotherapy equipment isocenter and a treatment isocenter are also provided.

Abstract: The accuracy charged-particle beam trajectories used for radiation therapy in patients is improved by providing feedback on the beam location within a patient's body or a quality assurance phantom. Particle beams impinge on a patient or phantom in an arrangement designed to deliver radiation dose to a tumor, while avoiding as much normal tissue as can be achieved. By placing fiducial markers in the tumor or phantom that contain specific atomic constituents, a detection signal consisting of atomic fluorescence is produced by the particle beam. An algorithm can combine the detected fluorescence signal with the known location of the fiducial markers to determine the location of the particle beam in the patient or phantom.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for planning a surgical procedure aiming to ablate a tissue in an anatomical area of interest of a patient. On the basis of a preoperative image of the anatomical area of interest and of a set of planning parameters (P), a simulated image is generated by a neural network that has been previously trained using learning elements corresponding, respectively, to a similar surgical procedure for ablating a tissue in an anatomical area of interest for another patient. Each learning element comprises a preoperative image of the anatomical area of interest of a patient, planning parameters (P) used for the surgical procedure on this patient, and a postoperative image of the anatomical area of interest of this patient after the surgical procedure. An estimated ablation region may be segmented in the simulated image in order to be compared with a segmented region to be treated in the preoperative image.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a system for determining a radiation dose. The system may include: obtaining data related to radiation source, a radiation auxiliary image of a target object at a target radiation time point, and an initial fluence map corresponding to the target radiation time point; determining a target fluence map corresponding to the target radiation time point by one or more iterations based on the radiation auxiliary image, the initial fluence map, and the data related to radiation source; obtaining a target scanning image of the target object; and determining the radiation dose received by the target object at the target radiation time point, based on the target fluence map, the target scanning image, and the data related to radiation source.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for assessing a radiation therapy plan to be implemented on a particular radiation therapy system that includes a multi-leaf collimator (MLC). The method includes receiving a radiation therapy plan and calculating at least one metric indicating transmission characteristics of a beam delivered using the particular radiation therapy system to perform the radiation therapy plan using a model of the MLC having a plurality of zones, wherein each zone is classified based on the transmission characteristics. The method also includes evaluating the at least one metric against a tolerance for variation between the radiation therapy plan and an implementation of the radiation therapy plan on the particular radiation therapy system and generating an alert indicating that the at least one metric is outside the tolerance.

Abstract: A system for coordinating radiation therapy and imaging processes includes a radiation therapy system an radiation source mounted on a robotically-controlled system to move the radiation source about a subject to direct radiation to a target area in the subject according to a treatment plan. The system also includes an imaging system configured to acquire imaging data from a subject. The imaging system and the radiation therapy system are independently movable. The system also includes a coordination system configured to coordinate operation of the imaging system to acquire the imaging data from the subject during movement of the radiation source about the subject according to the treatment plan to avoid collisions of the radiation therapy system with the imaging system.

Abstract: A jaw assembly and a medical accelerator are provided. The jaw assembly includes: a jaw base, a moving assembly and at least one set of jaws, each set of jaws including at least two jaw bodies. The jaw base is detachably connected to a mounting seat of a treatment head beam shaping module of a medical accelerator, and when the jaw base is mounted on the mounting seat, a beam opening formed is located under the treatment head beam shaping module. The jaw body is connected to the jaw base through the moving assembly, and the moving assembly is configured to move the jaw body to between the beam opening and the treatment head beam shaping module, or to move the jaw body out between the beam opening and the treatment head beam shaping module to adjust a beam flow through the beam opening.

Abstract: A method of a radiotherapy or radiosurgery treatment comprises steps of: (a) providing a converging x-ray beam source configured for emitting a converging X-ray beam propagating along an axis thereof; (b) emitting the converging x-ray beam towards a volume of treatment (VOT) having a length along the axis of the converging X-ray beam ranging between 2 mm and 5 cm within a patient's body such that a waist portion is within the VOT; (c) propagating the beam through tissues previously located relative to the VOT (PO); the VOT per se and tissues distally located to the VOT (DO). The converging X-ray beam characterized by a convergent angle ranging between 2 and 30 degrees providing 80% to 100% of a maximum dose is received by the VOT and less than 60% of the maximum dose is received by the PO and the DO.

Abstract: An example method for a radiation therapy system that includes a movable couch to perform radiation therapy has been disclosed. One method includes based on the X-ray images of an anatomical region of the patient that includes a target volume, reconstructing a digital volume of the anatomical region and based on a user input indicating a location of a patient origin in the digital volume, determining one or more shift values for repositioning the patient origin at an isocenter of the radiation therapy system with respect to a coordinate system. The method also includes obtaining a treatment plan that is based on the location of the patient origin and is associated with the target volume, based on the treatment plan, repositioning the movable couch so that the patient origin is disposed at the isocenter, and while the patient origin is disposed at the isocenter, directing a treatment beam to the patient origin in accordance with the treatment plan associated with the target volume.

Abstract: The present relates to a positioning and shaping shell manufacturing method for manufacturing a positioning and shaping shell comprising a positioning step consisting in positioning and supporting a target body portion with a transparent body shaper in a predetermined position on a positioning board presenting at least one transparent portion permitting scanning through it, an image acquisition step consisting in a target body portion surface scan imaging also via the transparent portion of the board and said transparent body support, a software computing step where the acquired image data are sent and processed in a processing unit, and a producing step consisting in producing a 3D positioning and shaping shell model via additive or subtractive manufacturing method based in the processed image data.

Abstract: Respective target positions, into which elements of a radiation therapy machine are to be moved (e.g., prior to beginning treatment of a patient), are determined. A candidate path, which describes movements of the elements from respective initial positions to the respective target positions, is defined and accessed. The candidate path is evaluated to determine whether it would result in a collision between any of the elements. The candidate path is included in a set of candidate paths when the candidate path does not result in a collision between any of the elements. A value of a measure (e.g., a measure of efficiency), used for ranking each candidate path in the set of candidate paths, is determined. A path is selected from the set of candidate paths based on the ranking.

Abstract: A radiation treatment planning apparatus according to one aspect includes a processing circuitry. The processing circuitry obtains time-series medical images. The processing circuitry specifies a first time phase in which radiation irradiation is performed and a second time phase in which no radiation irradiation is performed, in a period corresponding to the time-series medical images based on a positional relationship between a treatment target region and at-risk region of a patient included in the time-series medical images. The processing circuitry generates a treatment plan based on a medical image of the specified first time phase.

Abstract: After accessing optimization information for a particular patient and for a particular radiation treatment platform, a control circuit generates an optimized radiation treatment plan by processing the optimization information using direct-aperture-optimization that includes fluence-based sub-optimization. By one approach, the control circuit includes the fluence-based sub-optimization in at least some, but not necessarily all, iterations of the direct-aperture-optimization. By one approach, the control circuit is configured to include only a few iterations of the fluence-based sub-optimization when including the fluence-based sub-optimization in at least some, but not necessarily all, iterations of the direct-aperture-optimization.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are radiotherapy methods and systems that can display a workflow-oriented graphical user interface(s). In an embodiment, a method comprises presenting, by the server for display on a screen associated with a radiotherapy machine, a series of consecutive graphical user interfaces, wherein each graphical user interface displays one or more graphical components corresponding to one or more tasks of one or more stages of a patient's radiotherapy treatment; and when a user operating the pendant interacts with a first controller of the pendant, the radiotherapy machine adjusts at least one of its configurations; and when the user interacts with a second controller of the pendant, the server revises the graphical user interface corresponding to the user's input.

Abstract: One or more example embodiments of the present invention relates to a fin for collimating therapeutic radiation. The fin comprises a collimation area made of a first material and a holding area made of a second material. Herein, the collimation area and the holding area are soldered together. Herein, the first material is formed to collimate therapeutic radiation. Herein, the holding area can be coupled to an adjustment device for adjusting the fin.

Abstract: A radiation therapy apparatus that enhances the reliability and ease of use of a treatment is provided. A radiation therapy apparatus includes: a treatment bed moving a top plate with an object to be treated placed on the top plate to a predetermined treatment location; an imaging apparatus moving to the predetermined treatment location from a direction different from the direction of movement of the top plate and picking up an image of the object to be treated; and an irradiation apparatus provided between the treatment bed and the imaging apparatus, extensible, and applying a radioactive ray to the object to be treated. When the CT apparatus moves to the treatment location, the irradiation apparatus moves to a predetermined waiting position. When applying a radioactive ray to an object to be treated, the irradiation apparatus moves to a predetermined irradiation position.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improved radiation treatment planning can employ hierarchical constrained optimization with relaxed constraints also referred to herein after as expedited hierarchical constrained optimization (ECHO). The systems and methods described herein employ a combination of constrained optimization and a correction loop involving unconstrained optimization to enhance the speed and efficiency of the radiation treatment planning process and improve the accuracy and quality of resulting radiation treatment plans. The use of a hierarchical constrained optimization approach leads to less complex and faster to solve optimization problems. The correction loop allows for compensating for optimization error associated with the sequence of constrained optimizations by incorporating such error in an unconstrained optimization. Hard and soft dose volume constraints can be efficiently incorporated.

Abstract: Presented systems and methods enable efficient and effective robust radiation treatment planning and treatment, including analysis of dose rate robustness. In one embodiment, a method comprising accessing treatment plan information, accessing information corresponding to an uncertainty associated with implementation of the radiation treatment plan, and generating a histogram, wherein the histogram conveys a characteristic of the treatment plan including an impact of the uncertainty on the characteristic. The histogram can be a dose rate volume histogram and can be utilized to test a degree of robustness of a treatment plan (e.g., including allowance for uncertainty scenarios, etc.). The uncertainty can be associated with potential variation associated with tolerances (e.g., radiation system/machine performance tolerance, patient characteristic tolerances, etc.) and set up issues (e.g., variation in initial system/machine set up, variation patient setup/position, etc.).

Abstract: A treatment planning system that generates treatment planning for irradiating a target with a particle beam, includes an arithmetic processing device that sets at least two or more irradiation patterns for one treatment planning, calculates a plurality of predicted dose distributions for each irradiation pattern based on a target dose set for each region for at least one region including a region of the target, and calculates an index for evaluating validity of the irradiation pattern based on the plurality of predicted dose distributions.

Abstract: A memory has a fluence map that corresponds to a particular patient stored therein. This memory also has at least one deep learning model stored therein trained to deduce a leaf sequence for a multi-leaf collimator from a fluence map. A control circuit operably coupled to that memory iteratively optimizes a radiation treatment plan to administer therapeutic radiation to that patient by, at least in part, generating a leaf sequence as a function of the at least one deep learning model and the fluence map that corresponds to the patient.