Abstract: A light guide substrate, including a light coupling-in region with multiple first gratings, a light expansion region with multiple sub light expansion regions, and a light coupling-out region, is provided. Each sub light expansion region includes multiple second gratings. The sub light expansion regions include a first set of sub light expansion regions and a second set of sub light expansion regions. Each second grating in the first set of sub light expansion regions includes a first microstructure and a second microstructure. The light coupling-out region includes multiple third gratings. When an image light enters the light guide substrate from the light coupling-in region through the first gratings, the image light is first transmitted to the light expansion region in the light guide substrate, then transmitted to the light coupling-out region through the second gratings, and then emitted from the light coupling-out region through the third gratings.

Abstract: A nonlinear optical device includes two coupling systems. A coupling coefficient between the two coupling systems is regulated and controlled. During operation, the pump light input from a straight waveguide is coupled into the second coupling system through the first coupling system and obtains great resonance enhancement in the second coupling system, so it is ensured that the second coupling system is in a high energy state. For signal light input from the same end of the straight waveguide, the signal light enters a resonator of the second coupling system through the coupling between the first and second coupling systems. A nonlinear effect of the system mainly occurs in the resonator of the second coupling system because in the resonator of the second coupling system, the pump light is in a great resonance enhancement. The entire resonator is in a high energy state.

Abstract: A dual optical frequency comb light-emitting device includes a first optical-frequency-comb laser source that includes a first laser resonator having a first optical path length, a second optical-frequency-comb laser source that includes a second laser resonator having a second optical path length different from the first optical path length, and an optical coupler that causes a first portion of first optical-frequency-comb laser light emitted from the first laser resonator to enter the second laser resonator. The first optical-frequency-comb laser source outputs a second portion of the first optical-frequency-comb laser light to an outside. The second optical-frequency-comb laser source outputs second optical-frequency-comb laser light emitted from the second laser resonator to the outside.

Abstract: Embodiments of alignment structures are disclosed that enable the alignment of a fiber attach unit (FAU) and the optical fibers contained therein to optical components on optical interposers or substrates on which photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are formed. Alignment of the optical fibers is enabled without the requirement for powering of the active optoelectrical devices in the PIC, but rather use an external testing apparatus to provide one or more optical signals to facilitate alignment. Methods for alignment using embodiments of the alignment structure is also disclosed.

Abstract: Structures for a photonics chip that include a fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator field-effect transistor and related methods. A first device region of a substrate includes a first device layer, a first portion of a second device layer, and a buried insulator layer separating the first device layer from the first portion of the second device layer. A second device region of the substrate includes a second portion of the second device layer. The first device layer, which has a thickness in a range of about 4 to about 20 nanometers, transitions in elevation to the second portion of the second device layer with a step height equal to a sum of the thicknesses of the first device layer and the buried insulator layer. A field-effect transistor includes a gate electrode on the top surface of the first device layer. An optical component includes the second portion of the second device layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a monolithic waveguide substrate for enabling routing of at least one optical signal. The monolithic waveguide substrate has a monolithic engineered substrate having a uniform material composition throughout, with a first index of refraction, and with a plurality of three-dimensional waveguides each being formed fully within an interior volume thereof by a corresponding plurality of three-dimensional waveguide channels. The three-dimensional waveguide channels are formed by wall portions each having a second index of refraction different from the first index of refraction.

Abstract: An optical coupler is described herein. The optical coupler includes at least one optical coupler unit. The at least one optical coupler includes an optical coupler entrance face and an optical coupler exit face. The optical coupler entrance face is configured to face, and receive light emitted by, at least one LED during operation. The optical coupler exit face is shaped as a Fresnel lens with a focal point at or behind a light emitting area of the at least one LED and is configured to face a lightguide entrance face of a slab lightguide. The optical coupler exit face has dimensions that match at least a part of the lightguide entrance face. The optical coupler entrance and exit faces are configured to refract light emitted by the at least one LED during operation.

Abstract: Described herein are photonic communication platforms that can overcome the memory bottleneck problem, thereby enabling scaling of memory capacity and bandwidth well beyond what is possible with conventional computing systems. Some embodiments provide photonic communication platforms that involve use of photonic modules. Each photonic module includes programmable photonic circuits for placing the module in optical communication with other modules based on the needs of a particular application. The architecture developed by the inventors relies on the use of common photomask sets (or at least one common photomask) to fabricate multiple photonic modules in a single wafer. Photonic modules in multiple wafers can be linked together into a communication platform using optical or electronic means.

Abstract: A wearable device may include a head-mounted display (HMD) for rendering a three-dimensional (3D) virtual object which appears to be located in an ambient environment of a user of the display. The relative positions of the HMD and one or more eyes of the user may not be in desired positions to receive image information outputted by the HMD. For example, the HAMID-to-eye vertical alignment may be different between the left and right eyes. The wearable device may determine if the HMD is level on the user's head and may then provide the user with a left-eye alignment marker and a right-eye alignment marker. Based on user feedback, the wearable device may determine if there is any left-right vertical misalignment and may take actions to reduce or minimize the effects of any misalignment.

Abstract: Structures including a waveguide core and methods of fabricating a structure including a waveguide core. The structure comprises a photonics chip including a first chip region, a first waveguide core in the first chip region, a second chip region, and a second waveguide core in the second chip region. The first chip region adjoins the second chip region along a boundary, the first waveguide core includes a first tapered section and the second waveguide core includes a second tapered section adjacent to the first tapered section. The first tapered section has a first longitudinal axis aligned substantially parallel to the boundary, and the second tapered section has a second longitudinal axis aligned substantially parallel to the boundary.

Abstract: A lighting device includes lens which delimits the inner region of the lighting device and is configured so that light exits outwards from the inner region. The lighting device includes one or more light sources in the inner region to emit a first light radiation in a first wavelength range, the lens being non-transparent to the first light radiation. The inner region also includes one or more elements, each of which contains a photoluminescent phosphor, the element(s) being arranged to be illuminated by the first light radiation. The photoluminescent phosphor is configured to emit a second light radiation in a second wavelength range, based on the first light radiation illuminating the element(s), the second light radiation at least partly exiting through the lens which is transparent to at least a part of the second light radiation.

Abstract: A waveguide comprising: a tapered-width first waveguide portion and second waveguide portions and a third waveguide portion, such that along a first direction, widths of a first and the second waveguide portions gradually increase towards a first end of the third waveguide portion, and a distance, in a second direction, between the first waveguide portion and the second waveguide portion gradually decreases from a second end of the first waveguide portion to the first end of the first waveguide portion, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; and the maximum distance Gmax between the second end of the first waveguide portion and a second end of the second waveguide portion is greater than 0.2 ?m and less than 0.48 ?m; and the waveguide has a refractive index between 2 and 4 at a 1550 nm wavelength.

Abstract: An optical functional device includes: first and second optical couplers each including a multi-mode interferometer waveguide portion having a first end portion and a second end portion, two units of first input/output ports and two units of second input/output ports; and first and second arc-shaped waveguides each optically connecting one of the first and second input/output ports of the first and second optical coupler and one of the first and second input/output ports of the second optical coupler, respectively. Further, the first optical coupler, the second optical coupler, the first arc-shaped waveguide, and the second arc-shaped waveguide constitute a ring resonator, and each of the multi-mode waveguide portions of the first optical coupler and the second optical coupler have a narrow portion, an average width of the narrow portion in a longitudinal direction being narrower than widths at the first end portion and the second end portion.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel having a front area and a side area, a main body supporting the display panel, an auxiliary member arranged inside the main body, and a semi-transmissive mirror arranged between the auxiliary member and the front area, wherein the side area of the display panel may be arranged inside the main body to face the semi-transmissive mirror. Since an image partially emitted from the display panel may be reflected toward the front area, auxiliary members such as a camera, an illumination sensor, and a proximity sensor may be arranged inside the main body (or below a display) to embody a full screen display, whereby a user's satisfaction may be enhanced and a manufacturing process may be simplified.

Abstract: A system for photonic computing, preferably including an input module, computation module, and/or control module, wherein the computation module preferably includes one or more filter banks and/or detectors. A photonic filter bank system, preferably including two waveguides and a plurality of optical filters optically coupled to one or more of the waveguides. A method for photonic computing, preferably including controlling a computation module, controlling an input module, and/or receiving outputs from the computation module.

Abstract: A semiconductor package includes a first connection die including a semiconductor substrate and an interconnect structure, and a first die stack disposed on the first connection die and including stacked dies, each of the stacked dies including a semiconductor substrate and an interconnect structure including a first connection line that is electrically connected to the interconnect structure of the first connection die. An angle formed between a plane of the first connection die and a plane of each stacked die ranges from about 45° to about 90°.

Abstract: In order to solve the problems described above, an object of the present invention is to provide an optical communication system and a control method that automatically adjust a branching ratio of an optical splitter in accordance with a connection of a new ONU. An optical communication system according to the present invention causes an operation system or a DBA (Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation) function and a determining unit of a branching ratio of an optical splitter to cooperate with each other, adjusts the branching ratio so as to enable ranging with an active ONU, and takes into consideration an initial connection sequence through which an ONU is newly connected.

Abstract: An optical device is provided. The optical device includes a ring waveguide and a bus waveguide. The ring waveguide includes a coupling region. The bus waveguide is disposed adjacent to and spaced apart from the coupling region of the ring waveguide. The bus waveguide includes a coupling structure corresponding to the coupling region.

Abstract: Described herein are photonic communication platforms and related packages. In one example, a photonic package includes a substrate carrier having a recess formed through the top surface of the substrate carrier. The substrate carrier may be made of a ceramic laminate. A photonic substrate including a plurality of photonic modules is disposed in the recess. The photonic modules may be patterned using a common photomask, and as a result, may share a same layer pattern. A plurality of electronic dies may be positioned on top of respective photonic modules. The photonic modules enable communication among the dies in the optical domain. Power delivery substrates may be used to convey electric power from the substrate carrier to the electronic dies and to the photonic substrate. Power delivery substrates may be implemented, for example, using bridge dies or interposers (e.g., silicon or organic interposers).

Abstract: Generally, embodiment(s) disclosed herein may include modular luminaires and customizable luminaire combinations to produce desired overall illumination patterns, modular luminaires interchangeable between one or more lighting systems/luminaires having differing configurations, and/or luminaires with portions thereof formed primarily by optical waveguides, e.g., a wall sconce where primarily only waveguides extend from the wall. Further, contemplated throughout this disclosure is modification of panel-style and/or blade-style waveguide(s) for use with luminaire configurations having different sizes, shapes, and structural elements including as modular luminaires for use in creating further customizable lighting systems/luminaires.

Abstract: An optical link system for computation, preferably including a photonics substrate and a plurality of electronics modules, such as processors, memory controllers, and/or switches, which are preferably bonded to the photonics substrate. A photonics substrate, preferably including a plurality of optical links including waveguides and optical transducers. A method for optical link system operation, preferably including operating electronics modules and using optical links, optionally in cooperation with electronics modules such as switches, to transfer information between the electronics modules.

Abstract: Structures for an edge coupler and methods of forming a structure for an edge coupler. The structure includes a waveguide core over a dielectric layer, and a back-end-of-line stack over the waveguide core and the dielectric layer. The back-end-of-line stack includes an interlayer dielectric layer, a side edge, a first feature, a second feature, and a third feature laterally arranged between the first feature and the second feature. The first feature, the second feature, and the third feature are positioned on the interlayer dielectric layer adjacent to the side edge, and the third feature has an overlapping relationship with a tapered section of the waveguide core.

Abstract: An optical transceiver with a built-in heat transfer structure is described. The heat transfer structure can connect one or more circuit regions of the optical transceiver to a heat sink while bypassing circuit regions that may impede the transfer of heat from the one or more circuit regions. The heat transfer structure may directly contact the one or more circuit regions, and the heat sink and may include an opening to avoid contact with the circuit regions to be bypassed.

Abstract: An optical ferrule assembly includes a hybrid optical ferrule having a glass portion assembled to a polymeric portion. The polymeric portion includes a groove for receiving and supporting an optical fiber having opposing open front and back ends. A light redirecting member includes an input surface for receiving light from the optical fiber and a light redirecting side. The open back end of the groove and the input surface define a recessed region therebetween. The glass portion includes an optically transparent glass insert disposed in the recessed region conforming in shape to an internal shape of the recessed region. An optical fiber is received and supported in the groove. The optical fiber includes a fiber end laser welded to the glass insert so that a central light ray from the optical fiber propagates through the glass insert before being received and redirected by the light redirecting side.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is vertically mounted on a medium such as a printed circuit board (PCB). The semiconductor device comprises a block of semiconductor dies, mounted in a vertical stack without offset. Once formed and encapsulated, side grooves may be formed in the device exposing electrical conductors of each die within the device. The electrical conductors exposed in the grooves mount to electrical contacts on the medium to electrically couple the semiconductor device to the medium.

Abstract: To provide an optical multiplexing circuit that can accurately monitor light of a plurality of wavelengths, and that can tolerate degradation of LDs. An optical multiplexing circuit includes m sets of multiplexers configured to multiplex light output from n connection waveguides being a plurality of connection waveguides wherein a multiplexing unit configured to input and multiplex light output from the m sets of the multiplexers from m input waveguides, an output waveguide configured to output light multiplexed by the multiplexing unit, and n×m or m branching units being inserted into n×m connection waveguides of the plurality of connection waveguides or the m input waveguides are provided on a same substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optoelectromechanical switch that includes: an optical feedline disposed on an isolation substrate that receives resonator light that is subject to optical communication to a resonator when a cavity length of the resonator supports an electromagnetic mode at the wavelength of the resonator light; a resonator including: a low refractive index optical layer and receives substrate electrical counter potential; a non-conductive spacer; the electrically conductive membrane and that receives a membrane electrical potential and deflects toward and away from the electrically conductive high-index optical waveguide based on a difference in potential between the membrane electrical potential and the substrate electrical counter potential; the cavity length that is variable and under electromechanical control.

Abstract: A cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) system is provided that utilizes collimators the incorporate gradient index (GRIN) lenses in lieu of conventional spherical or aspheric refractive lenses. The use of smaller diameter GRIN lenses facilitates a reduced initial beam size entering the sample cavity, which reduces self-interference noise and increases a signal to noise ratio of the measurements. Further, a reduced size and mass of the GRIN lens can reduce a size of the mounting hardware utilized to mount the optical components, which enables more laser beams to be coupled to a single gas cell compared to a similar gas cell integrated with conventional refractive collimators. A larger number of lasers enables more gas peaks to be measured substantially simultaneously using the CEAS system.

Abstract: An intact semiconductor wafer (wafer) includes a plurality of die. Each die has a top layer including routings of conductive interconnect structures electrically isolated from each other by intervening dielectric material. A top surface of the top layer corresponds to a top surface of the wafer. Below the top layer, each die has a device layer including optical devices and electronic devices. Each die has a cladding layer below the device layer and on a substrate of the wafer. Each die includes a photonic test port within the device layer. For each die, a light transfer region is formed within the intact wafer to extend through the top layer to the photonic test port within the device layer. The light transfer region provides a window for transmission of light into and out of the photonic test port from and to a location on the top surface of the wafer.

Abstract: A wireless optical communication network includes a base station established for wireless optical communication using a wireless optical signal and including a participant apparatus moveable with respect to the base station including a communication unit established for wireless optical communication. Further, the participant apparatus includes a deflection unit configured to deflect at least part of the wireless optical signal between a first direction between the deflection unit and the communication unit and a second direction between the deflection unit and the base station.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a waveguide structure to form a solid-core waveguide from a waveguiding layer may include etching a fluid channel into the waveguiding layer, etching a first air-gap and a second air gap into the waveguiding layer, wherein etching the first and the second air-gaps creates a solid-core waveguide in the waveguiding layer between the first air-gap and the second air-gap. A method for fabricating a waveguide structure to form a solid-core waveguide may include forming a first trench, a second trench, and a third trench in a substrate layer, and depositing a waveguiding layer on the machined substrate layer, wherein depositing the waveguiding layer creates a hollow core of a fluid channel in a location corresponding to the first trench, and a solid-core waveguide portion in the waveguiding layer in a location corresponding to an area between the second trench and the third trench.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to structural modifications introduced in a waveguide structure in order to more tightly pack adjacent waveguide turns in an optical gyroscope fabricated on a planar silicon platform as a photonic integrated circuit. Increasing number of turns of the gyroscope coil increases total waveguide length as well as enclosed area of the gyroscope loop, which translates to increased sensitivity to rotational measurement.

Abstract: Waveguide structures and methods of fabricating a waveguide structure. The structure includes a first waveguide core, a second waveguide core, and a third waveguide core adjacent to the first waveguide core and the second waveguide core. The third waveguide core is laterally separated from the first waveguide core by a first slot, and the third waveguide core is laterally separated from the second waveguide core by a second slot. The first waveguide core and the second waveguide core comprise a first material, and the third waveguide core comprises a second material that is different in composition from the first material.

Abstract: A semiconductor package includes a first optical transceiver, a second optical transceiver, a third optical transceiver, and a plasmonic waveguide. The first optical transceiver, the second optical transceiver, and the third optical transceiver are stacked in sequential order. The first optical transceiver and the third optical transceiver respectively at least one optical input/output portion for transmitting and receiving an optical signal. The plasmonic waveguide includes a first segment, a second segment, and a third segment optically coupled to one another. The first segment is embedded in the first optical transceiver. The second segment extends through the second optical transceiver. The third segment is embedded in the third optical transceiver. The first segment is optically coupled to the at least one optical input/output portion of the first optical transceiver and the third segment is optically coupled to the at least one optical input/output portion of the third optical transceiver.

Abstract: A wearable device may include a head-mounted display (HMD) for rendering a three-dimensional (3D) virtual object which appears to be located in an ambient environment of a user of the display. The relative positions of the HMD and one or more eyes of the user may not be in desired positions to receive image information outputted by the HMD. For example, the HMD-to-eye vertical alignment may be different between the left and right eyes. The wearable device may determine if the HMD is level on the user's head and may then provide the user with a left-eye alignment marker and a right-eye alignment marker. Based on user feedback, the wearable device may determine if there is any left-right vertical misalignment and may take actions to reduce or minimize the effects of any misalignment.

Abstract: A single-photon source including a monomode photonic wire wherein a single-photon emitter is located, the photonic wire being formed of two coaxial parts that are distinct and spaced from one another along the longitudinal axis, including a lower part resting in contact with a support substrate and including the single-photon emitter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a laser projection arrangement. The arrangement includes a sub-mount carrier with a main surface and at least one edge-emitting laser arranged on the sub-mount. The at least one edge-emitting laser is facing the sub-mount and includes at least one laser facet that is located at a predefined distance from the main surface of the sub-mount. A planar light circuit with at least one light guide has an inlet and is arranged on the sub-mount such that the at least one light guide and the inlet is located at the predefined distance from the main surface of the sub-mount facing the at least one laser facet.

Abstract: An optical switch is configured by providing a planar lightwave circuit layer on a top surface of a Si substrate. The circuit layer forms, on the top surface of the substrate, an optical waveguide including an underclad layer, an optical waveguide core, and an overclad layer. The optical waveguide is provided to have a structure configuring a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. A heater is provided at a position just above an arm of the core on the top surface of the clad layer, and power supply electric wires are electrically connected to both ends of the heater. In a local portion including an interface between the clad layer and the top surface of the substrate, trench structure portions as concave grooves are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to devices and methods for polarization splitting, where a first optical coupler having at least one input port which receives an input light beam, and at least two output ports at which said light beam, is split into at least a first and a second arms at a first end of said arms. At least one total internal reflection mirror is coupled to the second arm for inducing polarization-dependent phase shifts to the light beam propagating in the second arm, and a polarization-dependent phase difference between the second and the first arm. A second optical coupler having input ports is coupled to the second and opposite ends of the arms. The second coupler has at least one first output port at which light is coupled from said arms, so that the polarization-dependent phase shift of the at least one total internal reflection mirror causes polarization-dependent coupling of light from said input port to said output port.

Abstract: A solid-state image sensor is provided. The solid-state image sensor includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements. The solid-state image sensor also includes a modulation layer disposed above the photoelectric conversion elements, and the modulation layer has a plurality of modulation segments. The modulation layer includes a plurality of first sub-layers and a plurality of second sub-layers having different refractive indexes. From the top view of the modulation layer, the modulation segments form a first group and a second group, and the second group is adjacent to the first group. The arrangement of the first sub-layers and the second sub-layers in the first group is different from the arrangement of the first sub-layers and the second sub-layers in the second group.

Abstract: The invention provides a microplasma photonic crystal for reflecting, transmitting and/or storing incident electromagnetic energy includes a periodic array of elongate microtubes confining microplasma therein and having a column-to-column spacing, average electron density and plasma column diameter selected to produce a photonic response to the incident electromagnetic energy entailing the increase or suppression of crystal resonances and/or shifting the frequency of the resonances. The crystal also includes electrodes for stimulating microplasma the elongated microtubes Electromagnetic energy can be interacted with the periodic array of microplasma to reflect, transmit and/or trap the incident electromagnetic energy.

Abstract: A waveguide sensor system is provided. The system includes a light source and a waveguide formed from a light transmitting material. Light from the light source enters the waveguide at an input area and travels within the waveguide by total internal reflection to an analyte area and light to be analyzed travels within the waveguide from the analyte area by total internal reflection to an output area. An optical sensor is coupled to the output area and is configured to interact with the light to be analyzed. The system includes a plurality of pores located along the outer surface within the analyte area and formed in the light transmitting material of the waveguide, and the pores are configured to enhance light interaction with the analyte within the analyte area. The pores and analyte area may be protected and/or enhanced with a hydrophobic layer overlaying the pores.

Abstract: A silicon modulator where the doping profile varies along the lateral and/or longitudinal position in the transition zones to achieve improved performance in terms of either optical attenuation or contact access resistance or both. A silicon-based modulator includes a waveguide including a contact region and a core region, wherein the waveguide includes a dopant concentration that decreases from the contact region to the core region in a transition zone according to a doping profile that is variable.

Abstract: A method for producing a hologram (1), (1) for security elements (1a) and/or security documents (1b). One or more virtual hologram planes (10) are arranged in front of and/or behind one or more virtual models (20) and/or one or more virtual hologram planes (10) are arranged such that they intersect one or more virtual models (20). One or more virtual light sources (30) are arranged on one or more partial regions of the surface (21) of one or more of the virtual models (20). One or more virtual electromagnetic fields (40) are calculated starting from at least one of the virtual light sources (30) in one or more zones (11) of the one or more virtual hologram planes (10). In the one or more zones (11), in each case, a virtual total electromagnetic field (41) is calculated on the basis of the sum of two or more, of the virtual electromagnetic fields (40) in the respective zone (11). One or more phase images (50) are calculated from the virtual total electromagnetic fields (41) in the one or more zones (11).

Abstract: An optoelectronic device comprises a substrate, an optoelectronic element mounted on the substrate, a shielding cap providing electromagnetic shielding, at least one optical element attached to the shielding cap, and a detection element configured to detect if the shielding cap is mounted on the substrate.

Abstract: A package structure is provided. The package structure includes a waveguide, a passivation layer, and a reflector. The waveguide is over a substrate. The passivation layer is over the substrate and covers the waveguide. The reflector includes a metal layer and a semiconductor layer on the passivation layer. The metal layer and the first semiconductor layer are in contact with the passivation layer.

Abstract: An optical wireless communication device comprises: at least one of a transmitter and a receiver configured to transmit and/or receive light comprising an optical wireless communication signal representing data; at least one adjustable shutter element associated with the at least one of a transmitter and a receiver, wherein the at least one adjustable shutter element and the associated at least one of the transmitter and the receiver are adjustable between a first configuration and a second configuration such that in the first configuration the at least one adjustable shutter element is configured to at least partially block or partially redirect light having a first selected property and at least partially allow light having a second selected property to pass through unaffected such that transmission and/or reception of the optical wireless communication signal by the at least one of the transmitter and the receiver is substantially altered.

Abstract: A waveguide including a multimode optical fiber joined to a structure for concentrating the guided modes spatially. The concentrating structure exhibits an adiabatic variation in its transverse dimension dpc in the direction of its exit face, and its transverse dimension dpc has a value dpc,in at least equal to a value dfc of the transverse dimension dfc of the core of the multimode optical fiber at the second face thereof.

Abstract: An electrical component is configured to allow electrical cables to be mounted directly to a package substrate, such that electrical traces of the package substrate directly place the electrical cables in electrical communication with an integrated circuit that is mounted to the package substrate without passing through any separable interfaces of an electrical connector.

Abstract: Structures for an edge coupler and methods of forming a structure for an edge coupler. The structure includes a waveguide core over a dielectric layer, and a back-end-of-line stack over the waveguide core and the dielectric layer. The back-end-of-line stack includes an interlayer dielectric layer, a side edge, a first feature, a second feature, and a third feature laterally arranged between the first feature and the second feature. The first feature, the second feature, and the third feature are positioned on the interlayer dielectric layer adjacent to the side edge, and the third feature has an overlapping relationship with a tapered section of the waveguide core.