Abstract: An apparatus for improving soft ground, in which cement slurry is vigorously discharged from an injection rod by highly pressurized air, thus allowing hardening agent to evenly infiltrate the soft ground, is disclosed. The apparatus includes an injection rod (20) having an injection pipe (10) into which fluid is introduced, and an outer casing (12) disposed around the injection pipe (10) with an air feeding path (14) therebetween, one or more injection holders (40) coupled to an outer surface of the outer casing (12) to be positioned at different levels and to be inclined downward, and a bit (30) coupled to a lower end of the injection rod (20), and having jet holes (60, 60a), which are inclined downward and in which inclined jet nozzles (70, 70a) are inserted, and a cutting water nozzle (74) provided at its center.

Abstract: A multipoint grouting method for effecting multipoint-injection of a ground improving material into ground to be improved such as weak ground, soft ground, flimsy ground, loose ground or the like, and an apparatus therefor are disclosed. In particular, the multipoint grouting method and the apparatus therefor are not only capable of, with respect to ground having soil layers different from each other in soil condition such as soil texture, concurrently or selectively applying optimum injection to each of the soil layers but also capable of one-, two- or three-dimensionally injecting a ground improving material into ground, and are further capable of flexibly controlling injection from a plurality of injection pipes and capable of carrying out injection concurrently or selectively from the plurality of the injection pipes to thereby increase reliability of permeation grouting into a very fine-grained soil layer and to thereby enable a shortened execution period to be realized by rapid execution.

Abstract: A process to make in-situ pilings comprised of soil, cement, lime and water, the pilings being bodies of revolution formed by rotating a mixer-cutter blade whose cutting diameter is selectably adjustable, preferably on a running basis so as to have the capability of producing piling with a diameter that differs from station to station.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of post preparation of an injection compound which is useable for injection in for instance existing rock cracks or cracks arisen in connection with blasting away rock during for instance tunnel driving, the injection compound having been subject to a preparation, leading to that the injection compound has been given qualities with regard to shape of the crack formations of the rock. According to the invention, the method is characterized in that the injection compound is subjected to a post preparation in the form of a passage through a wire netting, the size of the mesh and the wire dimension of which being determined from a judgement of the following points: the size of the cracks and the cavities in the rock; the tendency of the injection compound to build up filter cakes; desired rheological qualities of the injection compound. The invention also relates to a device for making the method possible.

Abstract: A tool for use with a rotatable drill shaft and a source of pressurized fluidized solidifying agent. The tool member has upper and lower extremities. A coupler is coupled to the upper extremity of the tool member and is adapted to be secured to the drill shaft. A plurality of radially extending arms are secured to the tool member intermediate the upper and lower extremities of the tool member. A plurality of forwardly and downwardly extending teeth are secured to each of the radially extending arms and are spaced apart longitudinally of the arms. A plurality of nozzles are carried by the tool member and are spaced circumferentially of the tool member and are coupled to the source of pressurized fluidized solidifying agent.

Abstract: An auxiliary tool for filling of an organic and/or inorganic mortar mass in a bore (B) and cooperating with an injection tool (D) connectable with a delivery tube (E) or a delivery hose, with the auxiliary tool (1, 6, 12) including a filling member (2; 7; 13) having an axial through-bore (3; 9; 17) through which the mortar mass (M) is injected into the bore (B), and an outer diameter selected so that a back flow of the mortar mass (M) in a direction toward a bore mouth is prevented, and an element for pinning the filling member (2; 7; 13) on a free end of the delivery tube (E) or the delivery hose.

Abstract: A tubular anchor includes a tubular member (1, 21) with a drilling head (2, 22) at one of its end, a load application element (3) extending along a portion of the tubular member opposite the one end, opening (5, 23) provided in a region of the drilling head. The tubular anchor also includes at least one, substantially cylindrical, hollow element (7, 24, 25) for receiving a mortar mass (4, 37, 38) and closed, at its opposite ends, with two displaceable pistons (8, 9; 31, 32, 33, 39), respectively, with one of the pistons being received in a piston-receiving region of the at least one mortar-mass receiving element and facing in a setting direction (S), (6, 35) and at least one through-opening (11, 34) spaced from a free end of the piston-receiving region (6, 35) by a distance (a, b) corresponding at least to a length (l) of the piston (8, 32) received therein.

Abstract: A resin nozzle positioner for a rock bolter, having a frame supporting feed tracks traversed by a drill and a bolt driver, has a resin nozzle that guides a resin sausage into a hole drilled along a work axis. A positioner base is fixed to the frame and two arms are pivotably connected to the positioner base and to a nozzle block, to which the resin nozzle is mounted. The arms remain parallel and move such that the resin nozzle remains parallel to the work axis while moving along an arc between a retracted position, where the resin nozzle is spaced apart from the work axis, and an extended position, where the resin nozzle is aligned with the work axis. An actuator operably connected to two elements selected from the arms, the positioner base, and the nozzle block serves to move the resin nozzle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for injecting material in the form of a suspension into a cavity. The device comprises an injection tube for injecting the material, the tube having a coupling first end and a second end that is open; a coupling has a cylindrical portion provided with an axial bore having a coupling first end for coupling to the first end of the tube, and a second end, said coupling further comprising a radial stub for coupling to a feed pipe for feeding material in suspension; a vent hose is engaged in the said tube and in the coupling, the hose having a first end projecting from the second end of the tube and a second end that projects from the second end of the coupling; and a sealing piece for establishing sealing between the second end of the coupling and the outside wall of said hose.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for constructing a underground barrier wall structure using a jet grout injector subassembly comprising a pair of primary nozzles and a plurality of secondary nozzles, the secondary nozzles having a smaller diameter than the primary nozzles, for injecting grout in directions other than the primary direction, which creates a barrier wall panel having a substantially uniform wall thickess. This invention addresses the problem of the weak “bow-tie” shape that is formed during conventional jet injection when using only a pair of primary nozzles. The improvement is accomplished by using at least four secondary nozzles, of smaller diameter, located on both sides of the primary nozzles. These additional secondary nozzles spray grout or permeable reactive materials in other directions optimized to fill in the thin regions of the bow-tie shape. The result is a panel with increased strength and substantially uniform wall thickness.

Abstract: A method for sealing a well casing, including any perforations that are intentionally provided through the well casing or which may have occurred through the deterioration of the casing, includes the steps of disposing a seal injection assembly that is adapted for ejecting a grout therefrom at a depth that is proximate the perforations in the casing and of ejecting a quantity of a poly-urethane grout through the perforations sufficient to seal the space intermediate the exterior of the casing and the surrounding materials and to also seal the perforations in the casing. If perforations occur at different depths in the casing the process is repeated at the different depths. The perforations are created, if need be, by the use of a well casing perforator that is positioned where a vertical fluid flow is occurring outside the casing. The step of determining where the fluid flow is occurring is accomplished prior to the step of using the well casing perforator.

Abstract: A jet bit for jet grouting is disclosed. The jet bit has a rotating auger with a hollow central mast and one or more at least partial helical flights defining an outer auger diameter. The jet bit has at least one primary jet nozzle flowably connected to the central mast of the auger and positioned proximal to the outer diameter of the auger with the discharge of the nozzle directed outside the outer diameter of the auger. Secondary jet nozzles may be used that are directed between the central mast and the outer diameter of the auger. A conventional crane mounted caisson drilling rig can be adapted for use with the jet bit to perform jet grouting.

Abstract: When an improving material used for ground improving construction is ejected into the ground, an improving material having a predetermined gel time is ejected through a vast number of points simultaneously or selectively from ejection ports provided in improving material transport passages such that the positions of the ejection ports are offset. The improving material can be ejected through the vast number of points as designed. A stroke, start and stop of an advancing and retreating movement adjusting device can be adjusted through a screw of the advancing and retreating movement adjusting device. A slide guide as a supporting mechanism is fitted to a slide bar so that even if a load deviated with respect to a piston rod is applied. The piston can be advanced and retreated smoothly, and an automatic on-off valve is interposed in the piston so that the improving material can be intaken and discharged smoothly.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for injecting grout is described as having an injector body with at least three holes therethrough for conveyance of a first, second, and third fluid as desired. One of the fluids is a resin and another is a catalyst which when combined, chemically react to produce a first chemical grout. A third fluid is an additive which, when combined with the resin and the catalyst, modify at least one characteristic of the first grout that is being produced. The introduction of the additive is controlled as desired at the surface to provide a continuous (monolithic) pour having variable grout characteristics. According to a modification, the additive is replaced by a second resin which when combined with the catalyst produces a second type of a grout having at least some characteristic that is different from the first grout.

Abstract: When an improving material used for ground improving construction is ejected into the ground, an improving material having a predetermined gel time is ejected through a vast number of points simultaneously or selectively from ejection ports provided in improving material transport passages such that the positions of the ejection ports are offset. The improving material can be ejected through the vast number of points as designed. A stroke, start and stop of an advancing and retreating movement adjusting device can be adjusted through a screw of the advancing and retreating movement adjusting device. A slide guide as a supporting mechanism is fitted to a slide bar so that even if a load deviated with respect to a piston rod is applied. The piston can be advanced and retreated smoothly, and an automatic on-off valve is interposed in the piston so that the improving material can be intaken and discharged smoothly.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for injecting grout is described as having an injector body with at least three holes therethrough for conveyance of a first, second, and third fluid as desired. One of the fluids is a resin and another is a catalyst which when combined, chemically react to produce a first chemical grout. A third fluid is an additive which, when combined with the resin and the catalyst, modify at least one characteristic of the first grout that is being produced. The introduction of the additive is controlled as desired at the surface to provide a continuous (monolithic) pour having variable grout characteristics. According to a modification, the additive is replaced by a second resin which when combined with the catalyst produces a second type of a grout having at least some characteristic that is different from the first grout.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for treating confined material such as buried waste or areas of contaminated earth by injecting a plurality of high velocity jets of treating fluid into the material over a limited depth in multiple directions from each of a plurality of injection holes. The high velocity jets remain stationary, but the arrangement of the jets emanating from an injection hole in multiple directions produces a result similar to a rotating jet but with increased penetrating force. The jets are operated sequentially over the limited depth of each injection hole to treat a layer of the material and are then moved and again operated sequentially over another limited depth of each injection hole to provide treatment of the material by layers. This allows effective treatment of material surrounding each injection hole without substantial interference from treating fluid flowing through the material from a previously treated hole.

Abstract: An injection packer, injection packer installation/removal tool, and method of use thereof are especially suited for use in the repair of concrete structures and the like. The injection packer includes a body that is removable from a nonmetallic expansion member that may remain within a repair bore after the injection material is injected into the repair bore. The packer body includes a shank, nozzle, and keyed head with an injection bore therethrough. The nozzle is threaded to engage a nonmetallic nut attached to the expansion member. In use, as the packer body is rotated in a first direction the expansion member is compressed between the nut and the packer body shank, thereby radially bulging the expansion member. At this point fluid may be injected through the injection packer and into the bore and crack(s). As the packer body is rotated in a second direction the expansion member is uncompressed. The packer body is easily detachable from the expansion member.

Abstract: A process for constructing a jet grouted subterranean column provided with reinforcement. A hole is drilled in the ground to the desired depth using a drill bit carried in a hollow drill rod to which a drill casing is detachably coupled. As the drilling proceeds, grout is applied through the drill rod and is injected sidewardly at high pressure to cut into and mix with the bore wall. The casing is detached from the drill rod and lowered to the bottom of the bore, with the grout filling the annular space between the casing and enlarged bore wall. After the drill rod has been withdrawn from the casing, the casing may be left in place and filled with grout such that the casing provides reinforcement for the resulting grout column. Additional reinforcing material may be inserted through the casing. In an alternative process carried out in accordance with the invention, a bore is drilled with a special drill rod and a sacrificial drill bit.

Abstract: In order to consolidate soil, a hole is drilled therein by advancing downwardly through the soil a rotary percussive drill bit disposed at the end of a drill string. Water is pressurized at the ground surface and is conducted to actuate a hydraulically driven down-the-hole hammer disposed above the drill bit. While vertically retracting and rotating the drill string, grout, which is pressurized at the ground surface, is conducted downwardly through the drill string and ejected laterally outwardly through a lateral opening in the drill string to produce a console of mixed soil and grout surrounding the hole. The water and grout are pressurized in respective chambers of a pump.

Abstract: A process for conditioning a golf green which preferably is constructed in accordance with the specifications of the United States Golf Association. In this process, air is blown at a flow rate of from about 250 to about 1000 cubic feet per minute onto the top surface of the golf green while simultaneously withdrawing air from said vent side of the main feeder line at a flow rate of from about 250 to about 1,000 cubic feet per minute.

Abstract: A self-propelled vehicle includes a waste processing attachment. The vehicle is adapted for being moved over a supporting surface, and has a moveable working arm for reaching outwardly from the vehicle and downwardly beneath an adjacent surface of a waste lagoon. The waste processing attachment injects and mixes a waste processing material into the lagoon. The attachment includes a bucket mounted on a free end of the moveable working arm, and having a plurality of spaced-apart waste sifting openings. A material delivery line extends along the working arm of the vehicle, and has a connecting end connected to a material supply source and a discharge end residing proximate the bucket. Waste processing material flowing through and exiting the delivery line beneath the surface of the waste lagoon is discharged into a target area directly adjacent the bucket and mixed with the waste as the bucket is carried by the working arm through the lagoon.

Abstract: Method for the stabilisation of rock masses, especially vaults or walls of tunnels being excavated, comprising the insertion of a hollow tubular element (10) having an open top and provided with at least a spiral-shaped conical-development element (20, 26) within a hole (22) drilled in the rock mass (28) to be consolidated, and the pressure-injection of consolidation material (30) in the cavity of said hollow tubular element (10).The external diameter of said hollow tubular element (10) is smaller than the maximum hole diameter (22) by a length preferably comprised between 20 and 55 mm.

Abstract: A method to provide a stoichiometric mixture of water, lime and cement for making an in-site piling. Water to supplement existing ground water is supplied by an augur as it drills into the ground so that a substantially uniform concentration of water exists for the full depth. Then the augur, while turning, returns to the surface while it injects and stirs into the wet soil the stoichiometric amounts of lime and cement.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reclaiming soil has a drilling rod with at least two pipes for injecting a high-pressure fluid and a viscous low-pressure fluid containing a granulated agent into the soil. The high-pressure fluid disaggregates the soil, while the low-pressure fluid carries the granulated agent for treating the soil and injects it into sludge formed by the high-pressure fluid to provide good mixing and distribution of the granulated agent.

Abstract: In order to form an air-mixed zone containing tiny air bubbles in the ground with feeble cohesion or the cohesionless ground, an air-tight cover 1 covering the air-mixed zone is placed on the ground surface, along the outside periphery of the cover 1 an air-tight cut-off wall 2 extending down to the depth of ground water table is installed, the pipes 4 for blowing air are pushed from the ground surface penetrating through the air-tight cover 1 down into the ground, by blowing compressed air from the tip portion of the pipes 4 and collect the blown air through the pipes 5 for collecting air which are spaced at suitable distance from the pipes for blowing air and pushed into the ground in a simultaneous cycle of work with the pipes 4 for blowing air in repeated cycles so that the blown in air circulates and spreads uniformly in the air-mixed zone and splits into tiny air bubbles.

Abstract: A method for the displacement of mass A underneath the earth's surface and underneath a soil mass C to site B where the first step optionally treats mass A by known methods such that the composition of mass A is physically altered, mass A is then inserted underneath the earth's surface and soil mass C, displacing soil mass C vertically upwards, and optionally displacing a soil mass D, positioned under site B, vertically downwards.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for constructing, verifying, and maintaining underground vaults that isolate and contain radioactive burial sites. The method employs a buoyant lift technique to isolate a block of soil containing the contaminates from the surrounding soil. An impermeable synthetic liner is embedded in the vault to enhance the integrity of the system. The integrity of the vault is monitored by a system of sensors placed both inside and outside of the sealed vault. The method eliminates the need to excavate or drill in the contaminated areas.

Abstract: A drive device for injecting different types of fluids, chemicals and slurries into a subsurface for soil stabilization and removing fluids from the subsurface prior to treating a soil. The device is designed to be self advancing into the soil. When the driving of the device in the ground surface is completed, the device can be removed or it can be left in place for forming an anchor or load carrying pier. The device includes a plurality of external and internal hollow pipe sections. The pipe sections are joined together with couplings. Each coupling includes perforations therein and helices around the exterior surface of the coupling. The helices are used for driving the pipe sections into the ground. The perforations in each coupling are used for introducing fluids under pressure into the soil or for extracting fluids from the subsurface.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing soil in a subterranean situs is provided wherein a pressurized slurry is introduced through a soil processing tool and mixed with the soil. A single engine drives first and second pumps and a programmable, computerized process control system allocates driving power from the single engine to the first and second pumps to optimize the mixing of the slurry and soil while maximizing the amount of soil being processed.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for treating confined material such as buried waste or areas of contaminated earth by injecting a plurality of high velocity jets of treating fluid into the material over a limited depth in multiple directions from each of a plurality of injection holes. The high velocity jets remain stationary, but the arrangement of the jets emanating from an injection hole in multiple directions produces a result similar to a rotating jet but with increased penetrating force. The jets are operated sequentially over the limited depth of each injection hole to treat a layer of the material and are then moved and again operated sequentially over another limited depth of each injection hole to provide treatment of the material by layers. This allows effective treatment of material surrounding each injection hole without substantial interference from treating fluid flowing through the material from a previously treated hole.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for sealing off ground sites in particular a waste dump, abandoned dumping grounds, pipelines or the like, or also excavated construction sites, using sealants, wherein a fully course-controlled boring technique is used to drive at least one bore underneath the ground site from the surface outside the ground site and the sealant is injected into the soil surrounding the bore. To implement the process, jets for injecting the sealant into the soil are mounted on the steerable remote-controlled boring head.

Abstract: A system and method for injecting liquid/solid mixtures into porous pulse media, such as earth, is disclosed. A two-tank arrangement where liquid only is stored and run through a main pump, while a liquid/solid slurry is stored and moved to join the liquid under pressure by a chemical injector pump is shown. Finally, a displacement wheel commands solenoid valves, for pulsing the pressured liquid, through a distance measuring device such as a laser interacting with a laser target operatively coupled to a ground traveling wheel.

Abstract: An injection bore anchor for use with rock having particularly low cohesive properties has at least two injection valves arranged in the front region of the injection bore anchor and formed as non-return valves so that it is possible for the grout suspension issuing from a longitudinal channel running through the injection bore anchor to flow out but not the reverse. In order to place the injection bore anchor, the injection bore anchor is initially used as a bore rod, wherein a flushing fluid is guided through a longitudinal channel and the bores in the region of a bore-crown. Subsequently, a grout suspension is introduced through the longitudinal channel into the bore hole for filling the bore hole, wherein subsequently the residual grout suspension located within the channel is displaced as far as the region of the bore-crown by a displacement body introduced into the channel.

Abstract: A soil mixing apparatus that requires less drilling force comprises a shaft, a plurality of cutting blades, an excavation blade, an auger bit, a shear blade having an extendible finger. The cutting blades, excavation blade and auger bit are attached to rotate with the shaft. The shear blade is attached at a fixed longitudinal position along the shaft. The shear blade provides a variable length by attaching different length fingers that are adjustable to the soil conditions in which the mixing apparatus is used. The shear blade is also mounted to the shaft at an angle such that the shear blade rotates in the same direction as the excavation blade and the cutting blades, but at a much slower rotation rate.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for treating confined material such as buried waste or areas of contaminated earth by injecting a plurality of high velocity jets of treating fluid into the material over a limited depth in multiple direction from each of a plurality of injection holes. The high velocity jets remain stationary, but the arrangement of the jets emanating from an injection hole in multiple directions produces a result similar to a rotating jet but with increased penetrating force. The jets are operated sequentially over the limited depth of each injection hole to treat a layer of the material and are then moved and again operated sequentially over another limited depth of each injection hole to provide treatment of the material by layers. This allows effective treatment of material surrounding each injection hole without substantial interference from treating fluid flowing through the material from a previously treated hole.

Abstract: A soil decontamination method uses a drilling rod having an outer pipe with a closed lower end and a radially extending outlet nozzle near the lower end. The outer pipe has an outer surface which is free of structures so that the outer pipe moves smoothly in a hole. An inner pipe is co-axially positioned in the outer pipe, the inner pipe having a lower closed end with a radially extending nozzle which is co-axial with, and spaced inwardly from the nozzle of the outer pipe. A drill bit is on an outer surface of a lower end of the outer pipe. A hole is drilled into a layer of soil using the bit.

Abstract: The digging bits system contains left, right and central cylindrical digging bits and left and right plate digging bits being installed between the cylindrical digging bits, respectively. To the cylindrical digging bits, percussion force and turning force are applied. Each of the cylindrical digging bit contains tip, intermediate and upper end tubular body and is provided with a pore therein, respectively. To each of the tip tubular body, a bit edge is fixed, respectively. To both of the upper and the under end sides of the middle tubular body, a cam is provided in one unit with the tubular body, respectively. Each of the plate digging bits contains a sleeve, a central sleeve and a plurality of bit pieces, respectively. The cylindrical digging bits are rotatably connected with each other via a connecting member.

Abstract: A modified ground for an underground water cut-off wall, landslide protection wall, or a foundation pile, etc., is formed in an earthen foundation by an excavator having at least one rotary shaft in accordance with the following method. The rotary shaft includes a bit on a lower end thereof and at least one nozzle for jetting a consolidating fluid which is disposed upwardly of the bit. The method comprises an excavating step for forming a hole in the earthen foundation and a withdrawing step of the rotary shaft from the hole. That is, in the excavating step, the rotary shaft is advanced into the earthen foundation to form therein the hole while rotating the rotary shaft without jetting the consolidating fluid from the nozzle until the hole is excavated to reach a predetermined depth.

Abstract: This invention is a device for injecting chemicals into the soil, comprising two embodiments. In both embodiments a disc cuts the soil, making way for a brace with a knife that cuts away the soil further. A nozzle connected to a tube, which draws chemical from a reservoir, sprays the chemical directly into the soil. A belt, which encircles two drums, keeps the vegetation on the soil. In one embodiment the discs are on the drums. In the second embodiment the disc is separate from the drums.

Abstract: A total recovery drill assembly for providing a flowable cutting material discharging from a multiple orifice nozzle with the nozzle rotating around the longitudinal axis of the drill is provided herein. This assembly includes an outer tube that is connected to a vacuum source on a proximal end and terminates with grooves on the distal end. Within the outer tube is an inner tube that rotates within the outer tube. The proximal end of the inner tube is connected to a high pressure source for discharging a flowable material that is either a gas, a liquid or a particulate solid. The distal end of the inner tube is connected to a nozzle. The nozzle has a cutting orifice and an agitating orifice. The cutting orifice discharges the flowable material towards the grooves of the outer tube. Drilling is achieved by aiming the discharged flowable material as a laminar flow. Additionally, the nozzle has an agitating orifice designed to agitate the cut substance for removal by the vacuum.

Abstract: Apparatus for treating the soil of a grass playing field that includes a piping system containing perforated pipe lines seated in a distribution bed beneath the soil of the playing field. A blower having a discharge port and a suction port is selectively connected to the duct networks to either pump air upwardly or draw air downwardly through the soil profile. A separator is connected in the air supply line of the system for removing water from the air stream moving between the blower and the duct network. The removed water is collected in a holding tank for recycling, or disposed of in an environmentally safe manner.

Abstract: A modified ground, for example, an underground water cut-off wall, landslide protection wall, or the like, is formed in an earthen foundation with the use of an excavator having at least one rotary shaft. The rotary shaft comprises a bit provided at a bottom end thereof, a stirrer having an expandable stirring wing disposed upwardly of the bit, and at least one nozzle for jetting a consolidating fluid in a downwardly diagonal direction. The stirring wing is capable of selectively taking an expanded form and a reduced form to vary an outside diameter of the stirrer about the axis of the rotary shaft. The nozzle is disposed upwardly of the stirrer such that the consolidating fluid jetted from the nozzle collides with the stirring wing in the expanded form. In the present method, the rotary shaft is inserted at a predetermined depth in the earthen foundation to form a hole therein while keeping the stirring wing in the reduced form without jetting the consolidating fluid from the nozzle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and a method which employs gas to position a resin sausage into a bolt hole drilled by a rock bolter. The system provides a controlled quantity of liquid into a resin sausage insertion chamber prior to supplying the gas to eject the sausage from the resin sausage insertion chamber. The liquid enhances the reliability and accuracy of the placement of the sausages in the bolt hole. Preferably, the system includes an expansion chamber through which the gas passes. The expansion chamber is provided so that the gas can be partially displaced by liquid and thereafter, liquid will be advanced into the resin sausage insertion chamber prior to the gas. The system can either have its own fluid supply or alternatively use a fluid supply of the rock bolter if one is provided for flushing the bolt holes.

Abstract: A modified ground, which is utilized for an underground water cut-off wall, landslide protection wall, a foundation pile or the like, is formed in an earthen foundation with the use of an excavator having at least one rotary shaft. The rotary shaft includes a bit provided on a bottom end thereof, and at least one pair of upper and lower nozzles for jetting a consolidating fluid. The upper nozzle is capable of jetting the consolidating fluid in a downwardly diagonal direction so as to generate a joined jet of the consolidating fluid in a downwardly diagonal direction by collision of the consolidating fluid jetted from the upper and lower nozzles.

Abstract: A device for injecting concrete, plastic or the like into cracks in a concrete structure, a rock face or the like comprises an elastic, radially expandable and substantially tubular body adapted to be securely and sealingly engaged within a bore hole in communication with the cracks. The body has a first end portion with a non-return valve to be introduced deepest into the bore hole and a second end portion adapted to be connected to a feed pipe for the material to be injected. The elastic body is formed as an integral unit and is adapted to expand into engagement with the bore hole before the non-return valve opens at a predetermined pressure to inject the material into the bore hole.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a pile having a predetermined pile diameter in a cast-in-place pile includes an agitating apparatus. The agitating apparatus includes a pipe having a longitudinal axis which extends into the ground, and two nozzles are respectively disposed on and supported on the pipe. Each of the plurality of nozzles produces a directional jet flow of liquid. Additionally, an arrangement is provided for supplying liquid under pressure to the two nozzles. The two nozzles are spaced apart a predetermined distance along the longitudinal axis of the pipe, and are oriented such that fluid flow from the two nozzles intersects at a predetermined radial distance from the pipe, so that a cross jet flow is established at the predetermined radial distance to establish an outermost mixing of hardener and settable mixture. A final hardened pile diameter forms at the predetermined radial distance.

Abstract: There is provided a cement soil apparatus of underground borer capable of improving the efficiency of operation such as pile driving in civil engineering foundation work. A screw shaft 3 and a rotary machine 4 for rotating it are disposed on a guide stilt 2 of a vehicle body 1, a down hammer 6 formed with a screw blade 5 is connected to a lower end of the screw shaft, supply conduits 10, 10' and 11, 11' for cement milk or the like are formed in the screw shaft and the down hammer, respectively, such that the supply conduits in the screw shaft are in communication with those in the down hammer, and valves 12, 12' openable by pressure are disposed in lower end portions of the supply conduits, whereby cement or the like can be supplied from the outside to the inside of a bored hole. When boring operation ends and the down hammer is pulled up, cement milk is grouted.

Abstract: An apparatus for constructing subterranean structures, soil-chemicals mixture or soil-agents mixture by using a multi-shaft auger machine to mix soil with a chemical hardener in situ in a borehole. As the auger shafts of the multi-shaft auger machine penetrate the soil, a plurality of lateral support structures shear soil and provide additional lateral support. The plurality of lateral support structures are spaced vertically by a length no greater than thirty feet. Additionally, soil fragmentation members attached to the lateral support structures fragment soil reconsolidations to aid in mixing of soil. The soil fragmentation members have a length no greater than the difference between the radius of at least one auger blade and the radius of the shaft and no less than one-third the difference between the radius of at least one auger blade and the radius of the shaft.

Abstract: A method is disclosed in which a plasma arc torch is used to vitrify and remediate a site containing contaminated soils, resulting from a hazardous material deposit or spill, or contaminated buried objects. The contaminated earthen material or subterranean deposit is pyrolyzed, melted or solidified by the plasma torch which is energized at the bottom of a cased, vertical borehole, and then gradually raised to the surface. An array of boreholes, appropriately spaced, will remediate an entire mass of contaminated material. Similarly, burled objects such as metal drums containing contaminants and underground storage tanks may be selectively remediated at their specific buried depth. Similar use is made of the plasma torch in a second embodiment with the additional step of processing at selected underground locations in the borehole array to create a sealed horizontal layer, vertical cutoff walls or a sealed basin as a barrier against further leaching of contaminants into surrounding soil and groundwater.