Abstract: A soil mixing apparatus that requires less drilling force comprises a shaft, a plurality of cutting blades, an excavation blade, an auger bit, a shear blade having an extendible finger. The cutting blades, excavation blade and auger bit are attached to rotate with the shaft. The shear blade is attached at a fixed longitudinal position along the shaft. The shear blade provides a variable length by attaching different length fingers that are adjustable to the soil conditions in which the mixing apparatus is used. The shear blade is also mounted to the shaft at an angle such that the shear blade rotates in the same direction as the excavation blade and the cutting blades, but at a much slower rotation rate.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and system for installing water impervious barrier walls underground and particularly in levees. A mobile trailer movably mounted on rails carries upstanding front and rear masts and a carrier bar therebetween that is power driven up and down the masts. Augers mounted on the carrier bar are driven into the levee surface to create overlapping holes of loosened soil. A slurry of cement based grout is pumped through the augers to be mixed with the soil by the rotating, retracting augers to produce a soil-concrete slurry. A following mobile trailer also movably mounted on the rails is moved into position over the wall segment of uncured soil-concrete slurry. The following trailer carries a supply of water impervious membrane. Mechanism on the second trailer inserts the membrane into the soil-concrete slurry to produce a water impervious barrier wall segment. The trailers are sequentially moved along the levee to install a continuous water impervious barrier wall along the levee length.

Abstract: All-around type ground reinforcing and consolidating method comprises an excavating step for forming an excavated space in a predetermined area in the ground by using a dual excavating rod composed of an outer excavating member and an inner excavating member which is movably arranged in the outer excavating member; a retracting step for retracting the inner excavating member from the outer excavating member, whereby the outer excavating member is remained in the excavated space; a check step for checking the excavated space by inserting a light member containing a battery into the excavated space; an inserting-step for inserting an injection rod into the outer excavating member; a pressure adjusting step for adjusting the pressure in the excavated space; and an injecting step for injecting a hardening material into the excavated space with retracting the outer excavating member and the injection rod, whereby the predetermined area can be consolidated.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a pile produces a predetermined pile diameter in a cast-in-place pile. The apparatus includes an agitating arrangement which includes a pipe extending longitudinally into the ground, a plurality of agitating blades supported by the pipe for agitating a settable mixture, and a plurality of nozzles respectively disposed on and supported by respective ones of the agitating blades. Each of the plurality of nozzles produces a directional jet flow of liquid. Also, an arrangement is provided for supplying liquid under pressure to each of the plurality of nozzles.

Abstract: A ground reforming method comprises a first step for inserting an injection rod into ground to be reformed, which injection rod includes a first conduit and a second conduit surrounding the first conduit, and a first injection nozzle communicated with the first conduit and a second injection nozzle surrounding the first nozzle and communicated with the second conduit; a second step for feeding first component of an instantaneous hardening type hardening material or a slow hardening type hardening material into the first conduit of the injection rod and a second component of the hardening material or compressed gas into the second conduit; and a third step for injecting the first component of the instantaneous hardening type hardening material or the slow hardening type hardening material and the second component or compressed gas at a super high pressure through the first and second nozzles to mix each other with moving back the injection rod from the inserted portion with revolving.

Abstract: A grout gun for filling a rockbolt borehole with measured doses of grout includes a grout breech for accommodating a predetermined quantity of grout, which is usually in the form of a grout capsule. An elongate rubular barrel extends from the grout breech. Catalyst dosing means, comprising a catalyst dosing chamber communicating with the grout breech and a catalyst inlet pipe, provide a measured dose of catalyst. A compressed air inlet communicates with the catalyst dosing chamber, and a manual trigger valve is provided for controlling the flow of compressed air through the inlet. The valve is operable to propel both the measured dose of the catalyst and the predetermined quantity of grout simultaneously through the barrel under influence of the propellant. An accumulator may be provided downstream of the compressed air inlet, for accommodating a predetermined quantity of compressed air each time the trigger valve is operated.

Abstract: An apparatus for constructing subterranean structures, soil-chemicals mixture or soil-agents mixture by using a multi-shaft auger machine to mix soil with a chemical hardener in situ. As the auger shafts of the multi-shaft auger machine penetrate the soil, spiral flights attached to the auger shaft above the initial auger blades assist soil in passing by supporting structures located between adjacent auger shafts. The spiral flights both assist in raising the soil beyond the supporting structures and also prevent reagglomeration of the soil prior to passing by the supporting structures. The spiral flights have a diameter less than that of the auger blades attached to the shaft below the spiral flights and have a connection ranging from 360 degrees to 720 degrees around the shaft.

Abstract: A sand consolidating method is provided for use in a borehole within an unconsolidated or loosely consolidated oil or gas reservoir which is likely to introduce substantial amounts of sand into the borehole and cause caving. After perforating the borehole's casing at an interval of the formation where sand will be produced, an aqueous silicate solution is injected into said interval. Next, a spacer volume of a water-immiscible hydrocarbonaceous liquid is introduced into the interval. Thereafter, a water-miscible organic solvent containing an alkylpolysilicate and inorganic salt or chelated calcium is injected into the interval. A permeability retentive silicate cement is formed in the interval. Injection of the aqueous silicate and organic solvent is continued until the interval has been consolidated by the silicate cement to an extent sufficient to prevent sand migration and thereby prevent caving.

Abstract: A method and composition for controlling the profile of a formation where temperatures higher than 400.degree. F. are encountered. An aqueous solution of an organoammonium silicate, alkali metal or ammonium silicate is injected into a zone of higher permeability in a formation. Subsequently, a spacer volume of a water-immiscible organic solvent is directed into said zone. Afterwards, a water-miscible organic solvent containing an alkylpolysilicate and an inorganic salt or a chelated calcium compound are injected into the higher permeability zone. A silicate cement is formed in-situ thereby substantially closing the higher permeability zone to fluid flow. Thereafter, a steam-flooding, water-flooding, carbon dioxide-flooding, or fire-flooding EOR operation is commenced in a lower permeability zone.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for injecting a conditioning fluid into a soil foundation. The apparatus is light in weight and easy to handle, performs fixing, moving and boring work while requiring not much time, and is excellent in working performance. The apparatus for injecting the conditioning fluid includes a boring machine for boring the soil foundation and injecting the soil conditioning fluid into the soil foundation for hardening. Magnet fixtures secure the boring machine to a magnetic wall surface supporting the soil foundation or to a magnetic wall surface mounted on a member supporting the soil foundation. Further, a control panel, capable of remotely controlling switch valves for water and conditioning fluid in this kind of apparatus, is formed as a separate body from the apparatus body.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for simultaneously and separately emplacing two streams of different materials through a drillstring in a borehole to a downhole location for lost circulation control. The two streams are mixed outside the drillstring at the desired downhole location and harden only after mixing for control of a lost circulation zone.

Abstract: A system is described to separately furnish to an injector apparatus that is placed within a pipe two or more grout components. The injector apparatus is secured in position in the pipe by components of the injector apparatus that are urged into a position of cooperation with a modified section of pipe as a consequence of the increased hydraulic pressure that occurs within the injector apparatus during the pumping of one of the grout components thereinto. The two or more grout components after separately being furnished to the injector apparatus are then combined together by elements of the system and are then thoroughly mixed (reacted) together by other elements of the system to form a grout that is discharged from the system following their mixing together and prior to setting of the grout in ideal proximity with respect to a crack or crevice requiring grout application. All components of the system are recovered for subsequent use elsewhere.

Abstract: An injection plug device for injecting a concrete repairing agent into a concrete construction through an arcuate injection groove formed therein. The plug device includes a base member sealingly placed over an open end of the arcuate injection groove, a plurality of guide posts extending from the base member, an equal plurality of rod members extending through the guide posts, and engageable member selectively engageable with side walls of the arcuate injection groove by resilient deformation. The engageable members are provided at an inner end portion of the guide posts, or an external surface of the inner end portions of the guide posts. The engageable members have a width smaller than a width of the arcuate injection groove prior to their deformation and have another width larger than the width of the arcuate injection groove after their deformation to provide engagement with the side wall of the groove.

Abstract: Liquid is pumped through a specially designed wand to create a hole in the ground. The wand is pushed downward into the hole to a selected depth. The wand is then pivoted about a vertical axis through 90.degree. during a period of five seconds. The wand is then pushed downward an additional one foot during a ten second period. The steps of the method are repeated until the wand has reached a selected maximum depth. The wand has a body with a vertical nozzle exiting through the bottom, and four horizontal nozzles exiting through side surfaces. Intermediate surfaces are interspersed between the side surfaces, giving the body of the wand a hexagonal cross section.

Abstract: For constructing a pillar in an earthen foundation, a consolidating fluid is sprayed inside the earthen foundation from consolidating fluid spray nozzles provided on a rotating shaft, and then the consolidating fluid and the soil of the original foundation are stirred and mixed. The consolidating fluid spray nozzles which spray the consolidating fluid approximately horizontally are provided on the rotating shaft. The pillar is formed in the earthen foundation by stirring and mixing together the consolidating fluid and the soil of the original foundation in such a way that the rotating speed of the rotating shaft is faster for clayish soil than for sandy soil, the pressure from the consolidating fluid spray nozzles is higher for clayish soil than for sandy soil, and the penetration speed of the rotating shaft is slower for clayish soil than for sandy soil.

Abstract: A stirring apparatus for solidifying earthen foundations. The apparatus comprises a tubular earth auger stirring rod driven by an earth auger drive shaft. A mixture of earth and hardening agents is shaped into a rectangular cross-sectional mass by an open-ended, four-sided rectangular casing. A plurality of resulting substantially hexahedral-shaped hardened masses comprise the foundation for a building structure.

Abstract: A method is disclosed in which a plasma arc torch is used to vitrify and remediate a site containing contaminated soils, resulting from a hazardous material deposit or spill, or contaminated buried objects. The contaminated earthen material or subterranean deposit is pyrolyzed, melted or solidified by the plasma torch which is energized at the bottom of a cased, vertical borehole, and then gradually raised to the surface. An array of boreholes, appropriately spaced, will remediate an entire mass of contaminated material. Similarly, buried objects such as metal drums containing contaminants and underground storage tanks may be selectively remediated at their specific buried depth. Similar use is made of the plasma torch in a second embodiment with the additional step of processing at selected underground locations in the borehole array to create a sealed horizontal layer, vertical cutoff walls or a sealed basin as a barrier against further leaching of contaminants into surrounding soil and groundwater.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a medium in situ includes counter-rotating shafts and intermeshed blades arranged on the shafts in a helical array to define mixing zones along the length of the shafts. Reagent supply conduits are disposed in a housing surrounding the upper ends of the shafts for introducing reagents into the mixing zones. The housing is attached to a mobile excavator which moves the shafts horizontally and vertically. The shafts are lowered into the medium by the excavator and are counter-rotated to cause the blades to pump the medium and the reagents along the shafts. Once at the desired operating depth, the shafts are moved below the surface of the medium in the horizontal direction generally perpendicular to the plane of the axes of the shafts to define a volume in the medium.

Abstract: Sealant nozzle (10) includes a positioning spider (18) at its outlet end. Spider (18) is inserted into a mounting hole (50), or is secured to an outer surface, or is mounted in a corner region (76, 78) of a structure (46). Spider (18) includes a plurality of radial lugs (22) which bend about flex hinges (34), enabling the spider (18) to automatically conform to a range of hole sues. In a surface installation, the lugs (22) are glued to the surface. In a corner installation, some of the lugs (22) contact and are glued to intersecting surfaces (76, 78) which define the corner. A sealant is delivered into and through a passageway (26) in the nozzle (10), to and through an enlarged diameter end cavity (24) at the outlet of passageway (26), and then into the crack to be sealed.

Abstract: System including method and apparatus for treating contaminated underwater sediment by lowering a cylindrical casing to an underbed, lowering a power driven Kelly bar with plural blade injecting and mixing tool fed with treatment material such as solidifying cement and flyash, providing a top circular cover for confining the sediment to be treated within the casing, injecting and mixing the treatment material through the Kelly bar and sequentially moving the casing with Kelly bar and top cover to adjacent treatment locations having full coverage provided with minimum overlap.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming consolidated earth columns of cement grout or mortar, with reinforcement bars if required, e.g., for use in building foundations or in earth consolidation works in anchoring structures of excavation barriers, which significantly reduces the time taken to form the columns and improves productivity. The method includes the steps of injecting a consolidating grout when drilling into the earth. The drill may be left inside the column if a column with reinforcement bar is required. The plant to put the method into effect has a rotating joint manifold (6) at the upper end of the boring drill (11), equipped with tangentially arranged inlets which may be selectively inclined; and a group distributor body (15) placed at the lower end of the boring drill (11) above the boring tool that is equipped with grout flow devices.

Abstract: Disclosed is in situ decontamination methods and apparatus for injecting a hot gas into boreholes formed in a contaminated soil area to vaporize the soil moisture and contaminants, and for collecting the vaporized contaminants at the surface of the soil. A burner heats pressurized gases and mixes the same with combustion gases for injection into the contaminated zone. A central collection system recovers the vaporized contaminants and couples such vapors to an on-site incinerator for disposal. Controlled heating of the injection gas is effective to sequentially remove different types of contaminants, as well as to provide in situ oxidation of other contaminants, while minimizing recondensation of the soil vapors. Wellbore casings are especially adapted for injecting the gas in predetermined patterns. In addition, a heater and incinerator assembly utilizes a single burner for both heating the dry gas and for incinerating the vapor contaminants.

Abstract: An all-round improved ground body forming device comprising a hollow outer casing with an outer metal bit at its tip end and a casing connecting section at its rear end, a casing advancer with an inner bit and a sub-bit for supporting the inner bit at its tip end and an arrowhead-shaped section to be engaged at its rear end, a casing advancer receiving and recovery device which has at its tip end an engaging section to catch the said arrowhead-shaped section and has a contracting and retracting section at an intermediate position between the main body section and the said engaging section, a hardening agent injection rod cosisting of one or more air injection pipes, a hardening agent injection pipe, a high pressure water injection pipe, and a slime discharge pipe, a multiple pipe swivel joint which is provided to correspond with the said hardening agent injection rod, and a method to form an improved ground body by the said device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a consolidating agent injecting apparatus having a nozzle mounted at the end of a pipe. The apparatus is inserted in a guide hole formed in the ground and the nozzle injects a high pressure jet liquid in a radial direction. The injecting direction of the nozzle is downwardly inclined from the horizontal direction within a range from 15 to 45 degrees. The present invention also relates to a ground improving injecting apparatus having first and second nozzles, mounted at the end of a pipe, for injecting a high pressure liquid and a ground improving injection liquid. The first nozzle comprises a plurality of annularly-arranged nozzles. The pipe is inserted into a hole dug in the ground and the high pressure liquid and the ground improving injection liquid are injected from the first and second nozzles.

Abstract: An improved method for underwater reclamation is disclosed. Dredged mud sent under pressure by an earth and sand conveying device is treated with solidifying material, and before it is solidified, it is directly fed to an underwater reclaiming apparatus. The treated mud is fed through a discharge port of the underwater reclaiming apparatus, while the discharge port is always maintained embedded at a constant depth in a previously deposited underwater reclamation mud layer at the bottom of the water. An apparatus for underwater reclamation that is suitable for practicing the improved method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of mixing materials includes a fluid medium, such as an aqueous fluid or a gas, continuously introduced into a mixing column for a time sufficient to allow the fluid to at least substantially fill the column. A predetermined amount of at least one primary material is introduced into the upper end of the mixing column. The primary material is permitted to descend through the fluid medium at a predetermined rate. Secondary materials are introduced into the mixing column through at least one end or through at least one position along the side of the mixing column at an angle and velocity sufficient to cause the secondary materials to intimately contact the primary material along its path of descent through the fluid medium so that the primary and secondary materials are continuously mingled as they descend through the fluid medium until they reach the lower end of the mixing column.

Abstract: A ground reforming method comprises a first step for inserting an injection rod into ground to be reformed, which injection rod includes a first conduit and a second conduit surrounding the first conduit, and a first injection nozzle communicated with the first conduit and a second injection nozzle surrounding the first nozzle and communicated with the second conduit; a second step for feeding first component of an instantaneous hardening type hardening material into the first conduit of the injection rod and a second component of the hardening material (or compressed gas) into the second conduit; and a third step for injecting the first component and the second component (or compressed gas) at a super high pressure through the first and second nozzles to mix each other with moving back the injection rod from the inserted portion with revolving.

Abstract: An all-round improved ground body forming device comprising a hollow outer casing with an outer metal bit at its tip end and a casing connecting section at its rear end, a casing advancer with an inner bit and a sub-bit for supporting the inner bit at its tip end and an arrowhead-shaped section to be engaged at its rear end, a casing advancer receiving and recovery device which has at its tip end an engaging section to catch the said arrowhead-shaped section and has a contracting and retracting section at an intermediate position between the main body section and the said engaging section, a hardening agent injection rod consisting of one or more air injection pipes, a hardening agent injection pipe, a high pressure water injection pipe, and a slime discharge pipe, a multiple pipe swivel joint which is provided to correspond with the said hardening agent injection rod, and a method to form an improved ground body by the said device.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning layers of earth that contain noxious material via a cleaning medium that takes up the noxious material and is introduced into the layers of earth via a drilling tube. The cleaning medium is extracted by suction from the layers of earth and is subsequently processed. To achieve a precise cleaning on the spot in a continuous manner without the necessity for excavating the earth, the apparatus comprises a chamber that surrounds the drilling tube. The chamber can be lowered into the ground either together with or separately from the drilling tube. After termination of the cleaning process, at least parts of chambers used therefor are removed from the ground and shifted to a region that has not yet been cleaned, resulting in an advancement of the cleaning process in a horizontal direction. A sludge mixture can also be pumped from the chamber into a cleaning unit, with the clean, recovered earth again being introduced into the chamber.

Abstract: In a double-tube type boring and kneading machine comprising a double tubular shaft assembly composed of both an outer tubular shaft and an inner shaft separately rotatable to each other, said outer tubular shaft is adapted to be rotated at a high speed and provided at its external surface with a stirring and kneading means, and said inner shaft is adapted to be rotated with a large torque and provided with a boring bit at its leading end, a lower stirring and kneading means and a liquid discharge port. A method for improving a foundation ground by employing a double-tube type boring and kneading machine is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for improving the ground of a large area. The method comprises the steps of inserting a pipe into a hole previously dug in the ground, injecting a high pressure liquid and a ground improving injection liquid from an injecting apparatus attached to the tip of the pipe, drawing up the pipe, grouting the ground, and injecting the ground improving injection liquid to thereby form an underground columnar consolidation body for improving the ground. The drawing-up operation of the pipe is executed while applying vertical vibration to the pipe. Thus, a consolidation body of a large area for improvement of the ground is obtained without concave and convex portions.

Abstract: A combination vibrator, aerator, and liquid-injection device for in-situ treatment of sediments to facilitate the reduction, elimination or removal of substances by microbiological or chemical treatment. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the aerator and liquid-injection elements are attached to an internal concrete vibrator which penetrates and agitates the sediments. Air released from the aerator supplies oxygen to microorganisms in the sediments for the aerobic biodegradation of target substances. Liquids released under pressure from the liquid injector introduce microorganisms, nutrients or other chemicals such as oxidizers and detergents for degradation or solubilization of target substances.

Abstract: A method of improving water retention characteristics of soil by using water absorption polymer, including the steps of forming a water impermeable layer in a subsurface layer of the ground, and providing a water absorption polymer layer in an upper region of the water impermeable layer. The method is executed by an apparatus for forming a water impermeable layer in a subsurface layer of the ground, the apparatus also being used to mix water absorption polymer in the soil in an upper region of the water impermeable layer, by an injecting apparatus having a drilling function.

Abstract: Method for producing a narrow or slit wall (42) in soil (22) by means of a driver (10) with at least two and preferably three vibrating tubes (I, II, III) and guide blades (28, 30, 32) between the vibrating tubes. Following penetration of the driver into the soil, during the withdrawal process of the latter, injection material (40, 44) is loaded into the drilled cavities. During the next work step, the driver is lowered into the soil so that the rearmost vibrating tube (I) is lowered into the still-soft injection material (40) which was added during the previous withdrawal of the foremost vibrating tube (III). By monitoring the power draw of the vibrating motor on the rearmost vibrating tube (I) and regulating this power draw to keep it to a minimum value, removal of the rearmost vibrating tube from the still-soft injection material (40) is prevented. As a result the seal between the successive sections of narrow wall (42) is ensured.

Abstract: Apparatus for in-situ treatment of contaminated soil that includes an elongated hollow drive shaft mounted for rotation about its axis while being supported in vertical orientation. The upper end of the drive shaft is connected for selective injection of fluid under pressure into the shaft. A drill is affixed to the lower end of the shaft for drilling a hole downwardly through the soil. The drill comprises a hollow sleeve mounted to the lower end of the shaft and extending therefrom coaxially with the shaft. A pair of drill blades are cantilevered from the sleeve, and extend outwardly therefrom at right angles diametrically opposite to and aligned with each other. Each blade is of identical uniform cross section and carries a plurality of radially spaced drill teeth oriented tangentially of the sleeve along a leading radial edge of the blade. A hollow pipe extends along the trailing edge of each blade, and has orifices for injecting fluid from the sleeve and the pipe into the earth as the blade is rotated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for improving the ground of a large area. The method comprises the steps of inserting a pipe into a hole previously dug in the ground, injecting a high pressure liquid and a ground improving injection liquid from an injecting apparatus attached to the tip of the pipe, drawing up the pipe, grouting the ground, and injecting the ground improving injection liquid to thereby form an underground columnar consolidation body for improving the ground. The drawing-up operation of the pipe is executed while applying vertical vibration to the pipe. Thus, a consolidation body of a large area for improvement of the ground is obtained without concave and convex portions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to multi-shaft apparatus and methods for forming soilcrete columns and walls and grids in situ in soil whereby adjacent boreholes are drilled so as to reach bedrock at substantially the same time. Each shaft is equipped with a penetrating auger blade at its lower end. Overlapping auger blades, vertically offset from the penetrating auger blades, are attached to alternate shafts. The columns may overlap or be approximately tangential to each other. Columns may be positioned in a row so as to form a wall, or may be positioned in a grid so as to fixate a region of contaminated soil.

Abstract: A method of grouting porous gas--and petroleum--bearing formations with a cementitious material comprising ultrafine ground slag is useful for primary and remedial cementing of a wellbore. A composition is provided which comprises water, a dispersant, slag and an accelerator to activate the slag.

Abstract: A process and device for decontamination of contaminated soil wherein contaminated soil is precleansed by a pressurized flushing and cutting jet of a cutting device located in a borehole. The soil is removed from the existing soil structure and flushed so intensely that is largely freed from adhering pollutants. The fine particles of the flushed and precleansed soil, together with the pollutants, are sluiced as a slurry in a return flow through a preventer. For decontamination, they are conveyed to a decontamination plant where the remaining pollutants are extracted. The coarse particles of soil remain in the ground. Finally, the cleansed soil, together with a bonding agent, is flushed back into the borehole where it forms a soil structure capable of bearing loads.

Abstract: An injection packer for injecting a synthetic resin into cracks in concrete has an elongate plastic body having a longitudinal injection channel, an injection nipple arranged at the rear end of the plastic body and communicating with the injection channel, and a sealing cuff made of a plastic material which is softer than a material the plastic body is made of, and fitted in a positive inter-engagement manner around the front end of the plastic body.

Abstract: An injection adapter for introducing a flowable compound into a drilled hole in masonry has a plastic tubular part having an inner thread in the upper end thereof for engaging a threaded end of a bolt of a fixing element anchored in the drilled hole which threaded end projects from the drilled hole. The injection adapter has a lower tapering end having a front annular end face for engaging an adjacent annular end face of a sleeve of the fixing element.

Abstract: Apparatus for eliminating non-naturally occurring, subsurface, liquid toxic contaminants from soil, includes a fracturing assembly for pneumatically fracturing the soil, the fracturing assembly including a tubular probe which receives a pressurized gas, the probe including a soil penetrating portion adapted to be inserted in a well in the soil and an above soil portion in fluid communication with the soil penetrating portion, the soil penetrating portion including a tube which receives the pressurized gas, first and second packers connected with the tube for pressing against walls of the well so as to provide a sealed area in the well between the first and second packers, a nozzle position in the sealed area in fluid communication with the tube for supplying the pressurized gas into the soil, the nozzle including at least one orifice therein which fluidly connects the soil with the tubular probe and an adjustment assembly which permits relative movement between the first and second packers in response to soil

Abstract: A casing string is cemented in a borehole of a well. The cement is prepared by introducing water and dry cement material into a mixing vessel. The water and dry cement material are mixed in the mixing vessel to form a cement slurry. The mixing is accomplished by agitating the slurry to cause the slurry to circulate within the vessel, and while agitating the slurry, transmitting vibrational energy into the slurry and thereby aiding in the wetting of the dry cement material in the slurry. This also aids in removing entrained air from the slurry. The slurry is then pumped into an annulus between the casing string and the borehole.

Abstract: A method of constructing shafts and continuous walls quickly and efficiently. The construction process consists of one step in which air and a ground hardener are injected through a jetting pipe element to form a column-shaped region of soil mixed with hardener; and another step in which a hardening inhibitor is injected into the soil-hardener mixture region by the jetting element, the shaft then being formed by excavating the portion of the ground that has not been hardened because of the presence of the inhibitor.

Abstract: A method of grouting formations with a cementitious material comprising microfine ground slag is useful for stabilizing and strenghtening soil and rock formations as well as underground structures associated with buildings, tunnels and dams. A composition is provided which comprises water, a dispersant, slag and an accelerator to activate the slag. The method and composition are particularly useful for preventing permeation of water such as for grouting dam curtains and containing and stabilizing hazardous wastes including nuclear waste material.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a modified multishaft auger apparatus for in situ fixation of soil contaminated with toxic waste. Soil fixation is achieved by augering a plurality of boreholes downwardly into the contaminated soil with a modified multi-shaft auger machine. A chemical hardener is injected into the contaminated soil while the boreholes are being augered. As the shafts rotate, a plurality of soil mixing paddles extending outwardly from each shaft blend the contaminated soil with the chemical hardener in situ. The soil mixing paddles are configured so as to minimize the vertical movement of the contaminated soil out of the boreholes in order to maximize in situ containment of the contaminated soil. Upon hardening, the soil is immobilized such that hazardous chemicals, toxic compounds and other soil constituents are trapped in order to prevent migration from the fixated area.A multi-shaft auger apparatus capable of augering boreholes of different diameter is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of improving the ground of a large section area. A double pipe, having a first nozzle directed in the lateral direction and a second nozzle surrounding the first nozzle, is inserted into a hole dug in the ground. A ground improving agent is injected at high pressure from the first nozzle through one pipe of the double pipe. A reproduced slurry, obtained by reproducing grouted slimes, is injected from the second nozzle through the other pipe of the double pipe at a lower pressure than the pressure of the ground improving agent. While rotating, the double pipe is lifted up from under ground. The ground improving agent, injected at the high pressure, is surrounded by the reproduced slurry injected at the lower pressure. The frictional resistance between the ground improving agent and the sediments is reduced, the arrival distance of the ground improving agent is increased, and the abrasive effect is obtained.

Abstract: An improved pipe pier inserting tool comprising at least two separate driving means, attached to two separate gripping means, whereby a pipe pier held within the gripping means can be forced, either in tandem or sequentially, by the two driving means into unstable soil beneath a building foundation so as to add new support.

Abstract: An injection adaptor for injecting a free-flowing compound into a hole drilled in masonry and into cavities of a fixing element anchored in the drilled hole, and comprising an inner pressure chamber in which a portion of a threaded bolt that forms a part of the fixing element, is received, a nipple for injecting the compound into the inner pressure chamber, and seal elements for sealing the inner pressure chamber with respect to a sleeve that constitutes another part of the fixing element.

Abstract: A machine (13) for the continuous casting of structural concrete walls (10) has a chassis (19) mounted on tracks (20). A telescopic boom (26) is mounted for buffing movement on a work platform (21) mounted for slewing movement relative to the chassis (19). A work head (30) has a work head unit (38) mounted for movement in three axes relative to the boom (26). The work head unit (38) has a continuous bucket excavator which digs a trench as the work head unit (38) is advanced and a continuous formwork (46) which supports the sides of the trench and defines the structural wall (10) which is cast as the work head unit (38) is advanced, pressurized concrete being supplied to the cavity defined by the formwork (46) by a pipe (14).