Abstract: A nozzle for injecting adhesive materials into cracks in concrete, mortared joints in brick or stone walls, in timber, or in similar materials, the nozzle having a body with a center channel for conducting the resin from a suitable pump into the cracked surface. The nozzle may be surface mounted or mounted in a drilled hole, and has a proximal end adapted for connection to a conventional coupling and a distal end surrounded by spaced lugs which facilitate insertion of the distal end into a hole and aid in retaining the nozzle therein. The spacing between the lugs and a plurality of grooves in the distal end communicating with the center channel minimize back pressure when surface mounted and resist back pressure when mounted in a hole, and provide an even diffusion of the resin into the void. A collar is normally provided near the distal end for partially or completely sealing the installation and for retaining an adhesive gel or putty cone which further seals the installation.

Abstract: A method of lifting and stabilizing a concrete slab having an opening therein in which a plate is attached to the top surface of the slab, the plate having an opening coinciding with the opening in the slab, a hydraulic jack having a downwardly extending piston is removeably secured to the plate and a series of tubular shafts are forced downwardly through the opening in the plate and the slab to penetrate the earth beneath the slab and apply lifting force. When the slab has been lifted to the desired elevation, grout, such as a concrete slurry, can be injected below the slab so that the slab is stabilized in the selected elevational position. After the plate is removed the hole in the slab is filled.

Abstract: A tubular rock bolt of strong elastomeric material, inserted into a bore of a tunnel roof or a mine face, has an outlet end spaced from the remote end of the bore through which a hardenable adhesive mass is inserted under pressure by way of an inlet in the opposite bolt extremity. An obstruction inserted between the bore wall and the bolt allows only some of the adhesive mass to enter a proximal portion of the bore under considerably lower pressure, either by flowing through or past the obstruction or by exiting through one or more restricted openings in the bolt periphery.

Abstract: A method for restructuring a railway roadbed by injecting therein an amount of structural slurry effective to form a substantially continuous structured layer which provides increased load carrying capacity to said roadbed, which substantially blocks the intrusion of water into the subgrade soil through the ballast section of said roadbed, and which limits the upward intrusion of subgrade soil into the ballast section.

Abstract: A grout injection method and apparatus, characterized in that a grout comprised of two liquids and curable when the two liquids are combined are supplied, in a grout injection operation, to an injection pump, introduced through separate passages formed concentrically in the pipe, respectively, into an annular chamber formed within the pipe, and uniformly combined, contacted and mixed with each other in the annular mixing chamber before injection into the soil. The passages of the liquids communicating with the annular mixing chamber are blocked when the grout injection is not carried out.

Abstract: Agitation shafts provided with agitation vanes at lower portions thereof are fastened rotatably to the outer circumferential surface of a support cylinder to form a soft ground hardening machine. Connecting means are provided between upper and lower portions of the support cylinder. The connect-means are adapted to be tensed and slackened for eliminating the inclination of the machine in operation. In a soft ground hardening method using this machine, the inclination thereof can be eliminated as the direction in which the machine is inserted into or withdrawn from the soft ground is measured momentarily.

Abstract: A precast concrete pile is provided which has spaced apart concavities disposed in its inner or outer peripheral wall surface. The spaced apart concavities partially extend into the wall surface and terminate with frangible end portions. These end portions break under pressure of mortar pumped into the pile body, thereby forming apertures through which the mortar flows from the pile into the ground adjacent the pile. The precast concrete pile, after being driven into the ground, has a hydraulic sealing apparatus suspended at a desired level within the pile. The hydraulic sealing apparatus is filled with oil to cause radial swelling of the rubber packing to seal off a hollow space within the pile under the packing, and mortar is pumped under pressure into the sealed space until the concavities burst open to enable internal mortar to penetrate the ground surrounding the pile.

Abstract: This invention relates to a backfill compaction apparatus of a type particularly well suited to the puddling and compaction of loose soil around pipes laid in trenches, such apparatus being characterized by a self-propelled carriage adapted to straddle the pipe and advance therealong incrementally, a mast supported in upstanding relation on the front end of the carriage, a forwardly-extending boom mounted on the mast for vertical movement relative thereto, means operatively interconnecting the mast and boom for raising and lowering the latter, a tool-carrying platform suspended from the boom in overhanging relation to the trench to be backfilled, at least one pair of transversely-spaced combination puddling and vibrating subassemblies hanging from the tool-carrying platform adapted to enter the trench on opposite sides of a pipe laid therein, said subassemblies each including an elongate rigid nozzle for introducing water beneath the surface of the backfill and a vibrator connected to said nozzle for movement

Abstract: The invention relates in particular to a device for producing tie-rods anchored in the ground, which comprises a tubular protective element comprising a top part and a base part and provided on its base part with at least one injection aperture, and at least one element constituting a tie-rod situated inside the tubular element, wherein the part of the element constituting the tie-rod extending along the top part of the tubular element is surrounded by a protective casing, with lubricant inserted between the element constituting the tie-rod and the casing.

Abstract: An injection liner for use as a borehole closure in masonry or solid rock provides a passageway for injecting plastics material into a prepared borehole for sealing cracks or fissures in masonry or solid rock. The liner is a unitary shaft having a frusto-conically shaped outside surface arranged to be fitted into the prepared borehole. The shaft is a tubular member and provides an axially extending bore through which the plastics material is forced. A nipple is threaded into the larger diameter end of the shaft so that a hose for the plastics material can be connected to the nozzle for flowing the plastics material into the bore through the injection liner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for constructing a slurry wall in a trench utilizing a trenching apparatus equipped with slurry barriers behind the digging chain adapted to slidingly engage the opposite side walls of the trench from the ground level to the bottom of the trench and a trailing unit also behind the trencher straddling the trench and comprising plows near the point at which the digging chain deposits excavated soil at the ground level and a slurry injector for introducing slurry into the trench behind the slurry barriers. In a preferred embodiment, actuators are employed to shift the slurry barriers from a retracted position into an operative position.

Abstract: A borehole closure, especially for injection of plastic material or cement into a borehole formed into rock for solidifying the latter and comprising a tube, a one-way valve connected to the leading end of said tube, a holding element including a spreading cone cooperating with a spreadable shell surrounding the tube in the region of its leading end, which in turn is followed by an axially compressible and radially expandable sealing element in form of a rubber sleeve surrounding the tube. In order to place the lost borehole closure at any desired distance from the outer end of the borehole, a plurality of tube sections and connecting bushings are provided for connecting the tube sections with different restraining forces to each other and to the trailing end of the tube, with one of the tube sections extending beyond the outer end of the borehole.

Abstract: In apparatus for injecting and mixing a ground stabilization agent into the material of the earth during the operation of an earth drill, a device is provided for generating signals indicative of the upward movement of the earth drill as the drill is withdrawn and while the stabilization agent is being introduced, and a weighing device is provided for constantly weighing the remaining supply of ground stabilization agent and for thereby measuring the weight of stabilization agent delivered to the ground, and a recorder is connected to receive signals from both of the devices for providing a graphic record of the stabilization agent delivered versus the upward travel of the earth drill.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for improving the strength of a soft viscous ground are disclosed. For improving the strength of an area of some extent, hardenable liquid consisting essentially of cement milk is injected into each one of a plurality of preselected points for promoting dehydration and compaction of the ground. The liquid is hardened in a short time for forming a rigid tree-like structure. A measure or index for the local ground strength is obtained at first by using a measuring/injection device, and the injection pressure is set to be slightly larger than the measure or index so obtained. The liquid may then be permeated into the soft viscous ground at substantially the same injection pressure until the ground is consolidated satisfactorily.

Abstract: A method of injecting grout into soil using a combined injection and boring rod wherein the rod comprises a tip and at least one injection nozzle at the lowermost end thereof. A sleeve packer of an elastomeric material is embedded in a recess in the periphery of the rod along the length thereof. A plurality of passages extend in and along the rod, the passages being defined by at least two parallel inner tubes spaced within an outer tube, and further by the spacing between the outer tube and the inner tubes. The method includes the steps of inflating the sleeve packer by introducing fluid pressure into the recess through a hole in the outer tube communicating with one of the passages, feeding two liquids of curable grout through respective passages and mixing the two liquids within the rod at the tip of the rod, and then injecting the mixed grout into the soil from the injecting nozzle.

Abstract: A chemical fluids injection device for improvements in the ground includes an outer pipe, for injecting fluid-A of two-fluids for improvements in the ground, and an inner pipe, for injecting fluid-B of the two chemical fluids, which are coaxially disposed. An annular recess is located on the outer circumference of the outer pipe, and the annular recess is in communication with a space located between the outer and inner pipes and a space located within the inner pipe, respectively, through a fluid-A injection port and a fluid-B injection port, respectively. There is a resilient annular member made of rubber or the like which is located in the annular recess.

Abstract: An injector which is intended for the injection of material under high pressure through bores or other holes in rock or other solid material is provided with an injector pipe, a tubular shell, and injector nozzle and an expansion device which, during the injection operation, seals against the wall of the bore. The injector nozzle is releasable from the end of the injector pipe and is disposed to cooperate with a sleeve included in the expansion device in order to press the sleeve against the wall of the bore and in order, together with the sleeve, to form an expanded unit which, after the injection phase, is released from the injector pipe and remains, in the expanded state, in the bore. The injector nozzle is designed as a non-return valve, in that it has a cupola-like valve portion consisting of elastomer material and bridging the end of the injector pipe.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of providing a grouted anchorage in a base formation. A tube having a drill member at its forward end is driven into the base formation through an opening in a wall. An anchor rod is introduced once the desired depth has been reached, liquid mortar is forced through the tube to the forward end of the tube and the tube is withdrawn from the hole. The forward end of the tube is continuously kept closed, sealed from penetration by water. During the initial withdrawal of the tube a corresponding amount of liquid mortar is forced therethrough, the anchor rod being pressed against the drill tip which remains in the base formation.

Abstract: A rock formation may be stabilized by introducing a settable stabilizing substance into boreholes around non-load bearing filler elements in the boreholes, and allowing the substance to set.The use of filler elements reduces the volume of a settable substance needed in the holes. Thereby the cost is reduced because the filler elements may be of a less expensive material than the settable substance. Different types of filler elements are also disclosed.

Abstract: According to this invention, when the area to be treated is accessible, the procedure involves breaking up the soil to be treated by a continuous, forward-moving mixing process down to a chosen depth. A first vertical section of a determined width is followed, with simultaneous forward injection of the reagent. This is continued until the first section has been completed, at which time a second lateral section is begun in the same way. This second section will be exactly adjacent to the first one, which will be in the process of hardening, and the following sections will be completed in the same way until the entire area to be treated has been mixed to the desired depth.

Abstract: This specification discloses method and apparatus for treating subsurface layers of the earth to build strength of the subsurface layers and control movement of the subsurface water characterized by slaking quicklime (CaO) in a mixing tank to form an elevated temperature, hydrated lime [Ca (OH).sub.2 ] slurry and injecting the resulting elevated temperature lime slurry at a predetermined plurality of spaced apart locations and at predetermined depths into the earth subsurface layers. This achieves a cost reduction, has greater reliability in obtaining materials, achieves better results, saves energy and extends the injection-stabilization season into cold weather previously considered prohibitive. Also disclosed are the details of preferred embodiments for admixing the unslaked lime for the various uses.

Abstract: An injection process for solidifying a soft ground by injecting a blend of water glass type grout thereinto which is a non-alkaline aqueous solution of silicic acid obtained by the mixing water glass into an aqueous solution of acidic reactant so as to remove alkali from the water glass, and an injection apparatus for practicing the injection process which comprises a mixing container for preparing the non-alkaline aqueous solution of silicic acid by adding and mixing the water glass into the aqueous solution of acidic reactant.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for forming a row of piles to form a wall by employing an earth auger device. The method comprises the steps of drilling an intermediate hole in the earth with the auger between two previously-formed and spaced-apart piles, then stopping rotation of the earth auger at the bottom of the intermediate hole after completion of the drilling operation, pouring in mortar while pulling out the auger to form an intermediate pile between the previously-formed piles and, at the same time, cutting away or displacing portions of earth between the previously-formed piles and the intermediate pile, and replacing the displaced earth with pile-forming mortar to integrally join the intermediate pile with the previously-formed piles.

Abstract: Mining deposits, e.g., coal fields, are consolidated by injecting therein a composition which includes (a) an aqueous dispersion of a vinyl polymer, (b) at least one water-soluble acrylic monomer, and (c) a curing amount of an in situ polymerization catalyst for the acrylic monomer(s) (b); and thence permitting the composition to cure, in situ, into an adherent, consolidating gel matrix for the loose deposit.